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Ff:M>~R @N~~N~~~~N&» ~L~@Lkq)~~ ~F1ljjujj\F ff:M>~r @n~~n~~~~n&» ~l~@lKQ)~~ ~f1ljJUJJ\f ~f((01M{~ [}i~JF~rR~ ® 711. TOWN & COUNTRY l7#SJ 3099 456 PLANNING E'OARD ~ GIP:V wp6 llla:D ---~--- MPE LIBRARY lllllll\ll\lll\l\ll\\lll\lll\llll\lllll\llll\11111 M0004100 TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING.BOARD EAST GIPPSLAND REGIONAL STUDY \;. WORKING PAPER NO. 6 ACCESSIBILITY TO COMMUNITY SERVICES AND FACILITIES SEPTFJ.mE.R '.1977 / 711: 3099. 4603396 456 GIP:V Accessibility to wp6 ~ommunity services and facilities L__ TABLE O~ CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE INTRODUCTION 1 1 The Meaning and Characteristics of Accessibility 4 2 The Distribution of Population and 'Needs Groups" 8 3. Analysis of Accessibility to Specific Services 22 4. Policy Implications 34 ~\ r----------~~----------------- LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE 2.1 Population Distribution in t..~e East Gippsland Region 1966/1976. 9 2.2 Population of Selected Towns in East Gippsland 10 2.3 Share of Total Regional Population by Age Group in Municipalities of East Gippslend, 1976. 12 2.4 Population Living within a Radius of 40 kilo~~tres from Sale, Bairnsdale, Maffra and Orbost Urban Centres (by Age Group) 30th June, 1976. 13 2.5 Population Aged e-4 years in Municipalities of East Gippsland 1971, 1976. 14 . 2.6 Distribution of Population of Primary School Age in East Gippsland Region 1971, 1976. 15 2.7 Distribution of Popule.tion of Secondary School Age in• East Gippsl~.nd Region 1971, 1976. 16 2.8 Changes in the Dist:ribution of Population Aged 65 years and over 1971, 1976. 17 2.9 Percentage Distribution by Municipality of Aged Pensioners and Aged Population in East Gippsland. 19 2.10 Distribution of Persons receiving Unemployment _Benefits in East Gippsland 1974, 197C. 20 I / ,/ 2.11 Supporting Mothers receiving Benefit Payments as a Percentage of Total Number of Supporting Mother Benefit Recipients in East Gippsland, December, 1976. 21 3.1 Primary School Enrolments in Municipalities of East Gippsland. 24 3.2 Enrolments in Secondary Schools In East Gippsland. 24 3.3 Availability of Medical Services in Shires of East Gippsland 1977. 28 3.4 Distribution by Municipality of Persons requiring Hospitalization.in East Gippsland 1973 -1974.' 28 3.5 Hospitals Attended by Persons Requiring Hospitalization in East Gippsland 1973- 1974. 29 3.6 Percentage Distribution of Hospital Attendances of Residents of Municipalities of East Gippsland by Hospital Attended 1973, 1974. 29 3.7 Attendances at Bush Nursing Centres in East Gippsland 1971/72, 1974/75. 30 3.8 Use of District Nursing Centres in East Gippsland, 1971/72, 1974/75. 31 3.9 Availability of Health Services in East Gippsland Region, 1952. 31 3.10 Institutional Facilities for Care of the Aged in East Gippsland. 33 LIST OF TP..BLES (cont'd) 3.11 Origin of Persons Attending Gippsland__ .Hame-and Hospital for the Aged. 33 4.1 Availability of Motor Vehicles at Private Dwellings 36 In East Gippsland 1971~ LIST OF FIGURES PAGE ':..FlGURE 1. Components of Accessibility - Idealised Model 4 8 2. Population Distribution 1976 Nuxnber of Aged Pensioners in East Gippsland, August 3. 18 1974 - April 1977. Nuxnber of Persons Receiving Unemployment Benefit 4. 19 in East Gippsland, March 1974 to November, 1976. 22 5. Location of Primary Schools in East Gippsland. Catchment Areas of School Bus Services in East 6. 23 ._, Gippsland 1977 • 27 7. Hospitals and Nursing Centres in East Gippsland 27 8. Doctors Dentists and Chemists in East Gippsland 27 9. Ambulance Jfr~_s in East Gippsland. ""·- t •••• INTRODUCTION 1. A PROGRAMME OF REGIONAL PLANNING STUDIES During 1976/77, the Town and Country Planning Board, in conjunction with the East Gippsland Regional Planning Committee, is undertaking a programme of studies relating to various aspects of planning for the future of the East Gippsland Region.. The study programme is divided into a number of separate study activities and tasks, as summarised below: 1. STUDY ACTIVITY TASK 1. Demographic and Economic Factors A.;. Analysis of Structure B- Industry Analysis c- Projection of Employment and Population 2. Land/Resource Use Conflicts A- Review of Patterns B- Identification of Conserva­ tion Areas c- Rural Subdivision 3. Physical Infrastructure and Basic' A- Water Supply, Sewerage and Services Drainage, Waste Disposal B- Transport and Communication 4. The Availability of Social .A- Development of Methodology Services and .Facilities B- School Leavers Survey c- Accessibility of Ser-Vices D- Rural Industry Deqline E- Housing F- Care of the Aged 5. Legislative/Administrative A- State and Local Government Framework of Planning Planning Powers B- coverage of Planning Control 6. The role of Local Government 7. Role of Tourism in East A -Economic, Social and Gippsland Physical Impact of Tourism B- Implications of Seasonal Pattern c- Policy Requirements 2. THE NEED FOR AN ANALYSIS OF ACCESSIBILITY In choosing the specific matters to be analysed iri the study progranune the Board and the Committee have attempted to focus on the major issues in respect of which policies and progranunes are needed in order to promote the physical, economic and social well-being of the resi­ dents of East Gipp~land, and to foster the effective and wise use of the resources of the Region. One of these issues relates to the impact on the lives of the Region's residents of the isolation of the Region and the difficulty people in many parts of the Region experience in gaining access to community services and facilities. The nature of this problem was described in the committeeis Interim Regional Planning Statement in the following terms: "There are .a series of problems arising out of the location of East Gippsland at a distance from Melbourne and out of the population im­ balance (and hence the unbalanced provision of facilities) between Melbourne and the rural areas. The problem of distance or isolation also vafies considerably within the region since the eastern parts of Orbost_1'shire and. the Alpine areas are remote from the main centres near iihe coast. 2 "The decline in rural populations is accompanied by a decline in rural enterprises (such as milk processing and tilnber milling), which comprise the economic base of the conununity, and also in community facilities . and services {such as schools and post offices), which comprise the social base of the community. The situation is rather like a worsening spiral with fewer facilities to support the people and fewer people to support the facilities. (1) Other organisations have also drawn attention to the significance of this issue in East Gippsland. Thus, in April 1976, the East Gippsland Regional Council for Social Development organised a seminar in Orbost to discuss the matter of the impact of isolation on the l~ves of residents in remote parts of the Region. That seminar developed a series of suggestions regarding appropriate measures to overcome the various difficulties identified. '"!:' Earlier, in its comments on the Interim Regional Planning Statement, the Regional Council pointed out the need for developing special strategies. for the provision of community services and facilities for sparse and isolated populations, noting in particular that: (i) the use of standards and procedures for providing community services developed in metropolitan urban settings may be completely inappropriate in regions such as East Gippsland; (ii) there was a need to develop different strategies and policies in different parts of East Gippsland, in recognition of the diverse character of the component parts of the Region. It would appear therefore there is a sound basis for the Regional Planning Committee's conclusion in its Interim Regional Planning Statement that one of the principal planning problems in the Region requiring further study was "the problem of rural population decline related to the decline in rural enterprises, and community facilities and services in the smaller settlements." (2) The importance of undertaking such an analysis was confirmad in the discussions between Board officers and individuals involved in social planning in the Region undertaken as part of Study Activity 4, Task A. (3) 3. SCOPE AND PURPOSE OF WORKING PAPER NO. 4 Working paper No. 4 presents the results of the analysis of the problem of accessibility to community services in East Gippsland incorporated into the current study programrne in response to the needs identified above. The analysis in Working Paper No.4 comprises the following elements: (i) Chapter 1 discusses the concept of accessibility to community services and outlines some of the ways in which obtaining access to services in remote and sparsely settled communities such as East Gippsland differ from··the ..pattern in large urean centres. (1) East Gippsland Regional Planning Committee, Interim Regional Planning Statement, (July 1975), pp.21-23. (2) Interim Regional Planning Statement, p. 32. (3) Town and Country Planning Board, East Gippsland Regional Study, Working Paper No.2, Integrating Social and Strategic ?lanning. February 1977, pp.21-24. 3 (ii) Chapter 2 analyses the distribution of particular..!1.n.eecL.qroups_'.1 (as defined in Chapter 1) in East Gippsland; (iii) In order to illustrate the precise nature of the problem of lack of access to services in East Gippsland, Chapter 3 analyses the relationship between the distribution of a selection of services in East Gippsland and the location of the various 'needs groups' as described in Chapter 2~ (iv) Chapter 4 draws on the analysis in Chapter 2 & 3 to identify and discuss the particular factors which need to be considered in developing programmes and policies for the provision of commw1ity services and facilities in the specific circumstances of East Gippsland. Developing appropriate and effective strategies and policies for improving access to community services in East Gippsland will require co-operative action by the large number of Commonwealth, State and tocal Government organisations and private agencies involved in the provision of community service~ ·and facilities.
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