MARCH 23, 1973 25 CENTS VOLUME 3~/NUMBER 11

A SOCIALIST NEWSWEEKlY /PUBLISHED IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE Protests suooort Indian rights o n a

~0 1 N\)\AN

11 / .. r.vF , . I r/-' !(r )JJ

~~carriers and federal marshals surround Wolllded Knee,S.D. DemonstratOfsln C~nd !right! and other cities oppoee goYIM'Tm8flt ttTeat8 to Invade area occupied by Indian mtlltants. See pages 4-5.

Sisterhood Is International

Militon t /Mo r~ XJ it noH nternaUonal aboftion r~ts meeting in New 'tt>fk pEdges to continue struggle. Reports on lnt 'I Women's Day, pages 9, 11. In Briel MULTILINGUAL REGISTRATION WON INN. Y.: On escape attempt of several San Quentin prlso~rs to re­ March 12 federal district Judge Cl_larles Stewart Jr. ordered veal to the public that he had been framed up a·nd sen­ the New York City board of elections and board of edu­ tenced to life Imprisonment for a $10 theft In 1963. "I cation to provide Spanish- and Chinese-language regis­ was In prison on a lawyer's frrlse plea of guUty," Magee tration materials and translators for the May 1 community testified. "My attempts to prove my lnnocenc"e resulted school board elections. in the state of California suppressing the trial records." This Is n significant victory for parents of school child­ Magee denied he murdered Judge Harold Haley, who THIS ren in District 1 and other districts where many parents was being held hostage In the prisoners' escape van. He don't speak English. District 1 community-control forces maintained Haley was killed by pollee who fired nt the WEEK'S nrc supporting candidates for the community school board fleeing van. In opposition to rlght-wlng groups and racist .teachers. The court decision resulted from· a suit brought by candi­ WO~EN MEET IN NEW YORK: Some 300 women turned MILITANT dates and voters In six school districts and the Committee out March 3 for n conference on Women and the Universi­ 3 French election results for Democratic Election Laws, n nonpartisan voting-rights ty spon"Sored by the City University of New York Women's 10 Thieu expels journalists group. Coalition. Panels nt the conference, which was attended 11 Antiwar ·POWs speak mainly by woman faculty members, discussed , the role 12 Sri Lanka-Island behind of higher education In liberating women, prejudice ngnlnst bars Civil rights leaders women In the university, women's studies, and other sub­ jects: 13 lnt'l S crisis deepest since 30s call spring offensive RAP BROWN TRIAL IN EIGHTH WEEK: Flfty prose­ 14 Issues facing auto The fifth anniversary of the nssnsslnntlon of Mnrtln Luther cution witnesses have testified so far In the trial of Black workers King Jr. on AprU 4 will signal the start of a "national activist H. Rap Brown and his three codefendants on spring offensive" against the Nixon administration's cut­ 15 Stewardesses demand charges of robbery and attempted murder. Two more nrc backs in the nrens of health, education, and welfare. The expected to be heard before the prosecution rests its case. rights plans for the offensive were announced by the Reverend Witnesses who have testified have been caught inn number 16 What a socialist would Jesse Jnckson of Operation PUSH (People United to Save of lies. say in Congress Humanity), and the Reverend Ralph David Abernathy of Police witnesses have denied beating Brown after he was 17 Community-control slate the Southern Christian Leadership Conference ( SCLC). shot. They claim he was roughed up by n crowd that "We plan to put this movement back Into the streets where in Dist. 1 gathered following the shooting. One cop couldn't remem­ it belongs," announced Abernathy nt n March 9-10 meet­ 18 N.Y. Dems hide behind ber how he had Injured his own right nrm and forearm ing in Chicago. that night. 'law & order' cry In· n telephone interview March 14 the Reverend Willie William Kunstler, Brown's attorney, hnu nccused the 19 Seattle socialist hits Barrows of Operntion PUSH in Chicago explained that pollee of fnbrlcntlng the charges, and has stated they Nixon's media curbs the activities being organized around the country would used n New York magazine article by former Deputy 21 . Militant, Young Socialist include town meetings, lobbying, hearings; and church Pollee Commissioner Robert Onley to "destroy" his ellen . services, as well s marches and rallies. ~ales campaigns Onley has been ordered to nppenr in cour~. where the As of this writing the plans for the April 4 ·actions in defense is expected to call him ns n hostile witness. 24 Chicano runs in New York, Chicago, Atlanta, and other cities, have not Chicago's 7th C. D. · yet been a nnounced. BLACK. ACTIVIST CONVICTED OF AT'l'EMPTED Participating in the planned actions along with the SCLC MURDER: On March 7 Black Panther Richard "Dhorubn" 6 In Our Opinion and Operation PUSH nrc the National Welfare Rights Or­ Moore was convicted of attempted murder in the May Letters gani;mtion and 11 variety of local religious, civic, and 1971 shooting of two policemen. This was the third trial civil ' rights groups. The Congressional Black Caucus, 7 National Picket Line for Moore. His first trial ended in n hung jury, and the which has also urged opposition to the budget cuts, hqsted second was declared n mis!tt'fal for technical reasons. La Rozo en Accion n March 12 meeting to help organize against them. Testimony during the trial proved the chief prosecu­ 8 Great Society tion witness had originally told pollee Moore had not Women in Revolt been Involved In the shooting. Nonetheless, the nll-mnle By Any Means Necessary jury of two Blacks and 10 whites took only 45 minutes 20 In Review to return Its verdict. Moore, who faces life Imprisonment, angrily told Su­ preme Court Justice Joseph Martinis, "You did everything WORLD OUTLOOK in your power to d <:,ny me n fnlr trial." ~ointing to the 1 Canadian Indians jury he continued, "I did not want those men but you mobilize gave them to me . . .. Those 12 men convicted me of 2 Corruption & repression crimes I did not commit.' in Bangladesh Moore wns arrested for the shooting shortly after he 4 Eritrean liberation and twelve other. Black Panthers had been acquitted of conspiring to blow up department stores and pollee sta­ struggle tions. During his latest trial the prosecution repeatedly linked him to suspects In the supposed "Black Liberation Reverend Jesse Jackson Reverend Rolph Abernot~y Army conspiracy" to gun down policemen. Judge Martinis refused to postpone the trial, despite the pr'cjudlclnl pub­ llcitj". Fifteen months ago Jesse Jackson and his supporters left SCLC, which had been founded by Martin Luther 'EUGENE V. DEBS Sl'EAKS': This collection of speeches King. Speaking In Chicago, Abernathy Insisted that "we and articles by the great pioneer of American socialism were never bitter. We have worked together before, and we Is reviewed In the J nn. 27 Issue· of Labor, n national will continue to work together. And when this Is over, paper published by 14 transportation unions. While ad­ Richard MIJhous Nixon will be sorry we ever did." mitting lhnt the book reproduces speeches of Debs rang­ ing from the 1890s to U1e 1920s, U1e union reviewer com­ THE MILITANT STUDENTS STRIKE OVER FIRING OF PROFESSORS: plains that "the book Is selective. It picks out many of VLUME 37/NUMBER 11 More than 200 students nt Patterson College In New Jersey tlH!. more radical talks and writings qf Debs during his MARCH 23, 1973 met March 13 to finalize plans for a student strike sched­ years of socinllst leadership, but relatively few from the CLOSING NEWS DATE-MARCH 14, 1973 uled to begin March 19. The strike, Initiated by the All­ period when he was un active trade unionist" College Student Committee on Tenure and Retention, was Editor: MARY-ALICE WAIERS called in response to the arbitrary firing or denial bf tenure Bu• l ~eu Monogor: SHARON CABANISS If you subscribe to -The Militant and plan to move Southwe•t Bureau: HARRY RING to 61 teachers nt the c'ollege. . The students nrc demanding student-faculty control of soon, '.don't forget that the post office does not for~ Publhhcd woolly by lhe Mil itant Publl•hlng Au"n., hiring, firing, and evaluation of teachers, as well ns in­ word newspapers. Send your old address label I~ Chorlu Lane, New Yorl, N . Y. 1001~ . Phone: Ed· creased recruitment of Black i1nd Latino faculty, no cu.ts and your . new oddres.s into The Militant business ltorial Ofllcc 12121 243-6392; Builncu Ollicc 12121 929.3486. Southwoil Bur e au: 11071 / 2 N. Wcitcrn in financial aid, and nn end to the reorganization plan office of least two weeks before you move to ensure Ave., lo• Angel••. Calif. 90029. Phone: 1213 ) 463· that would end "student-faculty voice In running college that you will Rot miss any issues. 1917. departments. Corre•pondence concerning •vhHripllor" or change• The American Federation of Teachers local at Patter­ of addreu >hould be addrcucd to lhe Mili tant Bu> l· son College is supporting the strike and hns pledged not The reality is that Debs participated in his most famous ncu Ofllce, 14 Charlo> lana, New Yorl, N. Y. . l 0014. Secand.cfm> po>taoe paid a t New Yarl, N . Y. Sub­ to cross the picket lines. labor activity after he was n socialist, not before. "In any >t lc , \5 a year; lo rulgn, \B. By lir>l · event," concludes ·the reviewer, "fans of Gene Debs wiJI clau mail: damc •lic and Caoado, \25; all othe r coun· MAGEE TESTIFIES AS DEFENSE ENDS ITS CASE. find fns<;inntion in many of the texts repro uced In the troe>, \41 . Air printed molter: dome>llc and Canada, "I took my freedom because there wns no other recourse," book." \32; latin America and Europe, \40; Africa, Au>lralia, Ruchell Magee testified ns the · defense brought Its case Eugene V. Debs Speaks is nvnllnble from Pnthflnder A> la loncludlno USSR/, \50. Wolle lor >ealod a ir po>­ roge roto1. to nn end March 12. Michael Schreiber reports f~om Sun Press, 410 West St., New York, N.Y. 10014. $6.95 cloth, S ~ gned orr iclo1o by co ntrJUuro" do not neccuadly Francisco that Magee snld he joined the Aug. 7, 1970, $2.95 paper. -DAVE FRANKEL repr cnenl Tho Militant'• vi ew•. Th ole or e o•prcued tn eddofl oh. French election results ·• Gaullists hold on .despite losses. Peron•s~ By TONY THOMAS OOParis ter the "official" close of television cam- Strnsbourg, 3.36 In the ftrst or Po- Peronlst movement, organized In the ln the March 12 New York Times, pnlgnlng, Gnullist lender and French tiers, 3.28 In the second or Tours, Frente Justlclnllsta de Llberncl6n reported ~at In 483 districts the President Georges Pompldou an- 2.8 In the second or Lyon, 2.6 In (F REJ UL I- Liberation Front for Social nounced on television that French the second or Toulouse and In the Justice], scored a notable victory In voters had a "simple choice of Marx- ftrat of Montpelller, etc... yesterday's elections. With some let Communism" or freedom. 10,000 precincts out of 54,529 still Jonathan Randal In the March 12 to be accounted for, the vote for Hec­ Washington Post reported that "crucial tor Cdmporn, the Pcronlst candidate to the leftist union's defeat were the for president, now stands at 6,235,528. roughly 3 million voters who backed This compares with 2, 718,023 for the centrists In the ftrst round, then Ricardo Balbln, the candidate of the swung behind the pro-government Union Clvlca Radical ( UCR- Radi­ parties today after many or their own cal Civic Union], who was favored candidates were withdrawn." by the Lanusse military dictatorship. One or .the most heartening develop­ The vote for Juan Carlos Coral and ments or the French elections was the Nora Clnpponl, the presldenthil and strength'ened showing by the "far-left" vice-presidential candidates of the Pnr- Francois MIHorrand candidates of the Communist League . lido Soclallstn de los Trabajadores (French section of the Fourth Inter­ (PST- Socialist Workers Party], has national) and the Workers Struggle been listed as 95,598. 'Both Coral and Union of ·lhe Left captured 178 scats ( Lutte Ouvrlere) organization. Georges Pompldou Clnpponl protested trregulnrltlea In the to 271 for the Gnulllst-led coalition. Henri Weber, reporting In the March election, such as absence of PST bal­ The Gnulllst majority thus retained 9 issue of Rouge, the Comm unlst lots In key worklng-dass districts. con.trol 'of the Frencp National As- League's weekly, reported on the 261- "The cnndlqntcs of 'Workers Strug­ The voting was running unusually sembly and has the necessary votes distrlct first round campaign of the gle' received 4 percent of the votes heavy even for Argentina, where It Is to elect a premier and a cabinet. two groups: Ln Chartres, 4.17 at Issoudun, 3.6 compulsory to vote. The casting of Lewis reported that the CP received "Despite ... unfavorable condi- at Rochefort, 2.92 at ThlonvUic, 3 blank ballots -In contrast to most 73 seats, .while the SP and the Left tions, more than 300,000 workers percent at Dounl and at Henln-LIC­ elections since 1955, when Per6n wns Radicals received a combined total have answered •the call o( the League tnrd, 4 at Thlers, 3.3 at Meaux and toppled-was very low, standing as or 105 seats . .A liberal-capitalist "cen­ and LO (Workers Struggle]: 'On the at Monterenu, 2. 18 at Orly, etc ...." or now at only 118,000 for the coun­ trist" coalition led by Jenn-J.acqucs Ser­ ftrst round, show yo'ur opposition to According to Weber, a large section try as a whole. At this writing It ap­ vnn-Schrelber and Jean Lccnnuet re­ the regime, your defiance to the Union of the votes for the Communist League pears doubtful that a secodd round ceived 28 seats In the assembly. Three of the Left, your deterr~ilnntlon to and Workers Struggle came from wlll be held for the presidential elec­ seats were won by the left soclnl-dem- solve the question of power by meth- working-class districts. tions, since the Peronlst vo'le Is now 48.7 percent and likely to go above 50 percent when the final returns nrc ln. A second round would almost cer­ tainly end with ihe Peronlsts holding Picket lines su~~rt ~litical P-risoner,s a two-thirds majority or more. The military regime dlsplnyea glum­ ness over the outcome of the elections. Repression in Argentina denounced Even though It had been expected thnt the Pcronlsts would take the lead over NEW YORK, March 10-Protesters New Yo k demonstrators picketed endorsed the action. other formations, the size of the lend confronted Argentine Consul General In front of Aerollncns Argentinas and Protests also took plnce In 11 other seems to have astonished the military. Rafael Vasquez here March 8 to ex­ then marched to the Argentine consu­ cities. Demonstrators picketed the Ar­ In the far left there Is considerable press thel.r opposition to the military late. There a delegation met with gentine embassy In Washington, D. C., spcouln.tlon over the possible reaction repression of dissidents In his coun­ Vasquez. March 8, after presenting a statement In Argentina's ruling circles. The most try. The meeting with Vasquez was "Argentina compares with the best of protest o a representative of the likely alternatives are either another part of n series or protests around the countries In the world," he Insisted, Argentine ambassador. military coup d'etat to prevent the country In support of frecdpm for Ar­ In response to questions about the A Philadelphia plc~ct line outside Peronlsts from taking office, or an gentine political prisoners. The U.S. lack of democratic rights In Argen­ the IBM offices Mnrch 8 denounced attempt to divert the masses through Committee for .Justice to Latin Ameri­ tina. He refused to confirm or deny U.S. complicity with the military dic­ an Argentine version of the Allende can Political Prisoners ( USLA) Ini­ evidence presented him on the ab'duc­ tatorship. IBM has large holdings In ploy In Chile. tiated the actions, which coincide with tion of Angel Brnndnzzn, a Pcronlst • Argentina. If government power, Is turned over the Argentine general elections. student and opponent or the Lnnusse Other March 8 actions Included pic­ to the Peronlst command, the masses regime, or to comment on the case ket lines at the federal buildings In will certainly expect substantial con­ or Norma MorelJo, a teacher and or­ Detroit ·and Atlanta, at the federal cessions. Ln view of Argentina's rickety ganizer of Catholic Action, who was court ho~se In Denver, and In Bos­ capitalist structure, concessions on the arrested, held for Clvc months, and ton, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, scale rcqutrcd nrc excluded. The con­ tortured. nnd San Francisco. sequences would b'e sharp rise In mass The delegation -that confronted Vas­ On March 9, USLA supporters and discontent and the erosion of the popu­ quez. Included Father Adrian, a repre­ the Militant Labor. Forum hi Minne­ larity of Peronlsm, making It stlll sentative of the Committee for the De­ apolis held n protest meeting on the more difficult to maintain cnpltallst fense of the Democratic Rights of the repression In Argentina. rule. Haitian People; Jose Peguero from the Portland US LA activists picketed the IJ, on the other hand, the military Revolutionary Student Union, a Do­ World Trade Building March 10. should attempt a new coup In the com­ minican group; Frank Grlnnon and In another Important development, Ing weeks, this could prove to be even Selva Ncbbfn from USLA; and Nor­ former Maryknoll nun Mary Elizabeth more dangerous. ~he brutal frustra­ man Oliver, Socialist W orkcrs Party Harding hns agreed to go on n na­ tion of expectations aroused by the candidate f()r mayor of New York. tional speaking tour for USLA from Peronist victory In the elections could Other organizations sending repre­ AP,ril 6 to mid-May, touch off demonstrations of extraordi­ sentatives to the picket line Included Harding was arrested and tortured nary fury on a nationwide scale. the Conllclon de Lntlnonmcrlcanos y by the Danzer regime In Bolivia last The top generals are to meet In n Amlgos de Lntinonmericn (Coalition December, based on accusations that few days to weigh the political sit­ of Lnt1n Americans and Friends of she had connections with a "subver­ uation In the aftermath of the elec­ Latin America); Juventud Peronlstn sive" organization. She won release tions. No doubt they wUI all agree (Peronlst Youth), U.S. branch; Young nnd was deported to the U. S. only that a stormy period lies ahead for Socialist Alliance; Young Workers after International protest. Argentine capitalism. They may find Liberation. League; Comlte pro Harding will speak on the situation It more difficult to reach agreement Defensa de Los Derechos Humanos In Bolivia and the U. S. government's on what to rio nbout it. en Ia Republica Domlnlcana (Com­ complicity with Danzer's repression . mittee for the Defense of Human For more Information, contact USLA, . ·- ..:._ _· Mililani/Bill Hutton' Rights In the Dominican Republic); 150 Fifth Ave., Room 737, New York, Pickets protest Argentino repression In' Youth Against War and Fascism; and N.Y. 10011. Telephone: (212) 691- front of IBM building In Philadelphia. others. More than 30 group• In all 2880.

THE MIUTANJ/MAICH 23, 1973 3 Gov't siege con~inues $278 a war is NOT enou. By SKIP BALL While nt this .vrltlng district meet- · PINE RIDGE RESERVATION, s. D.. lngs had not Jccn called to ratify 0 I I t Murch . 14-M-16-totlng FBI agents the decision, L petition to revoke tho s·IOUX t•IQ ngnin block the roads to Wounded tribal constitution hnd already gained g a ·a ' ~{n~~~l ~ncdfi:~:o:;!u~~~~~::lc~~r;~c;l~ :e~~c ~~=t~l!d30~;1g;~:~l~~s ~:~tl~~~ electricity, and telephone service have before the March 11 declaration. By SKIP BALL Dlstr:lct meeting nnd observed how been cut off in the latest government In sharp contrast, the remaining WOUNDED KNEE, S.lJ., March they nrc run. The meetings nrc called by the district chairperson nnd nrc attcmJ>Is to starve out the occupants mcm b crs o f the govcrnmcnt-rccog- 14- To most non- Indians, the name open to nil In the district. The one of this blizzard-besieged village. · nlzcd tribal council met March 13 of Wounded Knee first became famous In the nineteenth century it took the under federal guard in the expensive, on the cover of n paperback best we attended was conducted In the na­ government n few nths or years brick B lA (Bureau_ of Indian Affairs) seller. They assume Wounded Knee tive language, Dakota. Following n to violate Its pence treaties with In- building here In Pine Ridge. They de- was chosen for Ita second role In hls- motlvntlon from Severt :Young Bear, dlnns. But it took just one day to mnndcd "nil non-Oglala, Including the tory for this reason. the 38-yenr-old district chairman, the violate its Murch 10 agreement to Nntlonul Council of Churches," leave To Indians, especially those on the floor was q{cn for discussion and withdraw its guns, agents, and road- the Wounded Knee nrcn. The declura- Pine Ridge Reservation, where Wound- presentation of m otlons. Votes were blocks from around Wounded Knee. lion, made shortly after the FB 1 road- cd Knee Is located, Wounded Knee Is taken on nll resolutions. On March 11, the FBI opened fire blocks and federal marshals were much more. It is the site of the last The meeting passed n resolution to1 clrculnte n petition calling for the on nn Indian security vun. In the en- moved back into position and 11 bus- battle between Indians and the U. S. suing gunfire one of the agents was load of fresh FBI agents was un- cavalry, the site of n brutal massacre, revocation or' the tribal constitution. wounded. Earlier the same day, four loaded In Pine Ridge, made no nnd the bcglnnh.;g of the process of It nlso adopted motions of support for men armed with 38-cnllbcr pistols. mention of ilicse non-Oglala. cllmlnnllng Indians by "domestication Wounded Knee, the Oglala Sioux Civil and fingerprinting equipment were and nss1mllntlon" Instead of by Rights Organization (OSCRO) and captured In Wounded Knee, and were Besides finally getting Its flunkies slaughter. .AIM. disarmed and released. Although they in the tribe to officially condemn the In fuel, the fedcrnllnws that followed An old man, Wllllnm · High Hawk, claimed to be "postal Inspectors," AIM Wounded Knc~ action, the-government the last cavalry massacre, and their spoke for 45 minutes in defense or the (American Indian Movement) lender has opened up n p'ropngnndn bn.rrngc Dennis Bunks said, "They sure ns hell ngnlnst ll}c militants, mostlY Oglala· weren't here defending mall boxes." Sioux, in Wounded Knee. The nlm Is The district chairmen representing to create nn atmosphere thnf would six of the reservation's eight districts justify n government Lnv~sion. met in n tepee in Wounded Knee Senator George McGovern has lent ~lurch 11. Arter n four-hour meeting himself to this cff~rt. Rndlo news here they announced: 1) their withdrawn! reports that ~cGovern hns urged the from "n government-controlled body government to go In nnd arrest AIM -the tribal government system; 2) lenders for "flngrunl violation of the the wlthdrnwnl of the Oglnln Sioux lnw," from the 1934 Indian Reorganization 1ndln·n lenders suy they will refuse Act, which established the current to l~y down their nrms. They do not tribal govc ri11ncnt sysl!!m; nnd 3) de- b'cllcvc the promises nnd good intcn- clurntion of nntlonnl sovereignty for lions of McGovern nnd government the Oglnln Sioux nation. spokesmen. They appointed - nmbnssndors to "We remember whnt happened to Big seck recognition "first from the s ix Foot In 1890," Russel Means snld, independent nations of the Iroquois "und we nrc not going lb let it happen Confederacy nnd then from the United to us." Nations." They snld they hoped Federal troops massacred Big Foot similar dcclnrutlons · on other rcscrva- nnd 200 Indian men, women, nnd ·ffons and eventually one united lndlnn children In Wounded Knee in 1890 nnllon would come out of this. after they lnld dQwn their nrms. Indian woman In Pine Rldgo, 5. D., ;uppartlng tho Wounded Kn~o demands.

role In eroding the remaining Indian actions nt Wounded Knee: He vowed Many solidarity actions sovereignly nrc ·what the Indians nt that If the federal mnrshnls moved Wounded Knee nrc fightln~ today. on Wounded Knee, the old people MARCI-l 14- Demonstrations nnd In downtown Detroit Murch 8 in sup­ And their struggle did not slart with would dress In trndltionnl costume picket lines ' were held In support of· . port of the Indians nt Wounded Knee. the' publication of Dec Brown's book nnd march to the federal lines in pro- Indian rights nnd in opposition to The demonstration wns called by thl' Bury My Heart at Knee. n government Invas ion of Wounded American Indian Movement (AIM). Wo~nded test. Knee. The following Is n pnr tlnl re­ In Los Angeles, n picket line nnd All you have to do to find this out Young Bcnr told us the meeting, port or these actions. vlgll nt the Fcdcrnl Building hns been Is talk to the people on the reservation. attended by' 50 people, was rcprescntn­ In Boston Murch 8 n demonstration continuing for sever'nl days. Members Aaron DeScrsn, nn ·American Indian tlvc, nnd he felt confident In Its vote. nt the Federal Building 1n the after­ of AIM orgnnlzl!d the action nnd nrc Movement (AIM) communications di­ Wilson charges that these district meet­ noon drew 75 people. Luter that eve­ cnm'plng out on the steps of the build­ rector (nnd n local AIM lender) pub­ ings nrc too small to be rcprcscntntlvc. ning n rally nt the Indian Center In ing. During the d'uy, the crowd of lishes the Pine Hldgc weekly The Shan­ But Young Bcnr pointed out that he downtown Boston drew 500 people. supporters swells to us many us 300 non Gormly News. A militant nd­ "cnn cull. us district chnlrmnn, n refer­ On Mnrch 9, 300 people attended nnd Includes mnny Blnc'ks, Chicanos, vocnte of change on the reservation, endum vote on nny resolution If some­ n noon rally on the University of nnd Aslnn-Amcrlcnns. DeScrsn wns involved in n political one is upset and does not think It wns Cnllfornln nt Berkeley campus. The Seventy-five people turned out for struggle with the lust tribal chnlrmnn, passed by n rcprcsentntlvc volf,J." ut· Young Socialist Alliance nnd Native n rally Murch 9 nt the University Gerald One Feather. no one .h ns ·challenged the votes of American Student Association (NASA) of Pcnnsylvnnln In Phllndelphln on DcSersn says his house wns flre­ the districts that voted to oust Wilson. cosponsored the rally. Speakers In­ just 24 hours' notice. Included among bo!Jlbcd by Richard "Dickey" Wilson, What emerges from the rnnk nnd rue and their lenders Is n desire to cluded Hoxunnc .Jackson of NASA, the speakers were people from AIM, the current tribal chnlrmnn. Wilson's change not just Individuals but the who hnd just returned from Wounded Vietnam Veterans Agnlnsf the Wnr, removal Is one of the demands be­ system. The petition circulating now, Knee; Adam Nnrdwcll, nn organizer United Fnr111 Wor crs, nnd Young hind the current struggle at Wounded which In two days wns signed by of the Alcntrnz l!jlnnd occ\Jpntlon In Socialist Alliance. Knee. more than 1,300 people, culls for rc­ 1971; nnd Ken Millner, Socialist Several actions hnve occurred in "The Issue with One Fcnthcr," Dc- pcnllng the entire tribal constitution . Workers cnndldnte for Berkeley city .C lcvelnnd. Pickel lines were held Scrsn snld, "wns polltlcnl. We · They hnve tried to work through the council. Stntcmcnts of support were M nrch 9 nt Cnsc Western Reserve Uni­ disagreed with his policies- specifi­ council, through votes in their dJstrict, rend from the Bobby Scnlc for Oak­ vers ity und Cleveland State Unlver­ cally putting the trlbnl lands In mort­ through dcmonstrnllons nt the. BIA land mnyor cnmpulgn nnd other cun­ ~ lty. Also 1\IM held n march In down­ gage nnd having whlte. dlrectors or building, nnd even by trying to set dldntcs for office In the East Buy nreu. town Clcvclnnd Mnrch 7. A meeting government programs. But wlt.h Wil­ up n different kind or tribal govern- A rally culled by the University of of .soo nt Kent Stale heard several son It is n mutter of corruption, his Texas nt Austin student government, lenders of 1\ IM. policies, nnd his dlctntorlnl rule." the YSA, the. lrnnlnn Students Asso­ A rally of 150 wns held ntthc Uni­ Six of the eight reservation districts ciation, and other groups drew 150 versity of Washington nt Scuttle. held d !strict meetings nnd voted to people Murch 12. The rally sent n demand Wilson's impeachment. The protest telegram to the .Justice Depart­ Severn! s olldnrlty actions hnve been council members flouted their wishes. ment demanding nn end to Interference held In New York City, Including n Mildred Gnlllgo is one of the women by the .Justice· Department nnd the Bu­ demonstration Murch 8 of 150. who demonstrated recently ngnlnst reau of Indian Affairs Into the lives I} campus dcmonstrntlon wns held ,Wilson In front of the Bureau of In­ of Native Americans. In Lexington, l

4 h to live on tlng poverty & racist oppression several hundred owners, and all must u simple meeting hull In which the agree tf they want to luke buck their dlatrlct people had bullt an office. He land . . Thla lund Ia leased for all little said that when he went to school, as $1 per acre per year. the "Indian language, dancing, and Should an Indian decide to sell lund, ·singing were outlawed on the reserva- the B lA wlll process the sale the same tion." day lf the land Is .being sold to The people from that period, he said a while, but wiJI hold up the process "ure the biggest drunkards around. for six weeks lf un Indian Is buying Without their culture and their Identity, the land. Most Indians sell because all they can do Is drink. My grand­ they need money Immediately. So they mother sent me orr the reservation sell to whiles. to learn the language, to learn to Onc-flfth of the original reservation sing and to dance." Indians gather for meeting at Wounded Knee trading post. Mililani/Skip Boll has been lost this way. At Wounded Knee today, the Once off their land, most Indians language, singing (what the capitalist men!- the Inter Dlatrlct Co{mcll to act," one Indian told The Militant. nrc forced to live on welfare. Young press culls "frenzied shouts and chants" ( IDC). The IDC Is made up of dis­ U.S. laws work to luke lund, move Bear estimates there are only 900 jobs because they don't understand Dakota lunguuge), and dancing nrc part of trict chnlrpcoplc, who are closest to In~luns off, and move In whites. on the reservation, almost all govern­ the people and are the only elected .Under the Reallotment Act of 1948, ment jobo. And even the Wilson ad­ the struggle. Young people are · officials. They are directly answerable all lands· on Indian reservations were ministration admitted that unemploy­ reviving the culture, Young Bear said. to the people through the district meet­ divided. Into 640-ucre units. Any given ment reaches 70 percent. And young people are, by u 1969 ings. unit may have been owned by many "Even In the IDC," Young Bear said, ' Indians, who then had to agree, under "we just passed resolutions and got the law, on any· development of the nothing done. That's why I called n lund or lease their lund through the district meeting after the Impeachment BIA. attempt Called and said I was going U n group of Indians wants to work to fight buck." I sal~ I was going to their lands as a coopcrutlvc, no loans work with the ClvU Rights Organiza­ nrc uvullablc for economic develop­ tion, uhd If needed, support calling ment. Using the excuse that Indians In the American Indian Movement so nrc Its "trustees," and therefore ln­ we could get rid of this trlbnl council cllglblc for such funds, the government nnd get a government controlled by ,will not allow benefits from programs the people. And the people said go such us the soil bunk to go to the ahead." Indians. Thus, almost all Indian lund The struggle Is not just ngnlnst WU­ Is leased to whiles. son. He merely personifies the graft White ranchers, who nrc not trustees and exploitation the B IA _system not of the government, nrc eligible for only allows but fosters. federal grunts. The lrlhul government system was To further lessen the chance of In­ "I had one man come to me," Young survey, 69 percent of the reservation. set up by u U.S. law In 1934. The dians' rcclulrnlng their lund, the gov­ Bear said, "who can't speak and Is "The government says 'self-deter­ B lA controls the tribal government, ernment also has u provlalon going hurd of hearing, and asked for u mination' out of the corner of Its nnd federal laws control what goes buck to 1904 whereby the ulrcudy job us u janitor or cutting bushes mouth," Aaron DcSersa said, "but they on In the reservation. tiny plots of Indian lund are further and keeping the community center can't put It Into practice b~cuuse IJ "Sec, eyen lf the councll were all divided by giving equal shares to all cured for. I took him to the BIA, any Ihdlun tribe got sclf-dctcr­ good guys, they would be powerless eligible heirs. Thus some "units" have and they said, 'This man's been In mlnntlon, they would be out of here five limes and we can't help him.' u job and they wouldn't be nccclcd I asked why, and they said, 'He gets here anymore." $278 a year from his lund, and he can live on that.'" It Is precisely the chiselers, the BIA Young Bear himself hns u gov­ agents, their puld-off flunkies In tribal ernment job as u social service coor­ councUs, and other parasites on the dinator and makes $117 every two reservation who th e Indians ut weeks - u well-paying job on the Wounded Knee nrc attempting to put rescrv utlon. out .:>f work. And It Is u struggle for I• ood, however, Is no cheaper, and self-determination that the government In some cases Is more ex pensive, than bus tried so hard to crush. In the surrounding urea. The "outsiders" work for the gov­ Young Bear spoke to Th e Militant ernment. The struggle at Wounded Federal marshals block roods to Wounded Knee. 'We'll starve them out,' they soy. In the Porcupine Community Ce nter, Knee grew up here. VSA urges wounded Knee support actions The following statement Is by An­ The Indians sometimes receive us g unce this reveals, coming as it have already been held in cities drew Pulley, national secretary of little as $1 nn ncre in rent for their does from the descendants of the across the country supporting the the Young Socialist Alliance. Pulley lnnd. Needless to sny, this doesn't Europeans who buill their country Indian struggle. So fur the hand visited the Pine Ridge Ueservatlon mnke a decent livelihood possible. on the groves of mlllions of native of those preparing another mas­ from March 9-12. Most· Indians arc thus forced to Americans who died utthelr hands. sucre has been stayed. live on welfare. And at year-end, The "outsiders" nt Wounded Knee We must continue to oppose nil The decision to occupy Wounded when the lease-money is paid, the uri! the federal marshals and the repressive moves by the govern­ Knee and to request support from government even deducts from the FBI agents who have surrounded ment. Demonstrate In defense of the AIM was made by Uie Oglala Sioux welfare checks the amount of ent Wounded Knee, armed with M-16s Oglulu Sioux nt Wounded Kne~>! Clvll Rights Organtzutlon at u meet­ received. and armored vehicles. Let's demand of the gpveq1men ~ ing of 900 people. This decision In addition to this economic ex ­ Hands OffWounded K l)ce! Is a part of the .struggle against ploitation, the Indians nrc con­ These governme.nt agents have the Inhuman conditions faced by fronted with pollee brutality and repeatedly threatened to go in and the Inhabitants of the Pine Ridge the utter corruption of the tribal slaughter the occupants Lf they don't Reservation. government. These conditions led ab andon thelr demund,s. The dan­ During my recent visit to Pine to the formation or the Oglulu Sioux ger of bloodshed at the hands or Ridge and Wounded Knee, I was Civil Rights Organization. the federal agents Ia very real. We able to see ut firsthand themlaeruble The Oglala Sioux are fighting for know that this government has no plight of the Oglala Sioux. Out of the right to ~etermlne their own qualms about gunning down those .u population of some 13,000, only destiny. They nrc struggllng for con­ who stand up and resist Its op­ 900 people nrc employed, utmost trol of the Pine Ridge Reservation. pression. We . saw It at Attica, ut all by the government Itself. The capltnllat pollticluns In Wash­ My Lui, ut Kent and Jackson State, In theory, the lund of Pine Ridge lngton and the cupltallst press have and at Wounded Knee Itself In Ia owned by the Indians. But, In gone to great lengths to portray 1890. fact, the Indians are compelled to this action us Inspired by "outside . The eyes of oppressed people lease their lund to white ranchers agitators." throughout this country, and around because the government won't give By what right do they label the the world, have been focused on agricultural grunts to Indians. Indiana as "outsiders!" What urro- Wounded Knee.. Demonstrations

THE MILITANT/MARCH 23, 1973 5 In Our Letters

Unsuppressed . Fills a big gap Thieu's U.S. visit I read Steve Beck's fine article Loglcall a prison library should Supporters of self-determination for Vietnam should greet ("Oil giants mask profit drive with possess the most updated and with enthusiasm the call to action by antiwar groups for talk of 'energy crisis'") In the March diversified selection of books, protests on the occasion of Thieu's visit to the U.S. (see p.ll) 2 Militant. You have an unsup­ magazines, and newspapers. Instead Nixon, in arranging this journey by the Saigon butcher, pressed and factual paper, one thu t we have an antiquated collection of wants to demonstrate Washington's commitment to main­ dures to print the truth. The books and other material that dates taining Thieu in office. What better way to drive this point other newspapers I get to read I buck perhaps 60 years. use for blotting bacon grease_ home than to pose for pictures in the White House? In short, The Mililani has filled I also enj<;>yed the article by Dick un important void, enabling me Thieu wlll arrive in San Clemente just u few days after the RobertB on thet multinatlonal to stuy abreast of national and final deadline for the release of POWs and the exit of U.S. corpor.atlons' control of the world world events, untampercd uml un­ soldiers from South Vietnam. The reasoning behind the timing money market. packaged. Also it has made me fully is s imple. Nixon hopes to. declare that he has "ended" U. S. B. H. recognize that the Afro-American involvement in a war he never wanted, and has succeeded Iowa City, Iowa episode or phase in the world libera­ in saving "democracy" in Southeast Asia. tion struggle. But the news from South Vietnam in the past few weeks is A priso11 er undermining the illusion that the cease-fire accord would lead New York to real peace and an end to U.S. intervention. A month after New reader the cease-fire was signed, the bloodshed continues. In the I have been getting The Militant words of a Washington Post reporter, "If anything the South for u few months and urn enjoying Vietnamese government has become more restrictive since it more und more. It is interesting Black September the agreement took effect, rather than less." to me to sec some people on the Really, you ure too much. As u sub· There have been repeated efforts by Washington to place left in this country who nrc not scribcr to The Militant and a constant defender against your critics who the blame on "the enemy" for violating the accords. Anthony fooled by the two-purty system. cull you anti-Semitic I could hardly Lewis in the March 5 New Yo ~k 1'imes summed up the evi­ P.A Hawtlwme, Call! walt to get today's Issue (Murch 16) dence of most observers: "Most of the fighting since the truce to sec your headline on the Khar­ deadline has been started by the Saigon forces, attacking the toum killings (as you headlined the other side wherever it is found." Israeli jetliner tragedy on page 1 UJC There can be no peace until the U. S. gets totally out of previous week). Southeast Asia. The antiwar movement must continue to de­ Contraception So what do I sec- on page 9, n mand an end t9 U.S. support to the Thieu regime, and the I feel T11e Militant Is concentl'ating diatribe against Israel und one line, immediate halt to U. S. intervention in all of So theast Asia. on U1c abortion issue and not "Their tactics ... could not have Let's greet Nixdn and Thicu with this message. giving enough emphasis to free been more wrong," mlidly censuring a nd readily uvuilablc contracep­ the lllnck September k ii!Jngs. tives for men and women. This Can't you get it into your heads U1at should be u demand of equal terrorism is terrorism, killing is kil­ weight. ling, no matter who docs it? 1: c. I U1ink you nrc not so much anti­ Albany, N. Y. Israel as you nrc blindly, childishly Hard line on wages? pro-Arab. Arc Ulcrc no bud Arabs in your books'? I condemn all acts of As the position of the inflated dollar in the international terrorism and killings, no matter monetary situation continues to worsen, sections of the Ameri­ Objective how right the cause. I also condemn can capitalist class are calling for even more stringent con­ slanted news- in u paper U1nt spends During my one-ycur stay in the trols on wages. The March 10 Business Week ran an edi­ most of Its time criticizing oU1crs. United States ( 1971-1972) I became torial entitled "Phase I I I controls: Too vagu,c, too narrow, I agree wiU1 90 percent of your acquainted with your ·socialist too weak." It declared, "the Administration must make it clear criticisms. They nrc needed, they .nrc newsweekly. Now !hut urn back ·r right: But you nrc beginning to emu­ that there is nothing 'voluntary' about the new rules," and in Finland I would like to continue lute those you criticize by being warned of the coming "showdown with labor over wage in­ rending 11w Militant becuusc I blind und in flex iblc. creases." The New York li'mes editors called on March 13 um really enthusiastic ubout Gloria Bamberger for "a much tougher incomes policy." the American socialist movement. New York, N. Y. All of them mention price controls as well a s wage controls ln my view your paper offers for window dressing. But it has been proved since Nixon's better and more objective Informa­ wage controls were enacted a year and a half ago that real tion about the current issues of controls arc only placed on wages. Employers gladly enforce American labor than the big-money­ supported American magazines. CP election strategy the wage controls, but the government does not control prices. R. R As Larry &iglc's ·a rticle in UJC Feb. For the past two months food prices, for example, have risen Helsinki, Finland 16 Militant ("Gus Hull: Communist at an annual rntc of 23 percent. Party.election strat'.!gy wrong for The ca pitalists arc especially worried because this year U1irty years") points out, U1c CP will see wage negotiations covering five million workers in is going to experience some very such key industries as rubber, auto, and electrical manu­ South Africa stiff opposition wiU1in its ranks ns facturing. I read Baxter Smith's article "Our ~ it implcn1cnts the latest political An all-out struggle by working people is required to de­ mun in SouU1 Africa" ( 111e M.ilitant, shift. fend their standard of living against Nixon's wage controls Murch 9) with interest. As oiic It is in this light Uw t I rei a tc and these threats to stiffen them further. The labor movement who recently published u book the following incident. In mid-October 1972, McGovern docs have the power to force an end to the controls. This on American involvement In South made a stop in Sun Diego, where potential power was illustrated during the recent Philadelphia Africa (Pallen! for Profit in Southen1 he spoke to u large rully in teachers strike when 40 of the city's labor unions called for Africa, D. C. Heath und Co.­ reviewed in U1c Murch lntemational Bulbon Park. At U1C rully were a general strike in support of the teachers. This step forced Socialist Review ), I welcome uny many suppqrtcrs of the Jcnness­ the union-busting city administration to retreat and make truthful exposure of American coop­ Pullcy campaign, selling Nixon some concessions to the striking teachers. eration with U1c apartheid regime. and McGovern truth kits, other Working people should not have to suffer to enable U.S. in U1is spirit I wish to offer some SWP campaign material, and capitalists to make greater profits in competition with cap­ fraternal criticism. 11w Militant_ italists of other countries. The only answer to inflation that Smith gives the impression that Also present were several members will protect the living standards of the majority of people the total white population joins of U1C Young Workers Liberation in this country- not,.just the profi4s of the wealthy few- is in the duily oppression of South League, the youU1 organization in pollticul solidarity with the for workers to demand cost-of-living escalator clauses in all Africa's Blacks. I don't hold the CP and official supporters of the contracts. The answer to the chro ·cally high unemployment musses of whites to blame. They nrc also pawns in the gumc, swayed CP's Hall-Tyner pres-Idential ticket. is shorten the work week at no 'loss in pay, to make enough and held at buy by th e government. They were easily recognized by jobs for everybody. Blacks must organize among them­ their YWLL buttons, which they To fight most effectively for these go1ds, workers need their selves and be joined by their white wore proudly ... side-by-side own poliiical party. The Democrats and Hcpublicans have brothers in a common struggle with U1cir McGovern buttons. proved themselves beho lden to th e capitalis t ruling class. to rid U1cm sclvcs of their true ·.Jcnncss-Pullcy supporters con­ oppressors. fronted several YWLLcrs on U1cir Jan Mackler appurcnUy paradoxical d!splay of N ew York, N. Y. buttons. After reflecting u moment, U1cy saw the contradiction- nnd removed U1cir YWLL buttons! Dennis Scar/a &m Diego, Callf

6 National Picket Line Frank Lovell !& . Bus drivers Whlle selling Militants in the New York Port Authority terminal I Steel elections challenged struck up a conversation with · striking bus drivers and learned National elections for top officers ln the United Steel­ fue industry. There are more Blacks and oilier mi­ the following facts, which should workers were held Feb. 13, but final results In all norities In fue mills. The workers are young. They interest your renders. They show districts wlll not be. officially announced until May 1. are dissatisfied. They want change. how stubborn some big corporations Unofficial returns for the important post of dis­ Ed · Sadlowski, himself a young man, wants to are when it comes to paying decent trict director In such key districts as 31 (Chicago­ be Steelworkers district director In Chicago. He voices wages, and how modest workers' Gary), 28 (Cleveland), and 26 (Youngstown-Warren) tile discontents of young workers. He Is now a Steel­ demands sometimes are. show surprisingly close counts, and the elections workers staff representative. 1-Je also worked 12 years About 290 out of 300 drivers for are being challenged. One of the strongest challengers as- a laborer and machinist in a steel mill and has Continental Trnllways have been is Ed Sadlowski i.n District 31. Sadlowski ran against not been away long enough to forget what fue -mills out on strike since April 1972. Sam Evett, a fixture of the union bureaucracy. The are like. Scheduled runs in the Northeast first count showed Evett with 25,081 votes, Sadlowski In his campaign literature he promised to seek have been driven by nonunion 22,257. changes in the union constitution to guarantee an drivers. For almost a year the In addition to these challenges by candidates who International executive board "that !~eludes minor­ company has refused to meet two were on the ballot and made strong showings, the ities, youfu, women and rank and fil e steelworkers." union demands. 'Orey call' for seven entire election procedur Ill being' appealed to the I-1 e declared his opposition to the no-strike clause paid holidays (now there are Labor Department by others who were denied a in the union contract. none) and a pension plan based place on the ballot. Supporters say he endorsed the antiwar move­ on 2 percent of a driver's yearly One of those denied ballot status Ill Sam Stokes, ( ment and spoke for women's rights while a union salary (total pension is now $1,200 a Black USW staffer, whose campaign for vice-pres­ staff member, uncommon for anyone on the Steel­ a year 'after 65 ). Ident was · endorsed by 418 locals. He was ruled workers pO:yroll. These demands are minimal, off the ballot by the International on U~e spurious Snd)owskl contrn_sts In almost ever y respect from especially in llght of the fact drivers claim funt his union dues were not paid during a the present District 31 director, Joe Germano, who are not asking for any increase in period of hospitalization. The real reason, Stokes's .Is retiring In .June. Germano was elected In 1'94 7 base pay, sick pay, or any reduc­ supporters charge, is the deep-seated race prejudice and is a product of the old McDonald machine. tion in hours before overtime (now of Steelworkers President I. W. .Abel and the coterie One of Abel's supporters when the split between Abel 70 hours). TI1ey are also still willing to pay for U1eir own · of top officials around him. There Ill not and never and McDonald came in 1965, Germano has always uniforms. has been a Black man on the Jnternntionnl exec­ been a mainstay of the bureaucracy, a strong-arm Joel Greenberg utive board. Stokes was given a good chn':lce to operator, never sympathetic to the needs of the mem­ N ew York, N. Y. win because of fue large number of Dlacks In the bership. union and the unpopularity of all incumbent offi­ The man picked by Germano as his successor cials, especially Abel. Stokes has flied a damage suit Is his assistant, Evett. According to Sadlowski, Evett's against USW . exper!P.nce as a steelworker Ill none; as grievance Others ruled off fue union ballot are William Litch man, none; as local union officer, none; ns .Joe Ger­ YWLl .Jr., who sought to run against Abel for president, mano's second man, 30 years. The recent physical assa ult on George Edwards for secr etary-treasurer, and Anthony Sadlowski's supporters say they did not expect Young Socialis t Allia nce member Cascone for teller. They are charg ing election Ir­ n fair election and were thwarted in many challenges Harvey McArthur by a member of regularities and have appealed to the Labor Depnri­ to keep it honest. Wh ether further appeals and chal­ the Young Workers Liberation ment for a new election. lenges will succeed depends primarily upon the grow­ League (sec The Militant, March These moves wlthla the Steelw-o rkers union are ing moods. of revolt In the steel mllls. 2) emphasizes U1c lrrntionallty .of prompted partly by tne recent success of the Miners " If they try to fire me from my union job because substituting violence for principled l'eform movement, but only in part. There is ferment I'm protesting the vote, I'll just go bnck to work dialogue as a means of contending in the ranks of the Steelworkers because of unemploy­ In the mlll," says Sadlowski. with . intermovemcnt disputes. Such ment in the ste!!l towns, speedup In the steel mills, This Is a new departure for a union functionary, an approach to revolutionary pol­ and collaboration of Abel wlfu the steel barons. and it reflects the new moods of workers in industry itics only works to weaken the pop­ In recent years drastic changes have occurred in today. ular appeal and programmatic effectiveness of U1e socialist a ltcrna· live. IV. B. Santa Barbara, Call;. i La Raza en AcciOn! - · r A._. Prison harassment Miguel We have a special housing unit here Pe~das · t'.~ for punitive segregation. This, a s nil special housing units in prisons, is to harass and intimidate progressive Proud to be a Chicana or politically minded inma tes. The The rebellions Inside' America's prisons that have In an editorial, Marla Santillanes states: " It is Ironic next step is to Clinton, where a erupted In the past few years have been a n Inspira­ thnt . with each tragedy our people endure, every maxi-maxi !special maximum m iscnrrlage of justice our people arc subjected to, security 'prison] is located. tion to those of us on the outside. and every obstacle our people are faced with, seem­ This prison is· on the Canadian I• aced with the prospect of long yea s In prison ingly out of nowhere there follows an offspring of border and since prisons nrc for petty crimes or no crimes at all, it must be a ll beneficial and valuable Ideas, and ·an lncrcuse of for U1c poor, rclutiycs and fri ends too easy to develop an ou1look of despair. But, support, both moral and physical." cannot sec what is happening to instead, we often hear of courag eous brothers and ih ~ r loved ones because of money sisters who · ar studying, org anizing, fighting for "A s humun beings, Chicanos have rights," she goes Or the distance (abo t 12 hours th eir rights, and getting out the messag e that th ey 1 on, "but as Clflcnnos, we had to fight for these rights. from New York City ). Ma rtin have not been broken in l~ capitalist dungeons. Sostre and many other comradeS For me it was particulnr.ly [:q)Jiftlng to rend n In California we have no representation In regard a rc there. We need you people out newsletter (lllbllshed by pintas t Chicana prisoners) to anything which concerns Chicanos. In the gov­ there; we need your support. Let' this at the California Institution for Women in Frontera: ernment we find very few Chica nos. gove'r~ent know you will not Titled La Voz de MARA, it is the publlcntlon of th e "We need more Chicanos to represent the large allow our systematic liquidation. Mexican-American Research Association (MARA), a Chicano population, many of whom are In prison A prisoner group formed by tile pintas. On the credit page it as a result of poor representation. Even in matters · New Yo rk states, "MARA welcomes all articles, drawings, etc., of the trial of a Chicano, how many times do, we that any of our carnnles y cnrnnlns care to send, find Chicanos on the jury. Here also they say I including constructive criticism." Is a matter of peers. Pin/as, more funn most of our people, 4tre made "Because of the mnljustice inflicted on Chica,oa, The letters column Is an open forum to feel cheap, degraded, and worthless by thls't.llclst, we have felt the necessity to form our own unl t>n, for all viewpoints on subjects of gen­ sexist system. to dedicate our lives if necessary, to gain recogni­ eral Interest to our renders. Please Yet It Is evident from rending La Voz de MARA tion, representation and rights as La Rnzn Unldn keep your letters brief. Where neces­ that these sisters have found a source of strength Party. sary they will be abridged. Please ln· that has enabled them to retain thei r human dig­ "America Is not the land of til e free, but lQ,e land dlcate if y.our name may be used or nity. It Is nationalism, a sense of pride In being of fue rich, and is controlled by those who havr if you prefer that your Initials be used Chicana, and a se~;~se of solidarit y wltll all of La the money. When people tell me I am an American, Instead. Rnzn in Its struggle for self-determ ination. I will be offended and I w!U correct them. I am The September 1972 Issue, .which I recently ob­ not an American, I do not wa~t to be an Amer­ tained, commemorated the murder of Ruben Salazar Ican. Yo soy Chicana. I am proud to be a Chi­ by Los Angeles cops at the 1970 Chicano Mora­ cana, and I fuank God I was born a Chicana." torium ln Los Angeles. Carnala, we ge~ the message.

THE . MILITANT/~CH 23, 1973 7 The Great Society ~rryRing

Keep cool- The FDA rejected as "un­ Doean't that make sex between an.l­ most positive" that lettuce banned IndJvlduaJ solutJon- For $24.50 you reasonable" a Consumers Union pro­ mala ainrul?-A bill Introduced In the from distribution for being overdosed can have another gadget In the kllch­ posal that II bar electrical toys lf the California legislature would deal with with a lethal pesticide did not make en. A platform affair with a rotating surfaces become burning hot. Instead, an alleged animal population explo­ It s way to local consumers. After the belt covered with Imitation turf. Fldo the agency decided, II will require a sion by authorizing pet food deale.rs situation was discovered, be explains, steps up and does his thing. The belt label on such toys stating, " Hot. Do to add a dash of contraceptive to their "A lot of the growers just walled a then moves forward for th flu shing not touch." And If the klddles can't products. Pet foods free of such drugs week and then took off the outside and cleansl.ng process. The inventor read, that'll motivate them to learn, would be taxed an extra cent with leaves." suggests II be placed next to the wash­ right? the revenues to promote animal birth er and dryer so the same plumbing control. Economy Up- In a number of areas, can be used. Which sounds OK lf The handwriting on the carton?-A the Farmers Insurance Group Is of­ there's no mixup on the connections. recently enacted ordinance In St. fering a special discount to non­ Petersburg, Fla., bans smoking from Regular or no-cal? -A sign In front smoking drivers. The reduced rate Is Leave the driving to them - The Fed­ such pl aces as stores, elevators, dance of a Pasaden Calif., church advises: based on findings that the accident eral Highway Administration cheerful­ floors, theaters, public transportation. "God, like Pepsi-C ola, has a lot to rate among smokers is almost double ly reported that of the nation's l.q!er­ It also prohibits flicking ashes or butts give." that of nonsmokers. A company rep­ st ate buse Inspected In 1971 only from "windows and doors on 1!-ny resentative speculated that those on 8.7 percent were found to be danger­ building or public place or from any Dep't of nonreasaurlng reasaurances ­ the weed may tend tb be more reck­ ously defective. In 1970 It was 11.7 moving vehicle." A California agriculture official Is" al- less. percent.

Women In Revolt Cindy Jaquith Betty Friedan's witch-hunt Betty Freida 's article In the March 4 New York Ism or hatred of men. . . . Some of the disrup­ from author Kate Mlllett; Women's Political Cau­ Tim es Magazine angered everyone who knows tion seemed to be instigated by extreme left groups." cus leader Brenda Felgen-Fasteau; Gloria Stelnem, how destructive witch-hunts against radicals and These charges met with an outraged response. editor of Ms. magazine; New York NOW; Sidney lesbians In the women's movement are. On March 1 some leaders in the National Or­ Abbott and Barbara Love, coauthors of Sappho ~ The artl.cle purports to be a history of the fem ­ ganization for Women (NOW) and other feminist Wa s A R gilt-On Woman; and many others. Inist movement, starting In 1963, when Frledan and lesbian groups held a news conference In Meanwhile, the Daily World, iJewspaper of the wrote The Feminine Mystique. In the course of New York to denounce Frlednn and dissociate Communist Party, lent credence to Frledan's the article, she levels some of the worst slanders themselv-es from her remarks. charges. In the March 6 Issue, Madeleine Provln­ heard yet about the r6le of gay and radical women Tl-Grnce Aiklnson; singled out for special at­ zano lamented that the Task Force on Sexuality in the movement. tack In the article, said of Frledan: "Her tactics and Lesbianism at the recent NOW convention Frledan complains th at the "rhetoric of sex/class are to smear, to Imply the most serious charges passed a resolution urging a fight for lesbian warfare" has marred the women's movement. We without substnn"tln.Uon ... to appeal to the basest rights as "a top priority." (She neglected to note never find out much about this "rhetoric," except fears In the Informed, to Imply guilt by asso­ that the convention as a whole approved this res­ that anyone who is against capitalism or for gay ciation . . . and all the other dubious weapons olution.) liberation is a likely suspect. Instead of clearly last seen In the Joe Mc Carthy arsenal of the 1950s," Lesbianism, the headline of the article claimed, discussing th e political differences she has with Is a "divisive Issue In women's fight for equality." other women In the movement, Frledan tries to A statement by the oor,.dlna tlng Council of the Provlnzuno falsely counterposed women's rights divert attention by raising the specter of " lA Manhattan Women's Political Caucus said: ".. . we struggles and other fi ghts for social change to th e infiltration." regard · Ms . Frledan's remarks as divisive and gay liberation struggle. · "Someone was tryi ng to take over our move­ a denial of th e guiding spirit of .the movement, Statements like those of the Daily World and ment," she asserts. "Sometime In 1968, we heard to represent and support all women's rights, wheth­ Frledan are th e real "divisive" activities In th e that 200 women had been trained by th e F. B. I. er ·th ey be heterosexual, homosexual, or of dif­ women's movement . Every woman, whether she oi· th e . I. A. to lnfUtrnte e wom en' s move­ fering phUosophlcal political views." The council Is gay or heterosexual, socialist, communist, Dem­ ment. .. ." added that It "categorically denies and considers ocrat, or Republican, has th e right to participate Who was behind this dev ious mission'! Frtednn nonexistent the alleged widespread des tructive and In th e movement. Our problem Is finding ways doesn't tell us, but _she drops more than enough subversive activities of les bians, radical women, to Involve more women In th e struggle, not ways hints: "The disrupters .of th e women's movement and other women's movement leaders." to gay-ball or red-ball som e of those who nrc were the ones continually tr yi ng to push lesbian- There were also statements cond emning fo'riednn already fi ghting with us!

By Any Means Necessary Baxter Smith A jackal is a... According to Webster, a jackal Is any of several The Di strict 18 school board then submitted Black a nd Puerto Rican students attem11t1ng to wild dogs of the Old World, more yellowish and a plan that prohibited the Tilden House students enter any of the eight Canarsle schools that are less dating than wolves, sometimes hunting In from attending Canarsle schools. The chancellor boycotted a re jeered and cursed. White students pacl

8 lnternat'l women's Day Celebrations

activist, spoke on the status of wom­ seattle en in Ireland, emphasizing the oppres­ By GALE SHANGOLD sive Influence of the Catholic Church. SEATTLE, March 3 -On Murch 2, She also went into the developing con­ 1,200 women and men packed the Uni­ sciousness among women in the Irish versity of Washington ballroom to republican movement of the Im­ hear Evelyn Reed and Kate Mlllett, portance of fighting for women's two leading spokeswomen for the femi­ rights, such us chlld cure, equal pay, nist movement. It was the largest wom­ and equality under the law. en's liberation event ever held In Evelyn Reed, a Marxist anthropolo­ Seattle. gist, spoke on the power of the wom­ Evelyn Reed is u Marxist anthro­ en's movement. She traced the devel­ pologist, an active feminist, and a opment of the women's movement, the leading member of the Socialist Work­ significance of the abortion law repeal ers Party. She is the author of Prob­ struggle, and the importance of muss lems of Women's Liberation (Path­ action in achieving change for women. finder Press, 410 West St., New York, Her talk ended by emphasizing the N . Y. 10014 ). growth of feminism on an internation­ Kate Millett is best known us the al scale and the need for a socialist author of Sexual Politics, but she Is revolution to end women's oppression. also u filmmaker and sculptress, and An all-duy symposium on educa­ works in the gay feminist movement. "" tion, sponsored by Independent Cam­ The meeting was part of u two-day Mililani/len Goodman pus Women, took place at San Fran­ celebration of International Women's Evelyn Reed (speaking) and Kate Millett (wearing hat) were featured speakers at March cisco State College on Murch 8. More Day. So many people crowded into the 2-3 women's liberation conference in Seattle. Twelve hundred people turned out for than 300 people participated. The two ballroom that sound had to be piped Reed-Mill ell meeting. main speakers were Evelyn Reed and into another room as well. Rita Mae Brown, u lesbian feminist In her preserltution, _Reed contended ticipated in u day of activities on .Josephine Hulett, and Mary McClinton. poet. that women must do away with the Murch 8. The majority of those at­ She also related her own experience biological and anthrop.ologicul myths tending the various events were Black, us u household worker in the 1950s. International , Women' s Day celebra­ about their role. Women must recon­ Chicana, Asian-American, and Native Gloria House, an instructor in Alro­ tions also look place in many other struct their history, she asserted. American women. Arn.ericun literature and studies in cities. "Women's Inferiority is not due to biol­ An international panel at Merritt had Third World and women's liberatio n, One feature of the women's speak­ ogy, but due to the society we live in." speakers from the African Liberation read a series of her poems. out held March 8 at the University MHlett opened her remarks by stat­ Day Committee, Asian Studies, Uni­ A "Women in Politics" panel of Houston was u talk by Linda Mc­ ing that Reed's talk was "the best aca­ versity of California Ethnic Studies presented talks by Put Burnett from the Gregor, u member of the women's demic thesis and the best piece of Department, Irish Defense Committee, Women's Political Caucus; Linda auxiliary of the Oil, Chemical and scholarship I have ever heard." In and Mirtu VIdal from The Militant. Nordquist, Socialist Workers Party; Atomic Workers Ur.ion. The OCAW her speech, Mlllett talked about the Harriet Rotter, Republican Party; An­ is now on strike against the Shell activities of guy feminists. women pris- Portland netta MHier, Democratic Pa rty; and Oil Company, and women have oners, and Chicanas. Feminism, she .Jeununne Huvstud, Human Rights played an important role rn organiz­ said, Is part of the struggle by all op- By RITA MORAN Party. ing strike support. pressed people. PORTLAND, Murch 11 -A coalition In the evening, women discussed the In Austin, 100 people participated On Murch 3, 400 women attended of women's groups In Portland or­ problems and potential of the woman in u rally at the University of Texas u full day of workshops and speakers. ganized two days of activities in hon­ artist. One hundred and twenty people on Murch 8. The keynote speakers were Rita Shaw or of International Women's Day. attended this session, and at least that Two hundred women came to an of the Abortion Action Coalllion of Women from many college campuses, many also watched the St reet Corner ull-Bella Abzug (D-N. Y.) and culls for Berke)ey city cou nell elections, as well line of more than 150 people demon­ repeal of all restrictions on a bortion. us city councilwoman Loni Hancock, ~strated at the federal court house, de- The Sun Diego Women' s National presented their views on the feminist manding the right to chlld care. Abortion Action Coalition held a meet­ movement at a panel on women in Another important focus of activity san Francisco ing on "Crimes Against Women" at politics. The candidates included Nan­ was abortion. About 60 women came By GEORGE COX Sun Diego State College March 8 . And cy Mackler from the Socialist Workers to a panel on March 8 on the meaning SAN FRANCISCO, March 12 -The in Boston, several hundred women Party, Ying Kelley from the Aprll Co­ of the Supreme Court abortion ruling. San Francisco and Oakland/ Berkeley held u demonstration March 10, or­ alition, and Susan Hone from the Socialist Workers Party cosponsored ganized by the Cambridge Women's erute slate. a "Women In Revolution" rally on Fri­ Center and Female Liberation. Romaine Sheppard from the Native Detroit day evening, Murch 9, at the Univer­ American Student Association gave a By MARTY PETTIT sity of San Francisco. More than 150 report on developments at Wounded DETROIT, March 9-Wayne S te people attended. Problems Knee, along with u call for solidarity University Women's Liberation spon­ Mirta Vidal, staff writer for The Mili­ ctions in support of the Indian pro­ sored an International Women's Day tant, spoke on Chicanas and their of women's test. Elaine Brown, Black Panther Par­ celebration here March 8 . relationship to the women's liberation Liberation ty candidate for Oakland city council, Seventy-five men and women, most movement. She emphasized that there By EVELYN REED spoke on the child-care cutbacks. of them Black, attended a panel on is no contradiction between being a 96 pp., $3.95, paper $1.45 That evening, about 150 people at­ "Black Women in Struggle." MaidyJor­ feminist and a Chicano nationalist and PATHFINDER PRESS, 410 West St., tended a talk by Evelyn Reed on "Is dan from the National Welfare Rights that both movements serve to strength­ New York, N . Y. 10014. Telephone Biology Women's Destiny? ~ Organization spoke about the contri­ en and support each other. (212) 741-{)690. At Merritt College, 500 'w omen par- butions of Rosa Parks, Mary Bethune, Sharon Devlin, an Irish republican

THE MILITANT/MARCH 23, 1973 9 fighting more intense than before 1ruce' Thieu regime harasses, expels journalists By CAROLINE LUND tary CommlssiUn. deeply Into traditional Communist­ command announc'ed March 12 that MAR CH 13 -As of today reports F6x writes that "several of those · held areas. Communities displaying the missiles had been removed. were' that the level of fighting In South journalists Involved ha~ visited Vlet­ Pathet Lao flags have been regular­ The Canadian members of the Inter­ Vietnam was more Intense than It was cong-controlled areas of South Vlet­ ly bombed." national Commission of Control and just before the cease-fire was signed nlf m and have written articles about U.S. officials cleafly approve of Supervision have helped carry off this Jan. 27. "It looks now as lf the Viet­ the torture and beating of political these moves. As Browne points out, ruse: On March 10 they publicly ac­ namese a re going to go right on prisoners based on Interviews with "Laotian military leaders are aware cused two me'mbers of the ICeS­ fi ghting the way they have for years," recently released prisoners." that ' without United States gasoline, obviously ·the Polish and Hungarian said a U. S. official quoted In the Ron Nessen of NBC had merely ammunition, spare parts, food and members, although they were not March 11 New York Times. attempted to visit delegates from North money, their forces would collapse In named-of obstructing an investiga­ This reality of war contrasts sharp­ Vietnam and the Provisional Revolu­ days or even hours." tion of the all'eged missiles in.Khesanh. ly with the statement of Secretary of tionary Qovernment on the .Joint MUI­ Meanwhile Washington has at­ Through their threats to leave the com­ State Willia m Rogers only ei ght days tary Commission. tempted to camouflage these aggres­ mission over this and other . Issues, earlier. Rogers assured reporters that, Meanwhile Thieu's attacks on rebel­ sive actions of Its own puppet forces the Canadians have cooperated in "The cease-fire seem s to be more ef­ held territory continue. Especially against civilian populations by drawing attention away from Thleu's fecti ve from day to day." . hard hit by bombing and shelling blowing up a ·stoFm over North Viet­ systematic violations of the accords. New s on the fi ghting In South Viet­ has been Quang Tri province. An ex­ nam troops remaining in Laos and After protests from the North Viet­ na m has, however, been noticeably pose by Henry Kamm In the March alleged movement of North Vietna­ namese and l>RG, the Thieu regime reduced, as the Saigon dictatorship 8 New York Times explained how mese troops and supplies toWard finally drew b ack on its previous has launched a campaign against for­ the Saigon regime is manipulating the the South. threat not to rel ~ se thou·sands of rebel eign journalists attempting to cover refugee figures from Quang Tri prov­ Earlier Washington had attempted prisoners scheduled to be set free under the war. ince both to line the pockets of their to throw up a similar smokescreen the accords. But on March 10 the On March 10 It was reported that officials, and also to justify the mas­ by co~plalning that the North Viet­ PRG charged that Thieu's forces had three American correspondents were sive bombing of the province. namese allegedly had set up antiair­ attacked and occupied one of the two being expelled from South Vietnam. Saigon officia.ls have exaggerated craft missile equipment In Khesanh places where Vietnamese POWs were They are Donald Davis, acting Saigon the number of refugees from Quang province. After threatening air at­ supposed to be exchanged, in anoth­ bureau chief of United Press Interna­ Trl on the order of some 100,000 tacks against the missile sites, the U.S. er blatant violation of the accords. tional; Ron Nessen of NBC News; people. This way they receive relief and Jacques Leslie of the Los Angeles money from the U. S. government for Times. the non-existent refugees. At the same The Saigon government had an­ tirne they use the figures to try to nounced earlier that it would expel prove · that people don't want to live any journalists they felt were guilty in rebel-controlled terrltory and to jus­ of "un-Vietnamese activities"- a term tify tbs bombing and shelling of the that has not been defined. province on the grounds that the civil­ In attempting to justlfy the expul­ ians have all left. Actually ihose 100,- sion of Davis, Saigon spokesman 000 civilians are being terrorized by Pham Duong Hlen charged that UPI the Saigon regime. had given "ample space to news stories on alleged massacres and tortures of The fighting also continues In Laos. civilian detainees based on Communist On March 6 the Insurgents of sources whlle neglecting to report the Pathet Lao charged the VIentiane about commentaries made by our government and the United States vrlth spokesmen on these stories." 23{) violations of the Laotian cease­ In addition, Saigon officials have fi~e accord in only one week since informed Agence France-Presse that the accord was signed. The Pathet one of its correspondents would not be Lao claimed that the government had a llowed back into South Vietnam. Syl­ not even broadcast orders for the van Fox reported in the March 8 cease-fire to Its troops. New York Times that correspondents Malcolm Browne reported In the of the Times had three times been March 9 New York Times that "gov­ detained for up to three hours by Sai­ ernment troops, stro)lgly backed by gon mllltary police when attempting Laotian Air Force propeller-driven Bierman In to cover activities of the Joint Mlli- fighter-bombers, have been drJving 'i can't help but wonder why none of us Is keeping on eye on

Cambodian .regime shaken by rebel forces By CAROLINE LUND · Stanley Karnow, writing In the Feb. the Christian Science Monitor, Daniel It's all part of what Nixon means "The Cambodian Army with all its 24 New Republic, estimates th.at the Southerland, confirmed March 10 that . when he speaks about assuring "self­ superior equipment supplied by · the Phnom Penh government controls "Popular discontent with the Phnom determination" to the peoples of South­ United States has been outmaneuvered only 20 percent of Cambodian terri· Penh goverrment h~s grown more east Asia. and o ~ tfought by its combined Viet­ tory and 60 percent of 'the population, widespread than ever before." As Stanley Karn9w puts it, both namese and Cambodian foes at every although most of these are refugees He· cites the Cambodian teachers as Lon Nol and former . Cambodian point. Military experts, including a n example of a sect.lon of society that president Norodom Sihanouk would Cambodians, believe that it would col­ previously supported the. government "be retired to southern France" to be 'lapse without American bombing sup­ but now is in open rebellion against replaced- with a more "flexible" person­ port." it. A strike of primary and secondary ality. "Such a maneuver would cer­ This . conclusion was expressed school teachers has spread from tainly require the co'operation of March 8 by Henry Ka mm, a corres­ Phnorri Penh to the provinces, extend­ Hanoi and Peking," writes Karnow, pondent fo r tne N ew York Times-tR­ ing even into small vUlages under "and Kissinger may have. proposed Cambodia. government control. it ·on his trips to those caplta!s last Despite a ll th e Nix on adrninistra­ The .weakening of the Lon ·Nol 'gov­ week." Thus far it appears.that Kissin­ tion's talk of bringin g "peace" to ernment in Phnom Penh Is proceeding g ~ was unsuccessful if that was indeed SouthelfSI Asia, the U. S. is wa ging despite American military aid amount­ one of the purposes of his trip·. · a full-fledged war in Cambodia. ing to $5-mNlion per week, not count­ As tl)e U. S. maneuvers to replace Kamm describes the nature of this ing the· cost of U.S. bombing support. . the Lon Nol government, millions of wa r: "'Phe guerrillas overrun Govern­ Because of the extreme isolation of dollars or'American taxpayers' money ment positions, American planes the Lon Nol regime and its precarious are going to enrich the c:;orrupt Cam­ bomb them out, and the Government • grip on the country, the U.S. Is mov­ bodian government and army. officer announces the reconquest of devas­ ing in to attempt to dump Lon Nol caste. Stanley Karnow . writes that tated places. Meanwhile, refugees drift and replace him witli some other pro­ army officers are the wealthiest people into this city [Phnom Penh! telling of imperialist puppet who is more com­ in Phnom Penh, a s shown "In their the civlllan dead and pillaging by the petent and credible. The current new suburban villas, in the sleek Mer­ soldiers." U.S. choice seems to be Lon Not's aedes that clog Pnompenh's streets and Meanwhile on Feb. 27 Agence brother, Lieutenant General Sisowath tn their presence at the city's fancier France-Presse reported that the U.S. who have streamed into the cities Sirlk Malak. French restaura'nts." , had established a secret base for .Karnoyr rl:ports the Cambodian rebel The U.S. did' the same thing a dec­ Army officers pocket some $3- American aircraft at the Phndm Penh forces have grown "In -epectacular ade ago In Vielna,m, when it arranged miliion of u.s. taxpayers' money airport. The base is used for ni uepng fashion, from some 3000 in 1970 to the deposing and assassination of each month Qecause they claim pay · and possibly for loading up ·the ~ ly 4s:ooo at present.~ N go Dlnh Diem when he became to9 for,..twlce as many Cambodian soldiers planes with bombs.nl1d ni).p~lm. The Cambodian correspondent of much of an embarrassment to the U. S. a·s actually exist.

10 Demand 'U.S. out now!' . ~.Y. mee~ing salutes Saigon' s dictator Thleu Is coming called a 4:30 picket line at the White to the United States the first week House and a 6 p.m. rally In La­ 1nt'l abort1on struggle of April. The National Peace Ac­ fayette Park. Pe(!ple from nearby By CLAIRE MORIARTY freed by anyone else but themselves," tion Coalition, Student Mobilization areas and cities nrc urged to come NEW YORK, March 13-"For a she added. Committee, and other antiwar Into Washington for the action. A partlc!pnnt In the Bertrand Russ~ll forces are planning demonstrations Protests are planned In many oth­ c_hange, we're on the Inside while they at the time of his visit to demand er cities as well, Including Atlanta, picket outside," Florynce Kenhedy War Crimes Tribunal and a defender an end to nil U.S. lnterventlon' ln Boston, Chicago, Detroit, Houston, said 'of the meager anti-abortion forces of the Algerian revolution, Hallml :;outhenst Asia and no support to Seattle, San Francisco, Minneapo­ who picketed the March 10 meeting also explained how the oppression of' Thleu' s repressive regime. lis, Philadelphia, Denver, Austin, here on the International abortion women Is rooted In capitalist society. Thleu will spend the first few rlays and New York. rights struggle. The Women's · Na­ Michelle Chevalier received a stand­ of April on the West Coast nn

THE MILITANT/MARCH 23, 1973 11 AMILITIIT IITERIIEW= UMW·sels SRI L : ISLIID BEH BARS elections; By .[)AVE FRANKEL "Half of Ceylon's imports," he said, no right to cross examine witnesses .Boyle is The lslli.nd-<:ountry of Sri Lanka (for­ "are rice, but in the past Ceylon was or to confront the accuser. merly Ceylon) lies In the Indian Ocean n . rlcc- ~.o :coducing country that fed it­ off the southeastern coast of India. self. !ts fishing Industry Is also ne­ accused It has n population of 13,000,000, glec~. It is more profitable for the Elections postponed about 16,000 of whom are political owners to produce ten and rubber for In May 1972 the government prisoners. Recently, I Interviewed export, but the natural resources to changed the name of Ceylon to Sri in murders Vljnyn Wlckrnmn of the London-buned solve the economic problems exist." Lllllk~. and postponed the elections By DAVE FRANKEL Ceylon S<>lldnrJty Cnmpnl,gn to find schedu1eri for 1975 to 1979. Most re­ The Feb. 15 Issue of the United Mine out more about events In Sri Lanka. cently, the government has proposed Workers Journal reports that elections Wlckrnmn described the promises of State. of emergency n bill known us the Press Council for all officers In nine of the 24 dis­ the "left wing" coalition government In the spring of 1971 the govern­ bill. This bill would allow the govern­ tricts of the UMW have been set for that was elected In 1970, especially In ment moved to subdue in advance ment to appoint n four-member press this summer by the newly elected regard to creating new jobs, solving the opposition that It feared its eco­ council which, in order "to ensure the UMW International leadership. the problem of unemployment, and nomic program would provoke. On freedom of the press," "to prevent Eight of the nine districts Involved currying out n lund reform. The coali­ Murch 6 a group of people ostensibly abuse of that freedom," and "to safe­ had been held under trusteeship by tion government inherited an economic protesting the Vietnam war attacked guard the character of Ceylon's press the old UMW leadership headed by crisis that had been building up for u the American embassy with Molotov in accordance with the highest pro­ W. A. ~Tony) Boyle and before him long time, but it was unwilling to cocktails. The government used this fess onnl standards," would have the by John L. Lewis. Under this system curry oul any measures that would provocation to justify a declnrntlon power to d~termine what type of news the districts were run by officials up­ challenge capitalism in Ceylon. In­ of n .state of emergency. It accused articles would be allowed to appear stead, said Wickrnmu, "The first thing a group of revolutionary youth in the press. pointed directly from the International the government asked for was for the known us the .JVP (.Junnthn Vim"ukthi There has been some resistance to headquarters. people to make sacrifices, to 'tighten Pernmunn- People's Liberation the government repression. On Oct. their belts.'" Front) of the Murch 6 assault. 18 one million people pnrticlpntcd In This was especially disillusioning for Thousands of JVP members were n hunger strike, and 300,000 planta­ many of the young people who had arrested in n nationwide dragnet. Fi­ tion workers went out on strike In re­ supported the electoral front led by nally, the JVP attacked about 50 po­ sponse to n cull by the Ceylon Hu­ Sirimnvo 'Bandaranaike, the present lice stations on April 5, but its re­ man and Democratic Rights Organiza­ prime minister, on the basis of its sistance did not lust very long. It tion. This cull had the support of promises. The literacy rate In Sri was these events that the government lawyers, trade unionists, and one Lanka ·is 84 percent, compared with Iuter described us n guerrilla uprising. member of parliament. 26 percent for India, 1111d Its system Under the Public Security Act, which The government has attempted to. of free · higher education had resulted the Bnndnrnnnike government had usc· the Tamil mlnorlly, which com­ in thousands of college graduates for promised to repeal, the police were pri~es about 20 percent of the popula­ whom there were no jobs. "University given the power to arrest and detain tion of Sri Lanka, us n scapegoat graduates were working us bus con­ people without charge, and to bury for the country's problems. Tamil ductors," Wickrnmn said, "and the on­ people without any death certificate­ workers · are blamed. for the luck of ly proposal of the· government was to in effect, giving them a license to kill. jobs, and discrimination against them retire government employees at 55 in­ Press censorship was introduced as is encouraged by the government in stead of 60." well, and the economic program de­ a riumber of ways. The· government's land reform pro­ manded by the World Bank o~,vus put The Tamil language is denied the gram was us bud us its employment into effect. status of an official language, and proposals. It pul n ceiling of 50 acres By September 1971 the government some one-million Tamils who are the In the ninth district n 1970 election on 'land holdings, and then announced subsidy on rice had been cut, a wage descendents of plantation workers who was Invalidated by, a federal court because of Irregularities in the way Hint this would only apply to individu­ freeze imposed, and milk, cloth1 bnby came to Ceylon from India in the nine­ al landowners, not to public com­ food ~. and other imported good.s put teenth century have been denied citizen­ it was conducted. The scheduling of panies. "So, before the law went into on ration. Prices have gone up too. ship. The government is attempting to district elections is in keeping with effect, the landowners formed public Powdered chili, one of the essential deport some of these people to India. p,reelection pledges made by Arnold companies with their relations," ex­ ingredients of curry, a staple food Both the Soviet Union and Chinn Miller, the new UMW president, and plained Wickramn. in Ceylon, sold for two rupees in 1970. hnvc supported the Bandnrnnaike re­ with a number of court rulings that "Today it sells for 40 rupees," accord­ gime's crackdown. The Soviet Union had found the trusteeships illegal. "The official rate of unemployment in ing to Wickramil. sent MIG jets nnd other arms in April Other develoP.ments since then have Sri Lanka is about 12 percent, but the According to the latest government 1971 in response to the Ceylonese gov­ kept the spotlight on the corrupt und real figures nrc probably double this," figures, which were released in Septem­ ernment's claim that it was facing an crlminnJ n.n tu l;e of the Boyle lender­ Wickrnmn continued. This sit~ntion ber 1971, there were some 16,000 uprising. Last September the Chinese ship. On Mnr.t: h 9 UMW lenders an­ came about as part of a chronic fi­ prisoners being held us a result of the government sent five frigates to Bun­ nounced thn( they had filed a S 10- nancial crisis. Since 1960 Ceylon has .JVP "uprising." Some 30 to 40,000 dnrannike, along with 150-mlllion mlllion lawsuit against 10 members had a trade and balance of payments people were killed in the course of rupees. of Boyle's old executive board who deficit for every year except one. The the government's terror campaign, Wickrnmn has just finished an ex­ had been removed by Miller. Miller government resorted to continual and arrests nrc still going on. tensive speaking tour of th(.! U.S. and charged in a statement that "for the loans from international financial or­ Cnnudn. He str~ssed the fnCt...thnt the price of n fat paycheck and an in­ ganizations. Under the Criminal ,Justice 'commis­ U.S. is todu.y the largest •urms-sup.­ fluted expense account" the old exec­ But in 1970 when the government sion Act, special courts were set up. plier of the Ceylonese government, and utive board "let the former officers applied to the World Bank for another In these courts, Wickrnmn explained, that public opinion here could have bleed this union dry." loan, the World Bank insisted that it "confessions made by whomsoever, un important impact on the treatment. On the same day more serious impose an immediate wage freeze, and in whatsoever circumstances­ that political prisoners in Sri Lnnkn charges than misnpproprintion of slush all government expenditures, and these nrc the very words of the law­ receive. union funds were made against Boyle. remove all government subsidies on nrc admissable us evidence. You can People interested in receiving the bi­ He was Implicated by special prose­ food items. This program placed the imagine under what circumstances monthly newsletter of the Ceylon Soli­ cutor Richard Sprague in the mur­ ·whole burden of resolving the eco­ they're talking about:" Furthermore, darity Campaign or in making contri­ der of .Joseph Yablonski and Yablon­ nomic crisis on the Ceyl6nese work­ it is up .to the defendant to prove butions to the defense of political pris­ ski's wife and daughter. Yablonski ers and peasants. that n confession attributed to him oners in . Sri Lanka should write to the had lost n campaign to oust Boyle Wickramn pointed out that the eco­ was not In fact made if such u con­ Campaign at No. 9 Dennington Park from the UMW presidency three weeks nomic crisis was an nrtiflcinlt one. fession is repudiated. The accused has Mansions, London N. W. 6. before his murder In 1969 and was pressing charges of fraud In that cnm­ pnlgn-chnrges that were Inter up­ held. Sprague charged in the trial of a former officer of UMW District 19 who is accused of hiring the men who cur­ ried out the kllllngs that $20,000 "was personally transferred on Boyle's or­ ders to District 19," and was used to pay for the murders. Boyle's lawyer conceded to report­ ers that Boyle had approved n $20,- t· 000 loan to District 19 In the full . _, of 1969, but denied Sprague's other charges. Then, on Murch 13, one of t, \ . the men already convicted of the Ya­ blonski murd .r.. made n confession ~ ... during the current trial that named Political prisoners in government concenl Boyle as the man behind the kllllngs.

12 exchanged for n given amount of dol­ for each .currency In relation to the the dollar must remain the predomi­ lars. dollar would be established by supply nant world currency. Central bunks were obligated to and demand. As more and more Y ct the forces of dollar Inflation nrc By DICK ROBERTS mnlntnln these fixed rates. At the be~ marks were demanded for dollars, to insuperable. It was the roun.d of price MARCH 13-Purtlnl steps have been ginning of the sixties, for example, continue the sume example, the ex­ increases announced lmmedlntely after taken to resolve the most serious mon­ the West German murk wns fixed nt change rule of the murk rose to 3.31 Nixon's move from Phase 2 to Phase etary crisis since the 1930s. But any the rate of 4.2 marks per dollar. U murks per dollar. 3, along with announcements of n ' success central bankers have In re­ there would. be n large demand for 'It took more dollars to get fewer record trndc deflclt for 1972, that up­ storing order to the cnpltnllst world's marks, threatening to drive its ex­ murks. set money markets In February. The deeply shaken financial system Is like- change rate higher than that, Bonn Translated Into goods, this would Smithsonian agreement was destroyed, ly to be short-lived. · would Intervene to '• upply mnrks In rneun that u Volkswagen that sold and the dollar wns devnlued for the The steps so far Include n joint Oont exchange for dollars and keep the ex­ for $1,500 In 1960 would now cost second time. of six Common Market currencies change rate stable. $1,900, 28 percent more, provided But this could provide little calm us ngnlnst the dollar and rcvuluntlon of In turn, gold was fixed nt $35 per VW mn.lntulned its orlglnul prices. economic statistics piled up. The new the West German mark In relation ounce. It Is eusy to sec that huge trading "Volcker agreement" lusted exactly 18 to the other five currencies by 3 per­ This system had real ndvnntnges for ndvuntngcs Ul}d dlsndvuntngcs nrc days. cent. Both moves were announced opening up world trude following the contained In the question of currency • In .January alone, food prices rose by 2.3 percent, the most since the Labor Department started keeping records of food prices In 1952. Tnk ing the last two months, the food com­ ponent. of the conSL·Iner price Index is increasing nt the rule of 23 percent per yeur. • No end to this is in sight. The wholesale price index for food and farm items jumped 2.9 percent in January. Over the past six months, farm crop prices hnve been rising nt nn nnnuul nveruge rntc of 18 per­ cent. • Dollar devnluutlon contributes to Murch 12. war, with the United States in the best exchange rules! this lnflntion. Cheaper prices of U.S. The six nations In the flout nrc West position to profit from expnn.dcd world In fuel, even under the circumstances farm goods In Europe has raised U. S. Germany, France, Belgium, the Neth­ trade. It meant tflnt businesses could of floating currencies, central bunks ugriculturnl exports to n record $ 11- crlunds, Luxembourg und Denmark. conduct internntionnl transactions with continued to lntervche In order to pre­ billion this yeur. Only four years ugo The joint Oont means the central the reasonable assurance that changes vent too wide purity changes from it wus less than $6-blllion. bunks of these six countries will no in currency values would not under~ , developing. This Is the "dirty 'flout." This export of farm ~oo.ds reduces longer support the dollar by buying mine their profits. Because of the ·continuing unprcdlc­ the supply In thls country and drives up dollars in foreign exchange n:lllr­ Moreover, dollars were'"ns good as tnblc fluctuutions in currency purities, up food prle~~s. At the same time the kcts. But they will ir1tcrvcnc to main­ gold"- since you could always get one n flouting system of exchange rates prices of nil goods imported into this tain fixed relations (purities) between ounce of gold for $35 -and con­ jeopardizes world ·trndc. No one can country are rnised by devnlunlion. the six currencies. sequently world trade and investment foretell how much nnd when currencies • And 'it's not only food. Industrial These moves will halt the deluge could take place mainly in dollars. will change In vnlue. A business In ­ rnw mnterlnl prices rose .5 .3 percent of dollars that has been pouring into U.S. monopoly ultimately poured vestment made on the prospect of sales In February alone, 31.5 percent in the European ccntrul bunks as u result of their dollar-support operations. The unwanted dollars cxuccrbnte inflation in the recipient countries. At the same time, the dollar's value keeps crod_ing becnusc of the U.S. inflation and pc, riodic dcvuluntlons. Nevertheless, the decision to Oout was rcluctunt because it will bring a further rise in the exchange rules of the European currencies in rein­ lion to the dollar. This means in ef­ fect another devnluution of the dol­ lar. It will cheapen U.S. goods in Europe und make European goods more expensive in the United Stutes. The joint Oout consequently mnrks u new singe in the development of Euro pean-wide cooperation in inter­ nulional competition, although terms could not be worked out .to include Britain, Irelnn'd, and Italy in the float. On this side ·of the Atlantic there were increasing culls for protectionist measures to guard the U.S. market last year. against foreign imports. Throughout n month, six months, o r even several Inflation will continue to jeopardize most of the postwar period, for ex­ years in the future is open to subs!nn­ exchange rutes. At the same time, by ample, the .New York Times has fa­ tinl dunger If currency exchange rates nllrncting more and more cheaper for­ vored free intcrnntionul trade without change ~really over that period .. eign goods into this country, inflation quotas or tariff restrictions. This stnnd Thus in Washington in December will sharpen the balance of trade defi­ reOected the dominant position of U.S. 1971, central bunkers attempted to cit. More and more unwanted dollars imperialism in the world market. establish new -fixed exchange rntes will flow abroad. A murk of how the economic po­ bused around the rates established dur­ $80:billion abroad in foreign invest­ On Murch 2, when Bo nn removed sition of the United Stutes hns slipped Ing the flout of the dollur. This was ments. its support for the dollar, the exchange is that this influential newspaper for the "Sm " 1soninn Accord," te: med by But this system of fixed exchange rule fell ns low ns 2.75 marks per the first time favors nn "agreed method Nixon .. 1e most historic monetary rates bused on the dollar collapsed dollar. In terms of the hypotheticul of protecting ourselves fr01'n trade's nchlevemcnt ever. The Bretton Woods in August of 1971. It wns destroyed Volkswagen already cited, this would adverse effects." system hnd lusted 27 ycnrs. The by the long-term U. S. balance of pay­ up its price from the $1,900 Smith­ The crisis of intcrnntlonnl finance Smithsonian agreement lusted 14 ments deficit produced by foreign in­ sonian level to $2,300-$800 or 53 inexorably drnws the cupltalist powers months. vestment, huge overseas military ex­ percent above the level nt the begin­ toward nil-out trade warfare. Rising penditures, and · declining U. S. com­ ning of the lust decade. barriers to internntionul trade and in­ U.S. inflation petitiveness in world trnde, combined Little wonder thnt West Germnny vestment now being discussed could It was blnsted npnrt lust mo nth by with inflation of the dollar. sopped up the record $2.7-hillion the preclpitnt.e intcrnutional recession on the continued lnflution of the U.S. For if the dollar is inOuted, it means economy and by bigger thun ever previous day in order to protect it s n scale unseen in the postwar epoch. that the billions of dollars held nbroud U.S. trnde und payments deficit s. exports. Since Murch 1, foreign ex ­ lose their purchasing power. Instead of The dollar must occupy n central change markets have been closed. 'Fixed' currencies holding onto dollurs, foreign central place in world finance no muller what They nrc slated to reopen March 19 One of the central issues in the closed­ bunkers more und more trnded them system technically hinges on it . There on the basis of- new "fixed" and "flont­ door meetings of world bunkers today in for gold. nrc billions of dollurs Invested abroad, lng" agreements to be mnde. is the question of "fixed" versus ~flout­ U.S. gold holdings declined from there are these nnd nddltionul dollars ing" exchange rates. A closer look nt $22.8-blllion in 1957 to $10.2-b!ll!on louned ubrond ("Eurodollurs"), there Solution? this question will shed light on the when Nixon slummed down the "gold nrc the added billions that flow ubrond Will the new agreements work nny new dollar crisis Li nd its underlying window" in the New Economic Policy. when foreign goods nrc sold in the better than the lust ones? There nrc causes. This made dollurs no longer converti­ United Stutes. too many vnrlubles to be sure. The 1944 Bretton Woods conference ble to gold. Because of the predominance of U. S. What is most significant Is the ln·­ established n system of fixed exchange NEP flouted dollars in world ex­ investments In the world market, and crens~ dunger of n world credit col­ rates bused on the dollar. This meant change. because of the predominance of the lapse thnl is contained 1n each new that n given quantity of currencies This meant that the exchange rate U.S. market within the world market, Conlinu~td on· page _22

THE MUJTANT/MARCH 23, 1973 13. UAW officials hope for ·~aceful settlement' Issues in auto workers' contract talks By FRANK LOVELL industry exceed $5, "the result of two funds; or n better health program. ness of the corporation heads in De­ This is "contract year" in the auto UAW-wQon puy boosts under the The details of such schemes remain troll to settle. This plan, which iso­ Industry, and when the current three­ union' s current auto Industry con­ to be described, possibly at the special lates separate plants for one-at-a-time year contract expires on Sept. 14 the tracts ... . n three cents an hour cost­ lJAW convention in Murch. In the past settlements, weakens the power of the basic provisions of a new agreement of-living pny increase which went Into this has served to divert attention from union. will be settled- if the present course effect In December nnd the recent an­ more specific goals. Both the UAW and the auto indus­ of secret informal negotiations con­ nual improvement factor ( produc­ At the conference of production try ore publ~clty conscious. What hap­ tinues. But that is far from certain. tivity) wnge boost nmountlng to an workers in Atlanta the leadership anti­ pens In auto is thought to have a Always in the past, signs of settle­ nvcrnge of about 15 cents an hour." cipated more trouble than at the skilled greater impact on the national eco­ ment - with or without n strike directed For the 1.2 million productlonwork­ trades conference. This was the first nomy than a strike in other Industries. at one of the major auto corporo­ rs the nvcragc wage is about $4.83. such conference ever culled by the For this reason the auto union, under tions - could be clearly rend at the Pay scales of the 250,000 skilled work­ UAW. Even though the vast majority the Reuther leadership, for 25 years beginning of the year In the public ers raise the average. of UAW . members arc production followed a strategy of never striking announcements of the corporate heods UAW President Leonard Woodcock workers, this conference was smaller, the industry, always choosing instead of the industry and the top officials "emphasized that · the wage increases more carefully controlled than that of a "target company" to test the strength of th e United Auto Workers union. resulting In the new average of over the skilled trades. All 593 delegates of the union. This year is no exception. $5 an hour are non-Inflationary," the were elected local officials, not special- The same top officials remained in On .Jun. 10 Richard Gerstcnbcrg, office after Reuther's accidental death chairman of General Motors Corpora­ in 1970, and their basic strategy re­ tion, suggested a simple one-year ex­ mains essentially the same. Out Wood­ tension of the existing contract. He cock appears now to have narrowed called it n "good contract," allowing the traditionaL method of dealing with for a 3 percent annual wage raise the corporations by llrnlting strike ac­ based on rising productivity plus cost­ tions to single plants. of-living increases geared to the La­ This more cautious approach was bor Department's Consumer Price In­ tested in the series of "weekend" strikes dex. last fall against General Motors As­ Earlier the same week Henry Ford sembly Division ( GMAD) In on effort II, chairrnnn of the Ford Motor Corn ­ to force the corporation to abide by the puny, had indicated agreement with existing contruct. The isolated strikes the idea of extending th e present con­ failed. The corporation continues to tract. ignore established production stan­ Top UAW officials were talking dards, relentlessly speeds up assembly nbout a one-year contract ns a pos­ lines, orbltrarily changes job clussi­ sible answer to wage controls. They flcallons and reduces th e size of work have since become mo re optimistic crews. over prospects of a "peaceful Mc ttlc­ This then becomes the central ques­ rn cnt." tion for .the auto union: can the union The public announcement by GM protect the rights ond working condi- nnd Ford executives served to rntlfy ti o ns of it s members? · the tacit understanding that had been UAW : con the union protect the rights and working conditions The times nrc changing from what reuchcd nt that early stage of the ne­ of its me mbers?' they have been over the pnst 25 years. gotiations, nomely, that wages would The UAW no longer negotiates in a not be a major issue In the 1973 settle- union paper said. ly elected conference qelegates from rapidly expanding industry, one thot rnent. At the skilled trudes conference the the assembly lines. Is able to grant a few wage conces­ Since .January the UAW has held demands that reportedly aroused the Critics at the conference charged that sions and some fringe benefits in ex­ two precontract conferences. The first most enthusiasm were the right to ·rc­ it was "handpicked." Nevertheless, change for "Industrial hormony." was the Skilled Trades Conference, at­ fu sc overtime work (denied under the there was wide-ranging discussion on The U. S. -bascd auto corporations tended by 1,200 delegates, In New cxl ling contrnct); union control over speedup, ond demands that the UAW ore maneuvering for a greater share Orleans, Feb. 6-8. The other wa a the farming out of work by the cor­ free Itself to strike at anytime against of the world morket in competition conference of 593 locnl officials repre- porations to small, often nonunion, unjust disciplinary action by the com­ with companies in other countries. The subcontractors (a perennial demand panics, their arbitrary decisions to drive Is on to turn out more cars with of the skilled trades); and retirement speedup assembly lines, and their dis­ fewer workers. This is not conducive at any age after 30 years of service regard of safety stondards required b:9 to "industrial harm_ony." ("30 and Out," a demand in the 1970 the Occupational Safety ·and Health Under these conditions UAW nego­ negotiations). Act. tiators and industry officials cannot When some delegates proposed that More than 100 delegates spoke on cosily reach a settlement that will paci­ . ' ' tpc UAW demand wages for skilled these issues, demanding that the grlev­ fy the auto workers, especially those craftsmen comparable to what is paid nnce procedure be changed to require on the production lines. fo.r the same work in the construction proof of wrongdoing before mnnage­ industry, Woodcock responded sharp­ ment Is ollowcd to impose discipline Whether the auto c~rporatlons in the ly. Such n demand ot this time would ( layoff or firing) upon any UAW course of negotiations this summer de­ be "divisive," he said, widening the member. cide to provoke n UAW strike will pay differential between skilled and One del egate from a Kansas City depend upon the rotc of lnflntlon in unskilled workers In the union. This GM assembly plant local charged the the national economy; the outcome would cuuse serious conflicts ns any­ UAW International leadership of end­ of some hurd-fought strike battles or one should k'now. That ended the dis­ less talk while line crews are cut, pro­ other unlqns now in progress or in cussio n o n wage lncrcoscs. duction raised, und workers disci­ th e making; the degree of governmen­ In the tradition of fo rmer UAW Pres­ plined. This wn s the tenor of most tal interventio n In wngc settlements; ident Wolter Reuther, Woodcock spoke remark s by dclcg'"a tcs. They were bitter th e poiltl cnl evolutio n of major sec­ about hi s "plnn" for formal negotia­ over unhea lthy nnd unsafe work a nd to rs f tl c union movement, includ­ tions this summer. He wa nt s to submit dernnnded more shop committeemen in g th e UAW; and th e nbllity of rank­ some so rt or "profit shoring" pla'n ( nn ("A cornrnlltccmnn fo r every fore­ and-fil e wo rkers to orgnnlze within idea Reuther o ft en talked nboul u de­ man") to guard working conditions. th ei r unions for th ei r own self-defense. cade ago), a way to more cquitnbly In response to th ese g rievance , distribute th e $3-billlon profits raked Wo odcock mode the ringing declara­ In by the auto Industry in 1972. tion: "We nrc going to demand nnd The broad outlines of the Woodcock get eq uity on working conditions nnd scntlng production worker!>, held in pion remain vague, leaving options economics." He failed to indicate how, Atlanta, Feb. I 6 -I 7 . floth were pre­ open to th e companies. They con except to promise that health and safe­ paratory to th e UAW Special Collec­ shore some of their surplus profits ty on th e job would get "overriding tive Bnrgaining Convention In Detroit, with the public by reducing the price priority In 1973." March 22-24. of cars, thus contributing to the fi ght It was clear from Woodcock's re­ U there was a "c entral them e" at the against Inflation. They may elect to marks nt the conference and to re­ skllled trades and production workers shore their profits with the workers porters Inter that his prlma1)1 pur­ conferences, it was "money is not the through an onnual profit-distribution pose is to worl< out a Jnt!Jnod of set­ big issue." This wn s the general !den pio n; or through an employee stock tling IQ.Da'l grievances after signing a top UAW officials wnntcd to get purchasing program, which was of­ naflonul contract that will avoid a across. The med~a hus widely publi­ fered by th e cornponics in prevlnl:HI general tic-up of the industry or of cized this as the "consensus." negotiatio ns ond Is now avnlkrble to any o ne of the major corporations. The Jan.-Feb. i ss~e of Solida rity, salary employees; or by contributing Hi s scheme is to stagger the dates 1 official UA W publication, announced n fixed portion of Q.Jll1ual profits to for local settlement s, apparently th a t nvcrnge hourly straight -time the pension pro~rn. the Supplemen­ choosing to ignore the fact that such wages of 700,000 workers in the auto tary Unernplfl1ment Benefits (SUB) settlements depend upon the willing-

14 Conference hits sex discrimination I Women in Stewardesses demand righ~ By CINDY JAQUITH LA. urge NEW YORK, March II - The first national conference of Stewardesses for Women's Rights ended here today equal job with plans to fight the blatant sex dTs­ crlmlnation stewardesses face from the al.rlines. opportunity More than 50 stewardesses and for­ By DBLLA ROSSA mer stewardesses participated In the LOS ANGELES-Women have been two-day conference. Some came from fighting back against oppression on as far away as San Francisco, Seattle, many fronts and have won Impor­ and Florida. tant victories, such ns the right to In her opening remarks to the meet­ abortion. But they are stUI second­ i.ng,. Sandra Jarrell, later elected na­ class citizens, particularly In the kind tional coordl.nator of the group, said: of work they do and what they get "Ou~ conditioning has been so thor­ paid for it. ough that few of us make a critical A group of nearly 40 angry women examination of the structure ln which te stified to this at recent hearings held we earn our livelthood . ... The air­ they become pregnant; lack of ad­ to the sexual fantasies of mole pas­ here by the Callfornla Commission on line Industry has spent mlllions with vancement. sengers." the Status of Women. The purpose of all the mass media, creating and per­ Founded In 1972, Stewardesses for A number of conference participants the hearings was to make recommen­ petuatl.ng the glamorous Image Iof Women's Rights has already CUed le· said they were acUve In women's lib­ dations to the state legislature and oth­ stewardesses!. It Is as though they gal suits to win reinstatement of wom­ eration groups, such as the National er public and private Institutions for sought to sell tickets by suggesting en who were unjusUy fired and to chal­ Organization for Women (NOW), an... d changes that would promote equality to the male passenger that when he lenge degrading job rules regulating In their unions. One woman said she for women. boards the aircraft he 111 entering one personal appearance. worked last fall in support of the Mich­ Thirty-seven percent of the full-time of Hugh Hefner's al.rborne playboy The stewardesses are olflo demand­ Igan referendum to liberaHze the abor­ work f~rce and 56 percent of the part­ clubs. And I don't need to tell you Ing that they be respected as profes­ tion Jaw. time force of 1he state civil service who the bunnies are!" sionals. "We are Independent, adult The conference established task employees are women. However, Durl.ng the panels on legal rights, women who know how to administer forces on legal rights, health and safe­ "Women tend to be clustered ln cleri­ comm unlcutions, and consciousness first aid, deliver babies, deal with hi­ ty, public relations, and other Issues. cal positions and seldom appear as raising, stewardesses discussed some jackers, and tn case of an accident, The next national conference wUI bo decision makers or In jobs traditional­ of the problems they face: bel.ng trea t· evacuate a burning airplane In 90 In Chicago In September. ly filled by men," according to Doris ed as sex objects by the al.rlines and seconds," Jarrell sold. The purpose Srvard of the Women's Equity Action many male passengers; arbitrary of the ai.rline Industry, she added, "Is To contact Stewardesses for Wom­ eague of Whittier, CaliL grooming rules not Imposed upon to provide the public with safe, com­ en's Rights, write P. 0. Box 3-235, Al ­ "Their salaries also tend to be lower male employees; losing their jobs If fortable transportation, not to cater exandria, .Ya. 22302. than those of men, despite federal and state equal pay laws," she said, "be­ cause classlflcotlon syste'ms set salaries differently for jobs predominantly held by women compared to thoR held by !Jlen." Cutbacks P-rotested in LA. . Yolanda Na:va of the Chicana Ser­ vice Ac ion Center tP.stlfled that the stereotype of the Cblcana who stays S.F. march: ~save our children' home having babies and making tor­ tlllas Is all wrong. Forty-nine percent By CAROLE SEIDMAN "Child care, not welfare" was also federal or state governments refuse. of all Chlcan over 18 nrc In the SAN FRANCISCO, March 10-One one of the enthusiastic chants nlong One short-term victory hns nlrendy work force, bu more than half of these thousand people, mostly working the march, along with "Save the chUd­ been won. The state legislature hns women are In ow-paying jobs. mothers and their children, demon­ ren" nnd "ABC, one, two, three, child­ promised to maintain the centers un­ Median eo t nlngs for the Chicana strated ln a light ruin today for a cure centers for you and me." The til .June' 30, and Governor Ronald factory wor' er are $3,590, and the In­ stop to the federal child-cure cutbacks. monitors for the murch were pnrents Rengnn has endorsed this biB. This come for omestlc workers I much All 32 children's centers In Sun Frnn­ and members of the American Federa­ ns~urance of a three-month grnce pe ~ lower. Chicana clerical workers (32 clsco were represented, many of them tion of Teachers. rlod has not convinced the parent~ percent of all Chicanas In · the work cnrrylng 'their own banners on the One of the best received speeches thut their struggle ls over, however. force) earn $4,484. march from Union Square In down­ at the rally wns by Sylvia Weinstein, Mnny are nsklng, "What about nfter Nova pointed out that 45 percent town Sun Francisco to the Civic Cen­ a grandmother, representing the Par­ .June 30'r of Chicano families below the poverty ter plaza, where n rally took place. ents Advisory Council. She compared level. are headed by women. "Poverty, At the Civic Center, )parents from the struggle of working women for By NED MOORE then, Is the Chicana's reward for full­ Oakland nnd surrounding Buy Area child care to their earlier struggle for LOS ANGELES- Some 2,000 pover­ time empl yment," she said. communities jblned the nctlon. ·Hun­ the eight-hour day· and ngnlnst child ty progrnm workers and community The position of women on the Uni­ dreds of children carried hand-painted labor. She pointed to the IroniC cruelty recipients j mmed Into a church In the versity of California at Los Angeles signs saying "Save my center" and of the government In denying child Black community Feb. 28 to protest faculty has deteriorated since 1940, "Let me lenrn while my mother earns." cure whlle making vast military ex­ the Nixon administration's cutbacks according to testimony by attorney . Perhaps the most prominent slogan penditures . on social services. Tlml· Hnllem, n 1972 gr duate of of the day wns "ChllCl care, not wel­ The speech by James Bullard, pt:esi­ Locul politicians and poverty pro­ UCLA law school. fare." This slogan reflects the attitude dent of the San Francisco Federation gram administrators dominated the Only 4.5 percent of full professors at of the majority of pnrents using the of Teachers, assured the parents full meeting, · with suggestions ranging UCLA are women, f{allem said. "In public · child-care centers·. Many support from his union. The Teachers from high-level negotintlons with Nix­ 1940 tl2 percent of the faculty were of them hove recently come off the union and parent groups wUl be work­ on's aides to n muss march on Wash­ women, but ln 1971 only 6 percent welfare rolls and do not want I(\ go Ing tog ther to pressure the city board Ington, D. C. Although the angry nnd were women." hack on. of education to fund the centers If the defiant tone of the speakers eflected Patsy Ann Beer, a Steno II for the the mood of the spirited audience, department of corrections, sntd, "Cleri­ there were no specific action proposals cal ls forever clerical. We are limited presented. to promotion within clerical, and there The Citizens' Committee for Com­ ls no bridge o'ut." She concluded that munity Action sponsored the meeting, "the only alternative I see for change which was about 60 percent Black ls to join and become an active partici­ and 20 percent Chicano. pant In a clerical trade union." Data obtained by the hearings Is Since the meeting, some of those available from the Commission on the affected by the cutbacks have taken Status of Women, 1025 P St., Room action. On Murch 6, about 300 work­ 340, Sqctam'e_nto, Calif. 95814. Ing mothers and theli' children picketed the federal building here. They pro­ tested the Impending government di­ rective burring their. use of chlld-care centers because they are working and not on welfare! If Nixon has his way, program!! serving 250,000 poor people In Los Angeles would be wiped out; 5,000 poverty workers would lose their jobs; and 700 program sites would be shut down.

THE MILITANT/MARCH 23, 1973 15 preserve your loyalties to the lndu8- lrlnl polluters who bought your ticket to Washington, not to the people who suffer most from the fouling of our ulr and water. This Congress 18 supposed to rep­ I " 4 I I ' I resent "the people." Buf the fact Is that 11 represents the Interests or some. peo­ ple at the expense of others. It Is 'the working people and ull other exploited nnd oppressed Americans who nrc get­ ting short shrift from this ninety-third Congress. In fact, this body is nbout us un­ rcprescntntlvc as It could be. Take a look ut the Senate. It Is nll mule, ...... und with the exception of Scnutor Ed­ ward Brooke, nil white. This "house of representatives" Is 97 percent male, and less than four percent Black! How can this Congres11 claim to represent the American people? Why, there nrc only two senators who nrc under 35 years of age, but two-thirds or the entire population is under 35, and the median age Is only .. 28 .

J ... . . -~ - - - - · ------·---,.,__.. --- --? 'Friends of labor' Nor nrc there any working-class

. . '"'" ~ ""'. ,.,. "" t ~-. ·· ~ , .. reprcscntntlvcs. Oh, I know there nre . plenty or so-culled friends of labor In these chambers, the kind of friends who vote for wage controls, the kind '. t who vote "In the nntlonul Interest" to brenk strikes. But where nrc the workers them­ selves? There nrc no uuto workers or secretaries here. Not to speak of unemployed, G Is, welfare mothers, or students. It seems ns though every­ one here Is either u lawyer or u buul­ ncssmun. As II mutter of fuel, It Ia hurd for me to understand how members of chases in the cost of feeding their presidential nomination, made sure he By LINDA JENNESS Congrcsa can even pretend to be con­ families have mnde the weekly crlsiH ~us out of the country on that day None of the congressional candldntcs cerned about the pressing problems nt the food murkct even more ucute. so that he wouldn't huvc to join that pu I up by the Soclnllst W orkcrs Party confronting the majority of the Amer­ The unemployed und their fumllicll protest. lust ycnr wns elected. That Is very Ican people. Senators und representu­ nrc despcrutcly looking for n wuy unfortunntc because It means thnt we tivca hnvc voted themselves $42,500 to defeat the president's plans to cut Kennedy's olive branch have to suffer through yet another In busc puy, plus fringe benefits worth s ocial wclfurc programs. Why, even Senator Edward Kenne­ term of a Congress composed entirely another $8,500. Your aulurlcs nrc Millions of citizens- the nntiwur ma­ dy, who likes to pretend he sides with of cnpltullst polltlclni1s. higher thnn those or 99.5 percent of jority- nrc hoping to sec n foreign the antiwar movement, lust December A few Soclullst Workers Party mem­ nil Amcrlcun tuxpuyers. policy that will bring nn end to the shocked mnny people when he de­ bers in Congress- even just one­ What do you cure ubout the quality poJicy of sending young men over­ clared that "there Is more good will would make a . big difference. Their of mcdlcnl cure, when us u member votes· might not be decisive, but you seas to Interfere In the affairs of other in Congress now toward Mr. Nixon o ~ Congress you cun gol free med­ peoples. They especially want to sec thnn perhaps nt nny time in p ~•bllc cun be sure they would huvc nn im­ Ical u lien tlon u t tux puyers' ex pens c. un Immediate and totul end to U.S. life." Kennedy said he would "extend pnct. No wonder Congress hasn't acted on intervention in Southeast Asia. the olive brunch to the Ufimlnlstrntlon For one th lng, nil the d lrty dents', the urgent crisis fuclng the health cure 131ack people, Chicanos, l'ucrlo HI­ In the coming Congress." the swindles, the rip-offs· and the "un­ Industry In this country! cans, und Asian-Americans arc very "I nm confident," snid this nmbltlous derstandings" between the cnpltnllst Many Americans hold the belief that concerned uboutthe continuing fnllure politician, "that we cnn close runks, politicians and the bunkers and busi­ polltlclnns nrc nnturully crooks. After or this government to luke action to und join towther in launching a new nessmen whose interests they go to nil, cnpltullst politicians lie and cheat Washington to serve would take place end raciul oppression. und effective ern of progress on every under the glaring spotlight of criticism And, us the courugcous and deter­ issue lhnt molters deeply to our peo­ from our soclnllst congrcsspcoplc and mined Oglala Sioux Indians ut ple." Wounded I

16 that-be in advance. They have pledged lstered by the Black co~mttnlty. to defend the Interests of the rullng The president now wants .us to re­ class, or they would never have won Institute the death penalty 'ror "ccr: N.Y. school bd. race the nomination of the capitalist parties taln" crimes, This Inhuman form or In the first place. punishment has been used primarily Of course, that Is not to say that aga.lnst Blacks, against Chicanos, and an "honest crook" would refuse to take against Puerto Ricans, while the District 1 parents run on a little ,something In the way of pay­ wealthy and the prlvllegea not only ment-"for the next campalgn"-if the stay out of death row but often avoid oU lobby, or the auto manufacturers,. prison altogether. Nixon's proposal community-control slate or Lockheed wants a particular blll to return to this savagery must be By DOUG JENNESS The slate has received the endorse­ app"roved without difficulty .. NEW YORK, March 13-Throughout ment of the Coalition for Education, defeated. I But. t,he biggest crime of· all com­ Even though the Equal Rights the Lower East Side petitioners are a group of parents, community activ- mitted by this Congress Is its refusal Amendment has not yet ·been ratiCled gathering signatures for eight mem­ Ists, parap'rofesslonals, and teachers to confront the needs of the majority -a fact that Is of great concern to bers of the community school board In ·District 1. The coalition Is helping of the American peo e with a mean­ women- there Ia ample legal author­ In District 1 who are seeking reelec­ out with the petitioning and is plan­ Ingful program. Ity, such as Title VII of the 1964 tion. They are Bertram Beck, Lyle ning to publish literature to help pub­ Mr. Speaker, neither the Democrats ClvU Rights Act, for strong legisla­ Brown, Pedro Cordero, Georgina licize the campaign. The signatures nor the Republicans have presented tion guaranteeing equal pay for equal Hoggard, Henry Ramos, the· Rever- must be filed by April 3. The election any plan to improve the lives of the .worlt, and equal educational oppor­ Is May 1. American people. Therefore, on. b~ tunities for all women. The eight candidates face fierce op­ half of the Socialist Workers Party, I wl)l also propose a blll to pro­ position from Albert Shanker, presi­ I am going to Introduce the following vide free child-care facUlties, on a 24- dent ,of the United Federation of legislative action program for this ses­ bour basis, available to all children. Teachers. In a Murch 1 letter to all U FT membcrs Shan~er nppculcd for sion. While my party has many mea­ And, s'ioce some states arc ,balking 1 funds to elect school board candidates sures II would like to see enacted, ~t the Supr.cme Court decision on approved by the U • T hierarchy. I would like to focus on these most abortion, let's enact a law guarantee- . urgent and Immediate proposals. lng every woman's ~lght to abortion. To protect Americans against the A conference to discuss how stu­ 'U.S. out of S. E. Asia!' dlilaster or prolonged Ulncss and the dents can 'help support the pro­ da.lly burdens stemming from Inade­ Despite the talk of peace, the U.S. communlfy-cpntrol slate in District remains committed to propping up quate. and unavailable medical care, the hated 'l'hleu regime and to maln­ my leglslntlon wlll socialize all the ! will be held at JHS 71 {6th taln.lng a base of operations for the health Industry, and provide free med­ . Street and Avenue B) March 31 U.S. In South.east ARiu. Let's cut· off Ical and dental care for all. beginning at 11 a.m. Luis Fu~ntes I J/ all support to the 'rhleu regime, und I am .proposing a bill to roll back lyle, Brown Joaa Gomolo1 and Miriam Gonzalez, president gel all the so-called civilian advisers all rents on apartments to a m axl­ ; of the Parents Council in District out of VIetnam. mum of 10 percent of family Income. 1, will be among the speakers. My legislation will Immediately or­ I further wUI move for the lmmcdl- . end Eric Snyder, Frunl< Suarez, uno Inltial sponsors are the Coalition der all U.S. ships, troops, and planes ate repeal of the '!'art-Hartley Act, and .June Tum. in out of all of Southeast Asia. In fact, all other laws restricting the rlgh I to They nrc all parents und are for Education District 1, LUCHA I propose the closing down of all strike and u ndcrm lnlng union Inde­ runtng Qn u program supporting (New York Uni~erslty), Union U.S. bases overseas, since those bases pendence. mor control by parents over the Estudlaotil Pedro Albizu Campos exist only In order to protect U.S. Federal lcglalallon Is desperately sch Is In the district. The district Is {Queens College), Puerto Rican business Interests and to protect un­ needed to halt the destruction of the prcdomlnuntly Puerto Rlcun, with Organization {York College), and large Black • and Chinese minorities. popular governments from their own environment. I am· proposing a 10(} the Young ·Socialist Alliance. For people: percent federal tax on the profits of The ;lute Is campaigning to keep Luis Fuentes us the dlstrlcl's.supcrln­ more Information come to 105 The president has sent us a bud­ all Industrial polluters. Under this blll tcpdcnt. A prominent spokesman for A venue B' {between 6th and 7th get, which, he says, Is designed to all corporations will be compelled, un­ community control of schools In Black hold down Inflation. He wants to cut der the threat of confiscation, to In­ streets). stall pollution-control equlpmc'nt and and Puerto Rican communities, he wus back spcndln~ aimed at aiding the appointed by the board last year. He poor, the sick, and the unemployed. to ~eel standards set and enforced He mukes II clear thnt. these do not ~ut he wants· to Increase military by co!Jlmltl~cs of workers llJld con­ Include "community-control udvocutes spending. sumers. who hove funned. the llnmcs of con­ I do nqt accept Nixon's nasumptlon Finally, I am Introducing legisla­ flict In the pusl and who - If clcctccl that the muln job of the government's tion to abolish all tuxes on Incomes -will !JSC the full powers of the City flnnnclnl policy should be to max­ under $15,000 a year, and n 100 ngnlnt~t ).IS." He churges that In Dill · Imize the profits of the giant corpora­ percent tux on nil Incomes· over $:lO,­ trlct I "Luis Fuentes builds n tyrnnny tions. The Interest of' Amcrlcnn work­ OOO a year. Ofrnclsm nnd turmoil." ·· Ing people would best be served by Now, I know that mnny of you are At u fo'cb'. 28 meeting of Ul• 'I' mem­ repealing the Economic Stnblllzutlon convinced that such rudlcul lcglala­ bers In District I Shanker culled for Act, which gltrcs Nixon the authority tlon us I have described will never un oppositio n slate to the pro-com­ to control wages. To end lnflntlon, gel anywhere bccnusc It won't get sup­ munity-control cundldutcs. Claudio let's first cut off all funds to the Pen­ port. Well, It muy not gel support Tavarez, n 'pnrllprofesslonul In PS lagon, since war spending Is the chief from cupltnllsl polltlclnns. Dut when 63 and u UFT member, told this re­ porter thnl "one teacher asked Shnnl< · C~USC Of Inflation. the American people compare my pro­ Legislation I will Introduce will poanls for solving problems with ' the er If the touchers' problems would be make II mandatory for nil union con­ refusal of the Democrats and the Re­ solved by rCrTJOVlng Fuentes. Shank­ er replied, 'Yes. You gel rid of Fuentes tracts to Include cost-of-living -esca­ publicans to serlonsly confront these Joaa Gomola1 und thut bunch of nuts on the school lator clauses so that wages wUI go Issues, I believe that this program will Georgina Hoggard board and your probl~ms will be up with rises In prices. gain s~;~bstantl!rl support. solv!!d. Even If !he cluss size gets To combat unemployment, let's re­ And I believe that mllllons of people Is the ·city's first Puerto Rlc1w super­ blg~cr It will be worth II If we get rid duce the work week, at no reduction will be willing to join· the political Intendent. of Fuentes.' In pay, so that the work wlll be and social struggles that wlll be nec­ The eight cnndldntcs also support "This reully shows where Shnnkcr shared. essary to gel these measures enacted u $42-mllllon budget for the dlstrl~t. and curried out. The Socialist Workers more than )mice the present budget, stands -on Improving education," Tn­ I wUI submit a blll nuthorlzlng a v nrcz said. "It Is \}1tcrcstlng to note federal public works program pro­ Party wlll fight uncompromisingly un­ In order to mukc bodly· needed Im­ til these goals arc won. provements In the schools. These In­ that 72 teachers In District .I were viding jobs for all those out of work. uxcd lasf year by the bonrd of educa­ We wlll begin with a $20-bllllon crnah clude adding . more bilingual und bi- cultural programs. · tion us pnrt of Its budget cuts. Shank­ program -a fraction of what Is now er didn't lift n finger ubout it . But spent on Instruments of war -to con­ Although Fuentes und the b.purd nrc limited by lnndcquutc funds, they. Fuentes und· the board found money struct low-cost public h'ouslng. In their own budget to keep tncsctench­ This housing will be built In the proudly point to the gulns they huvc been able to make. or 11 new prin­ l!rS on. They feel that smaller class ghettos and barrios of the nation, siJle I~ Important." where the housing Is. worst. The type, cipals hired, In the lust six months, dcs'lgn, and locution of the. housing four nrc Puerto Rican and three arc Black. All were selected by parents. wUI be determined by the Blacks, Chi­ A free breakfast program has been canos, and Puerto Ricans who wUI established In all the district's schools. be occupying these new hou_scs. New blllnguul programs for both Preferential hiring ,Spanish- and Chinese-speaking stu­ dents were opened In 13 schools. I wUI Introduce a bill to require Sixty new 'Spnnlsh-speuklng tcuch- preferential hiring of Blacks and other ·cr!l and 16 Chlne'se-spcuklng teach­ oppressed nntlonnlitlcs, and women, ers were hired. They huv.e Insisted In all federally funded projects so us that no supervisory or pnruprofesslon­ to help overcome years of depriva­ ·al personnel be hired without the· up" tion and discrimination. provul of the parents In the school. In addition, federal funds wUI be The board is prevented by the 1969 allocated immediately to be channeled .:.. decentralization law that established Into the . Black communities to build Protesters in Washington, D. C., demand the community school boards from decent hospitals a,nd schools and other Congress act to halt cutbacks, Feb. 20, hiring, firing, or transferring licensed projects. These funds wlll be admln- 1973. teachers.

THE MILITANT/MARCH 23, 1973 17 N.Y. SWP blasts racist school boycott By HUGH MORGAN that's wliere most Bl'ack people are, · Eva Chertov, SWP candidate for city Chertov also attended a special can­ NEW YORK, March 13-Whether Gray said, "We need to build a pop­ council from Manhattan's District 3, didates' meeting at the GAA Firehouse Blacks are fighting for decent housing, ular front." was among the speakers at a M~rch Feb. 26. While she was not ln~lted againSt welfare cutbacks, or to gain Manhattan Borough President Percy 3 gay rights demonstration outside to be part a! the program because control of the schools In the Black Sutton and former State Assemblyman the Hilton Hotel. The action, spon­ she is not a candidate In the spring community, 'he enemies they confront Waldaba . Stewart also spoke at the sored by the Gay Activists Alliance primaries, Chertov pnrilclpated in the are the politicians of· the Democratic_ March 10 meeting. ( GAA), was called against the annual discussion from the floor. and Republican parties. That's what Earlier In the week Oliver visited Inner Circle banquet. Oliver was sch«;duled to testify at Norman Oliver, . Socialist Workers the Hunter College campus, where he Last· year's banquet of this "elite" two hearings on March 14 and 15. Party candidate for mayor of New helped campaign for Ruth Osmundscn, group of journalists and city officials The New York Human Rights Com­ York, told a March 10 meeting called the Young Soci.alist cimdldate for stu­ was marked by brutal assaults against mission will hold hearings March 14 by the Committee of Concerned Black dent government president. · GAA members who had come to dis­ on the appalling unemployment Activists to discuss the prospect of On March 8, Oliver and Maxine tribute a leaflet. The March 3 demon­ among Vietnam veterans In the city. a Black party. W!Ulams, SWP candidate for Brook­ stration also demanded that the city And hearings are scheduled for March Blacks need an independent party, lyn borough president, Issued a state­ council pass Intro 475, n bill to ban 15 on n proposal to end 126 years Oliver said, not connected In any wa ~ ment condemning the racist Cnnarsle discrlmlnntlon against ho'inosexunlsln of free schooling In the City Univer­ tp the Democratic or Republican par­ school boycott and calling upon all housing, employment, and public ac­ sity of New York colleges and charge ties. And, he emphasized, unlike those other candidates and public officials commodations. students tuition. two parties, a Black party must not to join them In supp9rtlng the- Black be a vote-catching machine. ~we need community's right to decide where a party," Oliver said, ~that will be Black children wl' ~ attend school. able to organize the struggles of the Black commu,nlty." Oliver also lssu d a statemen.t March .Jesse Gray, who has the New York 12 solldnrlzlng ' ith the struggles of Black Assembly's endorsement In his tenants orgnnlznt Jns throughout the bid for the Democratic nomination for city und cndorslr g the Metropolitan mayor, said he supp-orted Oliver's Council on HoUI lng' s Tenants' Bill Ideas "In principle." But, be auld, ~we of Rights. huve to be prugmatlc.~ Following the Joanna Mlsnlk, SWP candidate for· puth outlined by Oliver will leave ac­ city council president, joined n March tivists "Isolated like the Sociulist Work­ 6 demonstration demanding more and ers Party," Gray auld. better child-cure programs. Also on Arguing that It Is necessary to purll­ the picket line was · Congresswoman clpntc In the Democrullc Party because Belin Abzug. SWP candidate Eva Chcrtov spooks at March 3 demonstration. for goy rights

Real issues ignored in mayoral primar~- N.Y. Dems hide behind ~law & order' cry By DICK ROBERTS e Herman Budlllo, the South Bronx even n sent In the clubby U. S. Senate Mayor Lindsay's llbernl administra­ NEW YORK, Mar. 12 .-"Thosc who congrcssmun. Bndlllo "rcpcutcdly calls Itself. But Lindsay bus ecn In New tion bus utterly failed to come to grips nrc convicted or crimes of violence for more policemen on the bent," nc· York's law und order race u long with New York's pressing social needs .. have to go to jull. Ir they nrc drug cording to New York Times reporter time. The conditions nre worse now lhnn addicts, we huve to trent their ad­ Frunk Lynn. In presenting the city's capital bud­ they were eight years ugo. diction, but trent It In jnll. . . ." "The liberal Mr. aadlllo typifies the get lust month, Lindsay stressed "fight­ So what do these cupltnllst cnndl­ mood of the cundldutes when he de· Ing crime." "There con be no higher dntes do? They Ignore the real crimes sc ribes crime us the Issue of most priority," he / aid, "than the safely being committed every day by profit­ Dick Roberts is the 1973 SWP concern to city residents nnd cmphn­ of the city's citizens In their homes hungry bosses and rent-gouging land­ candidate for New York City slzes that the problems of crime und und on the streets of their neighbor­ lords. Instead they zero in on street the 'delivery of city services' provide hoods." crime, some of which is committed comptroller. 'u community of Interest among all Like Rcprcsentntlve Koch, Lindsay by heroin addicts. the pe0plcs of the city,'" Ly-nn reports. used to be known as u reformer of The clamor of the capltullst cun­ • City council President Sanford big-city politics. But now he "pulls dldntes for hcnvlcr punishment of drug New York's Republlcnn Governor Gurclll<. Formerly u chief Inspector the string~ and "supervises pnlronugc," addicts only underlines their Inability Nelson Rockefeller? of the New York Pollee Department, according to re­ to dcul with this problem. Imagine Phllndelphlu's Democrntlc Mn yor New York Times Garc nttucks the Lindsay ndmlnls· porter Murruy Schumuch. Llndsuy culling for beefing up the New York Frunk Rizzo? trntlon for n "simplistic" und "laissez· "proudly regards hlmuclf us 'u pro­ pollee force fo derll with uddlctlon when No, the spcukcr Is Munhuttun Dem· fuirc" nttitude lownrds crime. Gurellk fesslonul pollliclnn," suys Schumuch. II hus just been rcveulcd thnt the NYPD ocrnl Edwurd Koch. In the curly wus clecfcd to th e city council on Is th e biggest heroin peddler on rec­ Lindsay's 1969 tlcl< ot. ord! In fnct th e Llndsny udmlnlalru­ • Bronx Congressman Marlo Bi · Swing to right? tl on hus been adding to pollee rolls. uggl. Aluo u former cop, IJiuggl Is Times reporter Schumnch ponders nn outspoken rcnctlonary who wn s Lindsay's future course. "In n city bucked by the Conservutlve Party In nnd u notion swinging to the right," the lust congrcsulonul electi ons. Now suys Schumnch, "n mnjor polltlcnl Bluggl complulns, "All the other can­ problem facing Mr. Lindsay, an out- didates nrc tulklng mo re uboul lnw ... spoken llbcrnl, Is whul stnncc to us· and order thrm I urn." sumc. He vows he will remuln u pro· The mayor himself decided no t to gresslve, but Councilmen und other run ugnln this year. The risk of losing observers contend he Is alrcudy shift · unci conscc1 uenlly further Impairing hi s lng his position. ~ - chances for higher offices Impelled "Issues Huvc Moved to the Right LlndHuy to 11 lcp nuldc for the moment. for 7 Cnndldntcs for Muyor," n hcnd· New York's pro ~efs luke second ll ndsoy: 'supervises patronage' llne of another Times urtlcle stntcs. place when there Is ~ chance of Lind­ The author of the article says, ~crime, say gelling the governorship or maybe 1960s he wn s champion of the uilra­ community <;ontrol and the delivery libcrul Greenwich Vllluge Independent of city services nrc the 'In' Issues." Democrats. In IB66 Koch toppled And he adds, "Shoved Into the back­ Koch: 'low and order Is number one Carmine De Suplo us the Munhuttnn ground are the trndlllonul Issues of. issue' Democratic chairman. De Saplo wus recent New York mayoral cnmpnlgns one of the most powerful machlne­ -housing, poverty und minorities.~ polltlclnns In the country ut that time. But this Is wrong. But today Koch Is running for The dcterlorutlng condition of hous­ The only wny or climlnntlng drug mayor of New York. And like other Ing, the nbysmul poverty of hundreds addiction Is to elimlnute Its social Dcmocrntlc candidates to that post so of thousands of city residents, the roots. And these nrc the very condi­ rnr, Koch is making low and order oppression on nil levels of the Block, tions or poverty, unemployment, rac­ the number one campaign Issue. Puerto Rican, and other minority com­ Ism, und alienation bred by capitalism Asked ut u Feb. 13 news conference munities of New York are the key -that the cupltulist cundldntcs pretend about his former nltltude towurd the Issues of the muyorulty cumpulgn. are not Issues. Democratic Party machine, Koch said The luw and order race of the lib­ he would ~love" the support of Demo­ The capitalist candidates pretend ern! politicians ought to be nn ob­ cratic lenders. "Times hove changed," these arc not the main Issues becuusc ject lesson. "Boss righter" Koch once snld Koch. they don't hove any solution• to them. preached that capitalist parties and · Other candidates for the Dcmocrntlc The liberal facade Is being put on politics can be changed from the In­ mayoralty nomination Include: Icc right now becauae eight years a! aide. So dl~ Mayor Lindsay. Well?

18 Seattle socialist hits SWP sets campaign Nixon's media curbs for Philly Dist. Atty. By HELEN MEYERS media by the rich, Honts succeeded By JOHN NAUBERT . In this city who would support him SEATTLE, March 10- Socialist In turning the whole discussion PHILADELPHIA, March 11-The ag a in." Workers Pa rty mayoral candidate toward this issue. Questions from the Philadelphia Socialist Workers Party McArthur pointed out that Rizzo Craig Honts participated In a con­ audience and comments by John ofrlclally launched Its 1973 cam ~ gn tried, to smash the teachers union. This ference on "Threats to Freedom of Raye, the only Black panelist, Indi­ this week with a petition d rive to ga in would have set a precedent for the city Expression" as part of a week of nc­ cated agreement with Hoots's thesis. ballot status. administration In negotiations with tlvltles lending up to a cnm ~ lgn kick­ Ms. Efron claimed that the way to SWP district attorney candidate is other city workers and the local' off rn.lly here tonight. counter bins was to eliminate all gov­ Bruce Kaufman, a 23-year-old Transport Workers Union, both hav­ The conference was sponsored by ernment control of the media and· Jet Insurance clerk and longtime antiwar in g contra cts expiring soon. activist. Harvey McArthur, a 21 -year­ He went on to sa y that it did not old physics student at Temple Uni­ m utter whether the current office­ versity, is running for city controller. holders in city hall were Democrats To meet the requirements of Penn­ o r Republicans. They all united in sylvania law for ballot st a tus, so­ their a ttempts to bust the Philadelphia called minority parties a re undemo ­ Federation of Tea chers. cratically· required to obtain 8,400 McArthur said that the a ct ion of the signatures from registered voters of city administration was not an. iso­ Philadelphia. lated development, "Nixon is pla ying This week campaign supporters the same g ame. In fact, he coordinates ninde a good start on the petition it on n na tional level by handing bil­ drive and collected more th a n 5,000 lions of dollars to a useless military signatures. whi.le cutting to the bone funds for This week's pet itioning culminated welfa re nnd forcing working people in a dinner part;y held Sa turday even­ to pay for runaway inflation." Ing, March 10, ~ turing speeches by Ka ufman focu sed on the importa nce IOTE McArthur and Kauftu nn. of the recent Supreme Court ruling Craig Hanls at March 10 Seattle campaign rally ' Mililani/Shelby Harrla In his talk, McArthur emphasized that liberalized abortion laws. "This the valuable lessons of the recent victory obta ined by the abortion law Phllndelp[lin teachers S!rlke. "Many repeal movement wi.ll set an example the Washington Civil Liberties Union the "free market" determine what pro­ teachers just a few short months ago for WO!llen fighting against their op­ at the University of Washington g rams would be viewed. Honts asked had vigorously supported E>em ocratic pression." "As district attorney," he School of Communications. U this would not be merely turning Mayor Rizzo and helped to get him said, "I would prosecute those persons Honts first appeared on a panel over th e media completely to those elected," he · said. "Today I think It o r institutions who oqstruct women discussing the role of the Federal with the 'most money. Affronted, Ms. would be very hard to find a teacher from hn ving safe, legal abortions." Communications Commission In regu­ Efron replied that anyone who had lating the press. He condemned recent a massed a fortune should have the attempts by that a gency to use its "rig ht to s pend every jot and Iiddle licensing power to Intimidate local ot It anyway he sees fit." television stations that mig ht carry Wh en Honts a sked, "W ell, th en, what 200 hear Scherr on prog rams crltlcul of Nixon udmlnls­ rig hts do the poor In this country trutlon policies. He nl s o culled for have'?" Ms. Efron replied, to the th e protection and extens ion of reg u­ g roans of the uudlence, "T hey have lnt'l Women's Day lntlons guaranteeing equal tim e to the right to work." Other campaig n actlvltle!! during the all cundldntes for public office. By DUNCAN WILLIAMS dorsed the Scherr campa ign nt the week Included particlpntlon by Honts The following ufternoon, Honts par­ CLEVELAND, March 12 -"Our picket line. ticipated In u_ panel feuturlng T V and other SWP candldntes and cnm­ struggle us women Is for: certain im ­ Luter that same day, Scherr attended Guide editor Edith Efron, author . of pnlg n supporters In demonstrations portant demands and reforms, but It a hearing at Clevela nd city hall on Til e N ews 'noislers, a book on In support of the United Fnrmworkers Is also more," said Roberta Scherr, the plight of Vietnam veterans but boycott of Safeway Stores and the medlu bins. Bes ides Honts and Efron, Socialist Workers Party candidate for was prevented from ,:; peaking by the all other panelists were TV reporters, boycott of F uruh punts. mayor of Cleveland, while addressing bureaucrats of the N ntional Confer­ Including well-known Senttle news­ an International Women's Dny gather- ence of Mayors, who sponsored the custers Lloyd Cooney of K IRO, Brinn More !hun 70 supporters attended .Johnso.n of KOMO, and .John Rn ye th e rally officially launching the cam­ und Dun McG nffen of K lNG. paign tonig ht nod heard s peeches by The p u nel discussed bins In TV !-f o nts; Ol g a Rodriguez, socialist can­ news prog ramming. While the other didate for mayor of Los Angeles; panelists bemoaned the "liberal Demo­ Dorothy Hawkinson, Young Socialists crrltlc Party bins" of th e news, H onts for Honts cnndldute for student body pointed out the diJflculty th a t th e anti­ pres ident at th e University of Wash­ war movement, the abortion law re­ Ing ton; and Eric Huffman, candidate peal movement, and radical candi­ for city council. , dates have In getting their views nc­ Campaig n supporters donated more curut_ely reported In the news. than $1,000 in res ponse to a fund ap­ Stating that th e source of this diffi­ peal made by soclnllst cit y council culty Is th e private ownership of th e candidate Louise Pltell .

Fuchs fights for Austin ballot slot Roberta Scherr on demonstration In support of Indians at W By RICHARD STUART denie~ 18- to 20-yeur-olds their demo­ AUSTIN, March 9-Federnl .Judge cratic right to hold office and del'l led­ .Jack Roberts ruled today to uphold ull voters their right to vote for whom­ lng of nearly 200. "It Is n struggle hearings. The veterans In attendance, the decision of Austin's city attorney ever they thought best qua!Uied to for full liberation, which cannot be visibly angry over the handling of that burred 19-year-old socialist candi­ represent them. achieved under capitalist society. Our their grievances, responded favorably date for city council Steven Fuchs Roberts auld his ·ruling wus based liberation will require a total restruc­ to ~ he socialist candidate in informal from the ballot In the April 7 munic­ on u decision made by a. three-judge turing of .society- a socialist revolu­ discussion, and fo u r endorsed the so­ ipal elections here. federal court In his district lust Sep­ tion." cialist campaign. Roberts's decision came followin g tember, which upheld the Texas-wide Scherr spoke to the International Scherr has continued to campaign the presentation of n brief by Ameri­ age requirements. Roberts said he Women's Day celebration nt Case on campuses . and high schools In can Civil Liberties attorney Clifton could not override this decision, which Western Reserve University on March Cleveland and around the state. On Holmes. Holmes asked for a per­ will be appealed before the Supreme 10 and Inter led a workshop on "Femi­ Murch 7, she spoke to nn audience of m anent Injunction against the city's Court next fall . nism and Socialism" attended by IS 80 people nt the University of Cin­ printing election ballots without l;lolmes Is now discussing with the women. Fifty people at the meeting en­ cinnati on n panel with representatives Fuchs's name. Holmes cited the prece­ nntlonnl offices of the ACL U and the dorsed the socialist campaign. of the Black Workers Congress, Cin­ dent of a recent case in which n court Committee for Democratic Election On Murch 9, she had participated cinnati Peace Coalition, and the po­ ordered a so-culled underage candi­ Laws further legal moves in the case. on a picket line of 40 people at Cl eve­ litical writer of the Cincinnati En­ date on the Detroit city council ballot Fuchs's continued fight for ballot land State University to demand the quirer. The topic of the panel wns In 1972. status continued to be one of the most withdrawn! of federal marshals from "Is the Wnr in Vietnam Over?" Holmes said the Austin age require­ widely publicized aspects of the en­ Wounded Knee. In n statement, she During the week she also addressed ment was unconstitutional and that It tire city council campaign. called the demands of the Oglnln meetings at Cleveland Heights High Sioux, "totally justified," and stated School and n class at Cuyahog a Com­ her unconditional support for their munity College and appeared on the struggle. Four leaders of the Cleve­ .Jay Turner talk show on radio station land American Indian Movement en- WERE.

THE MIUTANT/MARCH 23, 1973 19 OUT OF THE CLOSETS Out of the Closets: Voices of Gay homosexuality us u "social pathol­ Liberation. Edited by Karla Jay ogy." and Allen Young. A Douglas Concern over tills attitude cun only give way to anguish and anger at Book. New York, 1972. 404 pp. reports ( Le Monde, Feb. 15) tilnt Cloth S7. 95, paper S3. 95. tile Cuban government's new draft This book is un illustrated anthology­ penal code actually provides for n of more than 50 urllclcs reflecting possible death sentence for homosex­ u generally rudicul view of guy op­ ual acts Involving coercion and lesser pression und liberation. Some hnvc punishments for ftostentutious homo­ nppcured elsewhere, and it is useful sexuality." Such blntnntly oppressive to now huvc U1cm all under one proposals, U enacted, would be u cover. step backward for the revolution, Among these nrc such standard und would weaken its support both documents of the guy liberullon ut home und ubroud. movement ns "The Womaa-Idcntified Young gives 11 fuscinuting and infuriating account of U1c dUficultlcs gays fucc in Cuba (how, for instance, THE a dozen mule and female guys lost their jobs at the Foreign Ministry ORIGINS OF Books because, n CP member expluincd, "these homoEexunls could not be Woman" by the Rudicnlesbinns, Curl trus ted since their loyalty to the revo­ MATERIALISM Wittman·~ "A Ga y Manifesto," and lution was weakened by the fuel that The Origins of Materialism by George Novack. Pathfinder Press. "Guy Is Good" by Murtha Shelley. the revolution wus opposed to homo· Others, such ns "The Closet Syn· New York, 1972. Third Printing. 300 pp. Cloth S6. 95, paper S2. 95. drome" by Stuart Byron and "Rapping With u Street Transvestite Some 2,500 years ago the first known philosopher, Thalcs, tded to Rev olutio nary," ure published here explain reality through the usc of reason, without recourse ts gods, for the first time. spirits, or myths. He founded the first philosophical school, "thut of Like most anthologies, this one is the Milesian ftnnturnlists.ft Aristotle Inter wrote that these naturalists "thought the principle of nil things was in the form of mutter alone. uneven. It ranges from the som.r- timcs compelling description of n lesbian's • efforts to relate her homosexuality to Although others before the Greeks ·had made discov~rics ubout the the women's movement ni n time nu turul order and its processes, the Greek philosophers were the first when the Iutter preferred to ignore to develop u systematic body of thought attempting to provide rutionul ex plana lions for natural events and their origin. The Greeks were the it ( Ritn Mac Brown's "Take !l Lcs· bian to Lunch"), to the informa tive first to separate the explnnution of tile world about them from magic [. study "The Anthropological Perspec­ und religion, und they originated the concept of scientific knowledge I tive" by the Red Butterfly, to an in · 1; s opposed to religious belief. tcrview with a Black prisoner ("Sissy The Greek philosophers were also !hi! first to distinguish between in Prison"), to the program of the materialism and idealism. Mutcriulists believe mutter is the basic stuff New York Third World Guy Revo· of the universe from which other things originate; that nature exists j lutlO{I. to the utterly vacuous soul- independently of any human or dh(inc intelligence; nnd that mind bcur-illg of "My Gay Soul" by Gary docs not exist apart from mutter, which precedes it und determines AliJ~ dcr . its limitations. TI1c materialist outlook is basic to Murxism. One of the most interesting contri­ This outlook is countcrposed to all forms of philosophlcul idealism, lmlions for me wat~ Allen Young's autobiographical "Out of the Closets, Into Ute Streets." In it he truces "the Books swift coming together of the personal and the political" th at occurred nt the beginning with religion. Idealists hold !hut the basic nature of reality end of U1e sixties fo r so many guys is not mutter, but mind or idea. who were active in the radical move­ The earliest Greek philosophers developed their materialist ideas us ment but wh o t~c activity required alternatives to the traditional explanations offered by religion. J\s them . to hide their homosexuality. Heraclitus snld, "This world, which is the same for all things, was It is the dramatic merging of thet~e made by no god or mun." two clements that characterizes so Since the concept of matter us un abstruct category had not been much of the guy liberation struggle developed yet, the first materialists assigned the role of the primeval today. And it is the uttcmpt to seck substance serving nil the basis for natural evolution to specific clements wa ys to comprehend nnd strengthen they were fumlliur with. Thales, for Instance, designated water us the that unio n that pervades tf1is bool<. basic clement from which ull others originated. The book contains no hint of a de­ In 'JYw Origi11s of Materialism the render gets not only un explana­ sire to justify homosexuality or gay ti ~ n and appreciation of the idcus of the Greek and Roman materialists. it?), liberation (why should but It also shows why philosophy developed when it did, what the social rather reflects the groping of rudicul preconditions for this revolution in human thought were, and how guys for an explunution of their op­ Mllltont/Howotd Pottle~ the class struggles of antiquity affected the evolution of philosophicnl pression und of how their struggle ideas. fits into the struggle of all !he op­ Clearly, the commercial life of the seafaring traders of Asia Minor pressed. sexuality"), and of his own contra­ is reflected in the statement by Hcrnclitus that ftull things arc exchanged Editors Jny and Young have done dictory emotions-"love for the for fire, and fire for all things, . just us goods for gold and gold for n scrv icc by including a section on Cubun government's courageous op­ goods." The Greek merchants encountered different societies, customs, Cuba. TilC Cuban revolution helped position to U.S. dominance, hatred und peoples. Their fur-ranging commerce was an important factor in radicalize n whole wave of Ameri­ for the same government's cruel op­ the development of u leisure class with sufficient breadth of outlook can youU1 in the curly sixties. But pression of my guy sisters and broth­ and experience to begin the process of spcculntlon und gcncrulizutlon guy radicals always found their en· ers." !hut led to the birth of philosophy. thusiasm tempered with concern over 11tc book's Cubu chapter also in­ Novack explains tile intcruclion of idealism und materialism, schools the regime's antihomosexual policies cludes u "Letter· From Cuban Gay of thought tilut developed in the course of mutual polemics. He also -low points of which were the "work People to the North American Guy describes the social functions fulfilled by various ideologies bused on camps" to which gays were sent in Liberation Movement" and responses these schools of thought. Plato, for example, was un Ideologist of class the mid-sixties and the statement, re­ to U1c cultural congress statement by society, and the higher standing Iuter accorded tile Gx;eCk idculisls printed in this book of the First Na­ the Guy Revolution Party and the compared witil tilut of U1e Greek materialists was pnf tlY due to U1c llonnl Congress on Education and Guy Committee of Returned Brigad­ reliance of Christian tilcology on Idealism. · Culture in I 971, which characterized istus. -DAVID THORSTAD The division between materialism and Idealism is not only of interest to philosophers. It has been reproduced In the battles of science against religion, sclentUic against utopian eochillsm, and Marxism against unurchlsm. The Origins of Materialism Is wortil reading us u fus­ clnutlng example of tile muterlullst approach to tile history of Ideas, but also because tile attempt of tile first philosophers to help free hu­ munHy from dependence on tile lrratlonui was tile beginning of a strug­ gle that we nrc still involved in today. -DAVE FRANKEL

20 By NANCY COLE get cutbacks- and sold 57 copies of two weeks' MARCH 14 - Four areas made or exceeded their issues. quotas In sales of the March 9 Militant last week. Despite a weok filled with rainy days, San Diego AREA SOlD WEBCLY SOLD Houston set the pace for the third straight week sales jumped 62 this week, surpassing their quota GOAL PREVIOUS by selling 400 Militants and then Increasing their LAST of 200 by 45. They report that they had also WEEK 'X. · WEEK quota to 500. made their quota the previous week, although Providence 50 20 Most Houston campuses were closed last week, 2so I • I the scoreboard was compiled before they knew Houston 400 325 123 (400) but they made up for this by stepping up sales the final results. San Diego 245 200 123 (206) at other locations. Seventy were sold at factory The Providence YSA went well over its g oal Lower MonhaHon 325 325 100 (281) gates and pay Hnes, and they plan to contlnue by selling out the week's bundle of 30 and then Cleveland 240 250 96 (215) to regularize this area of sales. selling 20 back issues. St. Cloud 19 20 95 ( • ) The Lower Manhattan Socl!illst Workers Party At least two areas are combining canvassing Amherst 23 25 92 ( • ) and Young Socialist Alliance made their quota for local SWP candidates with sales of The Mil­ Atlanta 227 250 91 (219) of 325 for the second time. SWP sales director itant. Canvassers In the Oakland/Berkeley area Washington 220 250 88 (210) Ron Wolin reports they have started Friday night are going door-to-door In the Black community Brooklyn 250 325 77 (178) and Sunday sales. and the student community around the univer­ Denver 165 225 73 (180) Last Friday afternoon, for example, they still sity talking about the campaign, distributing lit­ St. louis 25 35 71 ( 20) had 80 more Militants to sell to meet their quota erature, and selling Th e Militant. Austin support­ Austin 140 200 70 (179) and only one day to do II ln. With a Militant ers arc doing the same thing in the Olack housing Oakland/Berkel ey 349' 500 70 (303) Forum scheduled for that night, they ·began diB ­ projects. Detroit 241 350 69 (230) patchlng teams of YSAers and SWPers as they Sales of th e March issue of the International Chicago 310 500 62 (322) came to the forum hall after work and school. Socialist R eview featuring th e article "Women's Seattle 151 250 60 (142) At a number of street corners close by they sold Rights Vs. Catholic Dogma" also went well in New Polt1 20 35 57 ( 20) 40 Militants. many areas last week. Seattle sold 35 ISRs at College Pork 25 50 50 ( • ) On · Saturday, they set up an SWP election cam­ their abortion tribunal, and San Diego sold 40 Boston :238 500 48 (184) paign table In front of a supermarket, displayed ISRs last week. Boston sold 4 l of the Februury Son Francisco 240 500 48 (232) Militant articles- on Malcolm X and Nlxon's bud- and March issues last week. Twin Cities 174 425 41 (160) Upper West Side 133 The total number of Militants sold by those 325 41 (191) Portland 80 200 90) areas reporting In for the March 9 issue is only 40 ( Bould e r 25 40 more than the prev ious week. Initial reports 65 38 ( • I los Angeles 160 29 (150) on sulcs of the March 16 Militant, however, with 550 Philadelphia 77 275 28 (206) th e banner headline on Wounded Knee, indicate TOTAL SOLD LAST WEEK 4,552 an excellent response. I• or instance, Uppe~ Wes t GOAL 7,000 Side SWPers and YSAcrs In New York sold 203 ( • no report) copies on Saturday alone, ~nd Sun Fruncisco had sold 400 as of Monday. While this will give a boost to th e spring sales I WANT TO TAkE A SALES QUOTA OF.__ _ campaign, this momentum will have to be sus­ ------tained lf we ure to meet and surpass our national Please send me n weekly bundle of ( 12 .5 ce nt s/ goal of 7,000 sold ¥ch week by the end of May. copy, payabf'e after you sell th em): 5 10 25 Many Militant supporters sell bundles of The Other Militant each week that nrc not included in the Name ______weekly sales scoreboard. These people are en­ couraged to take we~ kly sales quotas so that they Addres s --~------can be listed on the scoreboard. New readers arc City ______State Zip ____ Mililani/Skip Ball also encouraged to take bundles and sales quotas. 14 Charles Lane, New York, N. Y. . l0014

YS teams on road; need. funds . Young Socialist sales drive moves ahead By MARK UGOLINI young people w.llh revolutionary socialist Ideas." of the time we don't even 1 have to give n sales At the halfwuy point, the drive to incr-ease Young The April Issue will Include firsthand reports pitch. People are Interested In it because of Its Socialist bundle sales has made significant pro­ on the Indian struggle at Wounded Knee, coverage coverage on the stud~nt movement." gress. Launched at the twelfth Young Socialist of coming YSA student government campaigns, At Muhlenberg Cbllege in Allentown, Pn., the national convention last Novemberi the sales drive and an interview by Andrew Pulley with lending Philadelphia-D. C. team convinced the student coun­ Is lmep a reaching a bundle circulation of 10,000 activists In the Detroit struggle against STRESS, a cil to pass n resolution supporting the Committee by May. special police unit terrorizing the Black community. to Defend Bubak Znhrale. Znhruie is an Iranian Jerry Fr lwlrth, YS business manager, reports, Those Interested In selling the YS can write to student living In the U. S. who Is threatened with "As n result of a major effort to step up YS sales Box 471 Cooper Station, New York, N.Y. 10003, deportation. over the last few months, the total bundle circula­ or contact the nearest chapter of the Young So­ Aside from selling The Militant and the Young tion has grown from 5,711 In January to 8,071 ill cialist Alliance (see the Socialist Directory on page Sociali t, team members have held forums on the March- an Increase of 2,360 copies, or more than 22). situation; In Southeust Asia, on "Feminism and 4 1 percent. Socialism," on the Black liberation struggle, on "Our experience so far has shown the YS can be By DELPFJNE WELCH "How to Make n Rcvol lion," and other topics. sold nearly anywhere, but especially on the cam­ Nine Young Socialist teams nrc now on the road! The teams now on the road nrc Boston, New puses and the high schools through consistent Next week three mo re will join them for n total York, Philadelphia-D. C., Atlanta, Clevelund­ and well-organized sales." of 12 . Detroit, Austin-Houston, Denver, Los Angeles-San ProgreRs so far in the drive Is attributed to a Although the first teams left only n week ago, Diego, and Oakland/Berkeley-San Francisco. number of major Increases In bundle sizes from th ey nrc already hard at work . The Cleveland- Although muny teams have already begun th ei r locals of the Young Socialist Alliance. In addition, Detroit teum Is lending in sales of the Young So - travels, fund s are urgentl y needed to ensure thnt the YS business office has received bundle orders cialist and The Militant. In th ei r first week the they will nil be a ble to stay o n the roud for the for the March issue from more than 20 new arena, team sold 200 Militants and 165 Young Social- full eight weeks. Including Salt Lake City, Utah, and Corvallis, isis at Ohio University In Athens and signed up Please clip the coupo n below nnd mnil n check Ore. one person to join th e Young Socialist Alliance. today to the Young Socialist Teums Fund. · The pacesetters for the sales campaign so far Selling the Young Socialist and The Militant ...._ have been two New York City YSA locals. The is the primary activity of all th~ teams. The lni- · ------Lower Manhattan and Brooklyn locals have both tlnl gonlls for each team to sellnt least 150 Young ! · j ~ ~ taken March bundles of 450 and are already re­ Socialists and 150 Militants each week. Tlze Mil- ______..,!'-:j··=·==~-~------porting brisk sales on New York campuses. Also, itant will regularly report on the progress of the SO ss a total of nine YSA locals Increased the size of their teams. ' 566 $10,000 March YS bundles by 100 copies or more. Evan Cohen, captain of the Au stin-Houston ( ) t con contribute to tho S10,000 YS Teams Given the success of the sales d rive until now, team, reported that in their first two hours at Fund. the YS business office Is planning a major push to San Antonio College in Texas, they sold 78 Mil­ ) I con provide food and housing, set up~ speaking break the back of the drive through large Increases itants and three people asked to join the YSA. e ngagement or interview, or otherwise help o team In bundle orders for the April Issue of the Young In just n few days, the Los Angeles-San Diego vi siting my area. Socialist. "On a national scale," Frelwlrth reports, team sold 128 Young Socialists. Salm Kolls ex­ Nome------"we want to try to get as close as possible to or plained that "most of th~se were sold going door­ Address';..------­ surpass our goal of I 0,000 through our April In­ to-door In the Santa Barbara dorms and in Isla City State Zip __ creases. The sooner we reach the 10,000 figure, VIsta, the area where most of the students live. YS Teams Fund, Box 471 Cooper Station, Now York, the more effective we'll be this spring In reaching We've found that the YS Is very easy to sell. Most N. Y. 10003.

THE MILITANT/MARCH 23, 1973 21 PHILADRPHIA WONAAC's Internntlonnl Women's January 1971. Pollee announced thai A TWAJI. OF IIIIOII:EN T'UAnES. THE INDIAN UIIERA­ Dny rally wns a tCIItlmony to those both 8 pollee board or inquiry and nON MOVEMENT. Panel: OOO

22 · Most newspapers just talk about the wodd- the YOUNG SOCIALIST is out to change it e Th e YO UN G SOCIALI ST focuses on th e strugg les of young people today. Ar ticl es In the M orch ~ss ue Include: " Why Vie tn am .Agreeme nts Wil l Not Bring Peace ." " Navy Frames Block Ki tty Hawk Sailors." "Historic Abortion Vi ctory ," " Why I' m Running for Mayor of Cleveland," and " De nv e r Stud e nts Protest Cutbacks."

) E n ~ l o se d is S I for six month s of th e YS- six Iss ues ) Enclosed Is S2 fo r one year of th e YS - ele ve n Iss ues ) Please se nd me o bundl e of_ YO UN G SOCIALI STS o month to se ll . Bill ( ) S1 for three months of Th e Mil itant. me 12.5 ce nt s each. ( ) S2 for th ree month s of Th e Mil itant ) Se nd me o fr e!J In troductory copy of th e YS. and th ree month s of th e Int e rnational Socialis t Review. ( ) S5 for one year of Th e Militant. ( ) Sl .50 for six mo nt hs of Th e Militan t for G ls. N ome ______-L ------~---- ( ) New Address ______~ ------( ) Re newal Cll y ______Stote ____Z ip ______NAM E------ADDR ESS ------­ CIT Y------STATE ------ZIP -- YO UN G SOC IALI ST, Box 47 1 Coope r St lio n, New York, N. Y. 10003 14 Charles La ne, New York, N. Y. 10014

Why have so mony revolutionary uprisings res'ulted i n dele s? How can re volutionary socialists, still small in numbe rs today, build mass revolutionary parties which can load future wor~i n g - cla ss struggles to ) Enclosed is $1 Jar 3 months of theiSR. victory? · ) Send me 1 yCJO r of th e IS~ for $5. Trots~y' s Transitional Program , drawing upon hi s e ntire life experience as an international revolutionary leader, presents a method for ma;' Name ______Address ______bilixing th o oppressed around demands suited to th e ir immediate noocl and loading toward the elimination of th e root cause of the ir opprr City State Zip- - -- sion, capitalism. Central to current di scu ssions on th e strategy Jar wor d­ . International Socialist Revi ew, 14 Charles lane, N. V., N.Y. 10014 wid o revolution, tho Transitional Program is ess e ntial reading for r av­ olutionists .

Thi s volume al so contains tho transcripts of di scu ss ions with T rol s ~y on tho Transitional Program and two examples of the application of the transitional approach to today's struggles: A Transitional Program for Black Liberation and A Stratogy for Re volutionary Youth. Notes, Index. 223 pp., $6.95, pb~ $2 .45.

Writ e for our fr oo 1973 catalog: Pathfinde r Pross, In c., 410 Wost Stroot , N o wYor~ , N.Y. 10014 Tol. (212) 741 -0690

NIXON'S WORLD STRATEGY THE ROLE OF MOSCOW AND PEKIN G PROSPECTS FOR THE VIETNAMESE REVOLUTION Join the Young $ocialist Alliance by Barry Sh eppard and Dick Rob ert s. 25 ce nts. IF YOU SUPPORT: SoH-determination fo r Vi e lnameBioc~ and Chicano liboratione Wome n's liborotioneWo r ~ o r 's struggl es for a beHe r lifeeRe volutionary struggles Order' from : PATHFINDER PR ESS, 410 Wes t Stree t, Q w York, in Ireland, Pal estine, Angola, and around th e worldeThe fight for socialist de­ N. Y. 10014 Tel. (212) 741 -0690 mocracy in China, USSR , o{ld Easte rn EuropeeA socialist Am orica .. . . JOIN THE YOUNG SOCIALIST AlLIANC E!

Th e YSA Is a re vo lut io na ry soci al ist organization fa r you g people who wa nt a n a lt ernativ e to th is decaying society . A total transfo rma tion of society and th e construction of soci ali sm Is what the YSA Is fig hting for. If you ant to work r for a re volutionary change, join th e YSA. · TeaiDster Genocide Against ) I want to joi n th e YS . ) I wo ul d like more Information about the YSA . Rebellion the Indians ) Enclo sed Is S1 for 6 month s (6 Iss ues) of th e YO UNG SOCIALI ST. by Farrell Dobbs/S2.25 pape r; S6 .95 by George Novack clo th . AddrNam e------ess ______~------______------_ $.60 A Monad Press Book. Dis tribu ted by PA THFINDER PRESS, 4 10 West CitY ------State ______Pathfind er Press, 410 West St. , New St. , N ew York, N. Y. 1001 4. Zi p Phone------= Yo rk, N. Y. 10014.

YSA, Bo x 47 1 Cooper Stat io n, New York, N. Y. 10003 (212) 989-7570. - ' ~

THE MIUTANT/MARC H 23, 1973 23 THE MILITANT Pledge to continue.fight ~ainst 'STRESS' Detroit memorial held for police victims DETROIT, March 11 - More than men!, his concern with the drug prob­ In December of 1969 Lockett and Dixon pointed out that struggles 700 people, overwhelmingly Black, lem, and his Identification with African Bethune j olned the now-defunct All­ against oppressive conditions by the packed a memorial meeting for John liberation. Her remarks were well re-­ African PeoplE(!! t' Union. From then .Black community always came up Percy Boyd and Mark Clyde Bethune ceived. on they were close associates untll -against the pollee departmenl "Broth­ March 7 at Wayne State University. Ronald Lockett, a coordinator of the day of the fateful shoot-out In ers John and Ibo made It perfectly Boyd and Bethune were killed by the Coalition to Abollsh STRESS, December of 1972. L'}ckett's call, at clear for us that Black people cannot Atlanta pollee In late February. They which sponsored the meeting, spoke the end of hls speech, to continue the rid our communities of dope, rid our were neelng a massive pollee man­ next. Lockett was a close friend and struggle· as Boyd and Bethune would communities -of pollee terror, rid our hunt after a December shoot-out In political collaborator of Bethune, have wanted was met with a standlng, comm unlt!es of raclst education, rid which a number of Detroit pollee were known to friends by his African name cheering ovation by the crowd. our communities of racist slumlords shot. A third Black man, Hayward "Ibo." Maceo Dixon, coordinator of the und slums without having to confront Brown, was captured by Detroit po­ Lockett recalled lbo's long politlcnl Black Commission of Inquiry, spoke the pollee department and the rulers llee. history. WhUe a student at Central next. His speech, Interrupted n num­ of this city." Detroit police and the mass media High he joined SNCC. Later he helped ber of times by applause, drew a po­ Their struggle showed, he said, that here tried to whip up a racist mood form the Detr.olt chapter of the Black litical evaluation of the strengths and a first step In ·fighting such conditions by picturlf\& .the three us "mud dog Panther Party. Still later he was a limits of the struggle of Boyd, Brown,_ ls to organize to "politically lie the kUlers" and dope pushers who shot deleg.ute to the founding convention and Bethune against dope, and em­ hands of the pollee," to "politically and kllled policemen of the special of the Republic of New Africa In De-­ phasized the lessons that could be handcuff the pollee." STRESS ("Stop the Robberies- En­ troit.' learned for future struggles. This must be u political, rather than joy Safe Streets") squad, which was a mllltary struggle as the three "protecting" the Black community from ·thought, Dixon explained, because al­ the heroin trade. though there are more- than 400,000 Blacks In the city and only 4,000 This hysterical campaign was or so cops, the three were isolated. shown to be u tissue of lies as the He said, "As they were carrying out truth came out that Boyd, Brown, their antidope campaign the majority und Bethune were antidrug activists. of us didn't know anything about It­ All three nrc 9ow widely admired In - they were Isolated from the masses the Black community. of our people." The Wnync memorial, held in the The first step In handcuffing the po­ University Center 13allroom, wns the llee, Dixon said, Is winning over the largest political meeting on the cam­ Black community to seelltg the real pus since the massive May 1970 stu­ role of pollee and · the STRESS unit. dent upsurge, according to movement Untll the recent events, he Indicated, uctiv ists. The crowd represented u many Blacks supported the STRESS cross section of the Black community, unit, mistakenly thinking It existed to with mnny . mlddlc-nge und older protect them. No campaign to abolish Blacks, young workers, unci college STRESS can succeed untU the Black unci high school youth. Relatives of community Ia clear on Its nature, he: the slain men were present. pointed out. Melba Boyd, sister of John Boyd, "The process of educating the com­ u student nt Michigan State Univer­ munity took a big step forward with · sity, recounted her brother's history · the Black Commission of Inquiry Into of Involvement In the Black move- Conlinuod on pogo 22

Democrats, Republicans- ~Two-headed _ monster' Chicano runs for office in Chicago's 7th C.D. CH lCAGO- Angel Moreno, the chair­ Democrats and the Republlcnns "have "The Yankees have designated our nominating _petitions to get Moreno man of the Illinois Ruz~t Unlda Party, a long history of not representing the role us a permanent source of cheup on the ballot. Because bnl:r a small is waging an active campaign for the Latino population of this country, the labor for this economic system. Not number of Chicanos nre teglstered, .June 5 special election In Chicago's Spnnish-speaklng population in this satisfied, they use us as cannon fodder this is an extremely difficult -under­ 7th Congressional District. Moreno is country." in fighting their imperialistic wars." taking. running uguinst Democratic and Re­ The 7th C. D. includes many cam­ More than 6,000 signatures- 5 per­ Felipe A guerra, Moreno's campaign publican party cundidales. puses, nnd most of the active backing cent of the registered voters in the manager, points out that the Republi­ "The tw o-party system that should for Moreno's campaign has come from district- are needed on independent cans and Democrats are automatically he our guarantee of fair nnd equnl st'udent organizations. Support h!\S allowed on the bnllot. ~This Is just one represer:~ation has become a two­ come from the Organization of Latin of the barriers that keeps us down h ea ded monster bent o n our enslave­ American Students (OLAS) on several politically," he snld. "The Razu Unldn ment and exploitation," Mor$!nO says. campuses; El Cuudro, at the U of II- , Party will challenge this to tile end." The 7th C. D. encompass'es the down­ linois Circle Campus; and the .Latin A lawsuit Is plnnned to overturn this town "loop" area, and Chicano, Puerto American DefenBe Orgnnizntlon (LA­ undemocratic requirement. Hicnn, and Black communities. Sixty­ DO) . Although Moreno is a weH-known ­ five percent of the district's population LADO wus active In the recent strug­ Raza Unida Party lender, and the is Black, and 20 to 25 percent is Chi ­ gle at Tuley High School, where the campaign Is being run out of the office cano and Puerto Rican. predominantly Chicano and Puerto of the RUP, Moreno is not running as The special election has bee n culled Rican student body ousted the princi­ a candidate of the Ruzn Unida Party. to fill the sent left vacant when Con­ pal they said wus n racist. Moreno His campaign is sponsored by the gressman Ceorge Collins, u Black actively supported the Tuley struggle. "People for Moreno Committee." Democrat, was killed in a plane crush. Moreno and other nctivl.sts of the Moreno supporters apparently feel that The Democrntic Party machine of Rnzn Unidu Party were also among this Is the best way to get a round the Mayor Hichard Onley hns endorsed the main supporters of th~ d.an. 20 problem of running a campaign that Collins's widow. Curdiss Collins. for antiwar action In Chicago. Moreno is oriented primarily to Chlcano!l;, but the seat. spoke at the rally, linking up the strug­ Is for an office representing a district A primary election will be held April gle In VIetnam to the struggle of Chi­ in which Chicanos are a minority. 17. But ~oreno, who is running us canos and Puerto Ricans .hr the U.S. Nonetheless, they state that their main an Independent, is not participating in ~while our fellow campeslnos, work­ objective In this campaign is to lay the party primary. Moreno Is u'rging ers, women, children, and students are the basle for building a stronger Ruza voters not to vote in the primary, since being massacred In VIetnam," Moreno Unldu Party In Chicago. by doing so they forfeit · he right to told the antiwar demonstrators,_ "our For more information on the cam­ sign independent nominating petitions Raza too Is being massacred. and op­ paign, contact the People for Moreno to place him on the ballot. pressed In this country and in Latin Angel Moreno marching Committee, 3424 W. 26th St., Room Moreno points out that both the America as well. war demonstration In Chicago. 205, Chicago, Ill. 60623.

24 A weekly international supplement to The Militant based on selections from Intercontinental Press, a newsmagazine reflecting the viewpoint of revolutionary socialism.

MARCH 23, 1973

study of the question, Natn'c Ri9hts Or us the prime minister s tutea-els•:: in Canada (published by the Indian­ where lust year: ". . If we were to Eskimo Association of Canada), lists tr y in any g overnment, tr y to undo seven major heads under which the the errors of our pas t and buy back treaties have been v iolated, beg lnnln,:: the past, we wouldn't have a nation, with the violation of natives' hunting we wouldn't have a country." Canadian Indians and fishing rights by white m en 's laws. Straight from the horse's mouth, us Following the Supreme C.:>Urt's re· it were- the leading s pokesman of the jection of the Nlshga appeal, Trudeau Canadian ;:apitalist class acknowl­ mobilize in struggle Is reported to have told Nishga chief edges that the state Is founded on vio­ Frank Calder that he now thought lence and injustice! the Indians have more legal rights to It is precisely this control by the their lund than he at first believed, but Canadian state over their li ves and for aboriginal rights he told the House February 8 that livelihoods that growing numbers of he still considers aboriginal rights to native people are challenging. Assert· !The following article first appeared Canada's native peoples- a corner­ be "a very vague concept." Indian Af­ ing their nationality us 'sovereign in Labor Challenge, a revolution­ stone of their attempts to fight off new fairs M lnister .lean Chretien, In a re­ peoples in their own right, based on ary-soc!alist biweekly published in encroachment on their lands threat­ cent interview with Toronto Star col­ their territorial claims, they are rL~ Toronto, Canada. ) ened by energy resource developments umnist Peter Desbarats, termed native jecting' the laws and prerogatives of The question of aboriginal rights like the Quebec government's James claims to aboriginal rights "legal and the profit-oriented white society as we Bay hydroelectric development, or the remains a burning Issue following the semantic disputes," stating, "I prefer know it. rejection by the Supreme Court of Projected Mackenzie Valley highway to look at the question In terms of "The Nlshga tribal claims, far from Canada January 31 of land claims by and pipeline in the Northwest Terri­ some sort of social compensation, not being resolved by the Supreme Court tories. Not only are many of the 250,- British Columbia's Nlshga Indians: related to any rights but to the social ruling, have helped bring to a head The N lshga tribe is claiming title 000 reserve Indians pressing for re­ disturbance that we are creating for the underlying issues posed by negotiation of their treaties, with their to 4,800 square mile~. of land In the native peoples." Canada's native struggle for self-de­ northern British Columbia, which the minimal [protective] provisions im­ Why are Canada's rulers so reluc· termination. The :\! is hga case arose provincial government- the target of posed on their ancestors by colonial tan! to acknowledg e the jus t claims because the previous Social Credit pro­ their legal suit- conceded they had a gents and the RCMP !Royal Cana­ of the native peoples, the mos t vincial g overnment denied the lndinn's occupied "since time immemorial.· The dian Mounted Police]. But there are oppressed of this society'! Trudeau ex · right to their lund. What -will be the case was regarded us a Iundmark 115,000 Indians, us wel1 us the Inuit pressed their cynical reas oning very response of the new N DP government test of native peoples' claims across ( Eskimos), and mixed-blood Metis, succinctly In his Vancouver s peech : in Britlsh Columbia"1 The :\!DI' who luck even the rudimentary pro­ Canada to compensation for lands "It's inconceivable, I think, that in a is · pledged by convention decis ion to tection of treaties. stolen from them by the white man given society , one section of the society respect natives' aboriginal rights. Their land claims were bol~tered b y as he colonized the continent. The have a treaty with the other section .\J L~ hga chief Frunk Calder, instrumen· federal officials at recent court hear· Nlshgas have never signed a treaty of the society. We must be all equal tal in tnking th eir claims to the courts, lngs in Montreal on a bid by the with the whites. under th e laws .. . I don't think that is a minister in the British Columbia .lames Bay Indians and Inuit for an or the seven judges who heard the we should enc ourage the Indians to cabinet. injunction to halt the $6 billion jmil­ case In Ottawa, three upheld the N ish­ feel that their treaties should lus t for· liurd j hydro project. The director of ga claim, arguing in part that the In­ ever within Canada so that th ey be Indian affairs nrc by i llW 11 federal the policy division of the Department dians' longtime occupation of th e able to receiv e th eir twine or their res ponsibility. But the llritish Co­ of Indian Affairs and Northern De­ Nass Valley was a proof of owner­ (.,TUn powder. They should become lumbia :\!DP government hus now velopment testified that no lund ces­ ship, and that Indian title was recog­ Canadians as all other Canadians. been hunded a magnificl'nt o ppor· sion treaty has ever been signed be­ nized In George Ill's Royal Proclama­ "If we think of restoring aboriginal !unity to take the lead 11n this question. tween the District of Unguva's 6,000 tion of 1763, which forbade private rights to the Indians, well, what about to respond by putting its weight un· Cree Indians andGInuit and any gov­ the French who were defeated at the conditionully behind the Indians ' de· persons to buy Indian lands. ernment, with one exception, and there­ Three judges turned down the Nish­ Plains of Abraham, shouldn' t we re­ munds, putting at their·dispos ul all the fore they have a firm legal right to ga appeal, saying that they were not store rights to them '! And what about resources of the prov incial government more than half the province. covered by the Royal Proclamation the Acudluns who were deported­ s o that they can win a victo ry for ull In the Northwest Territories, native shouldn' t we compensate for this?" native people In this country. 0 since the lands in question had come people- a majority of the popula­ under British control only in 184 6 tion- are mobilizing around demands with the signing by Britain and the that the government freeze all develop­ United States of the Treaty of Oregon. ment north of the 60th parallel (the which did not mention Indian rights. boundary with the southern provinces) The seventh judge's deciding vote until their lund claims are settled. against the native claim was based on The struggle for recognition of their a "technical detail" that the British aboriginal rights is uniting all of Columbia attorney general had not Canada's native peoples, treaty and authorized the case to come before nontreuty alike. For if aborig­ the Supreme Court. inal rig hts are denied, then what Is the While the Nishga spokesmen s aid status of the treaties which were based they would take the case to the World on the concept that the Indians had Court In The Hague, George Manuel. rights as original inhabitants? Tru­ president of the National Indian deau himself demonstrated this logic Brotherhood, said it was now up to when he told a Liberal party dinner the federal government to make the In Vancouver in 1969 that "we won't final decision. recognize aboriginal rights . .. and Asked the government position, this will mean that perhaps the treaties Prime Minister Trudeau referred to the shouldn't go on forever." 1969 White Paper, which dismissed In practice, of course, the existing aboriginal claims. treaties have been continually broken Tribal leaders on treaty signing day in Saskatchewan In early 1920s. Signing of treaties Yet the question of aboriginal and or not fulfilled by white capitalist was solemn ceremony in which white colonizers pledged in name of their monarch to treaty rights Is a vital one for society. The most authoritative respect native rights as first occupiers of the land. World Outlook W0/2

the Indian border. According to Chanda, the major part of this trade Is carried out by members of the constituent assembly­ or at least with their knowledge. (They On eve of first national elections nrc compensated for not notlclng.) This has now reached the point where even the pro-Moscow Communist par­ ty, which has supported the Rahman regime, says that the population re­ Corruption and repression gards membersh.lp n the constituent assembly and personal corru ptlon as synonymous.

in Bangladesh The Commercial Ripoff [The following article wus written be­ Furthermore, the Bengali peasantry jan [usurerj." Corruption and scandal nrc not re­ fore the Murch 7. elections in Bangla­ had ju-st gone tht:ough one of the most Questioned about the apparent con­ stricted to the countryside. In March desh. Incomplete returns as of Murch Intense polltlcul struggles of the co­ tradiction between the peasants' slt­ 1972 the government passed a series 9 guvc the Awumi League 290 of lonial world. It was armed, organized; uation and the economic plans of a of measures nationullzlng some enter­ the 300 scuts in parlinmcnt.j mobilized, and - most Important­ government that claims to be social­ prises (excluding foreign companies prepared to extend the revolutlonury ist, an Awaml League official told and ten estates). Foreign trade was mobilization ngnlnst foreign occupa­ Chanda that the regime had not yet placed under government control, spe­ tion to u revolutionary struggle to had time to "study the problem." By Jon Rothschild clflcally under the control of an out­ transform the soclul relations that But there must have been some fit culled the Trading Corporation of On Murch 7, ubout one year and have · Imprisoned Bengal In Its back­ study. The government has produced Bangladesh (TCB). The TCB vies three months after the defeat of the u plan for rural development during wardness. with the constituent assembly In the Pakistani urmy of occupation, Bang­ 1972-73. It deals exclusively with tech­ There was one further advantage. c'orruptlon derby. ladesh will h bld Us first nutlonul elec­ nical mutters, lnscctlcldcs, distribution Pakistani domlnntlon had blocked the Light Industry has also seen Its tions. Prime Mlnlstcr Mujibur Huh­ of uld, and so forth. It does not men­ development of nn East flenguli bour­ share of graft and corruption. Most · man's Awnml League is a shoo-ln. geoisie. The· bulk of what industry tion the problem of the debts the peas­ of the plants nutlo~allzed In 1972 by In fact, it Is not Impossible that the existed wns foreign-owned. So the ants owe the usurers. the Rahman government were former­ Awnml Lcngu'e wUI sweep nearly ev­ prospects for extending the revolution, One reason for this may be that ly owned by Pakistani capltaltsts. ery sent In the National Assembly. for erecting the dictatorship of the pro­ the usurer Is now likely to be a mem­ They were placed under the control Lenders of the League have claimed ber of the Awnml League. Another letnrlnt (supported by the huge mil­ of government officials, members of that their Impending victory Is a re­ Itant peasantry) on the ruins of the may be the fact that distribution of sult or the chnrismntlc presence of the the Awaml League who used that con­ old state apparatus, smashed com­ technical aid to the countryside ls an irol to enrich themselves. prime minister and the fuel that the pletely during the war of indepen­ Important source o raw mutcrluls for opposition h s been unable to arouse dence, seemed open-ended. the nourishing black market, which The flnngladesh Small Industries the Interest, let alone the support, of What wns lucking was n rcvolutlon­ In turn is controlled by enterprising Corporation, for example, was sup­ the people. Mujib's personal popular­ nry leadership. During the war, the Awaml Leag-ue accumulators. posed to dlstrlbu te cotton thread to Ity Is no doubt a real factor. But given Mukti Bnhlni (Liberation Forces) had The famine In the countryside, It weavers. Instead, the thread was sold the abysmal condltion of the country been led mostly by former officers should be noted, is entirely man-made. to profiteers, who sold It to other prof­ and the virtually complete failure of In the Bengali divisions of the Pnkl­ Phanl Bhusun Majumdar, the minis­ Iteers. When It flnnlly got to the wen v­ the Awnm I League even to begin to stnnl army. Polltlcul control rested In ter of food, had estimated that Bang­ ers, Its price had been lnnated several­ deal with the post-independence prob­ the hands of the Awuml League, which ladesh's grain needs for 1972 would fold. lems of reconstrucJion and develop­ under Pnkistnnl rule had been u petty­ total about 11.5 million tons. Nation­ Similar trading goes on with Im­ ment, the real explanation for the bourgeois opposition party. When the al production was reported as 10.2 port-export licences. The Awuml Awumi League's hegemony must be middle-class polltlcinns of the Awnml million tons. Even allowing for In- · League has sold these to speculators sought in the tactics· It has used to League found themselves at the head fluted figures, the deficit is not un­ who In turn sell them to others. In maintain Its grip. of the new government, they acted In bearable, and was theoretlcnlly made some cases the licences nrc sold over Chief among these nrc f'ruud, graft, nccordnnce with the chnructer, morals, up by aid from India and the United and over again but arc never actually bluck-t)'larkctcerlng, and careerism, and usplrntions of their class. And Stutes. used to Import the commodities they Alone these nrc insufflclcnt. When chui­ !18 wns pointed out long ngo, there The real explanation for the fum­ were supposedly Issued for. lcngcd, the Awam ~ League resorts to Is nothing more repulsive than 11 petty inc, Chanda noted, Is not even so When It Is remembered how the state gungsterlsm· und terror. bourgeois engaged In prim itlve accu­ much the domestic black market, al­ of Bangladesh came Into existence­ mulation. though that certainly does not help, throu{,': h a massive war during which When Awam' league Took Over but smuggling. This goes on, on u us many as 100,000 Bengalis were When the l'ukistnni army surren­ Thievery in the Countryside massive scale, In the provinces near armed and organized Into the Muktl dered ln l' tcccmber 1971, the prime tusk facln the new Bangladesh re- One of the Awaml League govern­ gime wu economic reconstruction. ment's first moves w 118 to enact an Yuhya Khan's army hnd. killed nt "ugrnrlun reform." It was ulmed at least u m II lion Bengalis during the stnblllzlng social relations In ihe coun­ nine-month war of Independence. The tryside and at dem orullzlng the peas­ rice crop had been cJ,cstroyed, and antry. It has been the government's hardly a bridge In the' entlrc country greatest success. remained standing. The major ports In nn article marking the first an­ were lmmoblllzed 'by the large num­ niversary of the end of the war of \ ber of ships that had been sunk or Independence of Bnngludesh, pub­ disabled during the war. lished In the December Issue of the The huge rural population Is con­ French monthly Le Mondc Diplom'a­ centrated In Innumerable small and tiquc, Nuynn Chnndn described the medium-sized villages, separated only "pessimism In U1e countryside": hy short dlstnnccs, but cut off by the "The only measures taken up to now rivers und therefore Isolated from one In this urea have been to abolish land another to u greater extent than the taxes on holdings less than 25 big­ distances would Imply. has [about 3.2 hectares, or just un­ The combination of the destruction der 8 ucresj and to llmlt individual of crops nnd the luck of w uter-truns­ famlly holdings to 100 bighas [about portntion links connecting the vlllnges 32 ucresj. Ncltl1cr of these measures with each other and the cities with seems to have transformed the coun­ the countryside therefore threatened u try's ugruriun system, still marked severe fum Inc. by absentee landlordism and exten­ On the other hand, the very back­ sive metuyuge [u system whereby the wardness of the country could have peasant pays rent In kind j. " provided u revolutionnry regime with Chanda quoted one peasant In the certain ndvuntuges In beginning to Mymenslngh district (north of Dacca): den! with ngrnrlnn and ndminlstru­ "What's It to us that the maximum tlve problems. The soil is extremely holdings are 100 blghus? We stUI have fertlJe, and the Bengali peasantry has to work just llke before In the burn­ nlwnys .displayed great resourceful­ Ing sun, In the mud, and under the ness In ovcrcom lng natural obstacles. monsoon rulns to CUI the storehouses .. Agriculture Is fur more resilient than of our landlords. We stlJI have to ~. industry In recovering from physlcnl pay... I 00 percent interest on the loans A little more than a year ago Bangladesh was victorious In Its independence struggle ogoinat destruction. we're forced to draw from the mnhn- was not extended to deal with tho social problems facing the mosses of Bengalis. W0/3

Bahlnl- It becomes Immediately ob­ !nate Its political opposition. ping of opposition nomln~ and ob­ Is n'ow using that situation to tighten vious that the Awaml League regime · The mainstay of the Awaml taining of signatures on withdrawal its grip by mass-based repression. could not survive solely through the League's mllltary forces Is the Jatlya papers from some of those wh"o flled The people have on many occasions force of Mujlb's personality. Rakkhl. Bahlnl (National Defense their nomlnatlon· papers at a number responded to the Awaml League re­ The first task taken up by the'Rah­ Forces). Armed with Indian rifles and of places, showed what the govern­ gime with some violence or their own. mnn administration at the beginning trained _by Indian offiCers, the JRB ment had up Its sleeve. He' forecast Lewis Simon reported In the December of 1972 was disarming the masses. Ia supposedly a law-and-order outfit. that as the elections came closer, things 18, 19.72, Washington Post that 550 The second was creating a progov­ In reality, It serves as an omnipres­ would be worse." Awaml League officials had been ernmen't armed force. A related -ne­ ent paramilitary squat! that takes over It Is hard to see how much worse kllled by outraged peasants "In the cessity was bringing the small but where the Lal Bahlnlleave off. things could get. Holiday has reported last few months." mllltnnt trade-union movement 'under · VIolent attacks on antlgo_vern~ent a number of Incidents In which op­ But the Awami League regime will state ·control. The regime 'has been activists are a· dally occurrence. Chan­ posltlon candidates were kidnapped not be overthrown by. unorganized notably more successful In these lat­ da quotes an example taken from a before they could present their nom­ violent outbursts, as justifiable as they ter two tasks than It has been l.n the small article on the corner of page Ination papers. Some have been at­ may be. At this point there is little area of economic reConstruction. In A of an Issue of the Bangladesh Ob­ tacked while on their way to file. Op­ evidence that any of the opposition the first one, success has been more server: "As the demonstration of mem­ posltlon workers have been arre.ated groups have bee.n able to develop a spotty. But In the course of demornl­ bers of tlte Chhatra League [an anti­ comprehensive program that can mo­ lzlng the peasantry and Isolating the government Jltudent organization] was billzel and arm the people against the left wing of the liberation struggle, passing through Rajganl [In the government. the government has transformed those Comllla .district], a passing jeep op­ - \ The Awami League will therefofc' who refused to turn In their arms ened up with machine-gun fire. Ten win lis election. And most'probably, Into street bandits. demonstrators were seriously Rahman will take advantage of that wqunded." to announce that the · people ha~e Goon Squads for the Cities The February 11 Issue of Holiday, spoken, and that the opposition Ia an English-language weekly published antinational. An intenslffcation of re­ When Rahman nationalized Bangla­ In Dacca, described an Incident that t pression may then be expected. desh Industry, he also abolished col­ occurred on February 4 at th; R. R. But the future of Bangladesh is far lective bargaining. Counclls were set Jute Mills in Bnrnbkundn, near Chit­ from decided. No matter how severe up to (administer the confiscated en­ tagong. :he Awnmi League's repression may The workers have 40 per­ terprise~. "According to reports received here," become, the revolutionary will of the cent representation on them. An of­ a staff correspondent wrote, ".. : people who fought one or the ·most fl~lnl government declaration on the armed thugs surrounded the whole her9ic mass armed struggles of co­ nntlonnllzatlons stated In part that "the area [of the mUla], posted guardB at lonial history will not be easily bro­ gov.ernmeni believes that, just as It the exits and then launched their at­ ken. And their problems will not be is necessary_ to achieve a growing par­ tack on the labour colonies. They set solved bY. Rahman. The question is, ticipation by the workers In the man­ the- kutchn [makeshift] structure of the Wlll a le~dershlp emerge to organize agement of nationalized fndustrles, dif­ workers on fire, lind then, using their nnd' mobilize that revolutionary will ferences that arise must be resolved automatic weapons, started firing at before the country is brought to a state by consultations conducted In the the Innocent workers. When the la­ of permanent, hopeless degradation management bureaus. Under these cir­ by Awnmi League thieves? 0 bourers, for safety but also out of Mujlbur Rohman cumstances, collective bargaining will fear, tried to flee from the mUI area, not be necessary for workers em­ the armed hirelings of the progovern­ ployed In Industries nationalized or ment Jntlya Srnmlk League swooped on various Olmsy charges . ..And final­ controlled by the government." on them." ly, the media, controlled almost ex­ Most of the unions in Bangladesh Holiday reported that 200 workers clusively by the Awnml League, have denounced thfs move. (The pro-Mqs­ were kllled; 30t> are missing. given coverage only to the progovern­ cow Bangladesh Trade Union Centre ment candidates. said the administration's policy on And Now for an Election The Awnml League-Inspired violent this question was "confused.") But the atmosphere has reached the point that .Jntlyn Srnmlk League, ~e Awaml Th.!! Awnmi League's gangster tactics even the offices of the National Awaml League-dam inn ted "union," supported have been applied to opposlti(\11 candi­ party (Muzznfnr), a pro-Moscow or­ it. dates In the elections. The two largest ganization that has generally sup­ Since then, the government has fol­ E . . anti-Awnml League organizations are ported the goy ernment's policies, have· lowed a poll~ y of bolstering the JSL .the National Awnmi party (B), thefor­ been attacked and set on Cire 'by mobs at the expense of other unions. The RE~ · ~ fJERR merly pro-~eking group headed by mobilized by Awami League goons. JSL has been provided with a well­ Maulnnn Bhashnni, and the Jntiyn In the absence of any well-organized II you think you reoll_y know .what' s armed goon squad (called, of all Samajtnntrlk On! (National Socialist revolutionary opposition, the popula­ fjoing on in Ireland today, you might things, the La! Bnhlni, or Red party). tion's response to Rahman's terror try the following test: Guards) that lias used violence toellm- The latter group originated in a and to the .dashing of thetr hopes for e What were the main topics old is-. spilt from the Chhnndrn League, social change has tended to · express cl!ssi 0 n ol the recent convention of the which at one time was the pro-Awami itself In randomly directed violence. Official Republican movement? League student organization. A. S.M. Young people who fought in the . • ·What ore the major differences be­ Abdur- Rnb and Shnhjehan Siraj Mukti Bnhlni during the indepenqence tween the Officials ond _ the Pro· formed a left•wlng faction in the war have found no jobs and have been visionols today? 'lo. Chhandrn League. It was opposed cast onto Uie scrap heap by tjle eco­ • What the strength of the Repub- .by a "Mujlblst" fnctfon. nomic policies of the _regime. Sur­ licans, and the nationalist population, In .July 1972 the two factions held rounded by corruption and violence, in the North today? rival conferences; both Invited Rah­ and deprived of any means of livell- ~ man, who, naturally, wenttotheMujlb­ hood, they have themselves turned to e lnsolb-.: ps their political outlook , ist conference. Soon _after, the Rnb­ violence and robbery. Der Spiegel has is cancernect:\-Whot important changes ,. Slraj group united with Major Ahmed have occurr~d in the Official ranks? reported that the streets of D'acca t,re Jalll, one of the best-known Mukti Ba­ virtually1empty at night. People- who II you were able to answer lh':se hlnl comr~1anders during the indepen­ visit friends and are unable to leave questions correctly, you probably read dence war; they formed the JSD. for ho~e before· dark stay overnight. the United Irishman, An Phobloch1, the - The JSD"appenrs now t_o be the most - Dacca Ia more vio~ent today than it Starry Plough, the Irish Times, and significant opposition group. It has was during most of the war. several Gaelic-language monthlies. grown rapidly among student le~tlsts This state of affairs, created by the Either that, or you read lntercof!linen· who are. hostlle to Maoism. When the Awami League itself, serves the regime tal Press. March 7 election campaign began, the as an excuse for bolstering the Jatiyn II you flunked the lest, ~ e'd like Ia JSD announced that It would field 300 Rnkkhl Bnhlni, allegedly in the in­ suggest o subscription to lnter.contin~n- . candidates. The NAP( B) said it would tere.ats of preserving law and order. run 220 candidates. And it also provides the base for what tal Press. It's the only Americ_onwe ~lify But the Awnml League has used a may become a special form of Mujibist that consistently colters movements variety of gangster methods to dis­ fascism. like the struggle to free Ireland. Be­ courage opposltiqnlsts from running. The regime utilizes the masses of sides news analysis and interviews, On February 1,1; the JSD held a na­ declassed lumpen elements to form the Intercontinental Press regular! y pub­ tional day or protest against the gov­ base of a repressive movem!!nt u'sed to lishes the documents of the struggle ernment's repressive policies. A large' destroy all Independent forms of pop­ ·itself. Send S7 .50 for six months. rally was held in Dacca. "Speaking at ular organizatloh, and ·specifically to the. rally," the February 21 Holiday smash 'the Independent trade unions reported, "Rnb alleged that the rul­ n~d the radical student movement. It INTERCONTI NENT AL PRESS Ing party had resorted to gangster is all done in the name of nationalism, P. 0. Box 116, Village Station tactics everywhere to get ·through the socialism, secularism, and democracy, New York, N.Y. 10014 elections and to scare the antiestab­ the four main watchwords of the Rah­ lishment forces. He said that the elec­ man regime. Having Itself created dis- tion-eve happenings, .Including kidnap- . order and lawlessness, the government World Outlook W0/4

Background to the fight World news notes

for liberation of Eritrea S. .African students fight repression Students in every major city in South Africa planned a nation­ By Tony Thomas wide series of mass meetings and marches the second week of March. The actions are to protest government "baiming" orders against 16 leaders of the National Union of South African Students (the One of th e centra l aspects of the organization of while, English-speaking stude,pts) and of the South struggle to liberate the African con­ African Students Organization (the organization of Black students). tinent is the struggle for the libera­ The government bans, Issued under the Suppression of Communism tion of oppressed nationalities within Act, stemmed from last year's mass student protests against racial the various "independent" African discrimination in education. The bans prohibit the students from states. The struggle of the Erltrean traveling, attending meetings, speaking publicly, being quoted in people against the Ethiopian regime a ny publication, or contacting each other. At least three of the Black is one of these s ~ ggles. . student leaders have been placed under house arrest. At the end of last year I was able The government's actions have caused a turmoil of debate among to obtain this interview with Nushai, intellectuals and within the main opposition party, the United Party. a n Eritrean activist in Sweden, out­ Andre Brink, regarded as one of the country's leading writers, sug­ lining the basic facts of the Eritrean struggle. gested that Prime Minister Vorster might take a lesson from Charles de Gaulle, who tried to crack down on students in France. in 1968 Q. H ow did the Eritrean p eop/ecom e and fell from power a year later. to be ruled by the Ethiopians? Vorster took the unusual step of sending Brink a personal letter in reply. The letter attacked Brink's conciliatory view of the stu­ A Eritreans were colonized by th e dent struggles, labeled Brink a "pink liberal," and ended by wishing Italians for about 60 years before him a good night's rest "in spite of the curle~s in your hair." World War II. During World War II, A. The Ethiopian regime learned when the Italians lost, Eritrea was from Israel and the U.S. What the given to the British. When it came Ethiopian troops are practicing 'Proletarianization' of Soviet CP time to free the ex-colonies of the Ital­ against the innocent Eritrean people This year all Communist party members in the Soviet Union ians, Eritrea was d enied independence are the same things the Americans are have to turn in their party membership cards, and only those who because of its strategic locution on practicing in Vietnam. There is a are considered servile enough will receive new ones. The new cards the Red Sea. scorched-earth policy that has been have Lenin's picture on them, with the slogan "the party is the wis­ The United Stutes proposed the uni­ used since the beginnings of the strug-· dom, honor and conscience of this epoch." But if Lenin could see fication of Eritrea with Ethiopia, which gle: bombing villages, poisoning wells, the type of party that exists in the Soviet Union, masquerading was the only alternative offered our destroying farms. as a communist party, he would be horrified to say the least. people. This was passed by the United They don't want the peasants to do Through the pur$ e the CP officials say they hope to restore the Nations in 1950 and put into practice their farming for the reason that the "proletarian" character of the party and combat "inertia and indif­ in 1952. peasants are helping the freedom fight­ ference" among party members. According to the March 4 Los In the original agreement Eritrea ers. They .don.'t differentiate between Angeles Times, the CP leadership "hopes to brush up the image was allowed a lur~e measure of uuton· old people, children, crippled people of the party, which enjoys Immense privileges along with complete omy within a federation with Ethiopia. -sometimes they will just clean out . political power but which has lost standing with Important elements However, Ethiopia didn't obey the whatever they fmd m their way-vil­ of society." agreement, and in 1958 it lowered lages, people, animals. In 1971 LeoD:ld Brezhnev reported to the twenty-fourth party con­ the Eritrean flag, ending whatever au­ They're trying to drive us out of gress that only 40 percent of CP members were workers (and that tonomy existed. From this time people our homeland. According to 1l.Jnited includes functionaries of worker backgrounds). Fifteen percent were begun to realize that the gradual colo­ Nations statistics, there are mo;-e than farmers, and 45 percent white-collar professionals and administra­ nization of Eritrea by Ethiopia would 80,000 Eritrean refugees in Sudan tors. Women constitute only 20 percent of the party, although they take place. alone. make up more than half of the work force. There were peaceful means of pro­ Not only are the Soviet CP bureaucrats attempting to "clean up" testing against the Ethiopians at that Q. What role has the U. S and other their own party; they are also seeing to it that the same standards time· and until I 962, when the com­ imperialist powers played in all of a re kept up in other workers states- Czechoslovakia, for example. plete annexation of Eritrea took place. this? At the end of la st month Brezhnev went to Prague to receive the After that, we lost every peaceful Order of the White Lion, ftrst class, which is the highest decoration means of protest, and the only re­ A The weaponry and financial aid in Czechoslovakia. Brezhnev expressed satisfaction with the "con­ course was armed struggle. of the U. S. enabled Ethiopia to launch this war. The feudal regime of Em­ solidation" of control by the Czechoslovak CP since the Prague Spring in 1968. The Soviet bureaucrats don't consider it "consoli­ Q. Could you d escribe th e f orms peror Haile Selassle shareS' the U.S. 's dated" enough, however, to withdraw the 70,000 Soviet troops still of na tiona/ oppression the Eritrea ns interest in keeping the Red Sea under occupying Czechoslova kia. face? their control. Also the U.S. h a s a base called Kagnew Field, which is A Unilaterally they ended our au­ used not only against us but against tonomous rights and merged us into other African liberation groups. lauds Iranian dictatorship Ethiopia. They forbade the speaking The Israeli regime is training the .' ' and writing of th e two native langu­ Ethiopian counterinsurgency forces. ages of Eritrea, Tigrinya and Arabic. Israeli "advisers" are always with the All democra tic institutions, organiza­ Ethiopian troops in their operations tions, and newspapers were forbidden. against the freedom fighters. Three They didn't want any moderniza­ Israelis hav.c been killed. tion of any fa ct ories. All the develop­ Q. What about opportuTiities f or sup­ -ment wa s to take pl ace in Ethiopia. p o rt frDm Sudan, where there are so They want to driv e a ll of our people many refugees? o ut of Eritrea and into Ethiopia. TI1ey want a complete a ssimila tion A For a long time there h a sn't of our people, and they wa nt to crush been a ny government help from any· any sentiments of n a tionalism by eco-· where, although we have always h ad nomic, cultura l, politica l, and military the sympathy of the people of Sudan. pressure. Because Selassie intervened in the so­ lution of the civil war in Suda n last Q. '\vhat was th e principle m ovem ent year, the Sudanese ·regime is in his opposing th ese measures? debt. The Sudanese h a ve to pay the A. The SL>cret opposition before th e price by forbidding the ELF from initia tion of armed struggle was the' carrying out actions in Sudan. Eritrean Liberation Movement, which Today all of our offices there are was formed in 1958. Today the orga­ closed, and many militants have been nization that is leading the armed told to leave the country. There is no struggle is the Eritrean Liberation possibility for us to work openly in Front. Its political aim at the present Sudan. Distinguished Guests ~om Iran is to regain the lost independence of And as for the OA U [Organization Eritrea. In the long run we are pre­ of African Unity], it completely sup­ The above picture, caption, and title are from a recent issue of paring for the socialist order. ports the Ethiopian regime, which is China Pictorial, a publication of the Chinese government. The arti­ one of Its main forces. But we are cle that accompanies the photograph has only praise for the mur­ Q. What has been the reaction of the determined to fight until victory and derous·· regime of the shah of Iran, never mentioning the terrible Ethiopian regime to the struggle of win the sympathy of the peoples of poverty, repression, and torture that this so-called distinguished mon­ the ELF7 Africa. 0 archy lnflicts on the masses of Iranians.