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The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan the Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature (RSCN)

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The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan the Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature (RSCN) The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan The Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature (RSCN) Evaluation of the Protected Areas Management Effectiveness in Jordan (2008) ﺍﻟﻣﻠﺧﺹ ﺍﻟﺗﻧﻔﻳﺫﻱ ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺸﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﺘﺄﺴﻴﺱ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ، ﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺴﺒﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺭ ﻤﻭﻗﻌﺎ. ﺘﻘﺴﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺴﺘﺔ ﻋﺸﺭ ﻤ ﻭ ﻗ ﻌ ﺎﹰ ﺃﺭﻀﻴﺎﹰ ﻭ ﻤﻭﻗﻊﺍﹰ ﺍﹰﺒﺤﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﺍﹰ. ﺩﺃﺒﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﻤﻨﺫ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﻴﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻤﻜﻨﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺱ ﻭﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺘﺘﻭﺯﻉ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺃﻨﺤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ. ﻭﻓﻭﻀﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺒﺘﺄﺴﻴﺱ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ. ﺤﺘﻰ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺒﺘﺄﺴﻴﺱ ﺴﺕ ﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻫﻲ: ﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﻀﺎﻨﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻱ، ﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ، ﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺯﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ، ﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻭﻤﺭﻱ ﻟﻸﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻴﺔ، ﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﻏﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﻋﺠﻠﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﻏﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﺩﺒﻴﻥ، ﻜﻤﺎ ﻓﻭﻀﺕ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺈﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﺤﻤﻴﺘﺎ ﺭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ. ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺜﻼﺜﻴﻥ ﻋﺎﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺀ ﺒﺘﺄﺴﻴﺱ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒﻝ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ. ﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺠﻬﺩ ﻤﺸﺘﺭﻙ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻲ ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺔ . ﻭﻗﺩ ﻀﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﻤﺩﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺸﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻓﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺨﺒﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻌﻭﺙ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺘﺤﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻲ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ. ﻴﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﻭﺼﻑ ﺩﻗﻴﻕ ﻭ ﻤﻔﺼﻝ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺩﻯ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ، ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻭﺝ ﺒﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ. ﻟﻘﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻁﻭﺭﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒﻝ ﺍﻹﺘﺤﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻲ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ . ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﻤﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺴﺘﺔ ﻋﻭﺍﻤﻝ ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ: 1) ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ 2) ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ 3) ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨﻼﺕ 4) ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ 5) ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ 6) ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ. ﻭﻴﻘﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﺘﺤﻠﻴﻝ ﻤﻔﺼﻝ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻴﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻝ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ. ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺒﺄﻥ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺸﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﻱﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ 56 ﻭ 83 ﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﺒﺄﻥ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻫﻭ 93 ﻨﻘﻁﺔ. ﺇﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺘﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻙ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﻤﻘﺒﻭﻝ ﻟﻠﻔﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﻴﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻪ ﻟﺼﻭﻥ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺩﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ. ﻭﻗﺩ ﺤﻘﻘﺕ ﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺯﺭﻕ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﻟﻠﻌﻼﻤﺎﺕ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺒﻠﻎ 83 ﻨﻘﻁﺔ، ﻴﺘﺒﻌﻬﺎ ﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﻀﺎﻨﺎ ﻭﻋﺠﻠﻭﻥ 79 ﻨﻘﻁﺔ، ﺃﻤﺎ ﺃﻗﻝ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﻟﻠﻌﻼﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺴﺠﻝ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻭﻤﺭﻱ ﻭﺒﻠﻎ 56 ﻨﻘﻁﺔ ، ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻜﺱ ﺍﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻝﻫﺫﻩ ﺍ ﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺼﻴﺎﻨﺘﻬﺎ ، ﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺍﺭ ، ﺍﻷﺒﺤﺎﺙ ، ﺠﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ، ﻨﻘﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ، ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺇﺸﺭﺍﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻬﺔ ﻟﻬﻡ. ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺼﻭﻝ ﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺯﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻑ ﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﻭﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺠﻴﺩﺓ ﻟﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻭﻋﻤﻝ ﺠﺭﺩ ﻟﻠﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻭﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻤﺔ . ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺨﻁﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺨﻁﺔ ﻋﻤﻝ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ ﻋﻤﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺴﻬﻴﻝ ﻭﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ، ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺩ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺴﻬﻴﻝ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﻗﻠﻝ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺩﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ. ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻋﺎﻤﻝ ﻤﻬﻡ ﺠﺩﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻭﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺼﻝ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﺒﺸﻜﻝ ﺩﺍﺌﻡ، ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﻌﻤﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺸﺎﻤﻝ ﻤﻭﺠﻪ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺌﺩﺓ ﻟﻔﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻭﺘﺭﺴﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺒﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ، ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺯﺭﻕ. ﻴﻠﺨﺹ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻴﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺒﺭﺯﺕ ﺨﻼﻝ ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺘﺤﻠﻴﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﻭﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺒﻊ ، ﻭﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺒﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﻤﻊ ﻜﺎﺩﺭ ﻜﻝ ﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ. ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﺝ ﻭﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻜﻝ ﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ. ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻵﺨﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺘﺤﻠﻴﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ ﻜﻝ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩﻯ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ: ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻷﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ، ﻓﻘﺩ ﺤﺼﻠﺕ ﻤﺤﻤﻴﺘﺎ ﺍﻷﺯﺭﻕ ﻭﺩﺒﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﻟﻠﻌﻼﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ. ﺘﺒﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﺤﻤﻴﺘﺎ ﺭﻡ ﻭﻋﺠﻠﻭﻥ. ﺃﻤﺎ ﺃﻗﻝ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺴﺠﻝ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﺏ. ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﻼﺌﻤﺎ ﻭﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﻠﻨﺔ ﻜﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺒﺸﻜﻝ ﺭﺴﻤﻲ. ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ ﺤﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﻜﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ . ﻭﻴﻤﺘﻠﻙ ﻜﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ، ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻜﻝ ﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻭﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﻴﻥ، ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺤﺼﻠﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻔﻭﻴﺽ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠﻝ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡﺍﺕ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺓﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﻟﻸﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ. ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺃﺜﺭ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ، ﻓﻘﺩ ﺤﺼﻠﺕ ﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺯﺭﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﻭﻋﺠﻠﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﻟﻠﻌﻼﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺤﺼﻠﺕ ﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻭﻤﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺩﻨﻰ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﻟﻠﻌﻼﻤﺎﺕ، ﻭﻗﺩ ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺃﻥ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻫﺩﻑ ﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﺃﺴﺴﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠﻠﻪ ، ﻭﺘﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻑ . ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻻ ﻴﻨﻁﺒﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻭﻤﺭﻱ ﻷﻥ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻓﻬﺎ ﻗﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﻤﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ ﻭ ﻟﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ ﻭﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺍﻵﻥ، ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﻟﻴﺸﻤﻝ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺒﻴﺌﻴﺎ، ﻭﺘﻤﺘﻠﻙ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺨﻁﺔ ﻝﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻔﺘﻘﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻵﻤﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺨﻁﻁﻬﺎ. ﺃﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻁ ﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺇﻤﺎ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻭﻤﻁﺒﻘﺔ ، ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻀﻴﺭ، ﺃﻭ ﻤﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ ، ﺃﻭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻝ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻭﻤﺭﻱ. ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺩﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻴﻘﻭﻤﻭﺍ ﺒﺘﺤﻀﻴﺭ ﺨﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻝ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻤﺤﻤﻴﺘﻬﻡ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻱﺩﻋﻡ ﻭﻴﺴﻬﻝ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻝ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ. ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻝﻟﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﻴﻁﺒﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺒﺸﻜﻝ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻨﺘﻅﻡ ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻼﺌﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﻥ. ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﻻ ﺘﺅﺨﺫ ﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻝ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﺭﻡ. ﺃﻤﺎ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺩﺨﻼﺕ ﻑﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺃﺜﺭ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ، ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻤﺜﻝ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺏ ﻟﻤﻭﻅﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ. ﺴﺠﻝ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﻟﻠﻌﻼﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﺩﺒﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﻭﺍﻷﺯﺭﻕ. ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺴﺠﻝ ﺃﺩﻨﻰ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﻟﻠﻌﻼﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻭﻤﺭﻱ. ﻭﻗﺩ ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻟﺩﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﻤﺴﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺇﻴﻜﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﺘﻅﻤﺔ ﻭﺘﻨﻔﺫ ﺒﺸﻜﻝ ﺩﻭﺭﻱ . ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻜﺎﻓﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ، ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻋﺩﺍ ﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺔ ﻭﺭﻡ ﻭﻋﺠﻠﻭﻥ ﺃﻗﻝ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ ، ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻴﻕ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻤﺔ ، ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﻭﺨﺼﻭﺼﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﺩ ﺒﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻟﻴﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻷﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻝ ﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ . ﻭﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤﻝ ﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ ﺍﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻟﻜﻝ ﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ، ﻭﺒﺸﻜﻝ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﻘﺒﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﺔ ﺴﻨﻭﻴﺎ ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺤﺴﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﺘﻭﺍﻓﻕ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ، ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﺍﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻭﻴﻝ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻭﺍﺠﻪ ﺘﺄﺨﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻝ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻭﻤﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺔ ﻭﺭﻡ. ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ . ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠﻝ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﺜﻝ ﺇﺸﺭﺍﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ . ﻭﻗﺩ ﺴﺠﻝ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﻟﻠﻌﻼﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﺠﻠﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﺯﺭﻕ ﻭﻀﺎﻨﺎ ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺴﺠﻝ ﺃﺩﻨﻰ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﻟﻠﻌﻼﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻭﻤﺭﻱ . ﻭﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻸﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺠﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻤﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺒﺸﻜﻝ ﻜﺎﻤﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺒﺸﻜﻝ ﺠﺯﺌﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ، ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺩﺭﺠﺔ ، ﻭﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ . ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﻀﻴﺭ ﺨﻁﻁ ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺨﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻝ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﻴﺘﺎ ﺭﻡ ﻭﻀﺎﻨﺎ. ﺃﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺠﻴﺔ ﻑﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﺝ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺌﻕ. ﺒﺸﻜﻝ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻋﻨﺼﺭ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻋﻨﺼﺭﺍ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻲ ﻷﻨﻪ ﻴﻌﻤﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﻷﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺒﺴﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻴﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ. ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻁﺭﺤﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒﻝ ﻤﺩﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ، ﺨﺼﻭﺼﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒﻝ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ ، ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﻓﺯ ﻭﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺴﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺍﺘﺏ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻭﻀﻭﺡ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻭﻴﺽ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺩﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ. ﺃﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﺩﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻡ ﻤﺴﺒﻕ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ، ﻭﺍﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻝ ﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ. ﺃﻡ ﺍ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﺍﺕ ﺒﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺨﺼﻭﺼﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻭﻤﺭﻱ، ﺃﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺼﻴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﺍﺕ ﻓﺄﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻋﻤﻝ ﺼﻴﺎﻨﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺤﻭ ﻤﻼﺌﻡ ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻨﺔ ﻟﺘﺨﻁﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﻭﺍﺕ ﻤﺜﻝ ﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺼﻴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ. ﺃﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺘﻤﺘﻠﻙ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺘﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﻭﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﺸﻜﻝ ﻜﺎﻤﻝ ﺒﺄﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺘﻬﺎ ، ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻻ ﻴﻨﻁﺒﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﻀﺎﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻔﺘﻘﺭ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ، ﻭﻻﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻟﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺽﺒﺎﻁ ﺘﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﻤﺴﺌﻭﻝﻴﻥ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻤﻊ ﻓﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ. ﺃﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻤﻴﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺩﻴﻥ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺁﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﺘﺼﺎﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺩﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻤﻴﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺩﻴﻥ . ﺃﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻁﻨﺔ ﺩﺍﺨﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺤﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﺅﺴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺸﺭﺍﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ. ﺃﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﻓﺄﻥ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺘﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺒﺸﻜﻝ ﻤﻼﺌﻡ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﻐﻠﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠﻝ ﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺨﺒﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ. ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ، ﺴﺠﻝ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﻟﻠﻌﻼﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﻀﺎﻨﺎ ﻭﺍﻷﺯﺭﻕ ﻭﻋﺠﻠﻭﻥ ﻭﺭﻡ ﻭﺩﺒﻴﻥ ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺴﺠﻝ ﺃﺩﻨﻰ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﻟﻠﻌﻼﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺔ. ﺃﻅﻬﺭ ﺘﺤﻠﻴﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﻤﻼﺌﻤﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻭﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ، ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﻤﺘﻠﻙ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﻟﺘﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻭﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ ﺍﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﺒﺄﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﺜﻝ ﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﻓﺭﺹ ﻋﻤﻝ ﻤﻼﺌﻤﺔ ٍﻤﻭﺠﻬﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻓﺔ ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﺍﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﺩﺨﻝ ﻭﻓﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺘﻘﺩﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ .
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