PANCHO VILLA Hero Or Villian? by W

CONTENTS

Volume 27 Number 1

JANUARY, 1964

This Month's Cover Photo by Darwin Van Campen taken in Chirichua National Monument in southeastern Arizona along the trail to Heart-of-Rocks.

6 New Books for Desert Readers

8 The Joys of Beast Watching By HARRY C. JAMES

10 Choose a Cholla By JANICE BEATY

12 Trip of the Month By RICHARD C. BAILEY

15 Pancho Villa, Hero or Villain? THESE PIN-UPS OF THE PAST WHICH BROUGHT WARMTH TO AN UNKNOWN PROSPECTOR WERE FOUND BY IRENE J. BRENNAN, ON THE WALL OF AN OLD MINING SHACK NEAR SEARCHLIGHT, By W. THETFORD LE VINESS NEVADA. THE BOULDER CITY, NEVADA PHOTOGRAPHER, WHO WON THE FIRST PRIZE IN DESERT'S DECEMBER PHOTO CONTEST, SEEMS TO CAPTURE THE SPIRIT OF THE DESERT IN HER PICTURES. 18 Siberian Red's Lost Ledge By CARL MACUR THE SOUTHWEST IN JANUARY By JACK PEPPER 21 The Desert SALTON SEA SAGA. Water level of Salton Sea, the Southern Cali- By VIC STOYANOW fornia salt water resort lake, is the highest it has been in 10 years, according to the Coachella Valley County Water District. It rose from 22 Juan Flaco's Fantastic Ride 233.88 to 232.88 feet below sea level during the past 12 months. Be- By GARY ROBERTS cause of the many conflicting and often erroneous reports and rumors concerning Salton Sea, DESERT MAGAZINE is preparing an article 26 Bottles Bottles Everywhere on the area. By GRACE KENDRICK ADVENTUROUS AUTHOR. One of the most interesting authors we have met for some time dropped by the office recently. Dean Hobbs 28 Treasures of Treasure Mountain Blanchard just returned from Madagascar and Mauritius where he By RAYE PRICE gathered material and photographs for another book. His current book, "Ecuador, Crown Jewel of the Andes" tells of his adventures 30 Desert Cookery with his wife and their two-year-old daughter during their two year By LUCILLE I. CARLESON stay in the Andes during which they lived with the natives and even visited the Jivaro head-hunters. The author speaks Spanish, Portu- 32 Jellyfish on the Desert By CHORAL PEPPER DESERT is published monthly by Desert Magazine, Palm Desert, Calif. Second Class I tage paid at Palm Desert, Calif., and at addit 37 Desert Camera offices under Act of March 3, 1879. Title registered No. 358865 in U. S. Patent Offic and contents copyrighted 1963 by Desert Mi must be secured from the editor in writing. SUBSCRIPTION PRICE: $4.50 per es) in the U. S-; $5 elsewhere. Allow five weeks for change By FRANK JENSEN of address, and be sure to send the old as well as new address.

38 Last of the Shastans To subscribe, or to give a DESERT gift subscription, use the coupon on page 5 NATIONAL ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVES: By J. O. McKINNEY Arden E. Roney & Associates 580 South San Vicente Blvd., Los Angeles 48, California. Phone: 651-3930 NEW YORK-41 E. 42nd St. 986 0625 CHICAGO-35 E. Wacker Dr. 782 7790 39 Survival in the Desert SAN FRANCISCO—149 California St. 981 0848 BOSTON—751 Main St. 889 3475 DETROIT—424 Book Bldg. 961 5240 MIAfVll-208 Almeria Ave. 444 8326 42 Letters from our Readers JACK PEPPER, publisher CHORAL PEPPER, editor AL MERRYMAN, artist Back Cover Address Correspondence To: Photo courtesy Utah Publicity Council. Navajo Lake near Cedar City, Utah. Desert Magazine, Palm Desert, Calii. 92260 Phone: FI 6-8144 NOW IS THE TIME guese, German, French and has a knowledge of Greek and the Mun- to order your durucu Indian tongue in addition to having studied Egyptian heirogly- OATMAH phics, Gaelic and Japanese. "Ecua- dor" is published by Vantage Press. — ARIZONA — BINDER WILDERNESS AREA UPHELD. An SCENIC BEAUTY application to build a ski lift in the Mt. San Gorgonio Wilderness Area FIRE AGATE FIELDS For Desert Magazine's has been rejected by the United States Forest Service. A previous MOVIE SETS VOLUME 27 application in 1957 by another de- Please consider this your invitation to visit this veloper was also turned down. Al- fascinating corner of the West . . . though San Gorgonio Ski Lifts, Inc. OATMAN - GOIDROADS indicated an appeal may be made, CHAMBER OF COMMERCE a Forest spokesman said the deci- 1964 sion is "final." JANUARY CALENDAR. Dec. 26-Jan. Build a Cover Toot' 1—Southwestern Sun Carnival, El Paso, Texas. 5—Polar Bear Regatta, Canyon Lake, Phoenix. 8—Tour of Churches on Gila Reservation. (Meet • Keeps at Southwest Gas Co., 9 a.m., Cool- children safe lidge, Ariz.) 8-12—Western Seniors — dirt out Golf Rodeo, Wickenburg, Ariz. 10-12 • Keeps heat and —Don's Club Travelcade, Hermosillo chemicals in and Guaymas. 12—Open Gym- • Rolls up in 30 seconds in recess that is khana, Western Saddle Club, Phoe- flush with pool deck nix. 17-18—Blue Ribbon Tennis // you wouldn't build a house without a REFERENCE LIBRARY roof . . you shouldn't build a swimming Springs. 18-19—Tule Gem and Min- pool without an automatic SAVE-T COVER. eral Society Annual mid - winter BEFORE YOU BUILD YOUR POOL, WRITE show, Municipal Auditorium, Visa- FOR FREE BROCHURE 81 % of our readers save their DES- lia, Calif. 26—Rodeo at Flying E, Please Check One: ERT Magazines for future reference Wickenburg, Ariz. 31-Feb. 2—Par- Now have pool - - __ • ada del Sol, Phoenix. Golf Tourna- and reading pleasure. The best way Plan to build pool • ments throughout Coachella Valley Please Indicate: to keep your back issues is in our all month. Check with Imperial Shape of Pool— Valley Development Agency, Im- attractive specially-made loose-leaf perial, California for dates of the Maximum Width- BINDERS. Cattlemen and Sheepmen Golf Tour- COVER-POOLS. INC. nament at Brawley, and the Square 3660 South 9th East Dance Festival at El Centra. Salt Lake City 6, Utah Gold embossed on Spanish Grain Imi- tation Leather. Space for 12 maga- DESERT Subscription Service zines easily inserted. A beautiful and r practical addition to your home book- ( Enter a Subscription fj To Change Your Address shelf. Magazines are no longer forwarded by the post office when you move. To insure uninterrupted I Address Change Only • delivery please attach your magazine address label here and print your new address below. ONLY

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THE QUIET CRISIS and the forces that have despoiled the only through a knowledge of ecology By Secretary Stewart Udall land through the last 300 years, caus- can man survive and build a better ing poverty, billions upon billions of life. As John Muir stated at the turn "One of the paradoxes of Ameri- dollars of waste and contributing to of the century: can society is that while our economic depressions and an "ugly America" is "Climb the mountains and get standard of living has become the a clarion call to be heard by every their good tidings. Nature's peace envy of the world, our environmental person interested in the future of his standard has steadily declined. We will flow into you as sunshine flows are better housed, better nourished, family and the country. into trees. The winds will blow their and better entertained, but we are own freshness into you and the not better prepared to inherit the It is a powerful presentation which storms their energy, while cares will earth or to carry on the pursuit of should and does destroy the complai- drop off like autumn leaves." happiness." sance and euphoria of those who believe the relationship between man Published by Holt, Rinehart and This is one of the many powerful and land is in balance and those who Winston, the hard bound, 209 page and lo-the-point observations made by believe science of the modern day will volume is beautifully illustrated with Secretary of the Interior Stewart L. solve the problems of conservation of four-color photographs. Price $5.00. Udall in the last two summation the sea and earth. chapters of his new book, "The Quiet Crisis." Starting with the "Birth of Land Policy" under Thomas Jefferson, INDIANS-AS THE WESTERNERS With an introduction by the late Udall describes the constant uphill SAW THEM President John F. Kennedy, THE and many times futile battle of men By Ralph W. Andrews QUIET CRISIS traces the Myth of who saw the fallacy of the Myth of Superabundance from the time our Superabundance. The struggles of With an entirely different approach forefathers landed on the western Henry Thoreau and the Naturalists, to the subject of Indians, Mr. An- hemisphere to the present day when John James Audubon, George Per- drews has used letters, documents, we live under the Myth of Scientific kins Marsh, Carl Schurz, John Wesley personal records, manuscripts and Supremacy. Powell, Gifford Pinchot, John Muir, stories told by eyewitnesses to describe Presidents Theodore and Franklin the true situation which existed be- "America today stands poised on a Roosevelt and Frederick Law Olm- tween white settlers caught between pinnacle of wealth and power, yet sted to awaken the people are vividly an inept government policy and the we live in a land of vanishing beauty, described. Also cited are the many bewildered Indians of the Northern of increasing ugliness, of shrinking organizations contributing toward Plains. open space, and of an over-all envir- the awareness, such as the Sierra Club, onment that has diminished daily by Wilderness Society and the Desert An exceptional collection of photos pollution and noise and blight. This, Protective Council. illustrates pole burials and other rare- in brief, is the quiet conservation ly published customs of the Sioux, crisis of the 1960s," he states in the In each case just as the uphill battle Crows, Cheyennes, Oglala and Sho- book which he started shortly after was being won, the nation would be shone tribes. The true story of the becoming Secretary of the Interior. plunged into a war, destroying the Wounded Knee massacre and a sur- grounds gained for conservation and prising slant related to Custer's last Whether you are a Democrat or planned use of our natural resources. stand are among revelations exposed. a Republican and whether you agree or disagree with Secretary Udall's pro- THE QUIET CRISIS is a vital A new concept in the art of scalp- posed solution to the water problems plea for man to realize and value the ing is also introduced. Mr. Andrews of the west, his book on conservation power of nature and a warning that claims that in the Old World scalp-

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the of Till HAVE ABSOLUTELY nothing on our rather slender pocketbook. it. Dr. William Woodin of the Ari- against bird-watching. Some of my No Yosemite garbage bears and deer zona-Sonora Desert Museum near I best friends are bird-watchers. In for us, if you please. Tucson tells us that theirs don't recent years I have even watched a either. Their failure to live up to bird or two myself. But that's all in We never had determined which books can not be due to drought, for the past. Now I am a truly dedicated arrived first at the relatively new the small pool at the foot of our food beast-watcher. pond below us made by the damming of a creek that flowed through our rock is always kept full and they It began when we moved to a log property, the frogs or the raccoons. could make use of it easily. cabin in the San Jacinto Mountains Before the place became a veritable On the other hand, they all go and I built a small pool near the frog paradise there were raccoons, through a strange hand shuffling of kitchen window as a catch basin for but they were far from common. Once all their food before they decide to the overflow from our spring. Im- the frogs really took over the raccoons eat it. As their extremely sensitive mediately the birds took it over, using flooded in, in a noble effort, we pre- and supple hands are working with it, in the manner of their kind, as sume, to help nature establish some the food they gaze off into space as both drinking and bathing pool. One sort of balance in the control of what if their fingers were telling them evening, having a few table scraps left the scientist calls an "exotic", for the more about it than their eyes or nose from dinner, we threw them on a bullfrog is certainly not a native of would, or could. rock back of the pool, thinking the these parts. omnivorous and demanding blue Come to think of it, one raccoon jays would enjoy them in the morn- In short order the raccoons took did wash, or rather soak, his food on ing. In the morning they were gone, over, and they took over us, too. One one rather embarrassing occasion. I but in a patch of soft sand was the summer night a group of nine of had made a fine husky loaf of whole footprint of a raccoon. them suddenly appeared on and wheat bread, but I forgot to put the around the bait rock to see what yeast in it. The result was what in And so we became beast-watchers. hors d'oeuvres might be available. texture, solidity, and weight could The back porch light was shifted by Within a matter of weeks they were have passed for an exceptionally well a tool-wise neighbor so as to light up evincing an interest in everything made fire brick. I ventured to put the top of the rock and enable us to that went on inside the house. Two it on the rock. The next morning I watch from inside the kitchen win- of them even sat on a table outside found it at the edge of the creek dow, and henceforth all dinner scraps our livingroom and watched tele- where a wise raccoon had evidently were carefully saved for whatever wild vision when the set happened to be left it to soak over night. It stayed appetites might savor them. turned partially their way. They be- there all that day, but the following came far too tame for their own good. morning there was not a wet crumb We know better than to want to Eventually we had to shoo them off of it. No harmful effects, so far as make tame animals of wild ones, so while we deposited the evening's we know! from the beginning we determined viands. we would not "feed" them, but only Now not only raccoons come to the bait them. They must never become The raccoons that haunted our neck bait rock. Foxes, skunks, coyotes, and dependent upon us. We wanted no of the woods belied the ancient belief bobcats have decided there must be animal welfare state on our hands or that they wash all food before eating something in—no, on—it for them. many qms da y&u see By Harry C. James in fiants? .... $0t enou

Although I am not much of a shut- was one of those nights, of course, ter bug, I decided it was time to try when I had no film for the camera. for a few pictures. Putting the family camera on an ancient wooden tri- A coyote always comes alone and pod that I felt could withstand be- usually on a circling run. He ing rubbed against by an eager rac- snatches up a mouthful of the bait coon, I attached a long rubber tube and is off with it before you are even to the shutter release, or whatever sure that you have seen him. The that gadget is called, and ran it into raccoons rarely come when a coyote the kitchen through a crack in the is about. They seem able to sense back door. I was all set—provided his presence in some way and that that everything worked as the instruc- night stay home in the hollow of tion book said it would. It didn't. A their oak tree or in their rocky cave. few flash bulbs went off and served Again, the exception to the rule. to scare me more than the animals. One evening a raccoon was enjoying The coyotes liked the flash least of the snack bar when in circled a coy- all and would stay away for several ote. The raccoon withdrew, but with nights after being subjected to it. The no apparent haste. The coyote linger- raccoons, though, took the flash bulbs ed longer than usual, it seemed, and in their stride. It was easy to imagine then was off. The camera and flash that they enjoyed being photograph- were in position, and I was deter- ed, for frequently they seemed to mined to get a picture if he ventured strike a pose. back. He returned within minutes. Just as I squeezed the bulb the rac- In general the behavior of the coon dashed in with ringed tail all-a- coyotes and the bobcats is in marked bristle and back up to drive off the contrast with that of the raccoons. A coyote. It was a felicitous moment bobcat wanders in in what appears and the ensuing picture caught both lilac, light blue, to be rather bored fashion, as if he of them. yellow, orange, had all the time in the world and shocking. hunger was never a problem. Often In bird-watching you pretty well he sniffs over the bait in gourmet know what you may chance to see, ORDER BY MAIL style and then with due deliberation but beast-watching holds some great Check or Money Order selects one morsel which he deigns to surprises. Now that the scalp fee has eat ?s leisurely as a true epicure. One been taken off mountain lions, per- evening a large rust-red beauty ap- haps some night the largest of our peared, stretched, yawned, and pro- cats may wander in to savor our food ceeded to take a brief snooze, a cat and, if I am lucky, fall prey to my nap, on top of a nearby rock in full camera and flash bulb. Beast-watch- 72 SOUTH MAIN view of the kitchen window. That ing's all for me! /// SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH

January, 1964 / Desert Magazine / 9 W////////////////////////////////////////W/M//J///////////// AVE YOU ever noticed how cer- Dominating the Southwest are the tain plants seem to typify cer- Cane Chollas, also called Staghorn or H tain parts of our country? The Buckhorn for their antlered appear- coconut palm embodies the tropical ance. They may grow to ten feet or rhythm of Hawaii. The stately elm more and bear large showy flowers. stands for proud New England, and C. imbricata in Texas and New Mex- the sturdy cottonwood for the rugged ico and C. spinosior in Arizona pro- West. duce yellow fruits that are often mis- taken for blossoms at a distance. The So it is that our own Southwest large C. acanthocarpa of California might be symbolized by a cactus. Not is an especially attractive plant with the common prickly pear . . . for it its tan-sheathed spines glistening in is just as abundant in Florida. Nor the desert sun. C. versicolor is an the giant saguaro ... for it is too outstanding Arizona Staghorn be- exclusively Arizona's. But choose a cause of its stems which turn red or cholla (CHO-yah), and you have the purple come winter. near-perfect symbol. holla Most of these chollas are also,noted Like our desert lands, the cholla for the variety in their blooms. Colors is forbidding but beautiful. Like range from greenish-yellow to deep them, its value more often lies hidden from all but the most perceptive purple. One photographer recorded by and perservering. It is common on sixty distinct shades from sixty differ- arid lands, yet distinctively of the ent C. versicolor blossoms in a single Janice J. Beaty Southwest. And its dozens of varieties area. encompass the many diversities that But largest of all is Arizona's Chain make up our land of the sun. The Fruit Cholla, C. fulgida. Covering ex- creeping Snake Cactus, the fuzzy Ted- tensive areas between Phoenix and dy Bear and the antlered Staghorn Tucson, it often grows to twelve feet ... all are chollas. and seems to be weeping in long All the chollas share the special drooping chains of fruit. Each year characterisic of the species: cylindrical its blooms appear on the previous joints and many branches. Here the year's fruit and eventually develop similarity ends, for each kind dis- into additional links on these strange plays its own uniqueness. fruit chains. Because its joints shake off easily, it is considered one of the With the Pencil Cactus, it is an overabundance of names. Its stems "Jumping Cactuses." are of course as thin as a pencil. From Most chollas will sprout new plants 1. STAG HORN CHOLLA (C. versicolor) IS A the diamond-shaped tubercles on these from any detached joint, but if you COMMON CHOLLA WITH BLOSSOMS WHICH stems comes the name Diamond Cac- plan to start one in your cactus gar- VARY FROM YELLOW-GREEN TO PURPLE. lus. While its long distinctive spines 2. CANE CHOLLA (C. spinosior) IS COVERED den, here is a tip: if you plant the WITH DENSE SPINES WHICH PROVIDE PRO- give rise to the title Darning-needle joint upright as it would seem natural TECTION FOR THE CACTUS WREN WHOSE NEST Cactus, its bright scarlet "berries" to do, the resulting chollas may be IS AT THE TOP OF THE PLANT. 3. PENCIL OR borne in December dub it Christmas very stubby. But if planted horizon- CHRISTMAS CACTUS (C. Leptocaulis) IS A Cactus. The unusual branching of .STRANGE CHOLLA RESEMBLING A DEAD BUSH tally the way it would actually land its stems on top in the shape of a UNTIL DECEMBER WHEN ITS RED "BERRIES" after falling from a parent plant, your BRIGHTEN THE DESERT. 4. SMOOTH CHAIN cross give it still another label: Holy- FRUIT CHOLLA (Cylindropuntia fulgida var. cross. Cylindropuntia leptocautis is cholla will grow a normal trunk. mamillata) IS THE SAME AS THE CHAIN FRUIT the Texas-New Mexico-Arizona form, VARIETY, EXCEPT THAT ITS STEMS ARE QUITE All chollas have long been notori- SPINELESS. NEW FRUIT GROWS FROM THE ENDS while C. rarnosissima is its California- ous for their treacherous spines, and OF OLD FRUIT UNTIL A LONG CHAIN IS FORMED Nevada counterpart. none is a worse offender than the

3. deceptively cuddly - looking Teddy Bear Cactus, C. bigelovii. "Look but don't touch," should be the by-word of all who would savor a cholla. Some- how its joints always end up on trou- sers and sleeves and skin. But its shedding ability is merely nature's means of dispersing the species. They do not actually jump. Instead, its spines come equipped with tiny barbs which take hold at the slightest contact and whip the joint onto a passing object with such force, it feels as though it must have jumped. To many, the vast stands of Ari- zona's Teddy Bears ... or Silver Chollas as they are often called in California . . are among the unparal- leled sights of the Southwest. Silvery Complete facilities at Wahweap soon to be Completed new spines contrast sharply with the dying bottom branches which turn black after two or three years and WAHWEAP LODGE & MARINA then drop off. NOW ON LAKE POWELL When the flesh of a cholla is strip- • One-Day Trips to Rainbow Bridge and Fabulous Side Canyons ped away, it reveals perhaps its most • Scheduled Boat Trips • Boat and Motor Rentals oustanding feature: a hollow, woody • Slips and Dry Storage • Boat Fueling Facilities mesh-like skeleton. Large cholla • Marine Store • Water Skiing Equipment skeletons have long been utilized in TOTE GOTE SALES and RENTAL the Southwest for cactus lamps, canes, picture frames, napkin rings, and • Trailer Park LAKE POWELL novelties of all sorts. • Marine Store • Repair Facilities MOTEL Nor does its usefulness end there. On U. S. 89 at the Its fruits are not edible, but desert Wahweap Turnoff Indians have nevertheless gleaned some provisions from the cholla. Service They grind its tiny seeds and use them to flavor acorn meal. Dried Station cholla flower buds are also relished and Repairs as food. Still in all, the cholla has seldom been chosen a desert favorite by hu- Also Visit mans. Southwestern birds know bet- Cliff ter. Cactus wrens, ground doves, desert thrashers, and even the roadrun- Dwellers Fine Food and Cocktails ner depend upon its labryinth of Lodge Four Miles West of Glen Canyon Dam spines as a perfect protection for their twiggy homes. Perhaps we, too, need For reservations write: ART GREENE to take a second look at this distinctively Southwestern emblem. /// Canyon Tours, Inc. Wahweap Lodge & Marina, P. O. Box 1356, Page, Arizona 4.

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January, 1964 / Desert Magazine / 11 TRIP OF THE MONTH

BY RICHARD C. BAILEY

ALIFORNIANS are incurable seekers after the romantic and C unusual. This impulse con- stantly takes them off the beaten path onto terrain so unfamiliar and un- mortgage on the townsite by the own- trafficked they can occasionally en- er who had acquired it from the Sou- joy the feeling that here is a place thern Pacific for $13,000, the land that "everyone" doesn't know about. was given to the Rescue Mission of depot, and a schoolhouse from Old Such an area lies in the western Mo- Los Angeles which gained a clear title Palmdale built during the 1880's. jave Desert north of Lancaster. to the townsite in 1916. In 1935 the At 90th Street Road, a turn north Mission began selling town lots and one mile to Truman Road, then a Three miles beyond the Los An- constructed an adobe church building half mile west again brings historic geles County boundary on U.S. 6 a and parsonage called Wayside Chapel Willow Springs into view. In pre- fascinating loop trip swings west which it presented as an outright gift white days the area around the springs from Rosamond to Willow Springs, to the community. One of the early was the home of a desert Indian tribe then north through high desert coun- landmarks still standing at the corner of Shoshonean stock. This is evi- try up over historic White Oak Pass of U.S. 6 and Center Street is a frame denced by the numerous burials and to Monolith in Tehachapi Valley. building built in 1903 by John Stuc- artifacts that have been unearthed Here the route turns east again along key. Now unoccupied and pictur- here over the years. During the hal- U. S. 466 with a slight diversion at esquely weatherbeaten, it housed a cyon rancho days of Southern Cali- Horse Canyon before continuing general store, postoffice, and hotel. fornia the local water holes were well down grade to Mojave, and south known to white and Indian rustlers once more via U.S. 6 back to Rosa- Four miles west of town on Rosa- who regarded this as an important mond. mond Boulevard stands a large sign way point on the old Horsethief Trail pointing to the Burton Tropico Mine over which thundered the hooves of Rosamond, a small community and Museum, located a half mile with a present population of 5,600 thousands of head of stolen ranch north of the highway. Opened in stock enroute to their new "owner's" people, saw its beginning with the 1958, the sixty year old gold mine is coming of the Southern Pacific Rail- homes in northern California and the only such property in California Nevada. road in 1876. According to local lore where public tours are conducted it was named after the daughter of a regularly. The associated mine mu- Prior to this the springs were visit- railway official whose surname has seum below the tour area encompas- ed in 1776 by Garces, the Franciscan been lost in the haze of passing years. ses one of the most unusual assem- priest, the first known white man to Another story suggests that the name blage of mining equipment and mem- come this way. Later John Charles was derived from Rose Hill, a pro- orablia to be found in the West. Also Fremont camped here in 1845 during montory located east of the present intriguing to visitors are the early his first western expedition and de- town. Antelope Valley buildings which have scribed the site as a delightful oasis. Now the center of a thriving agri- been brought to the grounds for pre- In the 1860's Willow Springs became cultural district, Rosamond's early servation. These include a miner's a stage and freight stop between Havi- economy was based on beef cattle and cabin, a blacksmith shop, a rooming lah and Los Angeles, and a decade mining. After the foreclosure of a house, an assay office, a railroad later wagons hauling silver bullion

12 / Desert Magazine / January, 1964 x 6ilelSiei

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Less than two miles east on the south side of the highway lies Proctor Tnpici/ Lake, formerly known as N a r b o e Wllll* Sprilft* Mill/ Lake. During the 1880's large quanti- • •»•••< Blvd. Imati'W reads, "fames Henry Foley, Born } April 1, 1841, Missouri, Died Febru- ties of nearly pure salt was raked ary, 1863, Oak Creek, California." from its surface and removed on crude from the Coso Mines in Inyo County According to a local account, the wooden sledges pulled by oxen. In pulled in for layovers on the long young man, member of a party of im- later years considerable commercially haul across the desert. migrants, was stricken by small pox valuable clay and lime was extracted Then in 1895 Ezra Hamilton who while enroute to the San Joaquin from the lake bed. operated a pottery in Los Angeles and was buried in this lonely spot by A half mile east of the lake Sand came here in search of clay. In addi- his companions. Canyon Road branches in from the tion to finding the clay he sought he An additional two miles of twisting north. An excellent oiled pavement also found gold in a mine named by winds several miles into the moun- him the Lida on Tropico Hill near loops brings the traveler to the summit of Oak Creek Pass where a state tains to an intersection where Horse the present mine museum. With his Canyon enters on the right. new found wealth Hamilton pur- landmark plaque relates that this was chased Willow Springs and erected the most traveled route through the A short distance up Horse Canyon the numerous stone buildings and Tehachapi Mountains until the com- the road is blocked by a wooden gate. corrals, most of which still stand. pletion of the railroad in 1876. From Beyond this point the canyon is pri- here there is a magnificent view of vately leased. For a nominal fee rock- Willow Springs is now a state regis- Tehachapi Valley, the realm of cattle hounds can search for Horse Canyon tered historic landmark and an attrac- and sheep barons during the last cen- moss agates and other gemstones for tive stone monument can be seen tury. The fifteen mile long by seven which the canyon is renowned. The among the trees near the original mile wide basin is now a nationally site received its name shortly after springs. Picnicking is permitted but known agricultural seed producing 1900 when fossilized remains of three- souvenir hunters and vandals are area as well as the home of a revital- toed horses were unearthed here. Ad- definitely discouraged by the Nelson ized fruit industry that first began ditional finds included the bones of family who have owned the property during the 1880s. Overhead the silent prehistoric cats, camels, and antelope, in recent years. swoop of gliders are modern reminders all denizens of the area during the that this also is a training site for Returning to 90th Street Road, the middle Miocene when the canyon was America's astronauts who are here part of an arid plain. route continues north to Oak Creek learning modern reentry techniques Pass where old ranch houses and cor- following their flights into the strato- Returning to U.S. 466 the road fol- rals may be seen on either hand, most sphere. lows a downgrade through Cache of them surrounded by magnificent Creek Canyon to Mojave, itself a cottonwoods. Near the intersection of At the downhill intersection with creation of the Southern Pacific Rail- Oak Creek and Cameron Roads on U.S. 178 our course bends east a road which established its shops here a small eminence stands a white picket short distance to Monolith, site of the in 1876. By reason of its unique lo- fence surrounding a grave plot. Af- cement plant from which the name is cation the community was successively fixed to the fence is a plaque which derived. a rail terminus of the famed Death

January, 1964 / Desert Magazine / 13 TRIP OF THE MONTH SPECIAL CLEARANCE SALE Metal Detectors Valley 20-mule team borax outfits during the 1880's, a supply town for 1959 Volume BOUGHT - SOLD - TRADED a mining boom of the 1890's, and con- Dealer For struction headquarters for the build- Detectron, Fisher, Goldak, ers of the Los Angeles Aqueduct from Raytron, GeoFinder, 1904-1912. Today it is a city of attractive homes and center of a rapidly 12 COMPLETE ISSUES Metrotech expanding industrial complex that Repair Service has sprung up in recent years. As can Pictures and stories on every subject of the be guessed, the city takes its name Southwest including Purple Glass—Stuck In The BILL'S SERVICE CENTER from the desert and the Indian nation Sand—The Palm—Gem and Mineral Trips To 15502 So. Paramount Blvd. Hoover Dam — Into The Unknown Colorado—A Paramount California that once roamed this vast domain. King Snake and Two Rattlers—The Wild Horse Rising out of the desert west of Today—Ghost Town Dwellers and dozens more. U.S. 6 five miles south of Mojave, Soledad Mountain is an imposing landmark. This sprawling brown em- ONLY 1.00 inence, over 4000 feet high, has been San Juan the scene of a frantic search for gold POSTAGE PAID and silver during the past seventy TRADING POST years. . . . your headquarters for a Send Check or Money Order to Another ten miles south of U.S. 6 Southern Utah vacation 1959 VOLUME DEPT. ON PAVED HWY. 47 our circuitous trip ends with the re- Desert Magazine MEXICAN HAT, UTAH turn to Rosamond, our starting point. 22 Modern Motel Units . . . Guided Scenic Including the diversion up Horse Palm Desert, California 92260 Tours to Monument Valley and Fabulous San Canyon the mileage totals 68 miles. Juan County . . . Curio Shop, Navajo Rugs, This is a "trek" comfortably negoti- Indian Jewelry . . . Cafe . . . Film, Camping able by standard automobiles over Supplies . . . Service Station . . . Licensed Hunting Guides . . . Accommodations For excellent paved roads. Despite the WHEN YOU WRITE Hunters During Deer Season. ease of access it is a region replete ... or phone in response to an ad in DESERT, it only takes a moment to men- Phone: 42, Mexican Hat, Utah with the authentic flavor of the Pio- neer West interspersed with evidences tion where you saw it. The firm you are doing business with will appreciate know- of modern industrial growth. As the ing how you learned of them, and popular saying goes, "There is some- DESERT will be grateful for your support thing here for everyone." /// and friendship thus expressed.

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14 / Desert Magazine / January, 1964 PANCHO VILLA Hero or Villian? By W. Thetford Le Viness

A New Mexico town, once destroyed by Villa, now recognizes him as a hero and capitalizes on his infamous name.

VILLA, leader of the monies in the park, was made an a few months in 1914-15, but he never only armed forces to invade the honorary citizen of Columbus and won diplomatic a p p r o va 1. The mainland United States since the state of New Mexico. strength of other revolutionaries, the War of 1812, is now a hero in There are old-timers in this bor- coupled with dissension in his own Columbus, New Mexico, the little der community who remember vivid- ranks, forced his retirement on a town on the Mexican border that ly the events of March 9, 1916—the ranch in southern Chihuahua state, was raided. night of terror when 16 of their fel- but while he lived there were rumors Nation-wide, of course, the out- low townsmen lost their lives. Under- of a comeback. law's reputation isn't as bad as it was standably, a few are vociferous in op- Fatally shot by a former cohort on in the days just preceding World War posing adulation of the man they a busy street corner of Hidalgo del I, when he terrorized all Mexico and hold responsible. But by and large Parral, a town near the state line of frightened U. S. citizens from San Villa's reputation has run the gaunt- his native Durango, he was buried not Diego to Brownsville. And much let of public opinion, in Columbus far from the ambush. A few nights change of heart at the scene of the and elsewhere. To many he is a later, the body was dug up and de- raid has been whipped up by the popular idol, a sort of Mexican Robin capitated. The severed head was Columbus Development Board, a real Hood who robbed the rich and gave never found. estate enterprise scarcely five years to the poor. The assassin's bullets Born thus of gruesome incident, old. Its promoters are merely capital- that ended his life on July 30, 1923, the Pancho Villa legend took root izing on the very real legend that have even surrounded him with the and grew. In Chihuahua City, a Villa Villa has become. aura of martyrdom. mausoleum was built entirely by pub- The firm operates a Pancho Villa Few in either Mexico or the Uni- lic subscription—"with the pennies of motel and museum. There is a Pan- ted States would have prophesied a the poor who loved him," the senti- cho Villa cantina in the town, and hero's role for Villa. In his heyday mentalists said. Since then the widow the 1959 New Mexico legislature he was the scourge of Mexican land- has petitioned every Mexican presi- created a Pancho Villa State Park. owners, of law and order wherever dent to have the headless corpse re- On May 5, 1963—Mexican Indepen- his bandit gangs would ride. To a buried there. dence Day—the bandit leader's widow, point, he was successful; he actually The government has not granted Dona Luz Corral de Villa, at cere- assumed the republic's presidency for her request. Mexico is still a country of sharp social contrast, and an hon- able, now that there was no reason to orable grave for Villa might become fear him. a rallying point for future revolu- tion. The legend flowered; the dead bandit was a good bandit. Villa was Recently, officialdom has relented the lowly one who had risen, by sheer a bit. An equestrian statue of the deeds of spectacular boldness, to the outlaw now dominates the circle of highest office in his native land. And an important intersection in Chihua- with a few ragged followers, he'd de- hua City, in a neighborhood of spank- fied the armed might of the United ing new buildings and tree-lined bou- States! The German Kaiser, born to levards. the throne and with all his legions, had boasted he would do as much— The Villa reputation has fared a but he didn't. lot better in the United States. Soon after the Columbus raid, President So Villa the Mexican, Villa the Wilson sent the so-called "punitive border terrorist, Villa, the nation's expedition" to Mexico — to capture enemy of only the decade before, in Villa and end border frights. Gen. death held the spotlight with the John. J. Pershing was placed in com- world's fabulous figures of the Roar- mand. Motorized units, the first ever ABOVE: PANCHO VILLA AND MIS FIRST AND ONLY ing Twenties. The pulps and the LEGITIMATE WIFE, MARIA LUZ CORRAL VILLA. BELOW: used by the U. S. Army, went by train Sunday supplements played it up big. VAULT OF COLUMBUS STATE BANK STILL CONTAINS to Columbus, then took off over Now lay his mortal remains, or what BULLET HOLE MADE DURING RAID BY MEXICAN muddy, rock-strewn trails in Mexico. was left of them, in a crowded ceme- REVOLUTIONIST PANCHO VILLA BUT THE COMMERCIAL Crude flying machines helped main- HOTEL, BURNED BY VILUSTAS DURING THE MARCH tery in a small city not far from his 9, 1916 RAID, IS REMEMBERED ONLY BY OLDTIMERS. tain supply lines in the Chihuahua humble birthplace—unsung, and for desert—the first time aircraft appeared the most part ignored, by the country under combat conditions anywhere. he'd sought to reform. The campaign was a fiasco. Villa, Villa would have loved it! De- sought by enemies in his own country, spised all his life as a bandit, he won as well, was never caught. U. S. pres- the widespread posthumous apprai- tige in Latin-America hit an all-time sal: reformer. He had died a victim low when German propagandists of treachery in an age that admired plugged the expedition as "Yankee fair play and glorified the underdog. intervention." Hollywood added to the tale—a Home folks mentioned "interven- romantic twist, to be sure. Villa on tion" too—but they meant U.S. par- film was the irresistible charmer, with ticipation in the war in Europe. The a girl left stranded in every cantina. Lusitania had been sunk, and there So strong did this part of the legend were other acts of German piracy at become that in the late '30s dancing sea. Moreover, it was an election girls from the Spanish Southwest year, and many opposed Wilson's re- would appear as far away as New election. York's Greenwich Village, billed as They called the Mexican venture Pancho Villa's "natural daughter." a farce, and urged preparedness for the bigger conflict overseas. Early in The claim was a publicity stunt. 1917, the troops in Chihuahua were Why there weren't any "natural recalled. The "punitive expedition" sons" and why all the dozen or so had punished no one. Within the girls became dancers seem not to have year, Gen. Pershing and his dough- been questioned at the time. boys landed in France. Meanwhile Dona Luz came out of mourning and began her long struggle Pancho Villa was all but forgotten for public approval of her late hus- as the nation went to war against band's life and deeds. She established Germany. The Mexican outlaw had a museum n his military headquar- no place in the Argonne Forest, at ters, where she still lives in Chihua- Chateau-Thierry, or around the peace hua City. Guns and other relics of table at Versailles. Neither was he his career are displayed there. His involved in debates over great U.S. desk and chair are placed just as they post-war issues—the League of Na- were when he last used them. In the tions, prohibition, or woman suffrage. patio is the open touring car in which The assassination, however, set off he was riding when the assassin a new wave of interest in the bandit struck; bullet holes may be seen in leader. And a change in the popular the rear and on one side. image was noted immediately. Dofia Luz has exhibited this car, No longer was he merely "Pancho" stripped of its tires and with vital en- Villa, the swashbuckling, comic- gine parts missing, in many cities of opera brigand of border banditry. Al- Mexico and the United States, rais- most overnight he became "Gen. Fran- ing money for the Chihuahua mus- cisco Villa"—gone somehow respect- eum. She speaks some English, and

SIBERIAN RED'S

WISH THE late Charlie Russell the bag of ore samples they'd picked spine tingled and I knew I was sunk. were here now to refresh my mem- up during their trip across the Pana- I had to go and do a little searching I ory about the lost Siberian Red mints. Suddenly his eyes lighted. on my own. Old Charlie advised me gold ledge, but I well remember the Gold! "At least $15,000 a ton," the to go to the ghost town of Ballarat consequences that followed—that hap- assayer said. Of course that figure is and find "Seldom Seen Slim." Any pened to me—in my futile search for doubled today, with the price of gold further information would have to it. No one need jog my memory about at $35 a troy ounce instead of $16. come from him. slipping on loose rock, almost tumb- Inviting visions of yachts, man- Two weeks later, with my jeep ling over a precipice, being bitten by packed, I took off. Traveling over a rattler, exhaustion and dehydration. sions and trips around the world, the old prospectors made hasty prepara- the beautiful Mojave Desert, through It's planted in my memory deep and Randsburg, Johannesburg and Trona, everlasting. As for the legend itself, tions for a return trip, retracing their exact steps. Five months later they I finally rested on the top of Slate I'll do the best I can without my old Range—the gateway to the Pana- prospector friend here to prompt me. retreated back to Shoshone, empty handed. A huge landslide had buried mints and Death Valley. Below Back in 1929, Siberian Red and his two of their burros and they were stretched the great Panamint Valley partner, whose name I can't recall, fortunate to escape with their lives. with a narrow ribbon of road cutting were traveling in Panamint Valley en Before they could replenish provi- across Panamint Dry Lake, leading route to Shoshone. After some delib- sions, however, death claimed one of right into Ballarat. eration, they decided to try a short the partners. This once proud and roaring min- cut by traversing directly across the ing town now consists of a few ram- treacherous Panamint Range. Two The remaining one, Siberian Red, shackle shacks and adobe huts pum- months later their macabre figures decided to continue the search by him- meled into the earth by scorching were sighted several miles outside of self, not trusting anyone else to go rays of hot sun. On one side of town Shoshone, more dead than alive. along. Six months later he was pick- is a bullet-riddled sign reading "Boot- Taken in and cared for by towns- ed up on a range near Ballarat, fever- hill." Here lie the unmarked resting people, they were soon up and around ridden and emaciated; insane with places of prospectors and mining men, and eventually went into a small the frustration of failure. Still clutch- bad men and good who, true to the business of their own. A year or two ing his fabulous ore sample, he passed tradition of the West, died wearing later one of the partners, rummaging away. their boots. In the background, tow- through their old equipment, found When I first heard this story my ering Panamint Range looms with LOST LEDGE BY CARL MACUR

its fury of treacherous, massive peaks. concrete-like rock." That's the mes- SELDOM SEEN SUM, FAMOUS DEATH VALLEY It is often said, in soft, awesome sage Seldom Slim made out. PROSPECTOR, IS HARD TO FIND, BUT CALLS THE GHOST TOWN OF BALLARAT A SOMETIME whispers, that the Panamint holds HOME. more bleached bones in its bosom "Maybe with these directions a than Boothill. Well, I wasn't going fresh, young mind can find it," Slim to be one of them, but lordy, it seem- suggested. "Sometimes us old-timers ed that you had to be a mountain know the country so well we overlook goat to get up there! the obvious." After four hours of driving and After twisting and turning down a hiking in those general directions, I steep road for five miles, I spotted a concluded that the only way to find weathered sign reading, "Ballarat— the ledge was to pack in and stay. In 4.4 miles." At an old shack called this terrain, I could readily see where "Panamint Shorty's Museum," I ob- Silm got his name. Once here you'd tained directions for finding Seldom be fortunate to be "seen again," not Seen Slim. only "seldom seen." However, I was As luck would have it, he was in determined to try, and try I did. his shack. Seated on its stoop, I re- Month after month, year after year. counted the story old Charlie had Then wearying of doing it solo, I ac- told me and asked Slim to take it from quired a partner by the name of Ray there. —a greenhorn, but young, willing and strong. Until Siberian Red died, his bab- bled jargon was more consistent than On our first trip together we were understandable, but Seldom Seen on the way up the mountain to drill heard his last words. However, as and dynamite a "suspect" area I had mountain-wise as Slim is, Red's direc- previously discovered when, overbur- tions haven't produced the lost ledge. dened with 125 pounds of equipment, I slipped and fell, cutting my knees "Twelve miles south — Redlands on the iron-stained fault. Instinctive- Canyon—Manley Peak — west slope — ly, I grabbed a drill balanced on my

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January, 1964 / Desert Magazine / 19 TO DEATH VALLEY JCT.

NAVAL ORDNANCE

TEST STATION

RESTRICTE

TO BAKER shoulder with my right hand and slap- cup. With no measurable ill effects tor and a dull puncture—barely in ped my left hand on the corner of I made my way down the mountain time. a boulder. A triangular head and a to the jeep. As Ray raced toward For the year following that fiasco I sharp needling pain simultaneously Trona, a tingling began in my finger thought I'd learned my lesson, but hit my palm where the hand meets the tips and, like a flame, seared a path since then I've been back time and wrist. I was electrified with fear. A up my arm toward my heart. Furious- time again, each time with fresh hope rattler had bitten me. ly applying the suction cup and re- and faith that this one would be it. Fortunately, most of the venom cutting my hand to force it to bleed And I'll continue to go back, time flowed on the top of my hand. Re- faster and heavier, I watched my arm and time again. gaining composure, I sluiced water swell. The throbbing increased and then nausea gripped me as we raced Panamint Shorty still has his mu- over the bite and Ray, after disposing seum in Ballarat. You may recall up the black slate range into Trona. of the snake, made the incisions, ap- reading in your paper about his dis- plied the tourniquet and the suction Faintly I remember a nurse, a doc- covery of two skeletons in one of the caves high in the Panamints, together with a cache of rifles, fifteen and a half pounds of melted Spanish Palm 2be5ert'i Tjewest MOTOR LODGE gold coins, a gold snuff box, and some coins dating back to the Civil War era. He has them on display along with an assortment of ore samples found in the Panamints. And Seldom Seen Slim continues to be seldom seen, but he's there, if you're lucky enough to catch him— one of the few true remaining prospectors of the old mining days. Boothill remains, along with remnants of the once prosperous, fast- 52 attractive rooms, air conditioned, Olympic size heated pool, free living town of Ballarat. Bring your Continental breakfast 24 hours, TV and telephones in each room. Free sleeping bag. Stay the night. A word car wash. Therapeutic pool for your health, AM-FM Music in each room, or two of caution, though—if you're volley ball, basketball, shuffleboard, golf privileges. going into the Panamints, leave a timetable with "Shorty," just in case, Under the Executive Direction of and bring plenty of water. Joseph E. Fendel Dr. Leon H. Bloom Mike Singer Maybe you'll be the one to find Siberian Red's lost ledge and cause INTERNATIONAL Wotor J!oJfe i lie ghost town of Ballarat to live Highway III, Palm Desert, California again. Or maybe I'll be the one. Who knows? ///

20 / Desert Magazine / January, 1964 T 1 HE DESERT IS a magic spiritual place. There are places in the world, not many, Where the dynamic forces which, perhaps, hold our universe together Come more strongly in conjunction than anywhere else. These places have characteristics much in common: They are starkly primitive, they are grand in scale, and most of all They are free of man and beast to dull the force That achieves tremendous oscillation there. The vibrations of the infinite are clear, strong, undistorted. You'll not find this in cities, or in crawling jungles fraught with life, Or other places where men and animals converge; But in primeval, silent zones, where brief tangency With the mainstream of the cosmos Inspires wonder, awe, and silent faith, in man. The Desert is a place like this. Not the desert of gleaming roads and ranches, Of industry and tourists; But the eldritch land that palls the pomp of man Into one-dimensional significance. Here the air is vibrant with the music of Eternity, With a magnetism no measurement can grasp, So far it is beyond the spectrum Of men's extolled inventive genius. Here is a feeling of vital, pulsating tension and infinite energy; Of a vague uneasiness which suddenly resolves itself Into what men call "peace of soul." One is then momentarily in tune with all Creation. VIC STOYANOW

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X ••/ Of all famous rides in American history, including that of Paul Revere, Juan Flaco's little known secret mission in California brings credit for the most heroic ride to the West.

Juan Flaco's Fantastic

Ride Captain Archibald Gillespie, U.S.N., was faced with a dilemma on the afternoon of September 24, 1846, as he looked up from the document which lay on his desk. The manu- script had been delivered only a few minutes earlier by a ragged girl BY carrying a flag of truce. The paper was entitled Pronunciamiento de Var- elas y otros Californias contra los GaryL. RaymondW, Americanos. In plain English <~>li this fancy language could be boiled down to three very meaningful words: "Yan- ROBERTS THORP quis, go home!"

22 / Desert Magazine / January, 1964 was nearer than Monterey and the of the extra weight and then was glad that he carried little weight. Captain was certain that only one because his mission was secret and With 27 miles to go and over rough man could deliver a message to the he dared not allow the report of a country, including the Santa Monica Commodore quickly. He turned from gun to divulge his whereabouts at any Mountains, his feet had to carry him the window, summoned his orderly, time. He knew that the American twice the distance ridden by the and commanded, "Get Juan Flaco in hold on California was at best ephe- storied Paul Revere, amid additional here." meral and bands of Mexican lancers hazards. scoured the country from San Diego Entering the mountains, he ran The man who opened the slab to San Francisco. His Bowie knife, door and entered the room a few down long glades and through rocky spurs, sixty-foot horsehair lariat, and canyons, selecting his route so as to minutes later was tall and lean with bag of food weighed less than five a wispy mustache and ragged blonde save time. Ahead to his left, he saw pounds, enough weight for any horse- a clump of white oak trees and to hair which fell about his shoulders. man, who might be set afoot at any He was dressed entirely in closefitting his right three large sycamores grow- moment, to carry overland. When all ing close together. As he passed be- buckskin and wore beaded doeskin was ready, Juan mounted his horse moccasins. A long thin-bladed Bowie tween them a gunshot split the air. and called to John Temple to open As the bullet whistled past his head, knife in a leather sheath hung from the gate. For some unexplained rea- his waist. Because of his slender build he threw himself into the clump of son, Temple apparently forgot the oaks. Peering out, he saw a white he was known as Juan Flaco or secrecy of the mission and shouted to "Gaunt John." Gillespie was well ac- ball climbing the trunk of a syca- the sentinel, "Don't shoot the man on more and recognized it as the smoke quainted with his long and adventur- the white horse." A pack of barking ous history. from the discharge. "Who is it who dogs further announced his ride. A shoots at Juan Flaco, a harmless Born Johann Braunesson in Swe- small band of Mexicans overhearing man?" he shouted. den in the year 1799, he had left the commotion charged after him. home for a life of adventure when There was a grunt from behind the only fifteen years old. After spending From the beginning the lithe horse- middle tree and Juan heard the butt four years in the British navy and man raced for his life. Down on the of a musket strike the ground. "Sal- three years in the Portuguese navy, level he reined his racing mount to aza es el unico que mira en las Santa he became a landlubber. He fought the left, crossed the Calle del Toro Monicas!" Elated to learn that the for Simon Bolivar and participated and rounded the plaza de los toros, man was alone, Juan was planning in several other South American revo- the great pit where wild bulls were his next move when Salazar's head lutions. Captured by General Flores matched against grizzly bears in dead- appeared from behind the tree as he in an action at New Granada in 1828 ly combat. reached for the musket that had slip- he had been sentenced to death but In a long account of the trip writ- ped from his hand. Juan's lariat escaped to California as a stowaway ten at the behest of his friend, Thom- snaked outward and lashed about in a Mexican vessel. In 1836 he as Larkin, American consul at Mon- Salazar's neck. With a quick jerk he fought for Governor Alvarado, in terey, Juan wrote: pulled the Mexican into the dirt and 1844 he espoused the cause of Michel- was upon him in a flash. The knife torena, and now he was a courier "It was now coming on dusk, and struck home. Blood spurted as Juan I heard a wild scream behind me, stood back to watch the Mexican die. for the Americans. and knew that one of my pur- Gillespie came to the point im- suers and his horse had slipped An hour before daylight Juan ar- mediately, "How quickly can you ride into the pit, which was 12 feet rived at the Rancho Las Virgines, to Monterey, Juan?" in depth. I hoped the oso gris owned by Domingo Dominguez. The (grizzly) was not there to receive long footrace had exhausted him, but "Three days if I can find horses," them. I came to the edge of a he knew that in order to obtain a replied the courier. "And if I can deep gully, 13 feet in width, leap- borrow Sam Hensley's saddle," he fresh horse he would have to resort ed my horse across it, and felt the to trickery. Dominguez, of course, added with a grin. Lieutenant Sam wings of death around me as they Hensley owned a silver - mounted supported the rebellion against Gil- fired their escopetas. They turned lespie. Juan claimed to have been saddle, complete with trappings, back now and left me to myself, which he had secured in a skirmish as none of their mounts could robbed by a Frenchman whom he with the Mexicans. was pursuing, knowing that the make the jump." French were always in the bad graces The disturbed officer was not in- Slowing his horse to a trot to avoid of the Mexicans. When his host ask- terested in the mechanics of the ride. awakening the countryside, Juan rode ed him the whereabouts of his horse, He gave Juan a package of cigarettes about two miles further when sud- Juan said that a grizzly had frighten- each stamped with the words "Be- denly his animal dropped dead in ed the animal away while he was lieve the Bearer" and fifty dollars in its tracks. Springing clear, Juan tightening the cinch. Dominguez be- currency. "I'll make out a voucher found, that a bullet had entered the lieved the story and, in the words of for $500, Juan," he added. "I know left flank of the horse, clear evidence Juan, "gave me a horn of good you can do it. The cigaritos should that at least one of the Mexicans had brandy, awakened his wife and she help you secure mounts." been armed with a rifle. cooked me a breakfast of scrambled Juan left the office and immedi- Only four miles from the fort, Juan eggs-" ately spread a tale that he was fear- removed the fancy saddle from the Juan watched the solicitous Dom- ful of the Mexicans and planned to horse, hung it in the crotch of an oak inguez carefully, fearing that he desert the Americans that night. A tree and began to run. The nearest might be recognized. Juan had to good actor, he soon alienated many rancho was 27 miles away. have a horse, even if he had to kill of his friends. for one. Dominguez was much too The flying moccasined feet of agreeable for that, however. A^few minutes before 8 p.m., he "Gaunt John" spurned the ground in saddled his horse, a light dun stal- long strides. He had foreseen some Dominguez had as a guest a Bos- lion. Juan carried no firearms, first such misfortunes before starting and tonian named Tom Lewis who had

24 / Desert Magazine / January, 1964 erican outpost. At trie very g^tp nf the compound his horse dropped dead and he was forced to rest until morning. Lewis came in two hours later. Captain Talbot, the commandant, arose at daybreak and Juan gave him NAP one of the cigarettes, in return re- ceiving mounts for himself and Lew- Showing is. The two rode away at sunrise. "I told the captain to keep a close the Route of mouth," Juan wrote, "as there were lancers about and he had but fifteen JUAN FLAG 0 men." When the sun was high the riders entered the wild oats country, the great San Luis Obispo plain. From atop San Marcos Mountain, Juan saw the sun glinting on weapons of the Mexican lancers as they curbed their horses and returned toward Santa Barbara, evidently unable to keep up the pace. He and Lewis obtained fresh horses at the rancho of an Am- erican, Captain Robbins, who was given one of the cigaritos and told of the long ride and its purpose. The speeding horses passed to the right of Santa Inez. When darkness came, Juan and his companion arrived at Arroyo Hondo, owned by Af. Buron, a Frenchman. Another cigarette changed hands, fresh mounts were secured, and they continued on until 11:00, when they stopped to rest. The next morning Juan's companion was too ill to rise. Juan gave him S20, placed his rifle close by. and raced on his way, actually relieved to be free again, as his new friend slow- ed his pace. The country grew more rolling now and Juan urged his horse into a dead run to make up for lost time. The morning was half gone when Juan saw ahead of him a clump of large white oaks. Urging his horse toward them he intended to rest in their cool shade, although he knew ®Los Angeles this was the time of day grizzlies \ HOUSE DROPS DEAD Hint would be among them grubbing for roots and eating acorns. However, he anticipated no trouble. In this wild region it was doubtful that they had ever seen a two-legged creature. His surmise proved correct for there were five bears beneath the trees. Wasting no time, he spurred his horse and raced round and round wandered up the coast and worn out |nan later wrote that Lewis was arm- the trees, waving his lariat and shout- his welcome. Seeing this as a chance ed with a rifle. "With my hand on ing. to get Lewis off his rant ho, Domin- m\ knife 1 told him the truth and The bears watched curiously for a guez suggested thai the two men ride learned that he, too, was an Ameri- moment and then four of them trot- together in search o[ the robber as can and a true man." ted northward, soon disappearing a measure of precaution. Juan A true man did not make a true among the manzanita. The fifth bear, agreed, and the pair left at sunrise. horesman, however, and Juan, hop- a great male animal, stood its ground, About halfway to Santa Barbara, ing to reach Santa Barbara in time snarling and standing upright on its Lewis realized that they were not to secure another mount and continue hind feel. Juan halted his mount, racing to apprehend a thief and ask- on that night, was far ahead of the made a three-foot loop in the lariat ed Juan the purpose of their haste. Easterner when he reached the Am- (Continued on Page 36)

January, 1964 / Desert Magazine / 25 4» ^k fi

BOTTLES BOTTLES EVERYWHERE

FEVER EXPERIENCED in such a fascinating challenge, and wealth that brought luxuries from gold rush days flares today as inaugurated such a surprising collec- every corner of the earth—oysters and A men, women and children take tion, that they raised their sites to a T-bone steaks washed down with a to the hills in quest of old bottles. collection containing every kind of strong whiskey, schnapps, orange Modern pioneers, searching for the bottle known to the early West. curacao, gin, champagne, or stout homesites of our ancestors, have and famous old medicine that men At first they explored the dumps found that when man moved to the such as Hostetter, Kilmer, Boschee of the large mining communities. The West he seems to have occupied every and Wister manufactured to keep once opulent life of Tonopah, Nev- valley and built a dwelling up every miners from dying of dysentery, ada, became unmistakably apparent canyon. cholera, consumption, lung, kidney as mounds of discarded champagnes, or liver ailments. Today little remains of many of imported liqueurs, whiskey and bit- those early encampments, other than ters bottles sparkled in the desert sun. Recently bottle searchers moved a few rocks piled in a straight line to into the Sierra Nevadas to comb that indicate foundations of buildings, Statistics which show a 30,000 pop- area once again for its underground and the garbage dump. Fortunately ulation for Goldfield, Nevada, near wealth. The clanging of picks and for collectors, these frugal Americans the turn of the century seemed plaus- shovels may be heard today in the discarded promiscuously the one ob- ible for the first time as they looked famous Mother Lode country as Jack- ject which in the future could become a I its dump stretched across four son, Jamestown, Johnsville and Jami- a precious artifact—the glass bottle. square miles of sagebrush and sand. son are asked anew to give up their The number of perfume and. toilet treasures. water bottles gave substance to a Interest in accumlating such an- The threat of bottle collecting in tiques from debris began about ten shady rumor that thirty red-light ladies "worked on the line" each Plumas Eureka State Park of Cali- years ago when a few imaginative fornia has become as ominous to the couples, searching for sun-tinted night during the heyday of that city. conscientious park supervisors as the purple bottles, expanded their inter- threat of deer poaching, since all ests to include old bottles of every In Virginia City there seemed no artifacts of this historical mining size, shape and color. This proved end to bottles betraying a fabulous area are the property of the state. By Grace Kendrick pl^otos "by HLjenarei IMiills

A lovely selection of antique bottles or pepper-sauce bottles left beside ers who run the equipment at night is on display with mining equipment early section houses. in an attempt to salvage some of these in the museum at park headquar- Some avid enthusiasts have even valuable antiques. ters. trekked over the barren wilderness Bottle - prospecting i s becoming As the bottle fever spreads, old between Fallon and Lovelock, Nev- more and more skilled. A successful communities from Lewistown, Mon- ada, the longest stretch of land with- digger requires a 4-wheel drive ve- tana, to Albuquerque, New Mexico, out water of the early wagon train hicle, a strong back and an aptitutde are being re-visited. The sites of route to California. This treacherous foi detective work. History books are early breweries in Milwaukee are 40-mile desert claimed the lives of being studied. Youngsters are listen- being searched for an extinct beer thousands of livestock and hundreds ing to tales of "old timers" fully bottle. The earliest squatty, blob- of humans. To lighten a load and aware that bottles left beside a miner's topped pop bottles are being unearth- hasten the journey, desperate travel- cabin may have more value today ed near Dubuque, Iowa. Long-forgot- ers once discarded valuable pieces of than gold dug from his glory hole. ten portages of the Mississippi River furniture and personal belongings suddenly hold great interest to this along the way. Imagine the thrill of Men with metal detectors are "tick- generation as barrels of hand-blown finding a little brown jug abandoned ing out" buried cans. Their wives bottles are rescued from sunken by a bearded pioneer along this haz- know that where the cans go, so go scows. Abandoned farm buildings in ardous road! the bottles. the mid-west are being searched from In some cases lucky hobbyists find Such collectors, of course, are the cellar to loft for stored glass items. bonanza in their own communities. hardy ones. There's another type less Once again women walk beside Currently a rehabilitation is taking active, but no less interested. Those wagons along the old Oregon Trail— place in the oldest inhabited section are the ones who study the newly the new 4-wheeler wagon, that is. of Sacramento. As basements and designated front spot dedicated to Men laboriously retrace routes of the foundations for future skyscrapers bottles in antique shop windows. And earliest railroads, searching for flasks are dug, bottles of 1830 vintage are they are also the ones who pay up to flung from trail windows or sake jugs being exposed. Collectors have en- fifty dollars for these reclaimed trea- abandoned by Chinese rail workers gaged the help of sympathetic work- sures! ///

,..'•'•-.trv **£JSa"'-" .*fiutmfP^.

• "i. f.;,. •• By Raye Price The Treasures of

II you're a rock-hounding-history has mined $475 million in silver, lead, fancier looking for a new family va- and zinc ore over the years. A long cation spot, head for Park City, Utah time resident and past employee of this spring and beat the crowds to the mines, Mr. Moore is an able guide specimens of minerals, gems, petrified and assured me he would be willing wood, purple glass and artifacts before to direct visiting rockhounds and even the brand new multi-million dollar take off a day to escort them by four- Treasure Mountains resort facilities wheel drive to more remote areas for are discovered by tourists. Just as Col. a nominal fee. Patrick Edward Connor's California Volunteers first prospected the area A trip up to three or four days a hundred years ago, you, too, can could be planned with new diggings roam the hills in search of a strike as each day. Of primary interest would this once-booming mining town pre- be a ride on the Treasure Mountain's pares for a second bonanza. Gondola, longest aerial tramway in North America, where, at the middle It was while climbing tiers of wood- terminal, an old mill, hoist, and en stairs to photograph the terraced boardinghouses of the Silver King (own, with its Main Street slashing can be seen. A short walk from there the canyon like a bolt of lightning, to the Hanauer mine dump (due to that I spotted Moore's Gift and Rock be levelled this spring) would prom- Shop. A short chat with the proprie- ise a good field of iron pyrite. Water tor, Charlie Moore, convinced me that is available at a near-by spring. A rock-hounding was a way to combine blessing now, it was a hazard in the a peek at Park City's history with en- past and, if you happen upon a local joyment of this newly developed re- old-timer, you're likely to hear about creational area. the Cornish Pump. Mr. Moore, confident of Park City's In the latter part of the 19th Cen- reawakening, opened his shop shortly tury. Park City mines began filling alter the Treasure Mountains ground- with water. The Ontario Silver Mine breaking ceremonies last May. His is finally solved its problem by installing the first rock shop in this town, which a gigantic Cornish Pump. It was some- Helpful brochure for rock hobbyists! This new brochure, fresh off the presses, is available without & DQN'TS charge to rock hobby- TREASURE MOUNTAIN ists and readers of Desert Magazine. Spe- cial sections on sharp- ening, reversing and installation of diamond thing no other western community Not since the bulk of the mines blades for better lapi- could boast and the city was very closed down in 1952 has this old dary cutting ... also proud. Costing $110 thousand, its fly- mining camp seen such promise. includes useful tips on wheel weighed 70 tons, the pump Spearheaded by the United Park City coolants, lubricants, rod measured 100 feet of Oregon pine Mines Co., some 10,000 acres of speeds and feeds, and 16 inches square, and it could lift mountain and lake country are being other suggestions on water from the 1000 foot level to 600 redeveloped for recreational purposes how to get longer and better wear from feet at the rate of 2560 gallons per with work schedules stretching into your cutting equipment. Compact and minute. But, one day it stalled. A 1976. Phase One of the plan should easy-reading, well-illustrated. Write frantic search revealed a Scotch en- reach completion by the end of 1964 today for your copy. gineer who promised to repair it. The and, already, skiers are enjoying 18 Scotsman climbed to the flywheel, miles of groomed trails for novice, Please mail me your free brochure, "Do's whacked it with a sledge hammer, intermediate and pro, the Gondola & Don'ts for Lapidary Cutting." then, as the pump began to operate, lift, the chair-lift, and two J-Bar tows. Name astounded the owners with a bill for Tourists are riding the Gondola to Address .$1000, itemized: "For hitting the the Summit House restaurant, the wheel with a hammer, 50c; for know- lower terminal clubhouse and activi- City, State Dept. D-l ing where to hit it, $999.50." ties center is open, stables are ready, MK DIAMOND PRODUCTS and golfers are anticipating the spring 12600 Chadron, Also within, walking distance of the opening of a nine-hole course. With Hawthorne, Calif. Silver King terminal is the Thayne the advent of May, visitors should be M K DIAMOND • SIHCE ;»S6 dump, where Mr. Moore and I found able to enjoy most of these facilities. more lead, pyrite cubes, peacock iron, dendrkes in rhyolite, galena, and Park City residents refute the term zinc than we could carry. After scout- "Ghost Town" and are proud of a ing these two dumps, a Gondola ride history boasting a clean, lawful com- to the upper terminal offered a munity and a populace renowned for breath-taking view of the entire valley overcoming fires, snowslides, and de- with refreshments at the Summit pressed conditions. From the time House. Col. Connor's men tied a red bandana The surrounding mountains are to a bush as marker for a bold out- dotted with dumps that can be reach- cropping of quartz to the first real ed by foot or car (as Treasure Moun- silver strike at the Ontario mine and tain's access roads are closed to private on through years of booming activity, automobiles, the Gondola may be rid- Park City attracted settled rather than den there) and mines with adjacent transient miners and developed boardinghouses are likely caches for schools, newspapers, an opera house purple bottles, crockery ore-testing and other products of a permanent mugs, and Chinese wine jugs used by settlement. There was a time many Oriental camp cooks who stayed on thought Park City would out-do the as mine employees after completion Mormon community of Salt Lake of the railroad. Just east of the town City, but, eventually, it was seen that is the city dump, virtually untouched the mining fortunes were being invest- by hunters of purple glass. Those ed in the valley and it was there that THE SILVER STREAK who want horn coral, fossil shells, and mansions and businesses were built. petrified wood should check with Mr. A low priced, featherweight, highly sen- Moore about permits for the Riley's While lodging at Park City is limi- sitive, all metal locator for ghost towns and Canyon area in the Wasatch National ted during this first phase of Trea- beachcombing. To locate small gold, copper, Forest. Permits may be obtained from sure Mountains resort development, silver coins, rings, etc. Price only: $79.50. rangers at Kamas, Utah and campers restoration of the New Park Hotel is Terms available: $29.50 down and $5.00 will find good springs and a beautiful underway and plans are being made setting among the aspens. for future hotels, motels, and private per month. 5% discount for cash. For free folder write to: Longer trips might add specimens home sites. Camp grounds and water are plentiful and easy access to High- of moss jasper and agate in the Lake WHITE'S ELECTRONICS Creek vicinity, hematite at Guards- ways 40 and 30S make Salt Lake City man's Pass, and artifacts and wood in 30 minutes, Ogden 85 minutes, and SWEET HOME, OREGON the Silver Creek Canyon. Provo 50 minutes away. /// COOKERY

Food Editor \ EASY DELICIOUS SOUP After the holidays when we have CHICKEN CHOWDER 1 can tomato soup had so much rich food, we enjoy 2 cups cooked diced chicken 1 can pea soup (not the kind with soup and salad meals. Here are a 2 cups milk few easy-tomake soups. smoked ham in it) 2 cups chicken stock 3 cups water Vz cup light cream 1 small can milk MINESTRONE 3 medium potatoes 1 teaspoon Worcestershire sauce 1 lb. ground beef 1 strip bacon 1 teaspoon Soy sauce 1 cup chopped onions 1 medium onion, sliced 1 tablespoon catsup 1 cup raw cubed potatoes Salt and pepper to taste Salt and pepper to taste Dice potatoes and cook until tender, 1 cup sliced raw carrots Vz cup Sherry wine but not mushy. Fry bacon and cook Vz cup thinly sliced celery Serves 4 or 5. onion in bacon grease until golden. 1 cup shredded cabbage Combine vegetables, chicken, ba- 1 No. 2 can tomatoes con bits and seasoning with stock. MUSHROOM-SHRIMP CHOWDER lA cup raw white rice Gradually add milk and cream. If 3 cans mushroom soup you wish to have a thicker chowder, Touch of bayleaf, thyme and 3 soup cans of milk mix Vz tablespoon of corn starch in basil a little cold water and add. 3 cups shrimp 5 teaspoons salt Dash of cayenne CRAB SOUP Sherry wine to taste (I use Vz cup) VB teaspoon pepper Combine soups and milk, stirring 1Vz quarts water 1 can tomato soup until smooth. Heat :o simmering, but 1 8-oz. package macaroni 1 can pea soup do not boil, stirring occasionally. Grated American cheese 1 can consomme Add shrimp and cayenne, heat, add Saute beef and onion until slightly Heat to boiling. Cool. All 1 cup light Sherry and serve. 6 to 8 servings. browned. Add vegetables and bring cream, Vz cup Sherry, 1 can crab to boil. Sprinkle in rice, and add sea- meat. Reheat, but do not boil. Serves sonings. Add water and simmer for 6. BORSCH 1 hour. Add macaroni for the last 1 can Julienne-style beets 15 minutes. When ready to serve, CHILLED POTATO AND 1 can beef broth, undiluted sprinkle with grated cheese. Serves CUCUMBER SOUP 1/3 cup finely chopped onion 6. 3 medium potatoes, pared and 1 teaspoon salt diced 2 stalks of celery, sliced 2 eggs CORN CHOWDER 1 onion sliced 2 tablespoons sugar 1 cup chopped carrots 2 chicken bouillon cubes Vt cup lemon juice 4 small onions thinly sliced 2 cups water Vz cup dairy sour cream 2 tablespoons butter or margarine In medium saucepan combine beets, Vz cup heavy cream (you may 1 No. 2 can yellow cream style onions, broth and salt. Add sugar, substitute canned milk) corn lemon juice and 2 cups of water. 1 medium cucumber, pared and 1 can cream of mushroom soup Cover and bring to boil over medium chopped heat. Reduce heat and simmer for 2 cups milk Salt and pepper to taste five minutes. Beat eggs well in bowl Vz teaspoon salt Cook potatoes, onions and celery in and gradually pour Vz cup of the Dash pepper water with bouillon cubes until ten- hot stock over them, continuing to Cook carrots in boiling salt water der, about 15 minutes. Press through beat. Add to stock in sauce pan and until tender. Cook onions in butter sieve or food mill. Cool. Add cream, stir quickly to blend. Serve at once until golden brown. Combine soup, cucumber, salt and pepper. Chill topped with sour cream. Do not try corn, milk, salt and pepper. Add thoroughly. You may sprinkle chives to reheat, as it may curdle. 6 serv- carrots and onions. Heat to boiling or parsley ovejr the top for garnish- ings. point. 6 to 8 servings. ing. 4 or 5 servings. lust Published "HELLO "MILLIONS WANT TO" 11 Jiew Bods THERE! What Travel Brochures Never Tell and Color Pictures Fail To Show Continued from Page 7 Find adventure with the authors of this "/ am 'Poncho' the exciting new book "Desert Dave" and Laughing Burro. Re- "Duchess" Young in produced from an ARIZONA SCENIC GUIDE original painting by By Weldon F. Heald • Our Wide West • Alaska • Sonora Desert • Florida Corinne Anderson." Not only does this outstanding # Baja California Order your print of "Poncho" now! His guide book tell the traveler how best If you are interested in CAMPING, BIRDS, happy face adorning your wall, at office or to see colorful Arizona, but it in- FISHING, INDIANS and the excitement of the home, will not only bring joy to you, but cludes reference material about wild- great outdoors you'll want to share these happy remarks from friends and associates. life, historical backgrounds and geo- true adventures in A conversation piece, and excellent gift. logical formations along with detail- Printed on heavy quality paper. Size— ed maps by cartographer Cy Johnson "MILLIONS WANT TO" I4V2"X9V2", matted and backed, ready for of both highway and back country For an autographed copy send check or money Framing, $5.00 each. .______regions. order for $5.95 (plus 15 cents postage) to the Mail check or M.O. to: Corinne Anderson, Three Flags Publishing Co., 3811 South 4th CorVorine Originals, #1 Joseph St., Pres- Ave., Tuscon, Ariz. (Arizona residents add 18 Makes good reading for armchair cents sales tax.) cott, Arizona. tourists as well as those motor borne. Price includes postage No C.O.D.'s Published by Challenge Press, Susan- Notice and Apology to Book Stores ville, California. Paperback, 60 pages. Our new book has moved so fast we are behind in having our sales representative SI.50. call on many stores. If you wish to order direct at regular wholesale discounts write NEW AND UNUSUAL to Three Flags Publishing Company. 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January, 1964 / Desert Magazine / 31 ISHERMEN on Ralphine Lake, study a fresh water jellyfish colony Recreational Department, the Shore south of Santa Rosa, were puzzled which occured in a cove along the Patrol and private individuals con- F recently when the water sudden- Nevada shore of Lake Mead. tributed time and boats to transport ly glistened with transparent circles. Scuba divers, equipment, and obser- Moreover, the "circles" were alive! The chief reason this creature, vers to the scene. Directed by Doctors Craspedacusta sowerbyi, has defied Immediately the phenomenon was Haskell and Deacon, a high-powered scholarly understanding is because it testing station operated around the reported to Dr. Allyn G. Smith, as- is so sporadic. One summer your fa- sistant curator of invertebrate zool- dock, spot checking jellyfish activity vorite swimming hole or fish pond over a period of months. ogy of the California Academy of might teem with them, but by win- Sciences, while another scientist, Jack ter they die and never again return. To study a creature as nebulous Arnold, biology professor of Sonoma Or, perhaps a small number will oc- as this specimen may seem irrelevent, State College near Santa Rosa, hasten- cur over a period of several seasons but as biologists have proven, one ed to the scene. and then entirely disappear. Because never knows. Who could have im- their appearance is usually in bodies This was indeed a phenomenon. agined that an educated understand- of water unattended by park natural- In his more than 50 years dedicated ing of the lowly algae might solve the ists, they are rarely reported or effec- to collecting backboneless specimens, problem for disposal of human excre- tively observed. The freshwater Dr. Smith had never before found tion in sealed space capsules! jellyfish remains a mystery. No one the elusive freshwater jellyfish. "They knows from where it comes, where A deeper understanding of the are very rare—except when they oc- it goes, its ultimate effect upon other freshwater jellyfish could shed light cur," he said, a remark less facetious forms of life, or why it performs as on the very fact of life itself. Because than it may sound. When they do it does. soft-bodied organisms fail to leave fos- occur, it isn't in limited numbers. On sil imprints, it's impossible to deduce the contrary, they occur in such pro- Unfortunately, the Lake Mead a definite date of origin, but scientists fusion that, as Professor Arnold re- jellyfish did not congregate at one of believe that tiny transparent animals ported, hundreds could be captured the Marinas along the 500-mile shore- such as the jellyfish foreshadowed a in one dip of a net. line. Instead, they pulsated happily in basic plan from which all forms of To this writer, the fresh water vast coves sheltered by towering more highly developed animals evolv- jellyfish is not news. In the fall of mountains far from any access road. ed. One factor is certain; of the few ]962 we joined Doctors William Has- To capture a supply for the Univer- pre-cambrian forms of life still exist- kell and Jim Deacon of Nevada Sou- sity aquarium, but chiefly to study ing, the jellyfish is the most primitive thern University at Las Vegas to them on the spot, the Lake Mead creature to possess a true mouth and

JELLYFISH in the DESERT

by CHORAL PEPPER

32 / Desert Magazine / January, .

•- M*M. sfnmarh. And o£ all species of jelly- of the body and acts as a mouth. is down; and it's evident that they fish, including the marine, the fresh- Jellyfish are carnivorous. The micro- aren't surfacing to avoid predatory water species is the most elemental— scopic plankton upon which they fish, as even carp ignore them. Pos- so elemental that it is marvelous that feed are caught and placed in the sibly they respond to red-yellow rays it exists at all. Contemplating its mouth opening by the tentacles. of the sun close to the surface, or even form, one is stuck with the notion Drifting in water within a few feet a gravitational pull. In the Univer- that life simply can't resist living; sity aquarium, Dr. Haskell divided that it isn't derived from combina- of the surface, they look like a series of flat circles geometrically prescribed the tank into two sections, masking tions of water, gas and mineral, but one side to keep it dark, and placed is an element itself. by a compass. It is only in movement that they assume t h e mushroom jellyfish in each sector. Soon they were all attracted into the light side; those Although referred to as "jellyfish," shape. in the dark section having slipped the Craspedaaista sowerbyi is really Progress through water is achieved not a fish at all, but rather an animal through a thin crack left in the par- as a result of rhythmic pulsations or tition. sans skeleton. A typical Thornsmith- spasmodic muscular contractions of Delightfully carefree as the life of ian-type character, the transparent the bell part of its body. The animal the jellyfish might sound, its sexlife jelly-like substance contained in its lacks a true central nervous system, shouldn't happen to anything. The endoderm and ectoderm (Jellyfishese but it does have an efficient network only way to distinguish a boy from for skin and tissue) is composed of of sensory cells connected with its a girl it to remoye its petal-like gonad 98% water. The jellyfish has no muscular fibres which, when stimu- for microscopic inspection. Among brain, no blood vessels, no throat nor lated, controls the rate of pulsation of jellyfish, of course, the decision is less food canal. There is only one princi- the bell for locomotion. Horizontal devastating, since they haven't the pal internal cavity, the stomach, which progress is slow, but the creature brains to figure it out anyway. opens to the exterior by a single moves up and down at a fairly rapid aperture, the mouth. It's strictly a pace. A similar complaint is often regis- one-way system. That which enters, tered by biology students trying to exits via the same route. This is the Some of Haskell's findings are at understand the complicated jellyfish simplest structure of functional life, variance with the limited amount of affair. The cause for this confusion discounting, of course, the sponge and published material related to the sen- is a feature referred to by zoologists certain one-celled protozoa. sitivity of this particular species. The as "alternation of generation." This plankta they eat seeks deep water by means that a single animal may Slightly smaller than a quarter, the day and surfaces by night. Most fish achieve two forms during its lifetime animal's mushroom-shaped body is follow suit. But not the freshwater —one sexual and the other asexual. entirely transparent except for a faint- jellyfish. It remains close to the sur- The first is the "medusa" form, as ly etched four-petal outline in the face during daylight hours and then seen on, Lake Mead and Ralphine center of its bell-like cap which re- disappears at night. Lake. The medusa reproduces sex- sembles the markings of a sand dol- Although most marine jellyfish ually as other animals do by means lar. These flaps contain the gonads have ocelli, or eye spots, located of eggs and spermatozoa which after (glands which generate) . Around the around the outside rim of their union produce baby polyps. The margin of the mushroom cap is a bodies, it is generally believed that "polyp" is the asexual form. It has fringe of imperceptible eyelash-like this fresh water descendant of the no sex organs and maintains a vega- tentacles containing coiled stingers marine Hydroza class lacks these. tative mode of reproduction by means which, when triggered, emit a poison Nevertheless, an apparent sensitivity of budding. Its buds may give rise powerful enough to stun a small fish to light detected by Lake Mead ex- to other polyps or to medusae. Be- and with repeated jabs, even kill it. periments suggests further examina- cause medusae produce only polyps, A tubular section—the stem of the tion. It is unlikely that the animals but polyps produce either other mushroom—extends from the center surface to feed when their plankton polyps or medusae, a regular alterna-

FOAM PtASTIC BUOYS WITH LINES THAT REACHED TO THE BOTTOM OF LAKE MEAD WERE MARKED WITH A KNOT EACH 15 FEET. TO RECORD AT WHAT LEVELS THE JELLYFISH CONGREGATED, THEIR HABITS AND SENSITIVITIES, SCUBA DIVERS, EACH EQUIPPED WITH A PLEXIGLAS SLATE, GREASE PENCIL AND 18-INCH WIRE HOOP, DESCENDED TO THE DEPTH OF THE LINE, INSERTED ITS WEIGHTED END INTO THE CENTER OF THE HOOP AND RECORDED THE NUMBER OF JELLYFISH THAT PASSED THROUGH THE HOOP AT EACH INTERVAL. DR. DEACON INSTRUCTS TWO 'SILVER FLIPPER' DIVERS

34 / Desert Magazine / January, 1964 life . . . which is still pretty exciting, pan and because the Lake Mead even though not spontaneously con- species disappeared during last win- ceived. Because the apus is consider- ter and didn't return, the question ably higher developed than the jelly- remains unanswered. Perhaps this fish, a hypothesis that a similar mode will be determined in current experi- of reproduction explains the sporadic ments conducted by scientists of the appearance of the jellyfish is not out Steinhart Aquarium, where the sub- of order. jects are publicly displayed, or the Another question is whether or not California Academy of Sciences. the sting of these jellyfish is potent In the laboratory of Southern Ne- enough to deplete stock in sports- vada, 30 days was the maximum men's waters. "They're too small to length of time Dr. Haskell was able attack an adult 10-pound bass in Lake to keep an individual jellyfish alive. Mead," says Dr. Deacon, "but they He reports that some question re- have stunned and killed fingerlings mains in his mind as to whether his in our aquarium. However, I can't procedure was correct or whether this visualize an effect marked enough to is the normal life span of the "little reduce the fish population." characters." They were well fed, tem- perature was properly maintained and Zoologist Haskell doesn't quite go several different age groups were pre- along with that. Young fish normally sent, (if size in an indication of age). live higher in the water than adult Both he and Dr. Deacon feel that they ones and in waters teeming with jelly- didn't come up with any startling dis- DR. HASKELL, AT RIGHT, GETS READY FOR fish, Haskell believes that young coveries, but they did accumulate eco- COUNTDOWN stock could be decimated. He goes logical data which will no doubt ex- even further than that. In a small pedite future studies. tion between polyps and medusa is at- pond used for swimming, he believes tained. The polyp itself is difficult that repeated attacks of the poison- Considering that all animal life very to study because of its inconspicuous ous sting into the tender skin of par- likely evolved from the primitive size and immobile nature. None were ticularly sensitive children could con- jellyfish, they're a good thing (o find recovered in Lake Mead and Doctors ceivably set up on allergy similar to out about. We might want to begin Haskell and Deacon were unable to that of bee or hornet stings. This, of the whole thing over again some- raise them in the laboratory. course, is purely speculation on his time—on Mars! /// Originally recorded in England in 1881 when they turned up in a botanical garden among some water lilies imported from the Amazon, fresh water jellyfish have also been reported in Germany, China and Japan. In the U.S. they have been dependable 1 variously reported since 1908 in all states east of the Mississippi with the exception of those between Wisconsin and northern New England. West of the Mississippi they've intermittently frequented certain small lakes, fish- ponds, water filled quarries and arti- ficial bodies of water produced by re- servoirs and dams, such as the Cali- fornia Ralphine Lake and Nevada's Lake Mead. The fact that these are usually ar- tifical or comparatively new bodies of water might be of concern. Dr. Haskell recalls a "phenomenon" much publicized in 1958 when tiny DATSUN PICKUP fish-like creatures were observed •k POWERFUL 4 cyl. engine & 4-speed transmission swimming in a California dry lake • BIG 4' x 6'8" bed carries up to 2,000 lbs. bed suddenly filled by a flash flood. •*• ECONOMY up to 31 mpg. —rugged, low maintenance design. Scientists rushed to the scene from * COMFORT & RIDE —Ind. Torsion-Bar Suspension, Foam across the country. It seemed clearly Rubber Seats, Vinyl Interior. a case of spontaneous generation. • DELIVERED EXTRAS Includes: f However, the mysterious life proved Send me literature and name of nearest dealer, WSW Tires, Heater & Defrosters to: NISSAN MOTOR CORP. IN U. S. A., DEPT DAA-1 to be a form of the apus, a water plus a 12 months/12,000 137 E Alondra Blvd., Gardena, Calil. flea, and what appeared as an excit- mile warranty. send information on • DATSUN Pickup ing example of spontaneous generation was a product of "resting eggs." del. Dormant eggs of the species had re- $ plus local City. -State. mained buried in the sand from a freight, 1596 ATTENTION CAR DEALERS — Add DATSUN to your present time when water covered the desert if any and its return brought them to Ime — inquire on A DATSUN DEALER FRANCHISE!

January, 1964 / Desert Magazine / 35 JUAN FLACO'S RIDE Army. Juan said later, "I was fatigued gaunt horseman could see the twink- and went to bed but could not eat, ling lights on Commodore Stockton's (Continued from Page 25) being satisfied with a cup of coffee frigate, The Congress, and heard the and a glass of brandy." and coiled it. Fortunately his horse boom of the 8 o'clock gun as he lay had encountered bears before and down in the brush to sleep until As he lay resting, Maddox came to morning. Juan wrote Larkin: stood steady as the loop sailed out. him and said it was urgent that dis- The bear backtracked quickly, as patches be delivered to Commodore "The market boat came ashore at Juan had anticipated, and the noose Stockton at Yerba Buena. He offered daybreak and I went aboard, gave settled about its neck. As the line Juan 5200 to make the ride. Because the dispatches and the remainder tightened, Juan maneuvered h i s the horesman was obliged to continue of the cigaritos to the Commodore, horse to the far side of the nearest on to deliver his own message, the had a glass of brandy with him, oak and the lariat, sawing against the offer was accepted with the proviso and felt that my duty was done." bark of the tree, dragged the bear that he be furnished the swiftest horse available for the first lap. Astonished at Juan's feat, Stockton against the trunk. With three turns asked him to draw a rude map of his around the saddle horn, Juan raced An expensive racing stallion was route, with detours, distances, and around and around the tree, binding at the door, champing to run, and at incidents. From this an aide drew up the struggling, roaring beast. sunrise Juan mounted and bade good- an estimate of the miles covered— Dismounting, Juan came up behind bye to Monterey. At eight o'clock he 600 to 630. On the last day, allowing the struggling beast and drove his stopped at the ranch of Angel Castro for seven hours lost in changing Bowie knife into the animal's neck to secure another horse. horses, Juan had averaged 22Vz miles again and again. Finally the roars and This Mexican, a kinsman of Juan an hour! snarls grew feeble. The animal sagged Castro of Los Angeles with whom to the earth. Juan cut a six-inch claw In later days men became famous the "Slim One" had once traded for much less in horsemanship and from one of its forepaws as a present lead, must not learn of Gillespie's endurance. Phil Sheridan was im- for his friend Larkin. straits. In lieu, then, of handing out mortalized for his short canter along When the sun reached directly a cigarito, Juan gave Castro a letter an eastern turnpike, William F. Cody overhead, Juan mounted his horse from Green, Larkin's clerk, which en- for his much disputed Pony Express and rode away to the north. Two abled him to secure another mount. ride, and Felix X. Aubry for his en- hours later, he startled five Hudson's durance exploit in going from Santa Bay mangeur du lards fleshing out There was an hour's delay and Fe to Independence. Both Cody and grizzly hides at the head of a ravine. while waiting, Juan was recognized Aubrey had fresh saddled horses at Seizing their rifles, they watched in by Jose Verdugo, an old friend. short intervals and traveled well-de- amazement as a horse and rider Friends were cheap now, however, so fined trails, so not even minutes were plunged into the open from the tall, he clutched his knife as he growled lost in transferring from one mount wild oats. Bearing down on them a warning. to the next. As an additional advan- momentarily, Juan curbed his great The Mexican slapped his thigh, tage, hostlers along the road gave gray stallion sharply to the right, roaring with laughter. "I am a North them warning when danger lay ahead showering grain upon the astonished American, Juan," he said, tapping and suggested detours. Frenchmen. Then horse and rider his chest. "I know all about Castro disappeared quickly to the north. and Flores. They should have their For Juan, all came to naught, how- Juan wrote that he "met the French- bellies opened for the buzzards!" ever. Even as he galloped toward San men upon my return at the Canada Francisco, Gillespie was surrendering de los Uvas, and explained my A young girl brought forward a and marching his men under an am- hurry." sturdy palomino mare and Juan nesty to San Pedro. Not long after- mounted, certain now that Jose was ward General Kearney recaptured He took a twenty-minute rest at a still his friend. Other rholos appear- Los Angeles and the American vic- goat-herder's hut in the Jolon Prairie ed and as he raced away he heard tory was assured. Perhaps in that and, after a meal prepared by the them shouting, "Adelante, Juan Flaco sense, it might be said that Juan's goat-herder's sister-in-law, hit t h e de prisa companero!" ride rallied the American forces to trail again. The letter from Green proved to victory. At San Lucas Juan struck the be of immense value to Juan. He Juan was never paid for his ride, trail of the padres and hurtled made two changes of horses before in spite of the promises. He performed through a series of hamlets and adobe arriving at San Juan, one at the other feats for General Kearney, villages. At Soledad and again at rancho of Antonia German at Lebree equally unrewarded. But no one re- Gonzales, chickens and pigs scattered and the other at Ojo de Coche. Ar- membered him. Juan Flaco's ride as the stallion thundered down the riving in San Jose at noon, he found passed into oblivion. main streets.. Blinds were raised and none of the persons to whom he car- shutters swung out as women and ried letters, and, with spies abound- The old horseman took his last ride girls saluted him by waving their sos- ing, he felt obliged to curtail any on December 10, 1859, at Stockton, tenas and camisetas. It might make verbal seeking. After losing four the city named for the man who re- them late for the ball, but Juan Flaco hours of valuable time, he finally met ceived the last cigaritos. It is a pity was on time for Monterey. his friend Larkin. Overjoyed, Juan that today Juan Flaco lies in an un- gave him three of the cigarettes and marked grave. Exactly on the hour, three days the claw of the grizzly. Immediately from Los Angeles, the steaming, pant- Larkin found him a sturdy horse and However, all was not entirely in ing mount brought Juan to the door Juan took off. vain. Ninety-seven years after the of his friend, Thomas Larkin. The ride that made him famous, in April, latter was not home, but others were, At eight p.m., he pulled up short 1943, the Calship yards floated a and he delivered his message and cig- on the beach at San Francisco, exact- Liberty ship. It's name— Juan Flaco. arette to Captain Maddox of the ly four days from Los Angeles. The At last, someone remembered. ///

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OR REAL drama in your photo- velop to reduce contrast. A color graphs, try backlighting. But be- photographer, on the other hand, has F fore I discuss the advantages and no control over development and pitfalls of shooting into the sun, per- must rely on exposure alone. My haps I should discern between types technique for backlighting with color of outdoor lighting. is to meter the brightest and dullest Shooting with the sun at your back parts of the scene, then choose an ex- and full on the subject, a subject is posure somewhere between the ex- said to be "front lighted." When the tremes. At the same time, I bracket sun comes from the side, the subject my exposures. That is, underexpose is "sidelighted," and when you face two full stops and overexpose two full the sun, the subject is "backlighted." stops, just to make sure. When ex- MACDONALD'S There are variations, of course. When posing for the highlights only, in a the sunlight barely touches the side backlighted scene, the foreground is of the subject, the subject is "edge dramatically silhouetted—a technique lighted," and so on. that applies admirably to sunsets and sunrises. Backlighting provides the land- YOU CAN EASILY turn our kit into a complete, professional looking, well-built scape photographer with his greatest Backlighting, however, should not camper in just a few hours with simple challenge because he has no control be limited to landscapes. Petals of hand tools. (Or complete line for the man over his subject, except those offered desert flowers and leaves of trees who wants one assembled). by exposure and development. A appear almost iridescent when lighted STRONG STEEL TUBING framework and black and white photographer may in this manner. Backlighting, indeed, beautiful heavy aluminum cover, scored for slightly overexpose to bring in the can make the difference between an strength. 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AUSTRALIA A HOBBY THAT PAYS 207 Javita N.E. 4952 Casa Grande Hwy. form of a Christmas present. He never knew when that was, however, and often complained that Christmas was a long time in coming. How sums mystified this child of nature may be illustrated in his trying to explain the number of chickens LAST OF THE SHASTANS a neighbor possessed. Julius stated, "That man Cal'well, he got lots chickens." When asked how many, he by J 0.McKinney sidestepped by repeating: "Lots chickens, lots chickens." His listener tried to help Julius ar- rive at the proper number by suggest- HREE MILES south-east of ing that Mr. Caldwell owned 1000 Yreka, California, a gray old 'In- chickens. Julius pondered the sum, Tdian is writing finis to his then discarded it, saying, "More'n people. Julius Bender, last survivor that. I think it mebbe 500." of the Shastans, lives alone on the 160-acre reservation allotted to them. Although the last survivor of his He sings no dirge. If Julius grieves tribe, Julius manifests a strong pro- about his lonely state, or anything tective attitude toward his hillside re- else, no one knows. servation. Resenting trespassers, he waxes warlike at invasions, often pro- Through the unknown number of ducing an old shotgun to threaten years he has lived, this little man, those who come near the boundaries who weighs only about 125 pounds, of his "kingdom." Doubt that it would has exhibited little emotion about shoot was often expressed by malicious anything except jail sentences. His pranksters until a fall day in 1962. most punitive thoughts toward anyone and the only way he jokes with At that time a white lad followed his lone friend, Ben Brazie, is to a flock of quail he'd flushed onto the threaten a long sentence in jail. reservation. Julius appeared and fire- works developed. The boy's retreat It was learned some years ago that was vociferous, and so was that of his the cantankerous old man entertain- dog. In their characteristic howlings, ed a rare friendship for the white son both claimed to be shot. One thing of a neighboring rancher. Whenever was sure. Julius' gun had been dis- the lad, about a third his age, made a charged. He landed in jail. suggestion, observers were astonished that Julius immediately considered it But Julius had chosen his only JULIUS BENDER, LAST OF THE SHASTANS. a good idea. As a result, Ben became friend wisely. Ben Brazie rushed to liaison officer between his red friend court with an attorney who demanded and the rest of the world. Subsequent- a complete physical examination of Likely candidates as the most ancient ly the U.S. government appointed the both boy and dog. Fortunately for of ancients to inhabit this hemisphere, youngster Julian's legal guardian, Julius, it was the dog who was shot; the Shasta people are believed to have thus making it easier to work with the frightened lad only thought he belonged to the language family of the was. Hokam, although little has been preserved this man so venomous against the of their early characteristics. human race. Since that date Julius has remained They were a sedentary people, living Early in his life Julius worked on on his reservation and others have re- in small villages near the present Oregon farms, but proved so querulous with mained off. Furthermore, now every- border. Their food was largely vegetal, one knows whether or not the old made up of acorns, seeds and roots, but other workmen that no one would shot gun will shoot! fish was also important to their diet; par- work on the same place. At one time ticularly salmon which they caught by a white man nearly beat him to In order to acquire an interview net, weir, trap and spear to dry and pre- death, but if that accomplished any- with Julius Bender, last of the Sha- serve for winter food. thing, it was only to make him worse. stans, it is necessary to appear with Dugout canoes of a clumsy type were his guardian, Ben Grazie, and carry used and their chief weapon was the To compensate for his small stature, bow. No clan organization existed and Julius adopted offensive weapons. about two cartons of cigarettes. Then the village seems to have been a unit, These led to jail sentences a few walk softly and carry no big sticks. as elsewhere in California. Shasta religious times, until he accepted the idea that II alone, make your initial appear- beliefs and ceremonials had little simi- jail was a bad place. ance with one carton extended and larity to neighboring tribes, however, and the other carried in plain sight. Then were less rich in mythology than others In recent years this unusual Indian of their linguistic group. say Ben Brazie will be along in a has supplemented his allotment by few minutes with a box of groceries. First contact with whites came in the leaving his reservation to cut cord- early 19th century when fur traders trap- ped in their territory. Opening of a trade wood for $1 per cord. When pay for Psychiatrists believe the spectacle route between Oregon and California and wood-chopping rose to $1.25 per cord of seeing his people vanish caused the subsequent gold rush hastened their lot, Julius refused the extra money. the old man's bitterness. Others be- extinction, as they succumbed to the un- It disturbed his bookkeeping! A set- lieve he is a throwback to Shasta In- favorable environment of the mining camp. By 1912, most branches of the tlement was finally effected by paying dians of the past. If so, for the sake Shasta family were already extinct. him the accustomed $1.00 and pre- of canines, it may be an excellent senting him with the balance in the thing Julius is the last of his breed! M ^

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~~CREOSOTE BUSH PRICKLY POPPY~~

Seventh in a series of articles ex- Possibly the hardiest of all desert LAND ROVERS ploring the prehistoric Indian's for- growth is the creosote bush, sometimes The Rolls-Royce of mula for survival. called the greasewood. Early Indians Many desert plants, in their multi- effected some remarkable cures with 4-Whcel Drives purpose roles, served as both food and it. They used an infusion of the creo- NEW — USED sote bush to ward off smallpox; they medicine to early man. A few, how- Sales — Parts — Service ever, were reserved for ceremonial took steam baths in it; and they rid functions or restricted to medicinal their scalps of dandruff with it. The use. only drawback to the latter use was Hall Motors its tendency to glue the hair stiff. Cypress and Van Buren One extraordinarily controversial But most peculiar of all, they used Riverside — Arlington medicine was the desert mallow. In the plant as a deodorant. Only some- Phone 68-98440 the southern parts of its range, In- one who has smelled a creosote can dians and Mexicans believed that appreciate how really peculiar that wind .blowing the hair of the desert was! mallow into the air was the source REMEMBER BIRTHDAYS with of all eye trouble. Conversely, in the But all was not feast or famine on a DESERT subscription . . . $4.50 northern areas of its range, Indians the prehistoric desert. There was believed that an infusion made from plenty of time for love too. Or if the foliage of the desert mallow cured there wasn't, a savvy maiden knew any eye trouble a person might have. how to turn back the clock. From a Jeep and Scout Owners Other cures were equally sensa- medicine man she obtained a love ROLL BARS-TOW BARS tional. For measles, a patient was giv- potion to slip into a desired one's en an extract made from the four- food or drink. This usually contained V-8 ADAPTORS o'clock plant. Should the measles be extracts from the desert poppy, an a three-day variety, results were good. opiate, and worked very well. To all HI-COMPRESSION HEADS It took the patient's mother one day practical purposes the young brave SALES - SERVICE to discover the infection; another day lost his mind either temporarily or to travel by foot to visit a medicine permanently while under her power Write for FREE information man and obtain the cure; a third day and a wedding was often consum- to apply the medicine; and by themated. Not all tribes subscribed to BRIAN CHUCHUA'S fourth day, all was well. For three-day this use of the poppy, but there's Four Wheel Drive Accessory Center measles, four o'clock never failed. little doubt but what it was tried./// 1625 Harbor Blvd., Fullerron 7, Calif.

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Sport Chalet, 951 Foothill istic. No time limit. Easy payments. Free de- sten, Nickel, Cobalt, Titanium, Bismuth, Mo- Blvd., P. O. Box 186, La Canada, Calif. tails. Sample lesson $1. Walker School of lybdenum, Selenium, Germanium, Mercury, Art, Box 486, Montrose 1, Colorado. Chromium, Tin, Beryllium, Gold, Silver, Plati- DO YOU have trouble making a quick, clean, num, Iridium, etc. Some worth $1 to $3 a even-burning fire for your barbecue? Use the pound, others $25 to $200 an ounce. Learn Ezee-Way Fire Starter that gives you a perfect • BOOKS-MAGAZINES how to find, identify and cash in on them. bed of coals in minutes. No more smoking, BOOKS: "PANNING Gold for Beginners," 50c. New simple system. Send for free copy unlighted fuel. Made of special heat-resistant "Gold in Lode," $3. Frank J. Harnagy, Box "Overlooked Fortunes in Minerals," it may steel, and guaranteed to give you a perfect 105, Prather, California. lead to knowledge which may make you rich! fire or money refunded. Make perfect gifts. Duke's Research Laboratory, Box 666, Dept-B, Immediate Delivery. $2.95 plus 33c postage. OUT-OF-print books at lowest prices! You name Truth or Consequences, New Mexico 87901. Please send check or Money Order to Ezee- it—we find it! Western Americana, desert and Way Starter, 57 Reever Way, Altadena, Calif. Indian books a specialty. Send us your wants. BOOKS: "Old Bottles and Ghost Towns," many No obligation. International Bookfinders, Box sketches. See Desert, February '63 issue. $2.15 KNIVES, KNIVES, knives. Catalog for 25c. Hunt- 3003-D, Beverly Hills, California. prepaid. Mrs. Adele Reed, 272 Shepard Lane, ing, trapping, collectors, technicians, pocket. Bishop, California. Heartstone, Dept. D, Seneca Falls, New York "GEMS & Minerals Magazine," largest rock hobby 13148. monthly. Field trips, 'how" articles, pictures, FOSSIL HUNTERS! New book "Barstovian Fossil ads. $4 year. Sample 25c. Box 687J, Mentone, Beds," 79c. Rare extinct animals of Miocene California. age. Davenport, P. O. Box 877, Victorville, • FOR WOMEN California. LADY GODIVA "The World's Finest Beautifier." LEARN ABOUT gems from Handbook of Gems ARIZONA HIGHWAYS Magazines, 1925-1938 Your whole beauty treatment in one jar. and Gemology. Written especially for ama- wanted. List issues and price. W. Elmer, P. O. Write: Lola Barnes, 963 North Oakland, Pasa teur, cutter, collector. Tells how to identify Box 875, Scottsdale, Arizona. dena 6, California. gems. $3 plus tax. Giemac Corporation, Box 808J, Mentone, California. INFORMATIONAL BOOKLET, Vacationing or Re- BEAUTY CULUTURE. Do you want a Satin tiring in La Paz, Baja California. Postpaid $1. Smooth skin—free of wrinkles? My advice and "TREASURE HUNTER'S Bibliography" lists all M. Waters, 35 East 3rd Street, Tucson, Ariz. known treasure books, maps, authors, pub- old French formula is available to you for a $3 check or money-order. Mme. Adele L. lishers. Every true enthusiast needs this val- DESERT MAGAZINES, Volumes one through four Brochon, Box 185, Tenafly, Ney Jersey. uable, time saving reference. Only $2 post- in binders. Through Volume 16 incomplete. paid. Shelby, Box 4266-H, Saticoy, Calif. Inquire Emanuel Bergquist, Box 415, Loveland, Colorado. • GEMS, DEALERS NEVADA TREASURE Hunters Ghost Town Guide. Large folded map. 800 place name glossary. • CLOTHING CHOICE MINERAL specimens, gems, cutting ma- Railroads, towns, camps, camel trail. $1.50. terial, machinery, lapidary and jeweler's sup- Theron Fox, 1296-C Yosemite, San Jose 26, DOWN-FILLED clothing for the winter sports- plies, mountings, fluorescent lamps, books. California. man designed by the leading manufacturer of Sumner's, 21108 Devonshire, Chatsworth, Cal. lightweight, cold weather clothing. Free bro- BOOKS ON Travel, Mineralogy, Wildlife, Lost chure, Gerry, Dept. 90, Box 910, Boulder, WHOLESALE ONLY: Handmade art objects and Mines. Western Gem Hunters Atlas $2.50, Colorado. carvings in obsidian, onyx and gemstones from Arizona Scenic Guide $1.50, Campfires Along Mexico. Mineral specimen and sphere bases Treasure Trail $2.50, postpaid. Write for com- of onyx. Dealers, request on letterhead free plete catalog. Scenic Guides, Box 288, Su- •J>ESERT STATIONERY catalong No. 21. L&A exploration Co., P. O. sanville, California. HENRY MOCKEL'S original living-color Desert, Box 1227, Las Vegas, Nevada. Cactus Flower, Road runner notecards, on vel- "WYATT EARP, The Untold Story"-The myth is lum. Dozen assorted, boxed: $1.50. Free illus- RIVERSIDE CALIFORNIA. We have everything unmasked, the true story, 1848 to 1880, docu- trated brochure. Pioneer Art Gallery, Box 726, for (he rock hound, pebble pups, interesting mented, authenticated as only Ed Bartholomew Twenty nine Palms, California. gifis for those who are not rock hounds. can do it! With 100 gunfights, frails, conmen, Minerals, slabs, rough materials, lapidary sup- gamblers, early West, 328 pages, clothbound, plies, mountings, equipment, black lights. Why postpaid $6. Frontier Book Company, Toyah- • DUDE-GUEST RANCHES net stop and browse? Shamrock Rock Shop, vale, Texas. DISCOVER A Dude Ranch five minutes from the 593 West La Cadena Drive, Riverside, Calif. center of fabulous Las Vegas entertainment. OVerland 6-3956. BEFORE YOU take that trip to old mining camps, Here is a complete Western Resort with fish- read Rocky Trails of the Past, either at your ing, boating, swimming, 18 hole golf ad- book store or the author, Charles Labbe, 210 jacent, stables, bar-b-ques. For families with • GEMS, MINERALS-FOSSILS Baltimore Street, Las Vegas, Nevada. children. Away from crowds with a vista of trees, waterfalls, lakes from your picture win- POCKET GOLD, rare, crystalized, $2. Placer gold CALIFORNIA WHISKEYTOWN, Bloody Point, dow. Enjoy a budget vacation. Rooms, kitch- $2. Gold dust $1. Goldbearing black sand $1. Mule Hill—dozens of interesting little-known enettes. Request brochure. Twin Lakes Lodge, Attractively displayed. Postpaid, guaranteed. historical sites including locations and de- P. O. Box 1539, Las Vegas, Nevada. Phone Lester Lea, Box 1125-D, Mount Shasta, Calif. scriptions. $1.95. Miracle Enterprises, 1825 878-2002. Miracle Mile, Tucson, Arizona. FOSSILS: New 1964 catalog now ready, 8 plates, REMUDA RANCH, fun for desert fans, 4-wheel 3000 species, $1. Largest stock anywhere. We "THE BOTTLE Trail" Volumes 1, 2 and 3. Pio- drive expeditions to ghost town and wilder- supply schools, museums, collectors, rock neer bottle histories, each: $1.65 postpaid. ness areas, trail rides, pack trips, "Arizona's shops, retail, wholesale. Buying, exchanging Mrs. May Jones, P. O. Box 23, Nara Visa, Riding Ranch" since 1925 with complete re- fossils, too! Malick's Fossils, 5514 Plymouth New Mexico—88430. sort facilities. Wickenburg 3, Arizona. Road, Baltimore, Maryland 21214. • INDIAN GOODS 8mm MOVIES: 50' color. Calico, California; San FIND LOST or hidden treasures with new tran- Francisco's Cable Cars; Virginia City, Nevada; sistor metal detector, underwater metal de- SELLING 20,000 Indian relics. 100 nice ancient California's Mother Lode; Death Valley. $4.95 tectors, scintillation counters, etc. Free litera- arrowheads $25. Indian skull $25. List free. each. Longstreet, 6977 Sunnydell, Hollywood, ture. Gardiner Electronics, Dept. 51, 2545 E. Lear's, Glenwood, Arkansas. California. Indian School Road, Phoenix, Arizona. WESTERN COLOR slides, National Parks, Monu- FIND GOLD, precious gemstones, minerals in AITHENTIC INDIAN jewelry, Navajo rugs, Chi- ments, nature, Indians, mountains, weather. streams and rivers, with the Explorer Portable mayo blankets, squaw boots. Collector's items. Request listings. Nesbit's Quality Approvals, Sluice Box $14.95. Free brochure and valuable Closed Tuesdays. Pow-Wow Indian Trading 711 Columbia Road, Colorado Springs, Colo. information. Johnson, Box 657-C, Lynwood, Post, 19967 Ventura Blvd., East Woodland California. Hills, Calif. Open Sundays. • PLACES TO STAY FIND BURIED gold, silver, coins, nuggets with FINE RESERVATION-MADE Navajo, Zuni, Hopi DEATH VALLEY rentals, nice furnished apart- improved "Dynatector." Guaranteed. $3. Free jewelry. Old pawn. Many fine old baskets, ments, bungalows, rooms, weekly, monthly, "Treasure Hunter's Guide" included. Dee, Box moderately priced, in excellent condition reasonable. Write: Manager Death Valley Junc- 7263-N21, Houston 8, Texas. Navajo rugs, Yei blankets, Chimayo blankets, tion, California or phone Death Valley Junc- pottery. A collector's paradise! Open daily tion No. 7. SUPERSENSITIVE TRANSISTOR treasure, coin 10 to 5:30, closed Mondays. Buffalo Trading detectors. Important new features. $19.95 up. Post, Highway 18, Apple Valley, California. • PLANTS, SEEDS Kits available. Free catalog. Relco—A-18, Box 10563, Houston 18, Texas. PLANT SPECIMENS in desert smoke trees, Joshua, COLUMBIA RIVER gempoints, private collection, willow, yucca, Ocotillo, holly, sugar bush. All FINEST TRANSISTOR metal locators, $34.95 to 120 perfect, ancient gempoints in two glass desert and all grown from seed. Rancho En- $275. Find coins, souvenirs, treasure. Informa- frames, $115. Photo 50c. Dick Sherman, Uma- vironmental Nursery, 71554 West Samarkand tive folder, "Metal Locating Kinks," 25c. t'lta 1, Oregon. Drive, Twentynine Palms, California. Since IGWTD, Williamsburg, New Mexico. Nursery is difficult to find, phone 367-6124 FUN AND profit finding buried treasure, relics FINE OLD Navajo silver pawn necklace, $125. for directions. with transistor M-Scope. Known worldwide for Several old Navajo blankets and rugs. Collec- super-sensitivity, dependability, guaranteed, tor's items. Box 972, Santa Cruz, California. 1964-65 WILDFLOiWER and Wild Tree Seed Cata- log, lists more than 700 of the best varieties very easy terms. Send for free literature, fas- including 65 new, choice kinds, 50c. Scientific cinating user experiences. Fisher Research, • JEWELRY name, common name, bonsai section, informa- Dept. JZ, Palo Alto, California. tive, artistic, fascinating, for the first time GENUINE TURQUOISE bolo ties $1.50, 11 stone trade secrets on germinating difficult seeds, METAL LOCATOR kits and assembled models tjrquoise bracelet $2. Gem quality golden no price increases, some decreases, a source from $39.90. Terms. Transistorized models t ger-eye $1.75 pound, beautiful mixed agate and reference book of quality with perma- available. Free catalog. Electronic Applications, baroques $3 pound. Postage and tax extra. nent value. Clyde Robin, P. O. Box 2091, Dept. D, Box 6095, Alexandria, Virginia. Tubby's Rock Shop, 2420V2 Honolulu Ave., Castro Valley, California. Atontrose, California. • WESTERN MERCHANDISE • REAL ESTATE • MANUSCRIPTS WANTED DESERT SUN-COLORED: 10 bottles, all different, FOR INFORMATION on desert acreage and par- $5. Purple pressed glass dishes. List. The WANTED: BOOK manuscripts, all descriptions, cels for sale in or near Twentynine Palms, Glass Bottle, Box 576, Lomita, Calif. 90717. please write to or visit: Silas S. Stanley, Realtor, fiction, nonfiction, religious, adventure, ro- GHOST TOWN items: Sun-colored glass, amethyst 73644 Twentynine Palms Highway, Twenty- nance, biography, etc. for sale to royalty to royal purple; ghost railroads materials, nine Palms, California. publishers. Write: Literary Agent Mead, Dept tickets; limited odd items from camps of the 6A, 915 Broadway, New York City 10. CHOICE MOUNTAIN view high desert (4100 '60s. Write your interest—Box 64-D, Smith, feet elevation) investment acreage, homes, ll/t Nevada. acre homesites, trades. Phelan Realty, Box • MAPS SAGUARO CACTUS candles, our design, 5 inch 8/M, Phelan, California. SECTIONIZED COUNTY maps - San Bernardino $1., 6'/2 inch—3 wicks $2., 11 inch—3 wicks 53; Riverside $1; Imperial, small $1, large $2; SEE TO appreciate, good commercial property in $3. Cova Creations, 3208 North Tucson Blvd., San Diego $1.25; Inyo $2.50; Kern $1.25; beautiful Sedona, three shops plus charming Tucson, Arizona. ether California counties $1.25 each. Nevada Early American two bedroom, family room in $5000 REWARD! Horse Thief, Train Robber, counties $1 each Include i percent sales tax. rear with many extras, patio, trees, view of Dancer, Rodeo posters, with your name, 75c Topographic maps of all mapped western the mountains. $38,500 trade or sale, $10,000 each, 4 for $2: Posters, Box 726, Twentynine areas. Westwide Maps Co., 114 West Third down cash, easy terms. Write: M. Sombart, Palms, California. Street, Los Angeles 13, California. Sedona, Arizona. FIVE TO thirty five flat acres, 26 miles south- WISH TO buy original C. M. Russell wax models • MINING east of Desert Center in Northeast quarter and other early western art. Will buy or Section 7 Township 9 South, Range 18 East trade Indian relics for above. George Kolbe, $1 FOR gold areas, 2.5 California counties. (Chuckwalla Spring Quadrange Map), $200 1219 Sunset Plaza Drive, Los Angeles 69, Calif. Geology, elevations. Pans $3, $2.50. Poke $1. per acre, 10% down. Realtor, Box 185, Cor- FREE PUBLICATION: "Death Valley" 25c hand- Fred Mark, Box 801, Ojai, California. ona, California. ling, mailing. Old 8x12" Western Railroad certificates, 1800's nicely engraved, $1 each. ASSAYS. COMPLETE, accurate, guaranteed. High- ROGUE RIVER Valley, Oregon ranch sites near Albert Maurer, 714V2 East Pierce, Phoenix 6, est quality spectrographic. Only $4.50 per Grants Pass and Medford, 5 to 80 acres low Arizona. sample. Reed Engineering, 620-R So. Ingle- as $99 down and $29 monthly. Free catalog. wood Ave., Inglewood, California. Cal-Ore Ranches, 1054-DX South Riverside, RANCH TRADING POST, Saturdays and Sun- Medford, Oregon. days only. Unusuals in colored glass and won- WEEKEND URANIUM prospector discovers he has IVi ACRES on Highway 111, Palm Springs, derful old bottles. Something for everyone bonanza gold quartz ores impregnated with $3950. 21/2 acres on Highway 138, Victorville, in our Country Shop. Monroe and 62nd Ave- visible gold. Must retrace field trips to relo- $3950. 20 acres, very well located, Thermal, nue, 8 miles south of Indio. cate veins. Have full knowledge of all areas $3950. 10% down, $50 per month, including prospected. Desires partner to finance pro- interest, or cash. Bandringa, Owner, Box 304, • MISCELLANEOUS ject. Write: Box 274, San Gabriel, California. Hesperia, California. SOUR DOUGH biscuit or pancake recipe, full directions, $1 each. Frank Murdock, Dalhart, • OLD COINS, STAMPS • TREASURE FINDERS~~ Texas. UNCIRCULATED DOLLARS. 1898-99-1900-01-02-04 NEW-FLUORESCENT mineral detector that de- IF THAT tan you want turns to painful sunburn, tects boron, fluorine, lithium, molybdenum, O mint $3.50 each. Illustrated Coin Catalog. let Kip Ointment or Antiseptic Oil soothe the strontium, tungsten, uranium, zinc, zirconium £0c. Shultz, Salt Lake City, Utah 84110. fire out. Kip lifts pain promptly, lessens and other minerals. Cigarette pack size, day- chances of scarring, gives antiseptic protection, light operation, requires no batteries. Price heals tortured skin quickly. Handy, too, for • PHOTO SUPPLIES SI 2.50. Free brochure. Essington Products & Engineering, Box 4174, Coronado Station, Santa nasty little cuts and scratches, skinned elbows RAPID, CONVENIENT mail service for quality Fe, New Mexico. and knees, minor skin ills and tender galls. black-white or color film finishing. Write for To be safe tomorrow, get Kip today—at all our free bargain brochure. The complete pho- TREASURE MAP, giant 30" by 60", verified loca- drug stores in tubes or in 'A Ib. tins, or send tographic store since 1932: Morgan Camera tions, every state. $3 postpaid. Hano, 1598 10c for sample to Kip, 778 E. Pico, Los Angeles Shop, 6262 Sunset Blvd., Hollywood 28, Calif. Third Avenue, New York City. 21. Keep Kip handy. abundantly in western Nevada and eastern California, the tuffs in beds of volcanic deposits, the tufas in the lake beds of ancient and modern lakes. In some cases, LETTERS they are found together by accidents of FROM OUR READERS Nature, not by kinship. The two groups of rocks are not alike. A little hydrochloric acid on calcareous Petroglyphs . . . Tortoise . . . tufa will fizz, showing it is composed of carbonate, or limestone, which emits car- To the Editor: The November DESERT To the Editor: Please mention to your read- bon dioxide gas from its solid structure. magazine has arrived and I commend you ers that the basic needs of the desert tor- Neither tuff, nor any other fresh volcanic on a very interesting article. We are work- otise are sun, shade, a proper place to rock, will respond to this test because such ing ahead on a major effort of analyzing hibernate, and lettuce to eat. This rapidly rocks are composed of silica, silicates and data on California petroglyphs and picto- disappearing tortoise should not be main- other non-carbonate materials. Carbonates graphs and hope to have the project com- tained in captivity unless all of these re- are destroyed when subjected to the in- pleted in about a year. I will surely keep quirements are observed. tense heat of volcanic activities. you in mind in connection with any releases NOEL McFARLAND pertaining to this work. It is true that science recognizes the Valyermo, California ROBERT F. HEIZER existence of welded tuffs, glassy materials Director Archeological Research. partly fused in the intensely hot gas flames University of California Berkeley DESERT Collector . . . just above the vent of a volcano. But such To the Editor: I am glad to see DESERT materials look like a mixture of pumice, Magazine back on the ball. The last few tuff, and glass. They have no regular struc- To the Editor: I have often visited the ture and do not respond to the acid test. petroglyph area in Inyo County and was in- issues have been great—just like DESERT used to be when Randall Henderson man- Mr. Miller simply jumped to conclusions terested in the article by Choral Pepper in before he finished his homework. the November '63 issue. One fact seems aged it. clear—when the petroglyphs were made REY BARNHART It is true, these tufas of the Lahontan there was more water in the area than there Chula Vista, California Basin(s) are neither cave nor spring de- is today, especially along the old waterway posits. They were deposited from solution from Owens Lake and south where water in the brackish water near shore and in once ran on its way to Searls Lake. There- Pegleg Again . . . shallow bays of the not-so-ancient Lake La- fore, when water ran south out of Owens To the Editor: In answer to the Filer re- hontan and its modern remnants. Walker Valley there could have been no soda de- quest regarding the name of a spring in Lake and Pyramid Lake. Similar tufa deposit as there is now in Owens Lake. I ask- the Old Woman Mountains (September '63) posits are found below the highest shore ed the U. S. Geological Department how the name is Azalias. named for Pegleg's lines of Mono Lake, Searles Lake, Pana- long it would have taken to deposit the daughter who supposedly lived there with mint Lake, Salton Sea, and many others. amount of mineral salts now there. The him for several years. Eunice Gallinari, They never are found ABOVE the highest answer was that sodium carbonates take Essex postmistress, is the person to see for shore lines of these lakes, except as fossils about 3500 years and sodium chloride about further information. in uplifted ancient strata. 4500 years. Therefore, these writings must have happened before these dates. Please cancel our subscription to DES- These tufas are made of calcium car- ERT. We feel the magazine is becoming too bonate that was dissolved in the lake, wash- JOHN WARDLE DIXON commercial in its views. ed down by streams from weathered moun- Fresno, California MRS. JAMES GEARY tains. The living agents that bring about Essex, California this precipitation are various species of Through the eyes of Gardner . . . green and blue-green algae, of which slimy colonies live on the surface of rocks be- To the Editor: Delighted to see the beau- EDITOR'S COMMENT: To meet the high neath the water. tiful color and read the informative articles costs of publication today, magazines that in the November '63 issue. Feeling the pulse- are not subsidized by a state, government, The various shapes of these tufa de- beat of the desert through the experienced agency or organization must accept adver- posits all are radial and laminated in struc- senses of Erie Stanley Gardner is invalu- tising or else raise subscription rates to ture, growing outward in all possible direc- able. such a high price that few could afford tions from the base or center, adding layer them. DESERT is both proud of and upon layer at the periphery. Algal colonies ARTHUR L. ROULEAU grateful to its advertisers and hopes that Azusa, California of different species develop bases of differ- readers who appreciate this distinctive pub- ent shapes, and colonies on ledges develop lication will support its advertisers as its reef contours different from those on Credit Where Credit Is Due . . . advertisers support it. C.P. muddy submerged flats, the prime home of To the Editor: In your December '63 issue small water-biscuits. The first statue made by Antone Martin in To the Editor: DESERT Magazine is the Yucca Valley was built half on our land. best you can buy! In the November '63 In contrast with these orderly growths Mrs. E. Jones, not a well woman, carried issue there was a letter from one of the of tufa, the volcanic luffs, as they fall from cement and water for its foundation. Ralph Farley brothers who owns the Izalia Spring the sky in a loose shower of dust, mud Mondinger spent three hours taking movies property with Pegleg's name carved on a and pellets, have no ways of forming them- of placing the statue on its foundation. An- rock. I wonder if Mr. Farley knows that selves into symmetrical units. Under the tone Martin had the statue in his yard in there were two Pegleg Smiths? One sold influence of explosion, wind, rain and L.A. and didn't know what to do with it, gas and oil at the west end of the old floods, they become stratified into layers so Ed Garner took his old truck and brought plank road and the other put his name on and harden that way into rocks that grade it here. the rocks. from fine tuffs to coarse brecchias and conglomerates, the •Hatter often containing MRS. A. MORTENSEN In 1925 I prospected with an old man who pebble of contrasting colors. Yucca Valley. California had found Pegleg's coat in the Carco Ma- chacha Mountains. He'd been searching for These wonderful limestone growths are To the Editor: It has always been my Pegleg's mine for 30 years, but claimed equal in scientific and educational interest policy to let the reader know who provides that he never found it. although he always to the Petrified Forest National Park and the necessary expert information in my had gold when he came from the Carco the Bristle Cone Pine Reserve of the White articles. In my Treasure Hunting two-part Mountains. When the mine is found, it'll Mountains. It is hoped that the rock-loving series in November and December '63 is- be found there. public and their governments will take im- sues of DESERT, I regret that you deleted GEORGE AYRES mediate steps to protect them against the the name of Curt Fisher, head of Under- ravages of a marauding horde. For the sake ground Explorations, from my copy. Curt San Diego. California of all. let these wonders remain where they took the trouble to fly all of the way down from San Francisco to help me with the Tuff No, Tufa Si ... second part of the series and I feel he ALBERT E. THOMPSON should be identified. To the Editor: The article. "Tuff. Si! Tufa, No!", by Vern Miller in your issue of De- Teacher, General Science LEE OERTLE cember, 1963 is almost entirely erroneous Kerman Union High School La Verne, California and misleading. Both tuff and tufa occur Kerman, California NOW... Start Enjoying "THE BEST of TWO WORLDS" WESTERN UVING

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BOOMING NEVADA IS EQUALED BY ONLY A FEW PLACES IN THE WORLD. Population has surged Westward in ever increasing numbers. Westward to Nevada, where the air is fresh and clear, taxes are low or non- existent and opportunity is open to all. Yes, Nevada is booming and real estate investors are prospering. It is a proven fact that many purchasers of Nevada acreage have realized fabulous profits from small investments. Now, a NEW Nevada Real Estate Opportunity exists for you. This Ground Floor Opportunity is MEADOW VALLEY RANCHOS, located only 1 Vi miles from the thriving city of EIko, Nevada. GOLF: A mere one mile from MEA- THE VERY BEST FEATURES OF TWO WORLDS DOW VALLEY RANCHOS is the Ruby View Golf Course. No rush for start- ...THE WORLD OF THE WEST Located in prosperous EIko County, the ranchos ing times on this city owned and have the backdrop of the majestic Ruby Mountains. The sparkling Humboldt maintained golf course, but golfing River is a short Vz mile away. Every Rancho fronts on a graded road that as it should be enjoyed. Play a leis- leails into coast to coast U.S.* Highway 40. Amidst these spectacular sur- urely 9-18 or 36 holes surrounded roundings MEADOW VALLEY RANCHO owners can relax and enjoy the won- by breathtaking scenery, minutes derful life of the Golden West. from your rancho. ...THE WORLD OF CITY CONVENIENCES: The bustling city of EIko with its YOUR OWN LAKE...You, and your in- modern schools, shops, theaters, hospital and airport is only IV2 miles vited guests will spend many happy away. New homes, with FHA financing committments issued, are now hours boating, fishing and picnicking under construction ... less than 1 mile from the property. The Experi- at nearby Lake Osino. There is no enced, Successful Developers of MEADOW VALLEY RANCHOS are not offer- charge to Rancho owners for full ing remote land where purchasers have to hope for progress and rights to the use of this private multi- expansion. They offer you the opportunity of a life time, a chance to acre lake and park area. participate in Nevada's continuing boom ... Minutes from the conveni- PROVEN OPPORTUNITY: Yes, individuals are taking advantage of Nevada ences of hospitable EIko, in the midst of current growth and progress, opportunity. But the country's leading corporations are also investing MEADOW VALLEY RANCHOS has all the necessary ingredients to skyrocket in their Nevada futures. Industrial giants, who erect plants where in- in value! creasing land values and population demand them, are building or \' 1$$* ,'iPfc ' JHteJ! jfflfcj FISHING: ln Jewel like lakes, have secured acreage throughout Nevada. fc-S?S| I and mountain fed bottom J LOW OR NON-EXISTENT TAXES: As a result of Nevada's low realistic tax \ ¥ ^P^%- 1 Mu3LiI£5 streams you'll catch trophy structure, Profits And Wages Are Kept; not paid out to the state. NEVADA \ j» "T^ X m~l-£*rjp size German Browns, Rainbow HAS NO STATE INCOME, INHERITANCE, CORPORATION OR GIFT TAX. The low - and Brook Trout . . . large real property tax is definitely limited by the state constitution. YES, NEVADA mouth fighting Bass. RANCHO IS ONE OF OUR LAST FRONTIERS OF TAX FREEDOM! owners can catch their dinner within easy driving distance TOTAL COSTS: The full price of the title to your Vh acre Rancho is only BflL3F%ffv:• - • of the property lines. $595.00. Complete payment schedule is $1.00 down and $10.00 per month. No interest, no carrying charges. Live, Vacation or Retire on your land, or HUNTING: Hunters from all corners of tue globe come to EIko County to simply hold for investment security. Wise men like Andrew Carnegie said, hunt the big game species Mule Deer . . . Quail, Chukar, and Partridge are "More money has been made in Real Estate than in all industrial investments combined." Make MEADOW VALLEY RANCHOS' PROSPEROUS FUTURE —YOUR found in abundance. FUTURE. DON'T MISS THIS GOLDEN OPPORTUNITY!

~~MEADOW VALLEY RANCHOS 2182 Stockmen Bldg., EIko, Nevada MAIL COUPON TODAY~~

Yes! — Reserve acreage at MEADOW VALLEY RANCHOS tor me — 2V2 acre parcel, $595 — payable $1 down and $10 a month, no interest no carrying charges. Send purchase contract and map showing exact location of my holding You will return my deposit if I request same within 30 days. Have indicated below number of Ranchos desired'.

SIZE PER Name:_ ACRES DOWN MO. 2V2 $1 $10 Address_ 5 $2 $15 7Vi $3 $20 Clty:- _Zone:_ -State:. MEADOW VALLEY RANCHOS 10 $4 $25 2182 Stockmen Bldg., EIko, Nevada Indicate No. of Ranchos Total enclosed $- -

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