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Marine Bivalves Occurring on the East Coast of the Gulf of Thailand

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Marine Bivalves Occurring on the East Coast of the Gulf of Thailand R ESEARCH ARTICLE ScienceAsia 37 (2011): 195–204 doi: 10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2011.37.195 Marine bivalves occurring on the east coast of the Gulf of Thailand Kitithorn Sanpanich Institute of Marine Science, Burapha University, Tambon Saensook, Amphur Mueang, Chonburi, 20131 Thailand e-mail: [email protected] Received 14 Sep 2010 Accepted 27 Jul 2011 ABSTRACT: This study presents a list of marine bivalve species that occur along the east coast of the Gulf of Thailand, from the province of Chonburi to Trad. Of the 55 sampling sites, 20 were located in Chonburi, 10 in Rayong, 7 in Chanthaburi, and 18 in Trad. Specimens were collected from sandy beaches, muddy sand, rocky shore, and coral reefs, between April 2005 and July 2009. A total of 321 species, 43 families, and 118 genera were recorded. The most widespread species were Tridacna crocea and T. squamosa (Tridacnidae) which occurred in 37 locations, followed by Barbatia foliata (Arcidae) and Liochoncha annettae (Veneridae) presented in 36 sites, Pedum spondyloideum (Pectinidae) that was found in 35 sites, Tapes literatus that occurred in 34 sites, and Vasticardium pectiniforme (Cardiidae) that was registered in 33 sites. The highest diversity was observed in Rayong province with 192 species, B. foliata being the most common species. The lowest diversity was registered in Chanthaburi province, 76 species, where Tellina inflata (Tellinidae) was the most common species. In Chonburi province there were 187 species identified, of which V. pectiniforme and Ctena bella (Lucinidae) were the most common. Finally, in Trad province of the 179 species recorded the most common one was L. annettae. KEYWORDS: distribution, diversity, marine mollusc INTRODUCTION sand, rocky shores, and coral reefs at islands in the Gulf of Thailand, between Chonburi and Trad Thailand has a long coastline extending to nearly provinces. The criteria for choosing the sampling 2815 km from the east to the south along the sites depended on the number of beaches, islands etc. Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea. Close distributed in each province. Of the 55 sampling to 544 km, the eastern coastline extends from the sites (Table 1, Fig. 1), 20 were located in Chonburi, area between the river mouths of the Tajeen and 10 in Rayong, 7 in Chanthaburi, and 18 in Trad. In Choapraya Rivers to the Cambodian border at Klong subtidal areas, specimens were collected by scuba Yai, Trad Province. The east coast is composed of divers that covered the area between shallow water seven provinces, namely Bangkok, Samut Prakan, on the reef flat and the reef to a maximum depth Chachoengsao, Chonburi, Rayong, Chanthaburi, and of about 18 m. Throughout the entire swash zone Trad. However, only in the last four provinces marine of beaches and on rocky shores, specimens were biodiversity has been examined, due to the wide collected by hand-picking. Both living and dead shells variety of beaches and the high numbers of islands in were collected, as dead shells would represent species those areas. In the last ten years, only a few studies on living at the site. All specimens were recorded and the diversity of marine molluscs in these areas were identified. The living specimens were preserved in undertaken. Sanpanich 1 reported 76 species of marine 10% formalin for about 3 days and then moved to 70% bivalves in Chonburi and Rayong provinces whereas alcohol. Prior to identification, shells were cleaned Jensen 2 by collating data from bivalves species lists in sodium hypochloride 6.6% w/v overnight, washed published between 1889 and 2001 for the Gulf of with tap water and air dried for further study. The Thailand, found that 594 species had already been classification used in the present study followed the recorded. This study further documents existing ma- one proposed by Beesley et al 3 and Brand 4. The rine bivalve species in the east coast of Thailand. species identification was made according to Abbott 5, Abbott and Dance 6, Bussarawit 7, Eisenberg 8, Glover MATERIALS AND METHODS and Taylor 9, Kira 10, Habe 11, Lamprell 12, Lamprell Specimens of marine bivalves were collected between and Whitehead 13, Lamprell and Healy 14, Nielsen 15, April 2005 and July 2009 from sandy beaches, muddy Okutani 16, Oliver 17, Robba et al 18, Swennen et al 19, www.scienceasia.org 196 ScienceAsia 37 (2011) Table 1 Collection sites and total number of bivalve species collected along the eastern coast of the Gulf of Thailand. Site no. Site name Habitatsa Coordinates No. of species 1 Angsila, Chonburi S, M 13° 180 57.5600 N; 100° 550 4.4400 E 6 2 Larn Island, Pattaya, Chonburi C 12° 550 39.3000 N; 100° 460 29.6000 E 26 3 Krok Island, Pattaya, Chonburi C 12° 550 42.2900 N; 100° 480 16.3100 E 44 4 Sark Island, Pattaya, Chonburi C 12° 560 42.1500 N; 100° 470 30.3000 E 24 5 Loerm Island, Pattaya, Chonburi C 12° 570 36.3900 N; 100° 390 13.1100 E 37 6 Pai Island, Pattaya, Chonburi C 12° 560 35.5200 N; 100° 400 38.5200 E 50 7 Klungbadarn Island, Pattaya, Chonburi C 12° 540 12.7800 N; 100° 400 46.6900 E 26 8 Marnvichai Island, Pattaya, Chonburi C 12° 520 30.7900 N; 100° 400 27.4200 E 31 9 Rin Island, Pattaya, Chonburi C 12° 470 43.6100 N; 100° 420 17.0800 E 54 10 Hin Hoo-chang, Pattaya, Chonburi C 12° 480 34.5500 N; 100° 420 31.4500 E 55 11 Sor Beach, Toong Prong, Sattahip, Chonburi R, S 12° 430 54.900 N; 100° 500 2.200 E 24 12 Nang-rong Beach, Sattahip, Chonburi S, C 12° 360 55.8700 N; 100° 550 13.6400 E 20 13 Jorrake Island, Sattahip, Chonburi C 12° 360 10.1900 N; 100° 550 4.1300 E 23 14 Sattahip Bay, Sattahip, Chonburi S, M 12° 390 3700 N; 100° 530 45.800 E 30 15 Kram Island, Sattahip, Chonburi S, C 12° 400 19.200 N; 100° 470 10.300 E 44 16 Chong Samaesarn, Sattahip, Chonburi C 12° 350 46.9200 N; 100° 570 47.3700 E 38 17 Samaesarn Island, Sattahip, Chonburi S, C 12° 330 58.7200 N; 100° 560 57.9500 E 56 18 Karm Island, Sattahip, Chonburi C 12° 340 27.9300 N; 100° 550 59.1200 E 35 19 Juang Island, Sattahip, Chonburi C 12° 300 50.6700 N; 100° 570 12.9300 E 54 20 Jarn Island, Sattahip, Chonburi C 12° 310 2.1900 N; 100° 580 16.7400 E 51 21 Sai-thong Beach, Moeng, Rayong S 12° 400 11.0400 N; 101° 110 11.8100 E 26 22 Numrin Beach, Ban Chang, Rayong S 12° 400 31.2500 N; 101° 50 31.9000 E 51 23 Maerumpung Beach, Klaeng, Rayong S 12° 370 19.4300 N; 101° 210 48.1600 E 16 24 Ban Pe, Klaeng, Rayong S 12° 360 43.8700 N; 101° 250 22.1800 E 23 25 Suanson Beach, Klaeng, Rayong S 12° 370 55.0800 N; 101° 290 27.1600 E 34 26 Samed Island, Klaeng, Rayong R, C 12° 340 0.0700 N; 101° 270 51.3700 E 68 27 Munnai Island, Klaeng, Rayong S, C 12° 360 51.2300 N; 101° 410 13.5400 E 51 28 Munklarng Island, Klaeng, Rayong S, C 12° 350 59.1600 N; 101° 410 37.3100 E 35 29 Munnork Island, Klaeng, Rayong S, C 12° 340 9.5200 N; 101° 420 8.6000 E 77 30 Laem Maepim, Klaeng, Rayong S 12° 380 37.1400 N; 101° 380 8.8300 E 15 31 Kungwimarn, Chanthaburi R, C 12° 360 30.1600 N; 101° 520 11.9900 E 21 32 Kung Kraben, Chanthaburi M 12° 340 26.5800 N; 101° 530 47.3700 E 19 33 Joaloa Beach, Chanthaburi S, C 12° 320 4.6800 N; 101° 560 3.9500 E 14 34 Moo Bay, Chanthaburi S, M 12° 290 1.8300 N; 102° 20 38.3300 E 9 35 Yang Bay, Chanthaburi S, R 12° 280 31.5000 N; 102° 20 40.1600 E 4 36 Saba Island, Chanthaburi C 12° 300 33.3300 N; 101° 560 56.5900 E 8 37 Nomsoa Island, Chanthaburi C 12° 270 53.5000 N; 102° 10 24.4100 E 39 38 Loaya Island, Trad C 11° 560 43.700 N; 102° 240 4.100 E 23 39 Wai Island, Trad C 11° 540 20.3700 N; 102° 240 2.8900 E 44 40 Ngarm Island, Trad C 11° 560 54.8800 N; 102° 260 15.7700 E 13 41 Kloom Island, Trad C 11° 550 22.0800 N; 102° 210 12.2000 E 46 42 Kumpun Island, Trad R, C 11° 470 8.800 N; 102° 230 38.700 E 23 43 Mapring Island, Trad R, C 11° 480 16.1900 N; 102° 220 36.6300 E 18 44 Songpeenong Island, Trad C 11° 480 32.700 N; 102° 220 43.500 E 15 45 Hin Yak Island, Trad C 11° 470 19.6700 N; 102° 230 42.3900 E 12 46 Rung Island, Trad C 11° 470 46.3200 N; 102° 220 56.2500 E 24 47 Hin Plai num, Trad C 11° 510 3.100 N; 102° 240 42.000 E 17 48 Thonglarng Island, Trad C 11° 490 11.4700 N; 102° 240 4.0000 E 11 49 Rayungnok Island, Trad C 11° 480 0.2300 N; 102° 270 8.6400 E 17 50 Kradad Island, Trad C 11° 510 1.0300 N; 102° 300 55.7200 E 41 51 Mark Island, Trad C 11° 500 34.7900 N; 102° 290 35.0900 E 71 52 Maisee Island, Trad C 11° 430 17.3800 N; 102° 300 41.5200 E 58 53 Hin Bungbao, Trad C 11° 350 50.6600 N; 102° 310 46.3800 E 18 54 Pukwaen Bay, Trad C 11° 450 12.7300 N; 102° 320 39.3000 E 19 55 Hin Kong Bay, Trad C 11° 370 29.8500 N; 102° 320 31.6900 E 48 a S=sandy beach; R=rocky shore; C=coral reef; M=muddy sand.
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