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Prepared For The Horsefly River State of the Watershed Report Volume II-Stage II Of A Watershed Based Fish Sustainability Plan Prepared For: The Horsefly River Watershed Roundtable PO Box 83 Horsefly, BC V0L 1L0 Report Prepared By: Richard Holmes MSc. RPBio. QEP PO Box 174, Likely, BC, V0L 1N0 March 31, 2009 The Horsefly River-State of the Watershed Report March 31, 2009 Acknowledgements Cariboo Envirotech Ltd. would like to thank the Horsefly River Watershed for the administration and provision of funding for this project. Additionally we would like to thank the Fraser Basin Council and the Pacific Salmon Foundation’s Fraser Salmon and Watersheds Program for their funding to the Roundtable. A special thank you goes out to Fisheries and Oceans Canada biologist Judy Hillaby and BC Ministry of Environment biologist Rob Dolighan whose contributions were vast and enabled the report to be completed with accurate data. An additional thank you for their time spent at Technical Committee meetings as well. We would also like to thank the other members of the Technical Committee, Stewardship Coordinator and ecologist Sue Hemphill, Barry Booth of the Land Conservancy of BC, Ecosystems Specialist Geoff Price of the BC Ministry of Environment, Mike Simpson of the Fraser Basin Council, riparian specialist and biologist Richard Case, Bernie Elkins of the Xatsu’ll First Nation, Andrew Mishue, Gord Sterritt and Andrea Menard of the Northern Shuswap Tribal Council. Additionally we would like to thank Tracy Bond for her efforts as the Horsefly River Roundtable coordinator and her participation on the Technical Committee. We would also like to express our gratitude to the following people who contributed documents, advice and/or guidance during the information research of this report. Bruce MacLeod Horsefly Citizen and Roundtable Member Marco Sylvain BC Timber Sales Nicola Freeman BC Ministry of Environment Pat Teti BC Ministry of Forests Mike Ramsay BC Ministry of Environment Mauro Calabrese West Fraser Timber Co. Ryan Grady Tolko Indutries Ltd. Ernie Schmid West Fraser Timber Co. Owen Chelsea Xatsu’ll First Nation Arnold Jenner Cariboo Regional District Peter Nicklin Upper Fraser Fisheries Conservation Alliance Intierra Resource Intelligence Mapping Any opinions expressed in this document are solely those of the author. Richard Holmes MSc. RPBio. QEP Cariboo Envirotech Ltd. 2 The Horsefly River-State of the Watershed Report March 31, 2009 Executive Summary The Horsefly River Roundtable (HRR) initiated a Watershed-based Fish Sustainability Plan (WFSP) for their watershed in 2007. This ongoing process designed by the Province of British Columbia and the Canadian governments endeavors to bring together the many voices concerned with the conservation of fish and fish habitat. The WFSP identifies watershed priorities to conserve and enhance fish and fish habitat and encourages stewardship from many sectors including First Nations, government, anglers, conservation groups, organizations and individuals. The WFSP is designed to compliment other planning documents in place for a watershed and is intended to be flexible in application although a guidebook has been prepared to guide proponents such as the HRR. The ongoing WFSP involved the creation of a Technical Committee whose role is to provide information and advice to the HRR. In autumn 2008 the Technical Committee decided to provide the HRR with this State of the Watershed report as a means to determine health of fish stocks in the watershed and the positive and negative influences on this valuable resource. The report offers information on population estimates and related trends for sockeye, coho, chinook salmon, kokanee and rainbow trout. It provides the reader with a forecast of salmon run sizes for 2009 for comparative purposes and information on the interaction of all species in the Horsefly River and Quesnel Lake. Additionally the report details the enhancement and monitoring initiatives that are or have occurred in the drainage, and provides the reader with background data on the value of fish stocks in the Horsefly River watershed. The report also discusses the possible negative anthropogenic influences on fish and fish habitat in the drainage as well as natural events that can be detrimental to the health of the local fish stocks. In closing, the report offers the reader the primary watershed concerns that may be affecting the resource and related recommendations that will conserve and enhance the fish and fish habitat of the Horsefly River watershed. 3 The Horsefly River-State of the Watershed Report March 31, 2009 Figure 1. Horsefly River Watershed 4 The Horsefly River-State of the Watershed Report March 31, 2009 Table of Contents Acknowledgements 2 Executive Summary 3 Overview Map 4 1.0 Introduction 10 1.1 The Horsefly River Watershed Roundtable 10 1.2 Watershed Based Fish Sustainability Plans 10 1.3 The State of the Watershed Report 11 1.4 The Horsefly River Watershed 11 2.0 Up to Date Fish Stock Status and trends over time 13 2.1 Sockeye Salmon 13 2.2 Chinook Salmon 15 2.3 Coho Salmon 16 2.4 Rainbow Trout 17 2.5 Stream Type Kokanee 18 3.0 Fisheries Enhancement and Monitoring 19 3.1 Historic Perspective 19 3.2 Sockeye Hatchery 20 3.3 Sockeye Airlift 21 3.4 McKinley Siphon 22 3.5 Sockeye Spawning Channel 23 3.6 Quesnel River Hatchery 24 3.7 The Land Conservancy – Horsefly River 25 3.8 Creel Surveys 26 3.9 Aerial Flights 26 3.10 Small Lakes Stocking 26 4.0 Population Assessment Structures 26 4.1 Mckinley Creek Resistivity Counter 27 4.2 Mckinley Creek Coho Fence 28 4.3 Horsefly River Didson Counter 30 4.4 Sockeye Spawning Channel Fence 30 5.0 Use of Fisheries Resource 31 5.1 Freshwater Sport Fishery 31 5 The Horsefly River-State of the Watershed Report March 31, 2009 5.2 Ocean Salmon Fishery 32 5.3 Commercial Salmon Fishery 33 5.4 First Nation Salmon Fishery 34 6.0 Horsefly River Kokanee-Sockeye Influences 36 7.0 Watershed Research 37 7.1 Nutrient Cycling Processes - Sam Albers 38 7.2 Hydrometeorological Processes - Dr. Stephen Dery 38 7.3 Alternative Mining Technology-Catherine Henry 38 7.4 Coho Spawning Site Locations-Crystal McRae 39 7.5 Landscape Disturbances-Dr. Phil Owens 39 7.6 Sediment Movement-Dr. Ellen L Petticrew 39 7.7 Floculation in Nutrient delivery-John Rex 40 7.8 Impact of Land Use Activities-Ty Smith 40 7.9 Juvenile Coho Habitat-Kyla Warren 40 8.0 Water Licenses 41 9.0 Independent Power Production 42 10.0 Forestry 43 11.0 Mining 44 12.0 Agriculture 45 13.0 Urban Development 46 14.0 Recreation 47 15.0 Climate Change 48 16.0 Concerns and Recommendations 49 6 The Horsefly River-State of the Watershed Report March 31, 2009 List of Tables Table 1 Escapements of Sockeye for Horsefly and Fraser Rivers Page 13 Table 2 Escapements of Chinook salmon to the Horsefly and Quesnel Rivers Page 15 Table 3 Annual Coho Escapements for the Horsefly River and McKinley Creek Populations Page 16 Table 4 B.C. Capture Salmon Wholesale Value ($millions) 1998 – 2007 Page 34 Table 5 2005 First Nations Food Fishery Sockeye Harvest (Post-season) Page 35 List of Figures Figure 1 Horsefly River Watershed Map Page 4 Figure 2 Horsefly Sockeye Proportion of Fraser Total by Cycle year Average Page 12 Figure 3 Horsefly River Sockeye Cyclical Dominance Page 14 Figure 4 Horsefly River Sockeye Dominant Cycle Page 15 Figure 5 Mean adjusted densities Horsefly River Mainstem 1987-2003 Page 18 Figure 6 Number of Quesnel Lake stream spawners over time (1.5 conversion used) Page 19 Figure 7 Quesnel Field Station located at Horsefly Lake Page 20 Figure 8 Rearing ponds at Quesnel Field Station Page 21 Figure 9 Upstream view of McKinley Dam with fishway on the right Page 22 Figure 10 Downstream view of McKinley Dam in May 2008 Page 23 7 The Horsefly River-State of the Watershed Report March 31, 2009 Figure 11 Upstream view of the spawning channel showing the valve house Page 24 Figure 12 Resistivity counter located in McKinley Creek Page 27 Figure 13 Rainbow trout photographed at McKinley Creek resistivity counter Page 28 Figure 14 McKinley Creek coho fence Page 29 Figure 15 Sockeye fence and DIDSON counter on the lower Horsefly River Page 30 Figure 16 Sockeye diversion fence on the Horsefly River allowing fish passage Page 31 Figure 17 Conceptual Diagram representing the linkages between salmon and nutrient cycling in lake ecosystems Page 37 List of Appendices Appendix A Horsefly River Timeline Chart Appendix B Horsefly River Angling Management Plan Appendix C Sockeye Salmon Appendix D 2009 Salmon Stock Outlet Appendix E Chinook Salmon Appendix F Coho Salmon Appendix G Stock Management Report No. 17 Appendix H Horsefly River Riparian Conservation Area (HRRCA) Overview Appendix I HRRCA Management Plan Appendix J Horsefly River Creel Surveys 8 The Horsefly River-State of the Watershed Report March 31, 2009 Appendix K Cariboo Historic Lake Stockings Report 2003-2007 Appendix L Sport Fishing Institute of BC Presentation-Senate Committee Appendix M Fraser River Sockeye Distribution for 2004 Appendix N Watershed Research Resources Appendix O Water Licenses on Named Streams Appendix P Independent Power Producers (IPP) of British Columbia Appendix Q IPP in BC-An Interagency Guidebook for Proponents Appendix R Green Hydro Power-Watershed Watch Appendix S Forest Development Plan Map Appendix T Pine Leading Stands Map Appendix U Mining Information and Quesnel Trough Map Appendix V Agricultural Land Reserve Map Appendix W Climate Change and Pacific Fisheries Appendix XYZ Smallmouth Bass Report 9 The Horsefly River-State of the Watershed Report March 31, 2009 1.0 Introduction 1.1 The Horsefly River Watershed Roundtable The Horsefly River Watershed Roundtable was conceived during the fall of 2006 with its inaugural meeting scheduled for February 15, 2007.
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