Russian Sea of Okhotsk Pollock Fishery for the Russian Pollock Catchers Association (PCA)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Russian Sea of Okhotsk Pollock Fishery for the Russian Pollock Catchers Association (PCA) Acoura Marine Public Comment Draft Report Russia Sea of Okhotsk Pollock MSC SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES CERTIFICATION Russia Sea of Okhotsk Pollock Public Comment Draft Report May 2018 Prepared For: Russian Pollock Catchers Association Prepared By: Acoura Marine Ltd Authors: Andrew I.L. Payne, Robert O’Boyle, David W. Japp Acoura Version V2.1 04/01/17 Acoura Marine Public Comment Draft Report Russia Sea of Okhotsk Pollock Fishery name Russia Sea of Okhotsk Pollock Fishery Species and Stock Walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) Date of Site Visit Week beginning 2 October 2017 Assessment team Lead assessor: Andrew I.L. Payne (TL & P3) Assessor(s): Robert O’Boyle (P1) David W. Japp (P2) CAB name Acoura Marine CAB contact details Address 6 Redheughs Rigg Edinburgh EH12 9DQ United Kingdom Phone/Fax +44 (0)131 335 6662 Email [email protected] Contact name(s) Polly Burns Client contact details Address Russian Pollock Catchers Association (PCA) 517B, 51-a, Svetlanskaya Street Vladivostok 690990 Russia Phone/Fax +7 (423) 222 43 13 Email [email protected] Contact name(s) Alexey Buglak Page 2 of 230 Acoura Marine Full Assessment Template per MSC V2.0 02/12/2015 Acoura Marine Public Comment Draft Report Russia Sea of Okhotsk Pollock Contents Contents ............................................................................................................................... 3 Glossary................................................................................................................................ 6 1 Executive Summary ....................................................................................................... 8 Client strengths ....................................................................................................... 8 Client weaknesses .................................................................................................. 8 Determination ......................................................................................................... 8 Rationale ................................................................................................................ 9 Conditions and Recommendations ......................................................................... 9 2 Authorship and Peer Reviewers ................................................................................... 10 2.1 Assessment Team ................................................................................................ 10 2.1.1 Peer Reviewers ................................................................................................... 12 2.1.2 RBF Training ....................................................................................................... 12 3 Description of the Fishery ............................................................................................ 13 Unit(s) of Assessment (UoA) and Scope of Certification Sought ........................... 13 Eligible Fishers .............................................................................................. 13 Rationale for Unit of Certification (UoC) ......................................................... 13 Unit of Assessment (UoA) and Proposed Unit of Certification ............................... 13 Final UoC(s) .......................................................................................................... 15 Total Allowable Catch (TAC) and Catch Data ................................................ 15 Scope of Assessment in Relation to Enhanced Fisheries .............................. 15 Scope of Assessment in Relation to Introduced Species Based Fisheries ..... 15 Overview of the fishery ......................................................................................... 15 Area under Evaluation ................................................................................... 16 Fishery Ownership and Organizational Structure ........................................... 16 History of the Fishery, and the Current Fleet .................................................. 20 Principle One: Target Species Background ........................................................... 22 Stock Status .................................................................................................. 22 Reference Points ........................................................................................... 25 Harvest Strategy ............................................................................................ 26 Information and Monitoring ............................................................................ 32 Stock Assessment ......................................................................................... 44 Principle Two: Ecosystem Background ................................................................. 53 General Ecosystem Characteristics ............................................................... 53 Information available for Principle 2 evaluation .............................................. 55 Retained Species (bycatch) ........................................................................... 58 Bycatch Species (Discard) ............................................................................. 65 Endangered, Threatened and Protected Species ........................................... 73 Page 3 of 230 Acoura Marine Full Assessment Template per MSC V2.0 02/12/2015 Acoura Marine Public Comment Draft Report Russia Sea of Okhotsk Pollock Habitat ........................................................................................................... 77 Ecosystem ..................................................................................................... 80 Principle Three: Management System Background............................................... 82 General Overview .......................................................................................... 82 The Legislative Framework ............................................................................ 83 Agencies and Mandates ................................................................................ 87 The Precautionary Nature of SOO Fisheries Management ............................ 95 Summary Overview of Fisheries Management ............................................... 96 4 Evaluation Procedure ................................................................................................... 98 Harmonised Fishery Assessment .......................................................................... 98 Previous assessments .......................................................................................... 98 Assessment Methodologies ................................................................................ 101 Evaluation Processes and Techniques ............................................................... 101 Site Visits ..................................................................................................... 101 Consultations ............................................................................................... 103 Evaluation Techniques ................................................................................. 103 5 Traceability ................................................................................................................ 105 Eligibility Date ..................................................................................................... 105 Traceability within the Fishery ............................................................................. 105 Eligibility to Enter Further Chains of Custody ...................................................... 107 Eligibility of Inseparable or Practicably Inseparable (IPI) stock(s) to Enter Further Chains of Custody ......................................................................................................... 108 6 Evaluation Results ..................................................................................................... 109 Principle Level Scores ........................................................................................ 109 Summary of PI Level Scores ............................................................................... 109 Principle ............................................................................................................................ 109 Summary of Conditions ....................................................................................... 110 Recommendations .............................................................................................. 110 Determination, Formal Conclusion and Agreement ............................................. 111 Changes in the fishery prior to and since Pre-Assessment ................................. 111 References ....................................................................................................................... 112 Appendices ....................................................................................................................... 119 Appendix 1a – MSC Principles and Criteria ................................................................... 119 Appendix 1.1 Performance Indicator Scores and Rationale ........................................... 122 PI 1.1.1 Stock Status ................................................................................................. 122 PI 1.1.2 Reference Points .......................................................................................... 124 PI 1.1.3 Stock Rebuilding ..........................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Defensive Behaviors of Deep-Sea Squids: Ink Release, Body Patterning, and Arm Autotomy
    Defensive Behaviors of Deep-sea Squids: Ink Release, Body Patterning, and Arm Autotomy by Stephanie Lynn Bush A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Integrative Biology in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in Charge: Professor Roy L. Caldwell, Chair Professor David R. Lindberg Professor George K. Roderick Dr. Bruce H. Robison Fall, 2009 Defensive Behaviors of Deep-sea Squids: Ink Release, Body Patterning, and Arm Autotomy © 2009 by Stephanie Lynn Bush ABSTRACT Defensive Behaviors of Deep-sea Squids: Ink Release, Body Patterning, and Arm Autotomy by Stephanie Lynn Bush Doctor of Philosophy in Integrative Biology University of California, Berkeley Professor Roy L. Caldwell, Chair The deep sea is the largest habitat on Earth and holds the majority of its’ animal biomass. Due to the limitations of observing, capturing and studying these diverse and numerous organisms, little is known about them. The majority of deep-sea species are known only from net-caught specimens, therefore behavioral ecology and functional morphology were assumed. The advent of human operated vehicles (HOVs) and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) have allowed scientists to make one-of-a-kind observations and test hypotheses about deep-sea organismal biology. Cephalopods are large, soft-bodied molluscs whose defenses center on crypsis. Individuals can rapidly change coloration (for background matching, mimicry, and disruptive coloration), skin texture, body postures, locomotion, and release ink to avoid recognition as prey or escape when camouflage fails. Squids, octopuses, and cuttlefishes rely on these visual defenses in shallow-water environments, but deep-sea cephalopods were thought to perform only a limited number of these behaviors because of their extremely low light surroundings.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of the Squid Stock Complex in the Gulf of Alaska
    21. Assessment of the squid stock complex in the Gulf of Alaska Olav A. Ormseth NMFS Alaska Fisheries Science Center Executive Summary Squids in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are managed as a single stock complex comprising approximately 15 species. Historically squids were managed as part of the GOA “Other Species” complex, which included squids, octopuses, sharks, and sculpins. In 2011, the “Other Species” group was broken up into individual stock complexes and the squid complex received its own harvest specifications. Harvest recommendations are based on an historical catch approach setting OFL equal to maximum historical catch during 1997 – 2007. In June 2017 the North Pacific Fishery Management Council moved to reclassify squid as an “Ecosystem Component” complex, meaning that once the Fishery Management Plan has been amended to reflect this decision there will no longer be annual catch limits for squids (see https://www.npfmc.org/squid-reclassification/ for more information). Summary of Changes in Assessment Inputs 1) Trawl survey data from 2017 have been added. 2) Catch data have been updated through October 11, 2017. Summary of Results 1) The 2017 trawl survey biomass estimate was 2,296 t, the lowest it has been since 1999. 2) The 2017 catch data are incomplete (29 t as of October 11), but it is likely that the 2017 catch will be low compared to 2015 (411 t) and 2016 (239 t). 3) Harvest recommendations are unchanged from the status quo. Harvest Recommendations last year this year Quantity/Status 2016 2017 2017 2018 Specified/recommended
    [Show full text]
  • SYSTEMATICS of the CEPHALOPOD FAMILY GONATIDAE from the SOUTHEASTERN BERING SEA RECOMMENDED: APPROVED: F — > Program Head V
    Systematics of the Cephalopod family Gonatidae from the southeastern Bering Sea Item Type Thesis Authors Bublitz, Christopher G. Download date 06/10/2021 03:42:26 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/11122/5209 SYSTEMATICS OF THE CEPHALOPOD FAMILY GONATIDAE FROM THE SOUTHEASTERN BERING SEA RECOMMENDED: f — > Programin i Head. APPROVED: Vice Chancellor ror Research and Advanced Study Date (J SYSTEMATICS OF THE CEPHALOPOD FAMILY GONATIDAE FROM THE SOUTHEASTERN BERING SEA A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of the University of Alaska in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE By Qu Christopher G. Bublitz 4- o Fairbanks, Alaska '3 < o May 1981 H ABSTRACT The systematic relationships within the cephalopod family Gonatidae were examined utilizing specimens collected from the southeastern Bering Sea. Ten species; Gonatus onyx, Gonatus madokai, Gonatus tinvo3 Gonatus bewyi, Gonatus pyvos3 Gonatus sp., Gonatus type A, BevvyteuthLs magistev3 Berryteuthis anonychus3 and Gonatopsis bovealis; were identified. Included in these are the identification of a probable new species, Gonatus sp., the verification of a questionable species, Gonatus tinro, and the classification of previously described but unclassified developmental stages. Morphometric characters were used for a retrogression analysis of each species' development. The developmental stages for those species found in the study area are described and illustrated in detail. The taxonomic and morphometric characters of the species are compared. Two closely allied species, Gonatus bevvyi and Gonatus sp. are compared and contrasted. A brief an§J.ysis of the growth and development of the genus Gonatus is also given. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT S I gratefully acknowledge the assistance and encouragement given me by a large number of people, both in the United States and Japan.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparison of Size Selectivity Between Marine Mammals and Commercial Fisheries with Recommendations for Restructuring Management Policies
    NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-159 Comparison of Size Selectivity Between Marine Mammals and Commercial Fisheries with Recommendations for Restructuring Management Policies by M. A. Etnier and C. W. Fowler U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service Alaska Fisheries Science Center October 2005 NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS The National Marine Fisheries Service's Alaska Fisheries Science Center uses the NOAA Technical Memorandum series to issue informal scientific and technical publications when complete formal review and editorial processing are not appropriate or feasible. Documents within this series reflect sound professional work and may be referenced in the formal scientific and technical literature. The NMFS-AFSC Technical Memorandum series of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center continues the NMFS-F/NWC series established in 1970 by the Northwest Fisheries Center. The NMFS-NWFSC series is currently used by the Northwest Fisheries Science Center. This document should be cited as follows: Etnier, M. A., and C. W. Fowler. 2005. Comparison of size selectivity between marine mammals and commercial fisheries with recommendations for restructuring management policies. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-AFSC-159, 274 p. Reference in this document to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-159 Comparison of Size Selectivity Between Marine Mammals and Commercial Fisheries with Recommendations for Restructuring Management Policies by M. A. Etnier and C. W. Fowler Alaska Fisheries Science Center 7600 Sand Point Way N.E. Seattle, WA 98115 www.afsc.noaa.gov U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Carlos M.
    [Show full text]
  • Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission
    A REVIEW OF THE CEPHALOPODS OF WESTERN NORTH AMERICA By S. Stillman Berry Stanford University, California Blank page retained for pagination A REVIEW OF THE CEPHALOPODS OF WESTERN NORTH AMERICA. By S. STILLMAN BERRY, Stanford University, California. J1. INTRODUCTION. "The region covered by the present report embraces the western shores of North America between Bering Strait on the north and the Coronado Islands on the south, together with the immediately adjacent waters of Bering Sea and the North Pacific Ocean. No attempt is made to present a monograph nor even a complete catalogue of the species now living within this area. The material now at hand is inadequate to properly repre­ sent the fauna of such a vast region, and the stations at which anything resembling extensive collecting has been done are far too few and scattered. Rather I have merely endeavored to bring out of chaos and present under one cover a resume of such work as has already been done, making the necessary corrections wherever possible, and adding accounts of such novelties as have been brought to my notice. Descriptions are given of all the species known to occur or reported from within our limits, and these have been made. as full and accurate as the facilities available to me would allow. I have hoped to do this in such a way that students, particularly in the Western States, will find it unnecessary to have continual access to the widely scattered and often unavailable literature on the subject. In a number of cases, however, the attitude adopted must be understood as little more than provisional in its nature, and more or less extensive revision is to be expected later, especially in the case of the large and difficult genus Polypus, which here attains a development scarcely to be sur­ passed anywhere.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution and Abundance of the Early Life Stages of Squid, Primarily Gonatidae (Cephalopoda, Oegopsida)
    Distribution and Abundance of the Early Life Stages of Squid, Primarily Gonatidae (Cephalopoda, Oegopsida). in the Northern North Pacific (Part 1) By Tsunemi Kt:BODERA Department of Zoology, National Science Museum, Tokyo and :Katharine JEFFERTS College of Oceanography, Oregon State University, Corvallis Reprinted from the BULLETIN OF THE NATIONAL SCIENCE MUSEUM Series A (Zoology) Vol. 10, No. 3, September 22, 1984 Tokyo, Japan Bull. Natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, Ser. A, 10 (3), September 22, 1984 Distribution and Abundance of the Early Life Stages of Squid, Primarily Gonatidae (Cephalopoda, Oegopsida), in the Northern North Pacific (Part I) By Tsunemi KUBODERA Department of Zoology, National Science Museum, Tokyo and Katharine JEFFERTS College of Oceanography, Oregon State University, Corvallis Abstract Cephalopods collected with micronekton nets in the Subarctic North Pacific are shown to be primarily young stages of the family Gonatidae. Regional and seasonal changes of abundance of cephalopods in the northern North Pacific are discussed. A pattern of low winter abundance with a rapid early summer increase and gradual autumn decrease is evident. Distribution patterns of species in the family Gonatidae show good correlation with large scale oceanographic features. The distribution types include pan-Subarctic forms of two kinds, including and excluding the Sea of Okhotsk; northeastern Pacific endemics; California Current endemics; western Sub­ arctic endemics; and species localized within the Sea of Okhotsk. The Sea of Okhotsk and California Current showed distinctive fauna! and gonatid species composition. Species of the family Gonatidae are classified into four groups according to the geo­ graphical pattern of relative abundance of the early life stages.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Cephalopoda Primary Types
    Ver. 2 March 2017 RECENT CEPHALOPOD PRIMARY TYPE SPECIMENS: A SEARCHING TOOL Compiled by Michael J. Sweeney Introduction. This document was first initiated for my personal use as a means to easily find data associated with the ever growing number of Recent cephalopod primary types. (Secondary types (paratypes, etc) are not included due to the large number of specimens involved.) With the excellent resources of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution and the help of many colleagues, it grew in size and became a resource to share with others. Along the way, several papers were published that addressed some of the problems that were impeding research in cephalopod taxonomy. A common theme in each paper was the need to locate and examine types when publishing taxonomic descriptions; see Voss (1977:575), Okutani (2005:46), Norman and Hochberg (2005b:147). These publications gave me the impetus to revive the project and make it readily available. I would like to thank the many individuals who assisted me with their time and knowledge, especially Clyde Roper, Mike Vecchione, Eric Hochberg and Mandy Reid. Purpose. This document should be used as an aid for finding the location of types, type names, data, and their publication citation. It is not to be used as an authority in itself or to be cited as such. The lists below will change over time as more research is published and ambiguous names are resolved. It is only a search aid and data from this document should be independently verified prior to publication. My hope is that this document will make research easier and faster for the user.
    [Show full text]
  • How the Giant Squid, Architeuthis Dux, Maneuver Long Tentacles for Hunting
    Central Annals of Marine Biology and Research Bringing Excellence in Open Access Research Article *Corresponding author Tsunemi Kubodera, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-005, How the Giant Squid, Japan; Tel: 81-29-853-8344 Fax: 81-29-853-8998; Email: [email protected] Architeuthis Dux, Maneuver Submitted: 07 January 2021 Accepted: 09 March 2021 Published: 31 March 2021 Long Tentacles for Hunting Copyright © 2021 Kubodera T, et al. Tsunemi Kubodera1*, Yasuhiro Koyama2 and Wen-Sung Chung3 1Curator Emeritus, National Museum of Nature and Science, Japan ISSN: 2573-105X 2Executive Producer, NHK ENTERPRISES (NEP), Department of Nature & Science OPEN ACCESS Program, Japan 3Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Australia Keywords • Mesopelagic habitat Abstract • Twilight zone • Giant squid Having a large body, long tentacles, sharp beak and sucker ring teeth to battle against • Hunting behaviour a sperm whale in deep water makes the giant squid, Architeuthis dux, capture imaginations • Tentacles and constantly fire debate and interest. The hunting strategy of the giant squid in the twilight realm, particularly how to manipulate the soft and long tentacles (e.g.>5m length of a sub- adult), to catch prey, remains largely unknown. Here we present the first in situ behavioural observation of the tentacular strike of the giant squid which attempted to capture the artificial bioluminescent lure in its natural habitat (800 m depth), off Australian waters. Firstly, this footage confirmed that two long tentacles can be firmly held together by extensive paired locking apparatus (smooth-ringed suckers and knobs), along the tentacular stalks.
    [Show full text]
  • Black-Footed Albatross (Phoebastria Nigripes)
    AC4 Doc 46 Agenda Item No. 17 Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels Fourth Meeting of Advisory Committee Cape Town, South Africa, 22 – 25 August 2008 ________________________________________________________________ Species Information – Black-footed Albatross (Phoebastria nigripes) USA AC4 Doc 46 Agenda Item No. 17 Black-footed Albatross Phoebastria nigripes Albatros à pieds noirs Albatros de pata negra Ka’upu (Hawaiian) 黒足信天翁 CRITICALLY ENDANGERED ENDANGERED VULNERABLE NEAR THREATENED LEAST CONCERN NOT LISTED Sometimes referred to as black albatross, black gooney Albatros à pattes noires Albatros patinegro, Albatros pies negros TAXONOMY Order: Procellariiformes Family: Diomedeidae Genus: Phoebastria Species: nigripes Originally described as Diomedea nigripes (Audubon 1839), the American Ornithologist’s Union (AOU) temporarily placed the three North Pacific albatrosses in the subgenus Phoebastria [1,2]. Genetic analysis supported the former designation of the genus Phoebastria [3], a classification that was subsequently adopted by the AOU [4]. There are no recognized subspecies [5], but a recent study based on cyt-b mtDNA revealed significant genetic differentiation between Hawaiian and Japanese breeding populations [6]. CONSERVATION LISTINGS AND PLANS International 2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species – Endangered [7] Convention on Migratory Species - Listed in Appendix II (listed as Diomedea nigripes) [8] USA - Canada Convention for the Protection of Migratory Birds [9] USA - Mexico Convention for the Protection
    [Show full text]
  • Diel Vertical Migration of Squid in the Warm Core Ring and Cold Water Masses in the Transition Region of the Western North Pacific
    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 315: 187–197, 2006 Published June 13 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Diel vertical migration of squid in the warm core ring and cold water masses in the transition region of the western North Pacific Hikaru Watanabe1, 5,*, Tsunemi Kubodera2, Masatoshi Moku3, Kouichi Kawaguchi4 1National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries, 5-7-1 Orido Shimizu, Shizuoka 424-8633, Japan 2National Science Museum, 3-23-1 Hyakunin-cho Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan 3National Fisheries University, 2-7-1 Nagata-Honmachi, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 759-6595, Japan 4Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, 1-15-1 Minamidai, Nakano, Tokyo 164-8639, Japan 5Present address: National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries, 2-12-4 Fukuura Kanazawa Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan ABSTRACT: We examined the diel vertical migration of squid (dorsal mantle length 21 to 490 mm) in warm core ring (WCR) and cold water mass (CW) areas in the transition region of the western North Pacific. A total of 28 squid species belonging to 23 genera, 2 octopus species from 2 genera, and 1 vampyrmorph Vampyroteuthis infernalis were captured from depths of 20 to 700 m by day and night sampling using a commercial otter trawl. Three patterns of diel vertical migration were recognized for 11 of the squid species. (1) Migrant, in which day and night habitats are clearly separated with peak abundance deeper than 300 m during the day and shallower than 300 m at night: Gonatopsis borealis, Gonatus berryi, Gonatus onyx, Eucleoteuthis luminosa, Onychoteuthis banksii, Enoplo- teuthis chunii, and Watasenia scintillans. (2) Semi-migrant, in which part of the population migrates to the upper 100 m at night from its daytime habitat of 500 to 600 m, while the remainder of the pop- ulation mainly remains in the daytime habitat: O.
    [Show full text]
  • Fatty Acid Variation in Beluga (Delphinapterus Leucas) Blubber: Implications for Estimating Diet Using Fatty Acids
    Fatty acid variation in beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) blubber: implications for estimating diet using fatty acids Heather R. Smith A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2009 Program Authorized to Offer Degree: School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of Washington Graduate School This is to certify that I have examined this copy of a doctoral dissertation by Heather R. Smith and have found that it is complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that any and all revisions required by the final examining committee have been made. Chair of the Supervisory Committee: ___________________________________________ Glenn R. VanBlaricom Reading Committee: ___________________________________________ Glenn R. VanBlaricom ___________________________________________ Brian S. Fadely ___________________________________________ Sara J. Iverson August 2009 In presenting this dissertation in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the doctoral degree at the University of Washington, I agree that the Library shall make its copies freely available for inspection. I further agree that extensive copying of the dissertation is allowable only for scholarly purposes, consistent with “fair use” as prescribed in the U.S. Copyright Law. Requests for copying or reproduction of this dissertation may be referred to ProQuest Information and Learning, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346, 1-800-521-0600, to whom the author has granted “the right to reproduce and sell (a) copies of the manuscript in microform and/or (b) printed copies of the manuscript made from microform.” Signature________________________ Date________________________ University of Washington Abstract Fatty acid variation in beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) blubber: implications for estimating diet using fatty acids Heather R.
    [Show full text]
  • Stomach Contents of Seven Short-Tailed Albatross Phoebastria Albatrus in the Eastern North Pacific and Bering Sea
    Walker et al.: Diet of Short-tailed Albatross 169 STOMACH CONTENTS OF SEVEN SHORT-TAILED ALBATROSS PHOEBASTRIA ALBATRUS IN THE EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC AND BERING SEA WILLIAM A. WALKER1, SHANNON M. FITZGERALD2 & PAUL W. COLLINS3 1National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way N.E., Seattle, WA 98115, USA ([email protected]) 2Resource Ecology and Fisheries Management Division, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way N.E., Seattle, WA 98115, USA 3Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, 2559 Puesta Del Sol Road, Santa Barbara, CA 93105, USA Received 20 February 2015, accepted 21 April 2015 Information about the relationship between any marine bird and Service (NMFS) North Pacific Observer Program, which monitors its food web is critical to assessing or monitoring population Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus and Sablefish Anoplopona fimbria status. Changes in the food web structure over time can be a long-line fisheries operating in the eastern Bering Sea shelf region major determining factor in population growth. In addition, a and the Aleutian islands. The federal biological opinions for the species’ position in the food web is largely determined by whether endangered Short-tailed Albatross have required NMFS to retain it is a predator or scavenger. While the foraging habitat use and birds that were incidentally taken in the groundfish fisheries (USFWS movements of the endangered Short-tailed Albatross Phoebastria 2003). The other albatross was a fresh-dead beach-cast specimen albatrus has been well documented, there is a lack of definitive found on the central California coast (Table 1).
    [Show full text]