Realwidget:Diseño E Implementación De Dispositivos Visuales Basados

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Realwidget:Diseño E Implementación De Dispositivos Visuales Basados Resumen Este proyecto estudia y desarrolla un escenario de Inteligencia Ambiental (AmI) que implementa las últimas tecnologías de visualización y redes de sensores inalámbricas. Mantiene como uno de los objetivos desarrollar un producto para permitir la visualización, rápida y en cualquier lugar del entorno, de información situada tanto en Internet como obtenida por los diversos sensores. El proyecto está basado en diversos lenguajes de programación, como Java, NesC y contempla datos en formato XML. Se ha desarrollado además de una sencilla aplicación de usuario disponible para un ordenador de sobremesa mediante la que el usuario podrá programar la información que desea visualizar en el dispositivo de visualización. Para desarrollar el dispositivo de visualización se ha empleado una mota mica2 de la compañía Crossbow a la que se le ha integrado una pantalla microOLED de la empresa 4D Systems. Además para darle funcionalidad al sistema se han utilizado otros dispositivos mica2 que permiten la obtención de datos del entorno. La comunicación con el PC se realiza a través de una estación base que se comunica con el puerto serie mediante un cable RS232-USB utilizando un software conocido como serial forwarder . Todas las motas mica2 han sido programadas en NesC mientras que el programa que realiza el interfaz de usuario y la obtención de datos de la red se ha programado en Java. La integración de estas dos tecnologías se ha conseguido gracias a la herramienta MIG, disponible en TinyOS-1.X, sistema operativo del que disponen las motas mica2 . Descriptores Widget Crossbow Motes microOLED NesC TinyOS iii iv Índice 1. Introducción ........................................................................................................................ 1 2. Estado del arte.................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Redes de sensores inalámbricas.................................................................................... 6 2.1.1 Estado actual de las redes de sensores inalámbricas ............................................ 6 2.1.2 Futuro de las redes de sensores inalámbricas (ZIGBEE) ..................................... 10 2.1.3 Sistema operativo de las redes de sensores inalámbricas ................................... 11 2.2 Tecnologías de visualización ........................................................................................ 12 2.3 Lenguajes de programación de alto nivel ..................................................................... 14 2.3.1 Evolución de Internet ............................................................................................. 14 2.3.2 Evolución de los lenguajes de programación (java) .............................................. 17 2.3.2.1 Java............................................................................................................... 19 2.3.2.2 Evoluciones del lenguaje (AJAX).................................................................. 24 2.4 Widgets ......................................................................................................................... 25 3. Justificación ...................................................................................................................... 29 4. Estudio de posibles Escenarios de Uso ........................................................................... 31 4.1 Entorno Residencial ...................................................................................................... 32 4.2 Entorno Industrial .......................................................................................................... 34 4.3 Planteamiento del escenario......................................................................................... 35 5. Objetivos y alcance........................................................................................................... 37 6. Metodología ...................................................................................................................... 39 7. Desarrollo.......................................................................................................................... 43 7.1 Diagramas de bloques de la solución ........................................................................... 44 7.2 Desarrollo de la Capa uno ............................................................................................ 48 v 7.2.1 Crossbow y su plataforma motes...........................................................................48 7.2.2 Hardware................................................................................................................52 7.2.2.1 RealWidget ....................................................................................................56 7.2.2.1.1 Fabricación de placas circuitales mediante la utilización de una fresadora LPFK 58 7.2.2.2 Chair ..............................................................................................................61 7.2.2.3 Container .......................................................................................................63 7.2.2.4 Estación base ................................................................................................65 7.2.3 Software .................................................................................................................65 7.2.3.1 TinyOS y NesC..............................................................................................65 7.2.3.1.1 Ejemplo de aplicación .........................................................................71 7.2.3.1.2 Breves nociones de programación TinyOS ........................................72 7.2.3.2 Formato de los paquetes que enviados por la red........................................77 7.2.3.3 Xserve ...........................................................................................................86 7.2.3.4 RealWidget ....................................................................................................90 7.2.3.4.1 Graphic Componer..............................................................................91 7.2.3.4.2 NesC ...................................................................................................92 7.2.3.5 Chair ..............................................................................................................98 7.2.3.6 Container .....................................................................................................101 7.2.3.7 Estación base ..............................................................................................103 7.3 Integración de la capa uno con la capa dos................................................................104 7.4 Desarrollo de la capa dos del proyecto.......................................................................105 7.4.1 RWBasePlatform..................................................................................................107 7.4.2 RWProxies ...........................................................................................................108 7.4.2.1 RWProxyWeather........................................................................................111 vi 7.5 Análisis comparativo DE mercado .............................................................................. 114 7.6 PROBLEMAS, Conclusiones y ampliaciones ............................................................. 116 8. Planificación.................................................................................................................... 118 9. Presupuesto.................................................................................................................... 121 10. Plan de Negocio ............................................................................................................. 123 11. Bibliografía...................................................................................................................... 125 12. Anexos ............................................................................................................................ 127 Anexo 1: Acrónimos............................................................................................................... 127 Anexo 2: Diagrama de bloques de la plataforma Mica 2....................................................... 130 Anexo 3: Manual de Usuario.................................................................................................. 136 vii Índice de Figuras Figura 1: Evolución de ordenadores por usuario en los últimos años (fuente: Andesen consulting) Figura 2: Topologías de red Figura 3: Plataforma Smart Dust Figura 4: Red Motes Figura 5: uOLED 128-0 de 4D Systems Figura 6: Tecnologías coexistentes en Internet Figura 7: Entorno de aplicación XML Figura 8: Evolución de Internet Figura 9: Evolución de los lenguajes de programación Figura 10: Flujo de un programa java Figura 11: Ejemplo de Widgets(Yahoo Widgets) Figura 12: Estudio sobre conexiones a Internet en el entorno residencial (fuente: ASIMELEC) Figura 13: Planteamiento del escenario Figura 14: Diagramas de bloques de la solución Figura 15: Gama de productos de la empresa Crossbow (fuente Crossbow corp.) Figura 16: Entornos de programación Figura 17: Plataforma Motes Figura 18: Diagrama de bloques de una Mota Mica2 y su equivalente físico Figura 19: Arquitectura del módulo de comunicaciones de la plataforma Mica2 (Crossbow corp ) Figura 20: Conexionado de la antena de las motas
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