B R I E F M E M 0 I R

0 ? T H E

LI F E AND W RITI NG S

O F T H E L A T E

LIEUTENANT- COLONEL

W L L A M M A R T I N L E A K E I I ,

&. c. &0 .

“ e M a n- 1 7 d! mam J t w ay - 0 L

G His memory will be cherished wit h respect as long as Greece en!oy s independence

Greeks have an knowled e of literat ure not onl as t he r at scholar and e ra her but as and y g ; y g e g og p ,

d st eadiest chamion of Grecian libe t t he fi rst an p r y .

'

Froma Letter wnttu at A thens b G. Finla Es . y y , q

L 0 N D 0 N

P R I N T E D B Y I T T I N H A M N I I N W H G A D W L K S ,

rooxs cover cmcxar LANE . ,

FOB PRI ATE CIRC LATION ONLY V U .

T H E F O L L O W I N G

E M MO I R,

DRAWN UP IN ACCORDANCE WITH A RE!UEST MADE BY LATE

MRS . MARTIN LEAKE F ROM ORIGINAL DOC UMENTS IN H ER POSSESSION

IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED

T HE SE N AT E O T H E U N I VE R SI T Y O C A MB RI D GE F F ,

T O W H I C H U N I V E R S I T Y

COLONEL LEAKE GAVE A SPECIAL PREFERENCE

OVER CERTAIN OTHER INSTITUTIONS OF A LIKE CHARACTER

IN A VERY IMPORTANT CLAUSE OF HIS WILL.

M R DEN J OHN HOWARD A S .

1 G O L Y Januar 13 864 . REAT AK E , y ,

M E M O I R

T H E LI FE

W I L L I A M M A R T I N L E A K E .

LIEUTENANT- COLONEL WILLIAM MARTIN LEAKE was the second son of

n a n Leaks a m ss n for a n a n s Joh M rti , co mi io er uditi g the public ccou t , by

a da of a rt of ad a . was n in n M ry the ughter Peter C lve , H h m He bor Bolto

Row Ma a n n 77 on an a 14 1 7. , y F ir, Lo do , J u ry th,

At this period t he Martin family had borne the name Of Leaks con

n own for s n an a f a n In joi tly with their omethi g more th h l ce tury . the

a 172 1 a a n S n a n of R a Na s cer ye r , C pt i tephe M rti , the oy l vy, ucceeded to

tain estates devised to him by his brother- in-law and comrade in arms

a Sir n Leaks and ass na and ar s Of a Admir l Joh , he umed the me m the Le ke

In he r n at La family by royal warrant. the victory over t F e ch fleet

’ a a n art n s n at a in a a s s Hogue, C pt i M i , ervi g th t time Admir l Le ke hip the

a s fi s l nan a a s ssf a a ma n one of E gle a r t ieute t, he ded ucce ul tt ck de upo the

’ a s and w w n im m s s s as s . ene y s large t hip by bo t , everely ou ded The

an s s of a Leaks in f of a a and Bar port t ervice Admir l , the relie Gibr lt r

na and in a of Sa n a and s an s in Mediter celo , the c pture rdi i other i l d the

nean a n a s n in na a anna s Of n ra , occupy very ho our ble po itio the v l l the reig

nn of !ueen A e . 2 M E M O I R O F T H E L I F E O F

S n a n Leaks s son of a a n a n was tephe M rti , the elde t C pt i M rti , Colonel

’ a ar n a s n f ffi of Willi m M ti Le ke gra d ather . He held the O ce Garter

d w f e a a w s n at s an as a o s a n a r . Ki g Arm , the uthor ver l v lu ble ork upo her ld y

w a s a a s n n s n and a f of his ns n He rote l o tre ti e upo E gli h mo ey, li e ki ma

n n of his s n an s now n r h the Admiral . I the umber de ce d t livi g a e is grand son S n a n a Of a in ss s n re re , tephe M rti Le ke, Thorpe H ll E ex, the pre e t p

sentative of fa and . a s r n Lee n the mily, Dr J me P i ce , the prese t Bishop

Of Manchester .

a a n Leaks s Of s m his rofes Willi m M rti , the ubject thi emoir, received p sioual education in the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich . Among his f -s n s be s as his an ns s who s lf ellow tude t elected comp io tho e , like him e , w an a a s r t of n s a n and one of ere im ted by pi i ge erou emul tio , with them, the

a G n a Sir war las f m a f - n f n s l te e er l Ho d Doug , he or ed li e lo g rie d hip, which continued with feelings Of unabated attachment on both sides for a period

f s a s O nearly eventy ye r .

In a 1794 a n his ss n a a s the ye r , h vi g received commi io s econd lieutenant in R a R n of was W s n s and the oy l egime t Artillery, he ordered to the e t I die ,

s n t n f u a s w was a s s a of he pe t here the ext o r ye r , hich he ccu tomed to pe k as

‘ as sa isfa or a of his f . n a in n i ua t the le t t ct y p rt li e Whe qu rtered A t g , he wro e t o his friends at home who had expressed their wish t o receive ajournal Of his

n s for a ass n a if n s n a proceedi g week, uri g them th t he were o ly to e d

na Of an one s n da in ak as a on jour l y i gle y the week, they might t e it c

tinuous na for a n . s far at as a jour l the whole ye r rou d Thu , le t, the ctive

n a Of ass a G was a Of his m mi ded geogr pher cl ic l reece ltogether out ele ent .

In a 1799 n now a a n Leaks was a n d the ye r , bei g C pt i , he ppoi te t o a miss n ns an n for s Of ns u n io to Co t ti ople, the purpo e i tr cti g the Turkish troops in the use and practice Of artillery ; and he thus entered upon the scene of

his f r a s. In a n a n had utu e l bour bloody e g geme t, which recently taken W L A MA R I L I M T I N L E A K E .

a u n as of w n t o s un pl ce po the co t Egypt ith the Fre ch r op der Buonaparte,

s hads wn a ns d a a n Of a e a the Turk ho co i er ble mou t cour ge, but th y were gre tly

wanting in discipline : and it was thought advisable that competent English

ffi s s l s n as I O cer hou d be e t out to sist them . n this number Captain Leaks

was n a he had s a s - i cluded, lthough c rcely completed hi twenty third year ; and

in an w ad - n a Ma of R a comp y ith Brig ier Ge er l Koehler, jor Fletcher the oy l

n n s and s n rs f nstan n t o n E gi eer , u dry othe , he proceeded rom Co ti ople joi the

a mon as Of un man Of G an on r y the co t Egypt, der the com d the r d Vizier,

- an a 19th 1800. a s s a n in a s as direc J u ry , They tr ver ed A i Mi or outh e terly

n Kelenderis the an n Celenderis on the as of a : and tio to , cie t , co t Cilici ,

n T n u 11h ss t o s and at zeri a on r a t . cro i g over Cypru , they l ed Feb ry The following account Of this journey is taken froma letter written by Captain

Leaks to his father a few days after their landing

ameca C rus 17th Februar 1800. L , yp , y

' An express dispatch by Sir Sydney Smith aflords me a very little time

w n only to acquaint you with my proceedings since riti g las t .

On the 15th of last month I received directions from General Koehler

f an to hold myself in readiness to proceed with him t o the army o the Gr d

As was n a s n was i mm Vizier . it co ceived th t our pre e ce there requ red i e diatel was s a s l a e on h s a in t he ss of y, it re olved th t we hou d tr v l or eb ck, dre

s and has n n for h n S n Tatar courier , by the route which bee ope ed t em o ly i ce

’ f n s the Ports the Vizier s army has been in Syria. We were ur i hed by with a rman of G an S n r n n fi , or order, the r d eig ior, di ecti g our bei g provided with reliefs of horses at the different posts, and also with a Janizary and a

ur a ns s of Tatar who were acquainted with the road . O p rty co i ted the

f ur a ts an and . a ms Mr. n o General, M jor Fletcher, y el , Pi k, dr ugh m , Mr M E M O I R O F T H E L I F E O F

’ a a an a a o n s ass who is in C rlyle, clergym , tt ched to L rd Elgi emb y, , w h g to

as rf se f in a Of w i is a Pro proceed into the E t t o pe ect him l Ar bic, h ch he

or a s n a saf n of f n fess at C mbridge, thought the pre e t e opportu ity per ormi g

‘ o n s w us and a of us his own , the journey. We had tw i terpreter ith , e ch

f of us two s s a n n van . a a O a E glish ser t The b gg ge e ch occupied hor e , m ki g

altogether a caravan Of thirty- six horses generally ; some Of them spare

n s w at a s a a ns a nts . o e , ith which we were provided e ch po t g i t ccide

a alon s of Of N a In this manner we tr velled g the hore the gulph icomedi ,

as far as f of as a w we ss s and f m n the erry M l m , here cro ed to Her ek, ro the ce

t o Isnic an n Nicaea a on 22nd. , cie tly , where we rrived the

At Isnic f n a a in c n n we ell i to the gre t Aleppo ro d, which we o ti ued to

’ n an n n ass n a s a in D An Ko ieh, cie tly Ico ium , p i g through the pl ce m rked

’ s ma as fo s—Lefkeh an S a Es S S ville p llow , Vizir Kh , uh t, ki hehir, idi

G a i Kosru an Boluadin Aksher Il oun Ladikieh an n l a h z , Kh , , , g , , cie t y L odi — cea and a e at n on 3 1st of an a . , rriv d Ko ieh the J u ry

At Konieh we struck out of the great road into a country in which no

ans a n s n at as in Of s n n a an s Europe h ve bee ee , le t the memory the pre e t i h bit t ;

ns of Cassabah a aman or Larandeh mun a through the tow , C r , over the o t ins

Of Caramania in w a n an is n ha a n f n , hich rui ed kh the o ly bit tio to be ou d for

n t o S O a and am sea at Kelenderi the ight, Moud, heik m r, c e to the , the

an n Celenderis in ma a Kelnar. I n s a of ad cie t , the p c lled thi p rt the ro ,

a is f a a an we to a use of ams for our ba th t , rom C r m , were obliged m ke c el g

’ The more immediate Ob!ect of Mr. Carlyles mission was t o search the libraries for

a r rtai ancient m nusc ipts . Ce n memoranda of his t ravels are found in a series of lett ers ad

resse b h to the B sho s of L co and Durha and ub she b d d y im i p in ln m , p li d y Walpole in his ” Me o rs reat to Euro ea and As at c Turk 1 1 A ’ h e 8 8 . rch m i l ing p n i i y, deacon Palsy s umo

ro us andcharacter st c etter Of struct o s to Car e whe about to set out u o his trav s i i l in i n lyl , n p n el , ’ ma befou rofessor B ut s art c e u o a e the uar r y nd in P l n i l p n P l y in ! te ly Review. W I L L I A M M A R T I N L E A K E .

a w o he 8 of a d a . a at Kelnar n t g ge, hich ret rde our m rch We rrived th

a Febru ry .

On l o h n i a s n and the t we passed the chan el n a little Pol cre choo er, a at C orina on N t s of s an on n n of rrived , the or h ide the i l d, the mor i g the

1 L f sia a d a i at s on 1 t h. e r ss s an i co n W c o ed the i l d through , rr ved thi port the 14th .

a had s mms ns a fa on the a and a wa s We h ve o eti e co ider ble tigue ro d, l y

a fa n n has n s very h rd re ; but, upo the whole , our jour ey bee very curiou

d d h fi ne a an f . a n fa a n n a n of elig t ul We h ve bee voured with co ti u tio we ther, such as is seldom seen in England in the middle of the summer ; and which

a only inconvenienced us by the heat . We have not been interrupted by

n l da . a an a a na w an con Si g e wet y I h ve kept ccur te jour l, hich I me to

n s a not s n . ti u , but I h ve time to copy it by thi Opportu ity

’ fo n he i and s s w the s of Sir S n We u d t T gre the The eu , ith re t yd ey

’ s a n of un- a s and t s a ss s at an in Smith squ dro g bo t o her m ll ve el , chor here the ad wh is ns e s in s an and n is con ro , ich co id red the be t the i l d ; the tow

he o s s Of ff n n n sequently the residence of t C n ul the di ere t atio s. Wearelodged in the house of our own Consul .

Before this letter arrives you will probably have heard Of the treaty concluded by the mediation of Sir Sydney Smith between the Grand Vizier

and ren for e a a n of . da aft the F ch, the v cu tio Egypt The y er our arrival

Sir S n s e us all t he a s w had here, yd ey how d p per hich passed upon the sub

. nf n s w a on a e n on a ject The co ere ce ere c rried by gr eme t bo rd the Tigre,

Sir Sydney having previously sent to General Kleber a Copy Of his inst ruc

ns as n e n n e tio Mi i st r Ple ipote tiary . G neral Desaix and Poussielque the

On boar the T rewere the t wo French Ge erals Duu and J u ot who had bee d ig n p y n , n

b the Theseus at ti to esca efro A exa r a taken y in temp ng p m l nd i . 6 M E M O I R O F T H E L I F E O F

Administrator General of Finance were the Commissioners appointed t o

a on of sa i o l n a man a d tre t the part Kleber . De ix s s vio e t th t it require the

s ana n Of Sir S n and Poussiel ue t o ee at all utmo t m geme t, both yd ey q , k p him

n n him s a an as na s. ne o ia withi bou d , or m ke come to y re o ble term The g t

n tio s were at one time broken off for three days by his violence . After

a n an s w f s d as Of a a m ki g two dem d , which ere re u e , the price their ev cu — tion of Egypt one of which was that Russia should be detached from

a an and a s an s Of Ce ha the triple lli ce with Turkey, the other, th t the i l d p

l n a f !an and a a s s a o i , Cor u, te , M lt hould be re tored to them the rti

s fi na l a t o w si n and an a few a s af r a cle l y greed ere g ed, exch ged d y te w rds

’ in ’ the Vizier s camp . By this treaty there is t o be a truce for three

n mo ths between the Turks and the French . The latter are to evacuate the

ff n s in at s a s s at in t a a n di ere t port Egypt the ever l period t ed the re ty, llowi g

the time the Vizier will take to march towards the westward and southward

a a for Of a a n s a — i nn n a a to e ch pl ce, the period ev cu ti g uch pl ce beg i g with S l

a s a a and n n and a is t o be a a e hie , K ti h , D miett , e di g with Alex ri , which ev cu t d

in n s f three mo th . A urther period is allowed in case the Turks shall not have

fun s s n a are n o f all r i hed hippi g, which by the tre ty they bou d t do . A ter the

ans ts n ha in e an ria l , s a a d En tr por which the Fre ch ve Al x d h l be lo de , the g

s an is a a a are n n s li h Comm der to t ke c re th t they co veyed u mole ted to France .

s are a 3000 s s Of 500 as s The Turk to p y pur e , pi tre each, at different e m p rioda entioned : and the French are allowed to take with them all their

n n 2000 s s and ar property, i cludi g hor e , they e to be supplied with provi

s ns for man and s for mn s w n io hor e three o th hile they remai in Egypt, and

for n s n ma d T three mo th more whe e b rke . heTheseus sailed the day before

s a n firs v s n as far as s a f ye terd y , to co vey the t di i io the we tw rd o Candia, to

such a distance that there may be no danger Of their running into a Turkish

port. W I L L I A M M A R T I N L E A K E .

Our departure from Constantinople was as secret as sudden. Lord

n had ar of is s of n n a but a Elgi he d the w he the Fre ch to egoti te, thought th t

Sir S n was a n an use of his an in s ar yd ey m ki g improper comm d thi qu ter ,

and of n n had a . s eas n a n the i flue ce he cquired For thi r o he Obt i ed, with

s f ul ns n Of Port s a n a s t o ome di fic ty, the co e t the th t the Ge er l hould go the

ar in r nt a s influence— o Sir S dn on a his my o der to cou er ct thi , rder y ey bo rd

s if s u a n ss —and in as s s n on ass s hip, there ho ld be ece ity, , c e ho tilitie we t , i t

ks his a s s a n in wan of. the Tur with dvice, which it eem they h ve bee much t

And in the last case he thought it right that the General Should have the

ass s an Of an ffi of a a n l and n n s. s i t ce O cer e ch dep rtme t , Arti lery E gi eer Thi

was a s of a n n . n was a t oo of the c u e my m ki g the jour ey Lord Elgi gl d, , the

opportunity of getting as many of the military oflicers Of the mission as

ss l n t o a m w h Port s av all a n s d at po ib e dow the r y, hic the h e lo g oppo e , the

f n s n ns a n o s . . S who is f i tig tio the E gli h mi i ter, Mr J mith, brother o Sir

S n . s w s of ss n was t o s n for if yd ey The hip, ith the re t the mi io , be e t , the

saw n o his a a General occasio n rriv l .

aft ft ns an n l n f nd a f A week er we le Co t ti ople , Lord E gi ou pretence or s ndin a a n a of the n n s a n e g C pt i L cy, E gi eer , ch rged with the i tercepted dis

f K t o n nmn n a s O a. r p tche leber the Fre ch Gover e t, givi g w etched account of

e s ua n in . us a Larend h th ir it tio Egypt He overtook t e . We came to this

s an w fi s a of t h n us n Of i l d together, here we r t he rd e co cl io the treaty : but

a e Of w as it remains a. m tt r doubt hether our presence will now be of any use ” in has on his n w us Egypt, he proceeded jour ey thither ithout .

The question with regard to their further progress having been decided in n a a t af a few a the eg tive, the whole p r y ter d ys set out o n their return to

Constantinople ; those few days having been employed by Captain Leaks M E M O I R O F T H E L I F E O F

in sa sf n s f as t o he s of an n i of s ti yi g him el t ite the cie t Cit um Cypru , the

n n d in S u had s a ss Chittim me tio e cript re . They c rcely, however, cro ed

the a n an of a n a ain Leaks was a n and over to m i l d Cilici , whe C pt t ke ill ; while General Koehler and his companions proceeded by nearly the same

had a few s f a a n route which been travelled over by them week be ore, C pt i

L ak s f r a sea a and a n n of s e pre er ed voy ge, g i ed thereby the Opportu ity vi it

in an of s ands as as s of an n s s a n as . g m y the i l , well ome the cie t ite lo g the co t

uns Of s of ss s in a and Among the latter were the r i the citie Telme u Lyci , — Assus in Mysia in the latter of which be congratulated himself on having discovered perhaps the most perfect idea of a Greek city that anywhere ” — s He no ar a ConstantinO le n nth of n . exist . did t rive t p u til the mo Ju e

It is probable that the impressions recei ved since he had left Constanti n a few n s f s a fu n n n a a n ople, mo th be ore, exerci ed power l i flue ce upo C pt i

’ ea s s an s s d n ma n f h f L ke thought d pur uit uri g the re i der o is long life . Be ore

' the school - boy reminiscences of Homer and Herodotus hadbeen efi aced from his n f n s f a n n a was a mi d, he ou d him el tre di g upo wh t reg rded as classic soil . — — Looking onward to the Eas t as he describes it in his journal he saw nothing to interrupt the vast expanse until his eye lighted upon the majestic and sn - a s s of n Ar mus s an n s n ow cl d ummit Mou t g , t di g out di ti ctly through

a a s a at a s an of not ss an one n the cle r tmo phere , lthough di t ce le th hu dred

and fift s in a s ai ine. n at the a n n his f t y mile tr ght l Looki g pl i u der ee , he saw s a f a n s of G a e al it covered with c ttered r gme t reek rchitecture, Gre k tars, s n s ea n ns ns s u s and sar a — as to e b ri g Greek i criptio , c lpture , coph gi they

th s of an n es b h as f e s s e t e or s . trod over ite cie t citi , thi would c e mile Like

a ms s a and s a s an Busbec who had r the celebr ted Fle i h chol r t te m , q , t a

velled a n of sa n r s and a a f f over portio the me route two ce tu ie h l be ore him, he was struck with amazement as he contemplated the multitudinous wreck

Of an n an a his at rn arietinas st ra cie t gr deur th t met eye every tu p rude , W A N L I L L I M M A R T I E A K E .

est e ist liorumet columnarumfra ment s s a ex veteri S n hoc p y g , ol ple dore ” eli u r q a.

’ During Busbecq s journey into the interior Of Asia Minor it was his

good fortune to render an important service t o literature by bringing t o

a Ma Anc ranuma n an s of light the celebr ted rmor y , co tempor eou record

the actions of the Emperor Augustus : and the present expedition of the

young English Offi cer of artillery was rendered memorable by the dis

cover in a of a a a ns n in a a s y Phrygi very rem rk ble i criptio Greek ch r cter ,

s ns which is probably the earlie t Greek i cription extant .

In a se and an a a n na of Do anlu sur cluded rom tic v lley be ri g the me g ,

n b n f r s s and s who a s n rou ded y pi e o e t , by ome h ve ee it compared to the

’ ” a s ri in ohnson s Rass as a a u n a v lley de c bed J el , the p rty c me po sever l

f and s a s had n a at for r s s Of s lo ty i ol ted rock , which bee exc v ed pu po e epulture .

n one Of s s flat s fa of a e n ua s a n Upo the e rock , the ur ce p rpe dic l r e c rpme t

upwards of sixty feet in height had been covered with a singular species

of na n a and s n e a mn or comics . At fi rs or me t l work, urmou t d by pedi e t t

sight the travellers thought that they had lighted upon a monument Of

s of the a s ans. a a an e Of an ns n ome e rly Per i The ppe r ce, howev r, i criptio

in a a s set n s n and f inves Greek ch r cter them right upo thi poi t, by urther

t igation it was as certained that the monument had been erected in honour

f a an na of an n nas of M as a s v n o Phrygi mo rch the cie t dy ty id , prob bly e e or

f s an er The s n n f eight centuries be ore the Chri ti a. di ti ctio O having been the first to publish and to decipher this inscription was one which Colonel

a f a n and n Leaks c re ully pl ced upo record, upo which he prided himself

' to the last . 1

b un Le at o s Turc cae E ist . I . B us eq g i ni i , p ” e Numismata H e e cs As at c Greece . 86 a so J our a of Class ca and 1 Se ll ni , i i , p ; l , n l i l ” h lo Ca br e NO . x 11. . 242 . Sacred P ilo gy, m idg , p

F. 10 M E M O I R O F T H E L I F E O F

In a on a f o r na a ms n st o order to c rry the thre d O u rr tive, it u t be u der o d

that the treaty mentioned a few pages back as having been concluded by

the mediation of Sir Sydney Smith for the evacuation of Egypt by the

' n a m was not a w a sfi sct : n m Fre ch r y, llo ed to t ke it bei g dee ed impolitic by

’ the authorities t o suffer Buonapartes position in Europe at the present crisis

t o s n n f mn Of not ss n men ir be tre gthe ed by a rein orce e t le tha . S

’ Sydney Smith s treaty therefore was ignored ; and orders were sent t o the

Commander- in- chief in the Mediterranean that he should not permit the

departure of any French troops until they had been exchanged in Europe w as prisoners Of ar. Upon this Kleber immediately recommenced hosti

m f n ce. n s n a o a as liti The u di cipli ed r y the Gr d Vizier were e ily routed,

' and was n t o ake f i he drive t re uge n Jafla.

! For the s n t m f a a n a s e ns u ns t o eco d i e, there ore, C pt i Le k rec ived i tr ctio

’ n G an V s a and v S tl aft his ar a at Con joi the r d izier rmy, ery hor y er riv l

' stant ino le set Out a a n for afi a wa of ns S na and p he g i J , by y Athe , myr ,

' He a n afl n f . at a o ns in n Cyprus . rem i ed J duri g the whole the e u g wi ter,

making excursions from time t o time into various parts Of Syria and

Palestine .

In a 1801 a a n ea s ss se u M rch , , C pt i L k cro ed the de rt with the T rkish

a n s rmy i to Egypt . The vigorou efforts Of Lord Keith and Sir Ralph

Abercrombie just at this period succeeded in obliging the enemy to

a ua and in a s af wa s n w c pit l te, hort time ter rd the cou try as cleared of its

invaders.

n a 1802 a a n Leaks was in n n w U til M rch, , C pt i employed, co ju ction ith

’ l n s a s a . a R a amt n in Lord E gi priv te ecret ry Mr Willi m ich rd H il o , making

a n a s of for s w n ge er l urvey Egypt, which purpo e they e t as far south as t he

a ara ts of N . h n e s S a n n n in c t c the ile He t e r vi ited yri , co ti ui g that country

s a s n had n n a n the re e rche upo which he bee e g ged i Egypt . I L 11 W I L L A M M A R T I N E A K E.

In the n Of n 1802 a a n Leaks sa f t he as Of mo th Ju e, , C pt i iled rom co t

S r a to ns ass s m a n s ns f y i Athe , where he p ed the u mer, m ki g excur io rom time

I d . n n the s un n n . n Se an a to time i to urro di g cou try ptember, he Mr H milto

sailed from the Piraeus in a small coasting vessel which had been hired for

t he purpose Of conveying away those wonderful remains Of ancient art

f he n n o he t a are n w in s s . n t rom P rthe o , which the Briti h Mu eum Upo

island Of Cerigo this vessel suffered shipwreck ; and she went down so

rapidly that there was scarcely time for her passengers and crew to make

r s a n the s f e the ts of her as was nl ar thei e c pe upo rock , be or p m t the o y p t

ma n n s a the ass s an of s n -d s re i i g vi ible bove the water. With i t ce po ge iver

f n n slan s f ar of the a s and Of rom the eighbouri g i d , the Chie p t m rble much

’ ’ s s a l v a a n ea s a a sa . Not so the hip v lu b e c rgo were ved , howe er, C pt i L ke

man s s Al h n f u cript . l is materials for a map of the Nils dow rom the cats

racts— a e na n Of f an n s s and s r ns with det rmi tio most O the cie t ite , de c iptio

of n a n mn s Of an — and sul s of a n a the pri cip l mo u e t tiquity, the re t ge er l

s of n r as in a its a and a i a urvey the cou t y, well reg rd to milit ry geogr ph c l — as t o its polit ical and commercial state remained at the bottom of the

'

A n . f e sea. nd had ot a i n s a a all h Mr H m lto s paper met with better te, t

u Of in s a n of s a s so far as f e t o res lts the jo t Ob erv tio the e tr veller , re err d

his n h m a r s d . a n s r o t e s . Egypt, u t h ve pe i he Mr H milto publi hed wo k ”

n n and rn S a of in 18 10. A cie t Mode t te Egypt ,

In the following let ter Lord Nelson directs Captain Schomberg of d . S. a as to s n a ans a s an H . M M dr e d tr port to Cerigo, to receive the m rble to convey them to England if necessary : and it will be observed that he alludes to the safety Of the vessel in case Of her remaining in the bay of

s n l Cerigo as rather que tio ab e . 12 MEM O I R O F T H E L I F E O F

Vctor at Sea 2nd Se te ber 1 0 i y, , p m , 8 4.

Lord Elgin having requested through Sir Alexander Ball that I would a a s a at n f m n a a s a llow hip to c ll Cerigo, to bri g ro the ce to M lt ome m rble

’ an es and as am f d s s meet his s s s s on tiquiti , I per ectly i po ed to Lord hip wi he

s as n amt o d s s n a s a ans thi occ io , I e ire you will e d m ll tr port to Cerigo, with

fi s n n e an and a for the s the r t co voy goi g up to the L v t, le ve her there, purpo e

- — of receiving the antiquities before mentioned on board provided it is a safe

a for t o — the Of h n ouw pl ce her remain at till return t e co voy . Y ill then di ffi er i ar e f t o a at i and n ans rect the O c n ch ge ther o c ll Cer go, bri g the tr port

’ his s s an es on oa saf n his t n t o al a with Lord hip tiquiti b rd e u der pro ectio M t ,

Sir an where Alex der Ball will direct the disposal Of them . And if it is

n n d sen m En an w e the n essa s i te de to d the to gl d, you ill giv ec ry order

n accordi gly .

am5 I , 8 0.

N E LSON and BRONTE .

‘ f t he s Ofi a a n Leaks e A ter hipwreck Cerigo, C pt i proce ded to Trieste

and n n a e n a o a a na the ce to Ve ice ; tr v lli g homew rd thr ugh P du , Vero ,

an u n and ass Of n n s ns and a s Mil , T ri , by the p Mo t Ce i to Lyo P ri , he

in n n in an a 1803 . arrived Lo do J u ry,

In S t 1804 a a n Leaks a a n eft n lan a ep ember, , C pt i g i l E g d, ch rged with

— t wo commissions Of considerable importance the one t o make a survey of

h of s an of Sa n a a w i t e military capabilities the i l d rdi i , with vie to ts being

secured from falling into the hands of the French and the other— to treat

the n s Of vin es Of an in with gover or the pro c Europe Turkey, regard to the

f n of f n r a a ns an ss n a ss de e ce their ro tie g i t y po ible Fre ch ggre ion.

14 M E M O I R O F T H E L I F E O F

In a fr Ea a n s f Of a a n letter om rl C mde to Lord Nelson him el , which C pt i

Leaks was the a r w was n n n t o an mans n be re , hile he e joi ed ot omit y e withi his power to pre vent so serious a misfortune to this country as the islands ” of Sa n a S fa n n t he an s Of France n n rdi i or icily lli g i to h d , the Gover me t ex pressed their desire to become better acquainted with the military capabilities

’

Of Sa n a. n v f a t a n ak s t f an rdi i Whe e er, rom C p i Le e repor , or rom y other s on h ou ma de n s is na e to ource w ich y y pe d, your Lord hip e bl d give a n and a a n of s an w a more mi ute det iled ccou t the i l d, both ith reg rd

’ n is aflorded a ss ss n of and a s to the opportu ity which to t ke po e io it, l o to

ain af wa ds ou w a s nf ma n of these ret it ter r , y ill give me the e rlie t i or tio circumstances .

es s s r f War S ta a a n Leaks a B ide thi lette rom the ecre ry, C pt i c rried with

f w n t o N s n fr ar S a him the ollo i g letter Lord el o om Lord H rowby, the ecret ry of State for Foreign Affairs

s wi v a a n Leaks Of R a Thi letter ll be deli ered to you by C pt i , the oy l

an ffi of s n s i who s s Artillery, O cer di ti gui hed mer t, erved with the Turki h

ss n t o army in Egypt . He is directed to proceed upon a military mi io

an a and o a for s s f d a in ns ns Alb i the M re , purpo e ully et iled i tructio which he

w ni a s f ill commu c te to your Lordship . He is also directed to put him el

n s in as ou n a sa as a n u der your order , c e y should thi k it dvi ble to cert i with

s n ass s f n n va s more preci io , by the i tance of his pro essio al k owledge, riou

n s s n s an of Sa n a a are S ifi in a an poi t re pecti g the i l d rdi i , th t pec ed memor dum

w a n his an s an o n s on w ouma hich I h ve put i to h d , or y ther poi t hich y y u n s a f fo n a n . Yo thi k it de ir ble that urther in rmatio should be obt i ed will,

no s ns a a ss n of na r ns a doubt, be e ible th t mi io this ture will requi e co ider ble

a ess and a on in i n fo variO s as ns w ann ddr c uti the execut o ; as r u re o , hich I c ot

now ai no n a n has n or can be a n of det l, commu ic tio bee , well , m de to the Ki g

Sa n a his n s n s a a n Le ks s . a a rdi i , or to mi i ter here , upo uch ubject C pt i E 15 W I LL I A M M A R T I N L E A K .

ns in ase n s ee as a n must be co idered, c you thi k it proper he hould proc d, cti g

’ Th f n a ns under your Lordship s orders only . e requent commu ic tio which

' ss a diflerent s of the s an of Sa n a l you must nece arily h ve with port i l d rdi i , wi l enable yout o direct the conduct of Captain Leaks and Of any naval offi cer

m ma a an in such a ann r as as ss who he y ccomp y , . m e to give the le t po ible l occasion to jealousy or alarm. It is pecuiarly important that no premature suspicion should arise of the occupation in any contingency of any part of

Sa a s as s a s s o n w o n as n a a rdini by British troop , uch u pici ould ly h te the tt ck f ” o the French .

’

n C in n in . . a ta n a s a a an a S. Upo p i Le ke rriv l the Mediterr e H M Tigre,

he was received by Lord Nelson on board t he Victory with much personal

ns a n and a e a w : ss co ider tio , he rem ined th re eek doubtle the letter which

Capt ain Leaks brought from Lord Harrowby would have been received by

Lord Nelson with more satisfaction if it had contained orders that Sardinia

s o f . As to s v of the s n had n a h uld be occupied orthwith the ur ey i la d, it bee m de

’ a f a a f n his s s own e n n h l ye r be ore u der Lord hip dir ctio s. We k ow every

n s n Sa n a w is n ssa s in na thi g re pecti g rdi i hich ece ry, he write reply, mely,

’ a h ns f n ffi s as no n nO s no a o f . n th t it mo ey , troop , me de e ce A other O cer

n w going there would probably hasten the Fre ch vie s upon it . The

! French mean to make Sassari t he seat Of government .

In reference to Captain Leaks himselfLord Nelson writes t o Earl Cam

d n fu &c I h e a a n Le s is n on a a . im , C pt i ak goi g to M lt , Cor , received

with that openness which was necessary to make myself as well acquainted

w in s s m in as an a s a a s. a v n ith him three d y , other ight do m y ye r I h ve gi e

i n w h mall n f me v s . O &c &c . the k owledge the , their ie , as I have been

a e o f a mn bl t orm judg e t .

Without further delay Captain Leaks sailed in the Sea- horse frigate to

a a n d n as h n as ss fu M lt , the ce procee i g with muc expeditio po ible to Cor . 16 M E M O I R O F T H E L I F E O F

f sa !an and an in a 1805 n From Cor u he iled to te , l ded Febru ry , , upo the

a o co st f the Morea.

’ The precise character of Captain Leake s mission to the European pro

’ n s Of a a f Harrowb s ns ns h vi ce Turkey will ppe r rom Lord y i tructio , w ich

a da Of n n S s 2 8th 1804. be r the te Dow i g treet, Augu t ,

As the defence of the Grecian frontier of the Turkish empire against

a n a a s Of n is an Of a m t an His the thre te ed tt ck the Fre ch object gre t i por ce,

’ Majesty s Government has thought it advisable that some military person s s n n h s a ts and as His a s has n a s hould be e t i to t o e p r , M je ty bee gr ciou ly

eas a Of oufor s s n n ssa pl ed to m ke choice y thi purpo e, I thi k it ece ry to give youthe following instructions for the regulation Of your conduct . — First You are t o make yourself acquainted with the Western coast of an a and t he a and a a s n s are Alb i More , p rticul rly with tho e poi t which more m a s r in a an as im edi tely expo ed, either by thei vic ity to the It li co t, or

f n m by the facilities which they afford to the landing o an e e y .

- w l s s to ur s an rs in Second . Y ou il ugge t the T ki h Comm de that part

of the country any improvements for the defence of those places which you

f n think they may have the means o executi g . — Third With the assistance Of the Royal Military surveyor and

a s an who a an s ou or in as n n s s dr ught m ccomp ie y , , c e o e uch hould be

a n w the ass s an of s s n ou ma ppoi ted, ith i t ce uch other per o whom y y be

a s t o n a for s a su s and la n uthori ed e g ge the purpo e, you will t ke rvey , y dow

ans of sa e a s n s an a n can pl the m pl ce , whe ever uch Oper tio be conducted

without the fear of exciting jealousy and displeas ure in the people of the

’ for fa w wi a n . M n s P country the cilit ti g hich object H . s Mi i ter at the ort s ll

ns a fo n ns be i tructed to pply r the ecessary fi rma . I L I L 1 W L A M M A R T I N E A K E . 7

— u s all f fi a ns n sam as n ur . Yo v i Fo th will i it the orti c tio upo the e co t, order t o ascertain whether their state Of repair is such as will adapt them for resistance ; whether their wants are such as can be easily removed ;

and in n . ou n a n s , co cert with Mr Morier, y will e de vour to i duce the Turki h governors t o take the speediest measures in their power for supplying them — ’ a s r n nd s M. s t the mo t impo ta t points a also give uch information to H .

n s at Port s as ma ass s in f n same in Mi i ter the y i t him urtheri g the object, case he should deem it advisable .

f h — a n d suflicien nf a n a iv coas Fi t H vi g procure t i orm tio rel t e to the t,

n n for s of a ui n a n a you will proceed i to the i terior, the purpo e cq ri g th t ge er l

n d of fac Of un r w ul n s nsa neces k owle ge the e the co t y, hich wo d be i di pe bly sa the s c ss of a a ns in as n ms eff a ry to uc e milit ry oper tio , c e the e e y hould ect — landing on the coas t to reduce these Observations t o a form of permanent

i ans Of s who a an s and in a t a util ty by me the urveyor ccomp ie you ; , p r icul r, to take notice of the roads and passes leading towards Constantinople on — the one side and to the Morea on the other to Observe the Obstacles which an n a a to n n r in a an n ar s a and i v der would h ve e cou te dv ci g tow d either pl ce, ff the means of rendering those Obstacles e ectual .

h — Y ou a Ali as a e of R uma Sixt will rep ir to P h , or the Beglerb y o eli , and Offer your opinion and advice upon the general plan of defence for

s he s n of s and s d of their territorie , t di tributio their troop , the be t mo e

ts and asses in a s a s a . Y ou putting their harbours, por , p , re pect ble t te will supply them with every assistance in your power towards the arrangement and improvement of their art illery ; and generally advise with themupon

n ns f ns n nts as far as at s to all the military co cer o their exte ive gover me , rel e

ns the s mna s of the n their security agai t ho tile e ce Fre ch .

n — Havin le se ts in N t n G ou Seve th g comp ted the objec or her reece, y

eed t o o n to e amn n the ms essentia fi en s of will proc C ri th, x i e i to o t l de ci cie

D 18 M E M O I R O F T H E L I F E O F

a f a and tan s a th n su as th t ormid ble impor t po t, with view to eir bei g pplied

speedily as possible . You wi11urge the Turkish commanders to place

able garrison in t hat fortress ; to secure the diffi cult passes which lead to

fr the n a and n a s a is an n r n a it om orthw rd, eve tu lly to e t bl h i t e ched c mp

at t he Isthmus . — Eighth You will visit all the other points Of importance in the penin

s la Of a and in a a f ss s of n ian ns n u the More , , p rticul r, the ortre e Ve et co tructio ,

for the same purposes as those Specified in the preceding articles respecting

in and la s on es n as Cor th the p ce the w ter co t . — Ninth In the course Of these j ourneys you will Observe and report d the political an military dispositions Of the inhabitants .

en h — In s Of sa ts ouwi a a a a n n T t pur uit the me objec , y ll p y p rticul r tte tio

t o n a e a of G e a w a for the B t s the ge er l g ogr phy re ce, with vie to cquire ri i h

Government and nation a more accurate knowledge than has yet been at

ined of s o an and n s n Bu s s n t a t t n . t , thi imp r t i ere ti g cou try thi object mu t o ly

s in subo dina n a n es n of mss n f be pur ued r tio to the m i d ig your i io , rom which

no al w t o it must t be lo ed divert your attention.

n — In e n s d ff a n in Eleve th . case th e emy houl actually e ect landi g

G and R ss an a in rf s a an a ar in reece, the u i rmy Co u hould t ke ctive p t

f s r in s ns n s i ff ru t at g their de ig upo the Turki h emp re, you will o er to the

Russian general every assistance which your knowledge of the country may

’ And l n a to a n n enable youto aflord. you wi l e de vour m i tai a personal in

d nes as f an Of k s f s as w ue , well with the chie comm der the Tur i h orce , ith

n n n f a ns n r o s s ou the i depe de t Chie t i whose combi ed t o p compo e them . Y

will especially make useof this influence in persuading them to pay attention

de Ots s l s and s s Of k n . to their p , upp ie , re ource every i d — fh Y u s n . n nd t o ill t . a Twel w corre po d with Mr Arbuth o , Mr Morier,

Mr. m f F s n an nts i a an or nf a n. ore ti , upo y poi wh ch y be import t their i orm tio W A E 19 I L L I A M M A R T I N L E K .

And by every safe and favourable opportunity you will report the result of

ur obse at ons to Sir e an el o N s n and s Offi ce. yo rv i Al x der B l, L rd el o , to thi

amSir I , ,

n ant Your obedie t humble serv ,

HARROWBY .

’ In r di a t ain a s s was f rn s o der to expe te C p Le ke progres , he u i hed by Lord

’ Nelson with : letters to the captai n or commander of any of His Majesty s s s in the r a n a a di ns a in hip employed Ad i tic, givi g them p rticul r rectio th t

’ case of Captain Leake s making application to be removed to any place in

M a in Al an a s if ss his es . the ore or b i , they hould, po ible, comply with requ t

Lord Nelson also wrote letters of introduction for Captain Leaks to those

ffi a s ns a a a and s w m was si ab a o ci l per o t M lt , el ewhere, ith who it de r le th t he s mac a n In s e s is s n of s n hould beco e qu i ted . the e lett r he poke as most tro gly ” m n t o n n and f in nfi n reco me ded me by Gover me t, per ectly their co de ce ; and is a f i a s en of n i s it dded, rom the l ttle I h ve e him, I thi k he mer t their ” nfi n of his ss n is s a t o t o co de ce . The object mi io to Greece t ted be

b and n ns a ma n a is a look a out him, give Opi io , th t we y k ow wh t re lly ”

f a w R ss ans &c. & c . going orw rd ith the u i , ,

n Leaks had a n n n of G was Before Captai re ched the co ti e t reece, he over

a f Sir an a the n and i s taken by letter rom Alex der B ll, Gover or Br ti h

n n a at a a n a n n a s n a s u n Ple ipote ti ry M lt , co t i i g propo itio th t he ho ld comme ce

n as Of a ea ew n s f his duties by visit i g the co t the Bl ck S . A f mo th be ore this

had en s n N s n a Sea s an emissary be e t by Lord el o to the Bl ck , wit mo t ” secret instructions to ascertain what armaments the Russians were forming

rs n and s a ma n s n en d to at Sebastopol and Che o , whether tho e r me t were i t de oppose any attempts which may be made upon the Morea by the French 20 M E M O I R O F T H E L I F E O F

Whatever may have been the precise object of the mission proposed to

a tain Leaks a ea s f m f ll w n tt r at his me m C p , it pp r ro the o o i g le e th or i mediate duties on the coasts of Albania and the Morea would not allow of his nu

Ma ta 18 Januar 180 5 . l , y, a Sir My de r ,

I have the honour t o acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 6th of as nt a a n n me a iss n o h r d l t mo h, cqu i ti g th t the m io with which y uare c a ge by Lord Harrowby will not permit yout o visit the coast of the Black Sea in ns s n and at a nt n r uis to the e i n Of the e uing pri g, th the tte io eq ite ex cut o my important commission will be incompatible with the act ivity necessary even for f ns e a ns in a n war is de e iv oper tio your qu rter, whe declared between the

Turks and the French . I amextremely sorry that the present state of affairs will prevent your

n mss n as a n f undertaki g the com i io , it would h ve bee highly satis actory t o

as l as the G n nt t o a a son of i es and me, we l to over me , h ve per your abil ti

l e in so n high character emp oy d importa t a commission. It is my anxious

h to engage in this business different persons of established character to do away with every suspicion of collusion.

' f m an sa 28th of N arr The convoy ro Engl d, which iled the ovember, ived

u s an and u a a h 12th s ant in a . ere the in t , which yo r erv t yo r b gg ge c me I

an in Re na hima nan S n d t o have ordered Lieute t pe cer, comm g the y rd, give

s n o s mGa etes. s all be a to ar passage to Corfu. I e d y u o e z t I h h ppy he

f mou a d t o e te an an s ouma a . ro y , n ex cu y comm d y y h ve

n u c. &c a the & . I h ve ho o r to be, , ,

A . LEx ANDER J . BALL

22 M E M O I R O F T H E L I F E O F

In s ns an s a s a a n Leaks s d in d ome i t ce , l o, C pt i uccee ed the iscovery and

identification of the Site of an ancient city upon a spot where not a frag

ment of any thing like architecture remained upon the surface; being led

t o make excavations solely by the fact of the frequent appearance of coins

in s . s was as in ar s of Heracleia n the oil Thi the c e reg d to the ite , the pri cipal

f e in And a a ns an is town o Sintic Thrace . rem rkable i t ce recorded by

of ans of ns and ns i ns Of o him the recovery, by me coi i cr ptio , b th the site

and na of a a n an n in a as w the me cert i cie t city, c e where it as actually nu

n n a s a s a had x s k ow to geogr pher th t uch city ever e i ted .

Having frequently met with coins on the confi nes of Thessaly and

s a n namof Cierium a ain Leaks was Epiru be ri g the e , C pt led to infer that

a d C eriumhad n s in a n ur and a city c lle i o ce exi ted th t eighbo hood, that it

Of s m an a n n n in was a city ome i port ce, lthough ever me tio ed the extant

of an . n n a s s writings tiquity At le gth, upo pot where the e coins were met

in an a a n an s in a of v with more th usu l bu d ce, he di covered the w ll the illage

church an ancient inscription relating to the boundaries between the lands Of

i r u nd es of an all r s Now a city called C e i ma th e other city c ed Met opoli . that

a city called Metropolis once existed in this locality was previously well

n n. At a f a a a an a s ns n k ow the vill ge , there ore, c lled M t r g , where thi i criptio

and s ns f n n a s n s a the e coi were ou d, there bei g l o umerou rchitectural frag

mn s nd a n an an n s a ain Leaks n n fi x n e t i ic ti g cie t ite, C pt co cluded upo i g the

site of t he hitherto unknown city of Cierium; and subsequent geographers

have agreed with him in this decision.

is no l s n ns a in s a ts But this t al . Thucydide me tio city the e p r called

u n ns als O al Piera P ieri m. a f ssa d or P Livy me tio city o The ly c le , ieria.

And we know that the Greek letters K and 11were in some instances inter

an a H n Miiller out he s s n t a in ch ge ble . e ce threw t ugge tio h t the Cierium

of a s a e the r a Of and the Pieriumof des Le k we h v Pie i Livy Thucydi . W L I E 23 I L A M M AR T I N L E A K .

’ Muller s suggestion will probably be admitted henceforward as a geographi cal fa and al d a are n for a o ct, it will be lowe th t we i debted it prim rily t the

evidence of coins.

It was at the village of Mataranga that Captain Leaks procured most of the coins of Cieriumwhich are found in his collection and described in

nic S ni s as of his Numismata Helle a. uch opportu tie this securing the coins of Greek cities in situwould make a man a collector in spite of himself : and every true numismatist will sympathiz e with Captain

’ Leake s sorrow on fi nding repeated instances of t he ruthless melting

wn of and s ns n a s s n do gold ilver coi by the provi ci l gold mith , whe ever it occurred that there was no immediate chance of disposing of them

s m n an an or Of ans n t o an a n at on to o e iti er t Fr k, tr mitti g them ge t C st antinOple.

Captai n Leaks found that the copper coins which were turned up in vast numbers in Thessaly and Macedonia were generally converted by the brazier

w isel w B into kettles and caldrons. This as prec y hat usbecq complained of

n la in s a in s e n i s f . s as taki g p ce A i M or om ce tur e be ore He record , with

n n k n a a n smi some satisfactio , the reve ge which he too upo cert i Copper th ,

he had n s at as a in n s . a who confessed that do e thi , Am i Po tu F ber quidam

ma nO ere movit stomachum. n ms a a re uireremus asrarius mihi g p Cum u i m t q ,

llam a s an disbus habuisse narrabat s lsbetes ingentemse O p uci te , ex quibu mu s a conflasset n msc aut s aut ut aret so liquot , quod ullu rum u um pretium p

an eri s n uita i ns ma n a is e a ti t s. Sed illum esse. Sa g o mihi er t dolori t tum p q

mut dicersm n u s c s iis sueressent mode ego ita ultus su me ce t m ur o pro , p ,

m Sic illumnon n s amisso so afaucibus bolO s numeraturu . mi u tri tem

sir vetust atis a ua commover - L d a at . e . a me imisi, qu m ille me j ct r g

3 . o . 5 Tar . p 24 M E M O I R O F T H E L I F E O F

In n f r ar 1 07 B is ma sts at Ports the mo th o Feb u y, 8 , the rit h diplo ti the having failed in their efforts to preserve peace between the Port s and

R ss a Sir n w n S a of a an l s his u i , Joh Duck orth e tered the tr it the D rd el e with

a n and a ara n of war was mad w n s and squ dro , decl tio e bet ee the Port

l n In ns n of s a a n Leaks f un s lf n n a . E g d co eque ce thi , C pt i o d him e detai ed

for s a n s as a is n at Sa n . On ain n his he ever l mo th pr o er lo iki reg i g liberty, sa at n to he as of s and had a nf n iled o ce t co t Epiru , there he co ere ce not less

m an in its es s an an in its s an s li i port t r ult th rom tic circum t ce , with A , the

celebrated Pacha of Albania.

h s nf n a on the n of N 12 n a re T i co ere ce took pl ce ight ovember th, e r the

f of Ni mains o the ancient city copolis. In the early part of the day a person had been sent on shore by Captain Leaks t o make arrangements for the in

’ erview and is mss n was met one of s s ari s who a t , th e e ger by Ali ecret e , g ve himconfidential instructions as t o the part he was t o play in a scene which

was t o be enacted by himself and the Pacha for the mystifi cation of the

n ns . was ass in he s n of n ns Fre ch co ul He to ume, t pre e ce the Fre ch co ul,

n nd Port s at a and o ask ss n o ur h e that E gland a the were pe ce, t permi io t p c as

’ In s ss n w n s e n ns. as s s e provisio due cour e the me e ger u hered i to Ali pr e c ,

n ns at his si and ac who sat with the Fre ch co ul de, he proceeded to t according

s for a as rovision w to his inst ructions . The reque t le ve t o purch e p s as met

li a e f sa and ad au i ss by A with p remptory re u l ; he ded, with much h ght ne ,

na ns e s at war and n m ns that the two tio wer till , that the petitio er ight co ider

s f f na in n al n to sh an nd s an n him el ortu te bei g lowed to retur the ip, with u er t di g

that she should quit the coast immediately . The interview was then broken

OE and the man o his a . , t ok dep rture

’ r w h d a r a ac n l s ar Sca cely, ho ever, a he r ived t the be h, whe A i secret y

him ar n s e a ssa a a n Leaks self who was overtook be i g a p ci l me ge to C pt i him ,

instructed t o meet the Pacha that very evening on a certain spot by the W I I L L A M M A R T I N L E A K E .

- N oli A h n on sea side near icop s. s t eeveni g drew the weather became v rm was ee nsaf an and was w t ery sto y ; it d med u e to chor, there doubt he her

h s i a n on the oas . And n n a had not Ali t e h p could rem i c t whe ight c me, ca s a fi re t on a and s s s a oa u ed to be ligh ed the be ch mu ket di ch rged, the b t men would not have been able in the darkness to fi nd the place of rendez

h d an a a was d s a n a . a s vous After they l ded, the P ch di covere e ted u der

wo of his s nfi n a ffi s t a s cliff and attended by t mo t co de ti l o cer , wi h gu rd id f stationed at a short distance . He had got r o the French consul by an a fi and was now at act on his ns for a s rti ce, liberty to up predilectio Briti h

r n alliance without fear or rest ai t .

The conference resulted in an engagement on the part of Ali to use all his influence to effect a reconciliation with the Port s . It las ted for t wo

f h d so an us and the s . n o s a hour Whe they br ke up, the ur become d gero ,

n so a k a was f n a s oss t o a s . ight d r , th t it ou d lmo t imp ible re ch the hip The

n n w ef n and w a d s n n f light i g, ho ever, b rie ded them ; ith te iou dre chi g rom

sea and the a n s in n on a and the r i they ucceeded getti g bo rd, the Delight stood away from the coast .

f ir a t r s n at Ports who It was the wish o S Arthur P g e , the B iti h e voy the , had intrusted Captain Leaks wit h this important mission to the Pacha Of

an a a s n t a e s a s of is n rs Alb i , th t he hould ego i t with other l o the Turk h gover o

n of the provinces if it were thought expedie t .

is d s a l and ouare f l a s t o a It very e ir b e, y hereby ul y uthori ed, m ke

' sa f nd d s on the a of His Ma s t o an of the me rie ly O er p rt je ty, y other the

n s of s n s in E in gover or the Turki h provi ce urope, with whom your judge

n f l al n l d may n e n n n me t, rom your oc k ow e ge, you thi k it exp die t to e ter i to

n Youw at n f a f x n negotiatio . ill o ce eel the gre t importance o e citi g these

E 26 M E M O I R O F T H E L I F E O F

Pachas to resist to the uttermost the prosecution of the dangerous designs which Russia and France are meditating conj Ointly against the Turkish empire . I trust that the state of your health will allow youto undertake

s n s n ss n. If n a to and a n s ul not thi i tere ti g mi io , co tr ry hope expect tio , it ho d

in ou ll so as a s of imt o be your power, y wi be good to rep ir without lo s t e

a a and t o n a . t he as ns of a al ere M lt , commu ic te to Mr Morier re o your rriv th , as in that case he will be instructed to proceed in the important business in question.

ams t o add a n a n Ports whi I orry th t the egoti tio with the , with ch I was a has n n off and a amus n n to ch rged, bee broke , th t I j t getti g u der weigh ” n return t o E gland .

’ Captain Leake s health had suffered so much from a severe illness at

n a in a n of 1805 ha f un n ssa Apollo i the utum , t t he o d it ece ry to recruit it by a s as n of s and af in n a s ssf ss s an e o re t, ter br gi g to ucce ul i ue the mo t import t of n a ns i Sir a had n s him sa the egoti tio w th which Arthur P get e tru ted , he iled at n e t o S a s a his o lli n w d and n ro o c yr cu e to m ke report t Lord Co g oo , the p

ceeded n d to E glan .

The terms Of his engagement made by Ali Pacha with Captain Leaks

n he ea- a a li w so ff al ar a in t he upo t s be ch t Nicopo s ere e ectu ly c ried out, th t

course of the ensuing summer the Ports and the British Government were

on mre a a ce o t pe ce .

n f a had n s n mn at all Ali, however, eve be ore the tre ty bee ig ed, deter i ed

a a s s s a ss ns of n n his own and h z rd to re i t the ggre io the Fre ch upo territory,

’ a l s G nmn for Sa m Eflendi one he pp ied to the Briti h over e t help . id Akh et , of his os nfi n a s an s was s a t o n n a m t co de ti l erv t , di p tched Lo do , ch rged with

a m n a ns as as a f a s n of verb l co mu ic tio well with orm l epi tle to the Ki g, which h t e following is a translation. L W I L L I A M M A R T I N E A K E .

To a s Of n s of —the na w l s h the gre te t the Ki g Europe, Mo rch ho ru e over t e

O an — f of the S ns of R l n Of esus — ce , the chie overeig the e igio J , the

a s in a s and — Of his l s gre te t M je ty Power, the mighty Protector A lie ,

The n of n Ki g Engla d .

a n a n s f n and a l is With ve er tio the mo t pro ou d, ove which deeply

in a and w o s a dr ss rooted my he rt mixed ith my blo d, I , pre ume to d e your

’

a s as an s a a a s s an s . M je ty humble l ve, re dy to execute your M je ty comm d

’ Sir a a es s la a ass was s n o At the time, , th t your M j ty te mb ador e t t

ns an n G nmn n ea n t o a a be Co t ti ople, I wrote to my over e t e tr ti g it m ke pe ce,

a s not an n n a n ss had a s n n t w s c u e e mitybut o ly cool e ri e betwee the o court , and no real war could ever take place between friends whose natural union was so firmly rooted that it could not be shaken by trifling misunder s n n s is a h hi h a s . so n t e a as t di g Thi truth u doubted, th t del y w ch occurred

s nf na a c den s ann ns as of an anc by ome u ortu te c i t c ot be co idered y import e, n r can e n fi nal ad s n of ff is on s o it pr ve t the ju tme t every di erence . It thi a n a a s rn n t o ask for ea and mre ccou t th t I h ve reque ted my gove me t p ce , y

n quest has bee complied with .

The Port s ass of s n r of a a n , well ured the i ce ity my tt chme t to your

s has fi t e s n n n a s n of Maje ty, thought to deput me to e d to Lo do per o my

' n ina n w a s rans s Sidki Efi endi who is own om tio ith the p per which it t mit to , especially charged with the affairs of my Government in England.

' In n s s a s a e Sai Eflendi obedie ce to their de ire I h ve di p tch d d Akhmet , a person acting in my confidence and particularly in my most intimate

’

ns s. a a n Leaks a s s s an and f i n cou el C pt i , your M je ty erv t my r e d, received f in s n n i a n Of all m s s and has n t l rom me per o the i t m tio y wi he , u doub ed y

' a d k Efiendi n his m ade your Majesty acquainted with them . S i A hmet upo 28 M E M O I R O F T H E L I F E O F arrival in London will also inform your Majesty of all that I have charged — him with verbally and in the greatest confidence and your Majesty may

ns as o n f own co ider it c mi g rommy mouth .

I entreat your Majesty to take into your serious consideration what

sha l And he l tell you . I humbly hope that your Majesty will send him

ac t h a n n n of s n of m b k wi h t e ple si g i tellige ce the accompli hme t y desires .

Of the a s of n s of — na who ul s gre te t the Ki g Europe, the Mo rch r e over the a — he ef of S ns of t he R i n of ss s — the oce n t Chi the overeig elig o J u ,

a s and o — tbe m of his ll s — gre test in maje ty p wer, ighty Protector A ie , the

n of n an Ki g E gl d,

Th ed S an e devot erv t,

ALI G rn of &c. &c . , ove or ,

In compliance with the wishes of their new ally the Government decided upon sending off t o Greece a large quantity of artillery and ammunition ;

a ta n Leaks s a was now n ss n t o C p i , who e he lth recruited, bei g commi io ed present the ordnance stores to Ali himself in person in the name of His

Ma es w fr s ns ns h are con j ty . He as also charged with e h i tructio , whic tained in the following document issued t o him from the Foreign Office

a n n : by Mr . Secret ry Ca ni g

Fore Omes October 1 m 2 m. ign , ,

The King has been pleas ed to appoint you to proceed t o the Medi terranean for the purpose of availing yourself of any occasion which may a se n n n a n a a of oannina in conse ri to e ter i to commu ic tio with Ali P ch J ,

' quence of t he application of that Chieftain for His Majesty s assistance a a ns r n g i t the F e ch .

30 M E M O I R O F T H E L I F E O F the ordnance stores entrusted to your care ; and you will avail yourself Of the favourable impression which will undoubtedly be made upon His High

’ ’ ness smind by this evidence of His Majesty s attention to his wants and s li a ns to a v s s n of ff ns a ns o cit tio , urge him to igorou pro ecutio O e ive Oper tio a a ns n n g i t the commo e emy .

You will endeavour to prevail upon Ali Pacha to make use Of his in

fluence for uniting the other Albanian Chieft ains against the French ; espe ciall for s a n Pa a of S a t o act ff ns y per u di g the Vizier, the ch cut ri, o e ively against the French troops bordering upon his province on the side of the

Bocche di C attaro and Dalmatia : and for t he furtherance of these views

ma if find n and if n off n e you y, you it expedie t, it could be do e without e c to

Ali a a a n a sma l a f he d s s P ch , ret i l p rt o t art illery an tore committed to your

a e s n t o a ua . t a of S ch rg , to be pre e ed the P ch c t ri

Should Ali Pacha determine upon commencing hostilities against the

’ n an - in- i f of His Ma est s na a f s in Fre ch, the Comm der ch e ! y v l orce the Medi terranean has been instructed t o employ his ships on that station in effect in if a a n of n a s n in f g, pr ctic ble, the reductio the Fre ch g rri o the town o

Which instruction you will represent to have been given in conse

’ quence of Ali Pacha s request through the Said Akhmet ; and with the view of putting him in possession of a port which he has represented as so impor

’ tant to the security of his country ; and as a fresh proof Of His Majesty s

’ friendship and attention to Ali Pacha s interests and wishes .

If the peace should have been concluded between His Majesty and

O an Port s and s f war n Ports and the ttom , hould be ollowed by betwee the

an a a w l a s s n his a i s be Fr ce, Ali P ch i l prob bly be di po ed to exte d Oper t on

n his own a f n i s and t o his and s u s in yo d immedi te ro t er , exert power re o rce

n l n s In a n i a annoying the e emy in the Seven Is a d . th t eve t youw ll cquaint 81 W I L L I A M M A R T I N L E A K E .

His Highness that our ships of war upon the coast of Albania are directed to CO- a e for th same r s Oper t with him e pu po e .

of h s ns ns is ans ai n s A Copy t e e i tructio tr mitted to Mr . Ad r, u der who e immediate superintendence youwill consider yourself as acting whenever

ou a ni of mn n mn y h ve the Opportu ty com u icati g with him . You will com u i ca t o llin and Sir l an e a in a te them Lord Co gwood A ex d r B ll, order th t you may have the benefi t of their advice assistance and co-operation in devising

s s of ff n of n And l a the be t mode e ecti g the objects your missio . youwi l t ke

n of nf n a of every Opportu ity i ormi g Mr . Ad ir the progress of your commu nica ons ti with Ali Pacha.

am a r and a &c I , with gre t t uth reg rd, .

EORGE CANNI N G e.

Ca ta Lea s &c. p in k ,

a a n Leaks a at Prev za in a 1809 and f a C pt i rrived y Febru ry, , rom th t

n a 18 10 had his s a s n at Prev za time u til M rch , , he u u l re ide ce either y or

cannina ma n f n us ns n o s s of s and es J , ki g reque t exc r io i t the di trict Epiru Th sa w w n his ffi a s n ly hich he had not visited before . It as duri g o ci l re ide ce at Jcannina that a visit was paid to the court of Ali Pacha by the author ’ i — h Of ar . n s f a n n ad Childe H old Lord Byro orm l i troduct o to Ali , who ” n s nf r a ain Leaks n s n s Of his bee previou ly i o med by C pt , the E gli h mi i ter, ”— being of a great family was described by himself in a letter to his mother and in a note to Childe Harold he records with satisfaction

’ upon Captain Leake s authority the fact that he had advanced farther into

n of an an f a t n a a n Leaks the i terior Greece th y ormer tr veller, excep i g C pt i

as a n Of s n lis n a he s m- a a himself. The c u l meeti g the e two E g hme t t e i b rb ric court of Joannina gives rise to a train of reflections . Neither of the two 2 M E M O I R O F T H E L I F E O F

f n n n and afte had as yet been much heard o amo g their cou tryme , yet both r

In ns u n of n s no t wo men a while became men of note . the co tit tio their mi d l he . The one was a a a could have been more unlike each ot r ccur te, logic ,

- - - and pre eminently matter of fact : the other was imaginative and excursive.

n ns Of an n s in The one found his amusement in explori g the rui cie t citie ,

n f n n n s and in mar n a la f his s ide ti yi g a cie t ites, co p i g wh t y be ore eye with

f S a a san as : as what he read of in the descriptions o tr bo or P u i the other,

Leak s f se to sa n as f n a n of n a s him el u d y, tur ed ide rom the co templ tio e rer

n sa n of s ab t o a an air objects and from the co ver tio tho e out him , g ze with

' n a ns one was n a in distrazt and dreamy upon the distant mou t i . The e g ged

‘ collecting materials for those elaborate volumes which have now become a text-book t o the Greek archmologist : the other was filling his mind with those images of

’ — Ster A ba a s h s n l ni ill , ’ ’ Dar Bu s roc s and us a eak k li k , Pind inl nd p

Robe ha f st be ewe w th s ow r s d l in mi , d d i n y ill , Arrayed in many a dun and purplestreak which were afterwards transferred by him t o the pages of the second canto

Of his Childe H arold .

N t ss s s i s so n for s a e ever hele , the e p rit diverge t the mo t p rt wer agreed in one respect : each saw that the Greeks were cruelly Oppressed by their

Turkish rulers ; each looked upon them as betrayed by the great Powers Of

Europe who ought to have befriended them ; each resolved to devote all his

n A n of s n ss was e ergies to their deliverance . n expressio thi devoted e recorded

a n as RCt ions Of his f a of . one in a n s anzas mo g the l t li e by e ch them The , cert i t

r n at ss n sse his t mna n e f w itte Mi olo ghi, expre d de er i tio to give up to the caus O

G a n of f m s ma n himandthe in hi reece wh tever portio li e ight till re i to other, s ” N s a a en s s n rd d fa of umi m t Hell ic , olem ly reco e the ct his having devoted W I LL I A M M A R T I N L E A K E . t he labour and research Of sixty years to the enlightenment of the Greeks in regard t o the history and geography Of the countries which were civilized by ” ” In a n s n n for w a n ss Of their unrivalled ancestors . ge erou i dulge ce the e k e

n o and in a f a ss a a of ai s n the moder Greek pe ple, e rle dvoc cy their cl m upo

s a Of the s n n Leaks was ns s n t o as . the ymp thy Briti h Gover me t, co i te t the l t

se s s st an Of his ss n s and fe The motive ugge ed m y le er writi g , throughout li

a u his n sa n g ve a colo r to co ver tio .

Captain Leaks had now attained the rank of major in his regiment ;

’ and on his n n an His a s s G rn n ta n n con retur to E gl d M je ty ove me t, ki g i to sideration the services on which he had been employed in Turkey since the

“ ea 1798 s and as na a y r , thought it ju t re o ble th t he should continue t o receive ” I a certain proportion of his former allowances . n pursuance of thi s decision a letter was addressed to the Lords Commissioners Of theTreasury by Lord

as a at n Offi on 2 l st 18 12 s n C tlere gh the Foreig ce, April , , de iri g their Lord

l of . n ships to be pleased to receive the p easure H R . High ess the Prince

R n on e a f of His a s s an n a ege t, the b h l M je ty, with re pect to the gr ti g to M jor

Leaks an a an of £600 ann n : sa en f llow ce per um , ett the me to comm ce rom the 5th day of January last which allowance was submitted to Parliament in s a s Of n s ss n S a at W the e tim te the ext e io by the ecret ry ar.

On n 4 18 13 a Leaks for his s Ju e , , M jor received ervices the brevet rank of Lieutenant Colonel .

He was now engaged in arranging the large collection of geographical

a als i had f k a w m teri wh ch he brought home with him rom Tur ey, with vie to

n a a a for s s Of n al nf a re der them v il ble purpo e ge er i orm tion and usefulness.

It was his original intention to give to the world the result of his inquiries in s ss a s of a n n s n Res a s i the ucce ive p rt co ti uou work , to be e titled , e rche n

r fa t o u e ce S ement . P ppl , p iii . 34 M E M O I R O F T H E L I F E O F

G and in 18 14 was s he fi a f reece ; publi hed t rst p rt O this work . In this

volume the author confined himself to the modern Greek language and dialects ; discussing at some length the structure and etymology of the

R a n n n a n Of G rs and the a n a om ic, the moder pro u ci tio the reek lette , cce tu l

f a a al ad the R a a mode o reading Greek . He rem rked th t re y om ic l nguage had n fi and fin n n nt bee much puri ed re ed, without becomi g u i elligible to

“ n eO le: and ss his n n a t he a the commo p p he expre ed co victio , th t with d

an a it ss ss s of a n n a s aflinit an n G and v t ge po e e ret i i g clo e y with the cie t reek, a s an a s of n and its ns t the ame time with the l gu ge moder Europe, co equent fa of v n a s f ma a if not s cility recei i g be utie rom both , it y become equ l, uperior, ” a to any modern European dialect . He showed th t during the preceding half century an improvement in the moral condition of the Greeks had been going on p art p assu with the gradual extension of education and

a and a a the n su an G s liter ture, he rgued th t o ly re pl by which the reek could hO e n n was a n h a ad a n p to better their co ditio th t upo whic they were lre y cti g,

a ful a n of . namely, the c re educ tio their youth

s a a ns w s n The e liter ry occup tio , ho ever, were peedily i terrupted by the great military movements which took place throughout Europe in con

n Of s a of na a f a a in ns n seque ce the e c pe Bo p rte rom Elb e rly the e ui g year .

From the following Oflicial letter it will be seen that Colonel Leaks was ap

at n n a of S iss nf a n n ass pointed to te d upo the rmy the w Co eder tio , the embled near the French frontier under the command Of the Austrian Archduke

John.

Fore n Ofi ce Ma 8 1 1 ig , y , 8 5 .

I have the honour t o acquaint you that His Royal Highness the

Prince Regent has been graciously pleased t o appoint youto reside at the 36 W I L L I A M M A R T I N L E A K E .

a a s Of ar of ss nf a n now asse in on he d qu rter the my the Swi Co eder tio , mbl g

the frontiers of France for the purpose of defending the Swiss frontier

against any att ack which may be made upon it by the French troops .

am f to s r a m a to a I , there ore, de i e th t you will i medi tely proceed th t

destination ; and on delivering the accompanying duplicate of my dispatch

u t o the of s a e t o Mr. ann n ou s t o in o thi d t C i g, y will reque t him troduce y

G n n at !u or n a a s of a e over me t rich , to the pri cip l uthoritie the pl ce wher he

ma s nt and t o t a n for ou s t miss n t o s at y be re ide , Ob i y the requi i e per io re ide

the head quarters Of the Swiss army .

l in n of t s s t a n It wi l be your duty, the executio hi ervice , to Ob i every

ss nf rma n t ar to s at n s n and cons u i n po ible i o tio wi h reg d the itu io , tre gth , tr ct o

of the Swiss army ; the state of the fortresses in the neighbourhood the f and n s of n and on a al in on orce moveme t the e emy, every other m teri po t

’ which it may be important that His Majesty s Government should be fully

informed.

’ Y ouwill also afford to his Majesty s Minister in Switzerland every as sistence in your power in the execution of the instructions he has received

ar s ass s n in e ns n of S ss s a i tow d i ti g the r co tructio the wi Corp , l tely n the

v e f His s r s an a s ser ic o mo t Ch i ti M je ty .

a s n ssa a ous ann n nd It will l o be ece ry th t y hould keep Mr . C i g a the

Duke Of Wellington regularly informed on all the points Of your cor

s n nc t s n n h m s of u s a c s or re po de e wi h me, either by e di g t e Copie yo r di p t he ,

n s n n in s a a d n as ma by e clo i g them u der fly g e l, ccor i g you y be guided by

r al s ua n eans Of n an you loc it tio , or by the m co vey ce at your disposal .

am t a and ar &c &c. I , wi h gre t truth reg d , .

CASTLEREAOII .

To Lt . Col. W l a Mart Leaks i li m in ,

of the Ro al Art er 8m. &c . &c . y ill y, 36 M E M O I R O F T H E L I F E O F

S n at on in Sw lan in s an Of his ns ns etti g out ce to itzer d pur u ce i tructio ,

n Leaks ra wa Of russ s in ni a h Colo el t velled by y B el , order to commu c te wit

of l n n was at a i a a s Of the Duke We li gto , who th t t me with the he d qu rter the

s s n and s n n n a s of ar Briti h troop , collecti g adju ti g the compo e t p rt the my

f w w In which ought the battle of Waterloo a fe weeks aft er ards. the event

' Of its n n s a s act n Oflensive bei g determi ed by the Allie th t they hould upo the , the Duke had already given it as his Opinion that the first movement ought

ad in a n Leaks was n and a to be m e the qu rter to which Colo el bou d, th t the forces on the left of their line should cross the Rhine between Basle and

S as u . The u was not a an a tr b rg D ke, however, prep red with y immedi te c n a n on the s as l a a f f l w n n and ommu ic tio ubject, it wil ppe r rom the o lo i g ote,

n l Colo e Leaks proceeded at once on his journey .

’ of in t n s n s n Leaks and s The Duke Well g o complime t to Colo el , beg

n an n to acquaint him that he will have occasio to write to Mr . C ni g upon a s n e s n s G nmn is n ssa ha ubject i t re ti g to the Briti h over e t, but it ece ry t t he s fi s a a f n o K n of an ann re hould r t m ke re ere ce t the i g Fr ce, to which he c ot

ive an an w for a The f not ce s da . a n er y or two Duke, there ore, will det i ” Le k Colonel a s .

B russes Ma 21 1 1 . l , y , 8 5

’ u n n Leaks s s n S ss a m D ri g Colo el re ide ce with the wi r y, the repeated

a ss ns Of n on one s and an of - ggre io the Fre ch the ide, the w t cordial co opera t n on a of s of s on s s io the p rt ome the troop the other ide, upplied matter for

f n dis a s t o the n n at ne f reque t p tche Gover me t home . O O the most vigorous

proceedings on the part of the Swiss was the reduction Of the French fortress

of Hunin en f of asl had n e g , rom which the city B e suffered co siderabl

38 M E M O I R O F T H E L I F E O F

’ On his return to England Colonel Leake s literary labours were re s and n n n mss n wn umed, they were co ti ued with but little i ter i io do to the end of his if l e .

In 182 1 he gave to the world his Topography Of Athens ; and in

’ ” 1822 his d n of a s a s in N i d a S a an a a. e itio Burckh rdt Tr vel ub , yri , Ar bi

In 1824 came his nal of a in s a n ar s on out Jour Tour A i Mi or, with rem k

the Ancient and Modern Geography of that Country ; being an u plifi

i n of tha i f s in t his fa w was n in t o t very br e ketch the let er to ther, hich give

” In 1 2 a former part of this Memoir . 8 6 he published an Historical Out ” In 1827 in n un n h the n a n. lineOf the Greek Revolutio , co j ctio wit Ho our ble

h e his N s Of h f an M n n s Charles Yorke, eproduc d otice the C ie Egypti o ume t ” i s a at n es a l s his e a n n the British Mu eum, work which o ce t b i hed r put tio

s o f among the scholars of the Continent . In 1830 he publi hed ne o his ” a s and s a n s the a s in sa a an gre te t mo t le r ed work , Tr vel the Mor , ccomp ied f w by a large and valuable map . This was ollo ed in 1835 by the Travels ” f in N n a o a s a and im rtance. In 1841 orther Greece, work equ l re e rch m

ra h of ns a a s n n anda s n the Topog p y Athe c me to eco d editio , eco d volume

” “ ” was a of a. In 1846 was l s nn s a a dded to the Demi Attic pub i hed Pelopo e i c , ” n ns n a supplement to the Travels i the Morea. TO the Tra actio s of the

a S of a Of n Leak was a - si n Roy l ociety Liter ture, which Colo el s Vice Pre de t,

n a n s s of a n a s one of w his N s be co tributed lo g erie le r ed p per , hich , ote

n S a s was ss in a a f and i us a fac- s s upo yr cu e, i ued det ched orm, ll tr ted by imile

of the beautiful coins of Syracuse produced by a peculiar process on em

In 1857 bossed paper . he published a treatise upon Some disputed ques ” t ions Of Ancient Geography . And besides these larger and more learned

s a s s of a s ss f his en fr n work , erie p mphlet i ued rom p om time to time dow to

Page3 . L K W I L L I A M M A R T I N E A E . 39

the a 1858 for s a n n n in ye r , elicited the mo t p rt by eve ts happe i g the polit ical

and ns a s a world, i pired throughout by th t de ire to ple d the cause and to a n n s Of Gr e was n assi n f hi f o s . ve ge the wro g e ce, which the ruli g p o li e

’ n a s a ea s w f n r f Colo el Le ke l ter y r , ho ever, ou d thei chie employment in ” e ara i n of h s the pr p t o i Numismata Hellenics . To the collection of

coins which he had brought home with him from Greece he had made very large additions by purchas e at the great sales in London and upon the Con tinent of ns r the as and an im , the Devo hi e, Pembroke, the Thom , m y other

an a n s and his n w ow n port t c bi et , collectio as n e titled to a place among the

firs f n in In t private collections o Greek coi s Europe . the Numismat a

n s not n is n s a a e s e and s r Helle ic o ly every coi ep r t ly regi t red de c ibed, but its a n n Greek s and its nn n e a be ri g upo hi tory co ectio with the lit r ture, or the

almo ra h a and s a n n the mythology , or the p g p y, or the politic l oci l co ditio , or

a of an n c are a n in a s s Of n es en n geogr phy cie t Gree e, expl i ed erie ot ext di g

was is in 1854 and a su n a over the whole work . It publ hed , ppleme t c me

’ f w w ks f ne out in 1859 n a e ea s a . a , o ly ee be ore Colo l L ke de th By the p psarance of these volumes the Often- repeated imputation upon English s a s f the a s of a at nn n of as n to chol r , rom d y H ym the begi i g the l t ce tury,

of i lin n in s n of a n n n n in those M l ge the pre e t, h vi g do e little or othi g the de

a mn of n s a l e a andof n n n t o a f n s p rt e t umi m tic it r ture, bei g co te t le ve to oreig er

f n of ns a a a for r s s of s the task o rendering a collectio coi v il ble pu po e tudy, was at once removed ; and it has been remarked by no mean authority that if hea had n n an t n es s s a e t uthor ever writte y hi g b ide thi work, he would h v f earned for himself a high reputation among the literati o Europe .

’ During Colonel Leake s residence in Greece he had availed himself of

f in his wa t o c not c ns n ms the Opportunities that ell y ollect oi o ly, but ge

a s as s n s and a es. The a s s nt in 1839 t o the l o, v e , bro ze , m rbl m rble he pre e ed ”

r s seu . s a ns he ar s in his t t o B iti h Mu m It eldom h ppe , rem k let er the 40 M E M O I R O F T H E L I F E O F

s s Of s a a ns Of art fr mG ar n tru tee the Mu eum , th t rem i o reece e ot Of some

a a are not of s m in a ae a s s v lue, or th t they o e utility rch ologic l tudie , when

n is — A t f ’ a l n n. l s o s a s is n their origi ex ct y k ow i the e m rble give below .

s as s and n s The gem , v e , bro ze , together with the collection of coins

In as a a as s of so man a cre ed by the ccumul ted purch e y ye rs, and a library of books formed during the long prosecution of those studies t o which

had s f arenow s a he so successfully devoted him el , depo ited by the uthority of his an s of s s are ns ff will in the h d tru tee , who i tructed to O er the whole for purchase at a price very much below what they would fetch in the public

a i n fi rs the n s Of a and in as Of fu uct o room , t to U iver ity C mbridge , c e re sal by

n s of am n s Of O f and in the U iver ity C bridge, to the U iver ity x ord, the event

of a fusa n n in a a als a a n r re l bei g give th t qu rter o, to the H rv rd U ive sity at

n ea s s a s in his l a . a C mbridge, Massachusetts Colo el L k t te wil th t he was

i o a of his e a moved to order this d sposal t be m de prop rty, by conviction of

the great importance of a systematical collection of Greek coins to the ” s Of an Of l a nn G n tudy every br ch iter ture co ected with the reek la guage,

1. B ust of rEschines scr be w th his a e fro B it olia t he a e , in i d i n m , m in nci nt Pelagonia

presented to Colonel Leaks by Ali Pacha.

2 . H ead su ose of o er. Fro thesa e ace. , pp d H m m m pl

3 . B asso re e o of a woma ho n a torch sta bet wee a hor an li v n ldi g , nding n se d a dog. From

Crannon Thessa . , in ly ' a o e Oflerin 4 . B asso relievo representing v tiv g Of hair to Nept une by Philombrotus and

A hth netu so s of D i omachus . Fro Theb o s en e Phthioticm. p , n m

ra t of a re e r res t n — 5 . F gmen basso li vo ep en i g a batt le of Amazons perhaps the death or

Fro B r Laco a. captureof Penthesileia. m yseaain ni ut a F h r u uc te . ro t ecoas . e h 6 Status of c es t of Laco a. H l , m m il d m ni

T fro u u robab thea c ent Th rse 7. orso L thePeIO onn . , m k , p ly n i y , in p esus

8 . Dra e fe a e wa t thehea . Fro S arta. p d m l , n ing d m p

f ica hrionis. . er a c statueo Ceres e te b C 9 H m i , d d d y

1 a te t efro E iumin Achaia. 0. P in d il m g 41 W I L L I A M M A R T I N L E A K E . and also by a desire to obviate the main diffi culties that impede the progress of the student by making a collection of Greek coins more easy of access

an are n c as is s a ase in at a n ts and th they whe lo ked up, u u lly the c , priv e c bi e , by depositing themin a place habitually frequent ed by persons likely t o consult them .

In a 1838 o n Leaks a ed za a s the ye r C lo el m rri Eli beth Wr y , the elde t

a of Sir ha s ns and the w of a a s n fi s d ughter C rle Wilki , wido Willi m M r de , r t f m S a o a . a a s as e and a n s ecret ry the Ad ir lty To th t l dy, who e t t cquireme t

were such as to qualify her for taking a more than ordinary interest in her

’ s an s fa s s and s s f ma de i hu b d vourite tudie pur uit , he or lly dicated h s last work ” the N s a a n s a n a a f a n w n t a umi m t Helle ic , ddi g gr ce ul ck o ledgme t h t he

was m ainly indebted to her zeal and perseverance for it s completion .

r n on anua 6th 1860 aft a s n and s He died at B ighto J ry , , er udde hort H w n ss and was n in c te at nsa G n. e as ill e , i terred the eme ry Ke l ree

u i of the n of G e . Trico n s followed to the grave by M p , the Mi i ter Ki g reec ,

who had expressed a desire to make this public acknowledgment Of the

respect and gratitude of his countrymen .

n Leaks was a f of sev al a n s s n s Colo el ellow er le r ed ocietie , both E gli h

was a a of the S Of an in and foreign. He dmitted member ociety Dilett ti

1 14 a o a s of Nor hwick and a n in 1859 8 : nd n the de th Lord t Mr . H milto

e a se n on the s o d e en n n a him. he b c me the co d li t , L r Ab rde o ly bei g bove

In 1828 he was elected a member of The Club ; and at the time of his

was he sen e one of R a death he t ior m mber but the oy l Society Club . He

f l w of R a S and of R a G a was a e lo the oy l ociety, the oy l eogr phical Society ; an honorary member of the Asiatic Society ; a Vice President of the

Royal Society of Literature; an honorary member of the Royal Academy

of Sciences at Berlin ; a correspondent of the Royal Institute of France ;

f n s f a . O o Oxf . and an honor ry D . C L . the U iver ity ord

G 42 M E M O I R O F T H E L I F E O F

The character of Colonel Leaks was distinguished by a singular

s a n s an s s s as s n a a an Of incommu mode ty, mo g tr ger ometime umi g the ppe r ce

F w men n a n s n so nd ni ive s . e a d n cat re erve , i deed, h vi g ee much o e so

d a SO f n so nwi n a w the much an re d much , could be ou d u lli g to llo events of

their own lives to be made the subject of general conversation as Colonel

ak s w The Of s is s of Le as . Object thi memoir to record ome the most in

t eresting of those events . It will serve t o show what may be done in the

world by a young man who sets himself resolutely to make the most of his

w a in s f n s . see O an opportu itie We the Wool ich c det , pite m y discourage

n s and difliculties s n n a s n n a s me t , ri i g i to po itio to do ho our ble ervice to his

n as a s a s a and a a s . D n cou try oldier, chol r, diplom ti t uri g his residence of

s f ars at s in s n s s of w tho e our ye the out et the We t I die , the re ult hich in some

c s w a n n a s Of n n s f- n n fi ase ould h ve bee to i duce h bit i dole t el i dulge ce, we nd

a n n the n n of his lot n s n him l me ti g mo oto y , but ever uccumbi g to it . TO

travellers of a more recent period the diffi culties which he had to encounter

s n his es a s in G e are a n n n while pur ui g r e rche r ece ltogether u k ow . They

a n ns for e an a n ma Of r h ve o ly to co ult th ir guid ce Fre ch p the Morea, fo in

s an s e Of a s n ne s in e t ce , executed by om the ble t e gi er Europ , whereas in

’ Colonel Leake s time there did not exist a single map which could be relied

n as o a n s n Of an one upo , either to the litt r l outli e, or the po itio y point in the

n and in a at an n of a san i terior, order to rrive the me i g P u ias or Strabo he

a his a for s f was obliged to m ke geogr phy him el . Modern travellers have

’ repeatedly acknowledged t hat Colonel Leake s success can only be appre

cis ted as it ought to be by those who are aware of the manifold diflicult ies

w i had n n w and n s h ch he to co te d ith , the hourly impedime t which stood in

the way of any traveller who at that period might attempt to make himself

ua n n of acq i ted with the i terior Greece .

The testimonies of a long succession Of travellers and critics to Colonel W I L L I A M M A R T I N L E A K E . 43

’ Leake s merits as a top ographer may be summed up in the following

s n n His s a s s n an f sa a e te ce re e rche , pro ecuted u der m i old di dv ntages, must

continue to form the basis of all that yet remains to be done towards com

pleting our systematic knowledge of the subject which has worthily occupied so many years Of his life : in all essential points they are models Of their

n “ ki d .

The tablet erected over his remains in the catacombs of the cemetery at

Kensal Green bears the following inscription

I N MEMORY OF

W I LLIAM M RTI A N LEAK E , &c .

LATE LIEUTENANT- COLONEL IN THE RO AL ARTILLER Y Y,

SON J HN ART N LEAK E E HO P ALL E! OF O M I S IRE OF T R E H ESS . , !U , ,

AN ACCOMPLISHED SCHOLAR ,

D -AN N ED R TRUTH AN U WEARI SEARCHER AFTE ,

CUED THE EARL HISTORY ’ OF GREECE EROM OBSCURITY RES Y ,

D TI N AND THE MO ERN FROM MISREPRESENTA O ,

IN A SERIES OF LEARNED WORKS

WHICH HAVE CAUSED HIS NAME TO BE HONOURED IN EVERY COUNTRY

WHERE LITERATURE IS CULTIVATED .

HI S LIFE

WAS ILL TRATI E OF THOSE GRAVE MODEST AND NOBLE TRAIT OF CHARACTER US V , , S

- WHICH ADORN INTELLECTU AL PRE EMINENCE.

HE WA BORN J N S A UARY 14,

HE ED NU R 1 0. DI JA A Y 6, 86

E bur h Rev ew Ju 1842 din g i , ly,