Radical Game Design

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Critical Play

Radical Game Design

Mary Flanagan

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Flanagan, Mary, 1969– Critical play : radical game design / Mary Flanagan. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-262-06268-8 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Games—Design and construction. 2. Games—Sociological aspects. 3. Art and popular culture. I. Title. GV1230.F53 2009 794.8Ј1536—dc22 2008041726

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Index

Abbot, Berenice, 132 Advance and Retreat (game), 78 Abbott, Anne W., 78 Africa, 84–85, 102 Abstract Expressionism, 168 Agency, 3, 7, 13 Abu Rawash, 65 board games and, 73, 92, 96, 104, 111, Achitiv, Romy, 145 116 Acker, Kathy, 157 deﬁ ned, 116 Activison, 48 design and, 225, 229, 232–233 Activist games, 13–14, 265n43. See also home environment and, 35, 41, 45 Subversion locative games and, 190, 206 board games and, 85–88, 102–103 performance and, 178, 184 computer games and, 236–249 Agitprop, 102 Darfur genocide and, 245–247 Agriculture, 69–70 Fluxus and, 102–103 Ahasuerus, 81 gender and, 141–148, 180–181 AIDS, 246 language games and, 118–123, 141–148 ’Ain Ghazal, 64 New Games Movement and, 183–190 Akhenaten, Pharaoh of Egypt, 21 obscenity and, 119 Albert, Prince Consort, 73 performance and, 15, 179–183, 189 (see Alcools (Apollinaire), 127 also Performance) Alea (game), 66 rise of serious games and, 243–249 Alea Evangelii, 71 Rwanda and, 241–243 Aleph, El (Borges), 227 serious games and, 243–249 Alice in Wonderland (Carroll), 122, 276n16 Take Action Now button and, 246 All White Chess Set (Ono), 112 technology and, 225 Alphonso, 107 terrorist policy and, 239–243 Al Qaeda, 238, 241 as triggers of discussion, 249 Alternate Reality Games, 197 use of Go and, 105–106 Ambiguity of Play, The (Sutton-Smith), 5, Values at Play project and, 241, 290n40, 266n2 291n5 American Antiquarian Society, 77 Index | Apolinère Enameled Anubis, 68 Antonisse, Jamie,241 Anti- Anti- Art Ars Electronica,199 Arp, Jean,89,129,153,280n18 Armstrong, Francis,27,30 Aristotle, 25,244 Aragon, Louis,89 Arabs, 66,107 Apollinaire, Guillaume,124,127,129,135, Anthropology, 4– Anthony, Scott,12 Anspach, Ralph,87– Anglo- Anemic Cinema Anderson, Margaret,131– Ancient Mariner, 81 Anagrams America’s Army spirituality and,67– The Sims role ofleisureand,25 dollhouses and,28– child- Enlightenment and,18– dolls and,37– design and,10( Dada and,37– Constructivism and,21,89,129, 150 computer gamesand,223– cinema and,151– chess and,107– chance and,89 board gamesand,88– automatism and,89,127– anticommodity and,201– 148 Monopoly Semitism, 81,83 Saxons, 71 like stateand,138 (game),78 and, 48– and,48– (game),14,87– (ManRay),125 62 (game),178,233 38 ( 116 see also 5, 20, 260– 5, 20,260– (Duchamp),124 152 61 see also 88 73 32 105 Design) 21 Dada) 132 202 138 249 261 88 |

320

Astrology, 69 Asphalt Games,198 Art ofComputerGameDesign, The Artiﬁ Artangel, 103 | thirdspace and,253– technology and,7– systematization of,90,153 Surrealists and,41– Suprematists and,180 subversion and,10– spirituality and,152 Situationists and,170,182,194– self- rules and,150– Rococco, 17,21– Renaissance and,17– readymade objectsand,10,124,132,153, premise ofinterrogationand,286n38 politics and,2 play perspectiveon,2– performance and,151– peepshow boxesand,19– motivations for, 3– methodological issuesand,251– as mediumofexpression,4 material wordsand,141– language gamesand,138– interventions and,11– imposition ofassumptionsand,251– Gutai movementand,165– Go and,105– game housesand,47– Futurism and,89,129,151– Fluxus and,88,96– ford), 6,61,244 Surrealists) 204, 207– 157, 170,280n17 Performance) cial intelligence, 246 expression and,152 208 107 151 25 4 10 105 ( 47, 89( 13 254 18 52 13 4 152 ( see also 21 148 139 see also 169 see also 152 Fluxus) (Craw- 262 197, 201,

252 Bellmer, Hans, 41– Bell Beidha, 64 Beast, The BBS communication,27 Baudelaire, Charles,118,193 Bateson, 5 Barton, Robert,87 Bartholomew, Terese Tse, 118 Barthes, Roland,180 Barnes, Djuna,43,132,136,138 Barderman, Joan,176 Barbican Gallery, 180,283n85 Baraka, Amiri,12,176 Bao, 64 Bally, 94 Ballinderry, 71 Balla, Giacomo,152 Ball, Lilian,105– Ball, Hugo,40,129 Baily, Chris,241 Bagatelle, 94,273n82 Backgammon, 66– Babitz, Eve,109 Baader, Johannes,131 Awase Awari, 64 Avatars, 58– Automatism, 14,15,89,260 Authors Australia, 198 Austin, R.G.,67 Aura Auctions, 12 Athelstan, 71 Atari, 10 Surrealist writing and, 134– Surrealist writingand,134– performance and,157 language gamesand,127– (Tanaka), 166 (Symons),191– (matchings),74 (game),78 (game),197 59, 223 106 67, 71,73,107 43, 58 192, 197 138, 148 138 |

321

Board games,189,273n82. “Board GameoftheGospel,The,”71 Boal, Augusto,204,211,245,259 Blogs, 1, 56– Blogs, 1,56– Blind man’s bluff,18 Blast Theory, 189,198– Black Square on White Black Square Black RevolutionaryTheatre(BRT), 12, Black and White Black Americans,224 Bioshock Bilal, Wafaa, 236– Big UrbanGame(B.U.G.) Bichelbaum, Andy, 182– Bhopal, India,182– Bhabha, Homi,221,253 Bey, Hakim,211,213 Beuys, Joseph,170 Bettelheim, Bruno,25 Best . . . Flame War . . . Ever Best, Elsdon,67 Bennett, Stith,63,67– Bennett, Jill,104 Benjamin, Walter, 89,193 | activist, 85– abstract strategyand,63– ﬁ everyday, 73– epic, 73– educational, 75,78– Dada and,88– city as,204( artists and,88– ancient, 63– American, 77– agency and,73,92,96,104,111,116 rst patent for, 85 games 176 216– 217 (game),223 77 (Malevich),180 88, 102– 57, 241– 73 see also 78 (game),248 88 89 105 238, 243 183 Locativegames) 80 (Ostojic),180 243 103 68, 251 199 183 (game),198, 64 (Stern),233 See alsospeciﬁ c

Index | Index | Board games(cont.) Book ofRepulsive Women, The Book ofChess Bookchin, Natalie,227– Bonanno, Mike,182– Bogost, Ian,84,242 Bodies thatMatter Board GamewithClassifi war andconfl trademark violationsand,87– fl Ta as systemsforcriticalthinking,93 Surrealist, 88– subversion and,88– spiritual sideof,67– spatiality and,63 skill masteryand,88 sculpture and,92– rules and,63– ritual and,68 religion and,74– racial issuesand,81,83– psychology and,88 printing and,73– pornography and,75,77 performance and,177– perfect informationand,63– origins of,67– mass productionand,63,73,77– incense and,73 imperfect informationand,64 image- as ideologicaltools,71,73 hard timesand,94– Great Depressionand,94– fox gamesand,73 Fluxus and,96– and Undesirable Things 94, 97,102,106– 88, 94,103 , 71– based, 74 73 (KingAlphonso),107 ict, 105– 65, 68,73,78– 68 94, 108– 105, 112– (Butler),150 75, 78 75, 77 93 107, 111– 96 116 73 183 cation ofDesirable 116 232, 243 178 (Utagawa),77 110 85 116 (Barnes),136 96 113 79, 87– 65 88 78, 81, 88, |

322

Business models,12 Bush, Vannevar, 9 Bush, GeorgeW., 219– Bush, GeorgeH.W., 238 Busch, Akiko,52 Burroughs, William, 157 Building,Burning The Buren, Daniel,201 Bureau ofSurrealistResearch,89– Bulls andBears: The Great Wall Street Game, Bulletin BoardSystem(BBS),226 Buddhism, 74– Buckner, 10 Brunelleschi, Filippo,19 Brumbaugh, RobertS.,66– Bruegel, Pieter, 18 Brotchie, Alastair, 134,149,157 Broeckmann, Andreas,190 Bricolage, 284n7 Breton, André,63,89– Brecht, George,97– Brecht, Bertolt,244 Dramaof Tiresias,Surrealist Breasts The: A Breakfast inFur Bread and Water Braque, George,152 Brandub, 71 Brand, Stewart,183– Braidotti, Rosi,147,242– Braderman, Joan,12 Boxing, 17 Bosch, Hieronymus,43 Borione, BernardLouis,107 Borges, JorgeLuis,227 Book oftheDead,69 Book ofSurrealist Games, A | 81 162, 278n63 (Apollinaire), 135 Gooding), 149,157 75 (Oppenheim),154 (Knowles),174 101 184 (Grooms),170 91, 128,135,156, 220 243 (Brotchieand 67 90

Catlow, Ruth,113– Catholic Church,18,25,107– Castells, Manuel,232 Cartoons, 102 Cartesian worldview, 190 Cartaphilus, 81 Carroll, Lewis,117,122– Carrington, Leonora,278n63 Carefree andInnocentPastime Collection, The Cards Carambole withPendulum Capture games,64 Capitalism, 85– Can You SeeMeNow?(CYSMN) Cancelled Confessions Campbell dolls,30,268n35 Cambridge, 71 Cambodia, 6 Calligrammes Caillois, Roger, 5,20,88,186,280n1 Cahun, Claude,10,43,162– Cage, Xenia,113 Cage, John,101,109,140,170,173, CADRE LaboratoryforNewMedia,218 Cadere, André,176– Butt, Danny, 207 Butler, Judith,11,150,221– Surrealists and,90 popular cultureand,27,266 locative gamesand,200 language gamesand,140 Japan and,74,77 Fluxus and,96– dolls and30 China and,73 activist gamesand,241 (ancient Gomanual),70 198– 263n3 199 (Apollinaire),127 88, 102,264n28 97, 100– 97, 100– 116 (Cahun),163 177 (Orozco),104 123, 126,276n16 102 222, 264n30 163, 185 108 (game), |

323

Chess, 13,275n103 Chesher, Chris,230 Checkers, 65,67,105 Checkered GameofLife, The Cheating, 11,13,80,265n42,269n82 Chardin, 21 Chapman, Jake,43,47,58,113 Chapman, Dinos,43,47,58,113 Ethico- Chaosmosis: An Changeover units,94,96 Chance, 280n18 Chain Reaction Chain drawing,160 Certeau, Michelde,67,182,190– Center forTactical Magic,217 Celts, 70– Phone–Free TemporaryCell Zone Autonomous | morals of,108 Lewis chesssetand,108 improvised, 94 Fluxus and,112– Europe and,107 education and,107– dominance of,107 computer, 226 changes in,108 board gamesand,63– artists’ use of,107– Arabs and,107 abstract strategyand,63,107 performance and,173 language gamesand,127 dice and,107 chess and,109 board gamesand,67– automatism and,134 art and,89 (Guattari), 117 221, 284n7 (CFTAZ) 71, 73 (Souzis),211,213,216 (Smith), 210– (Smith),210– 116 116 108 Aesthetic Paradigm 68, 90 66, 71,73,77,94 (game),78,80 211 191, 194,

Index | Index | Clarke, GeorgePemberton,37 Clark, GordonMatta,47– Clara Civil War, 27 Civil rights,2– Cisco, 246– Circular Billiards Circuit Cinema, 151– CIA, 102 Christo, 201 Christianity, 81 Christensen, Clayton,12 Cholera, 83 China, 124 Children, 260– Chien andalou, Un Chicken Sam Chess Players Chess (cont.) spirituality and,69– language gamesand,118 cards and,73 unplaying and,33 teddy bearsand,27 The Sims Marxism and,24 leisure and,25 dollhouses and,25– conceptualization of,24– board gamesand,78– as virtue,107 ﬂ Ta symbolism and,107– Surrealists and,108– shogi and,177– representational qualitiesand,66 religion and,107– perfect informationand,63– origins of,107 gamesand,71 (Sowervine),46 (Giacometti),91 and,55 247 (vanLeyden),107 (game),94 152 3. 261, 287n55 (Carroll),122 178 See also (ﬁ 108 lm), 10 32 70 110 116 80 Activistgames 48 25 65 |

324

Computer games,1,15,178– Communists, 43 Communication technology, 94 Commerce Come OutandPlayevent,198,202,262 Colonization, 205 Colmer, Michael,273n82 Collective methods,156– Collage Arranged According totheLawsof Collage, 153– Cole, ArdraL.,150 Coke, Jack,101 Cockfi Cockfi Cobra, 170 Coat Stand Clothing, 165– Clockmakers, 37 Claudius, 66 Class Struggle Classism, 21,85,88 | methodological issuesand,252– massively multiplayeronlinerole- home environmentand,17,27,44,48– gender and,13– Fluxus, 244 empowerment and,230 education and,223,239– dolls and,47– culture of,224– avatars and,58– antisocial themesof,223– activist, 236– popularity of,223,263n1,269n80, 288n1 peer- military and,245– games (MMORPGs)and,223 49, 55,59– See alsospecifi Chance ght Arena ghts, 17 to-peer exchangeand,224 (Arp),153 (game),78 (ManRay),41 (game),88 61, 267n24,269n80 155 249 c games (Stern),233 52 166, 175– 226 59, 223 14, 223– 246 178, 190 160 227, 289n5 249 224 179, 263n1. 253 playing Cos- Corpus ChristCollege,71 Cornell, Joseph,90 Consumerism, 57– Constructivism, 21,89,129,150 Conspicuous consumption,25 ConQuest Conley, Katharine,278n63 Confl theSpiritualin Concerning Art Concentration games,241– Critical play Criticality, 6 Critical ArtEnsemble(CAE),182 Crime, 33– Cribbage, 68,271n19 Crete, 66 Creative Time, 144 Crawford, Joan,151 Crawford, Chris,6– Crane, Hart,132 Crafts, 25 Craft, Nikki,12,176 Covert, John,40 Counting games,64 Counter Strike Costikyan, Greg,6– workforce demographicsof,223– 3D, 226 sexuality and,227– selfplaying, 233 rise ofserious,243– racial issuesand,224,226,238 psychology and,236– profi board games and, 96– board gamesand,96– agency and,3,7,13,35,41,45, 73,92, 152 225, 229,232– 96, 104,111,116,178,184,190, 206, play, 177– ux event,208 tability of,223 (game),197 35 (game),178 178, 187,218 233 58 232 7, 61,186,240,244 7 249 238 105 243 (Kadinsky), 249 |

325

Cut Piece Cupid, 24 Cubists, 127,152 CUAL, 97 Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly, 63,67– Crystal, David,117 2BKind(C2BK), Cruel Crossroads Cross, Gary, 27 Critical PlayMethod,256– Dada, 17,175,280n18 Cyprus, 64 Cut-ups, 157 | computer gamesand,223– chess and,108– “Down withart!”and,151 dolls and,37– cut-up techniqueand,157 bourgeoisie cultureand,129 unplaying and,14,32– types of,32– Surrealists and,89– rewriting and,14,32– reskinning and,14,32– research methodsand,251– performance and,184( methodological issuesand,60– language gamesand,117– Go and,105– design modelof,256– board gamesand,88– automatism and,127– 237, 260,262 102, 139,148,165,186,189,229,236– 229, 240,243,262 102, 116,127,139,144,148,178,189, also Performance) 262 Reskinning) (Ono),112– (game),197 35 106 41 116 90 ( 113, 116,175– 89 202– 134 35, 48,60,87,96, 259 35, 45– see also 34, 48,57,60( see also 148 259, 291n6 249 204 252

Surrealists) 48, 60,96, 61, 251– 68, 251 176 see

Index | Index | Design, 1 Dell computer, 12 Deleuze, Gilles,41,56– Delancey StreetMuseum,170 Déjeuner, Le Debord, Guy, 189,194– Davis, Angela,102 da Vinci, Leonardo,125 Darrow, CharlesBrace,87 Dark Game Darfur PeaceandAccountabilityAct,246 Dada- Dada (cont.) Darfur IsDying Dali, Salvador, 162,185,281n32 Dada Puppen(DadaDolls) Dada Fair, 40 computer gamesand,223– board gamesand,77– agency and,225,229,232– activist gamesand,13– World War Ieffectsand,38,40,128– translation and,127– Situationist Internationaland,195 reassembly and,157 readymade objectsand,10,124,132,153, puppets and,39– performance and,152– movement ofliquidand,158 Manhattan, 131 law breakingand,132 language gamesand,118,124– Gutai movementand,166 gender and,131– Fluxus and,279n66( ist games) 259 153, 189 157, 170,280n17 Ernst (Höch),154 (Stern),233 (Boucher),21 (game),245– 41 134 see also 128 88 57, 60,138– 14 ( 156, 162,185– 195, 208 (Höch),40 see also 249 233 Fluxus) 247 127, 139 Activ- 139, 187 129, |

326

Design InstituteoftheUniversity ofMin- | language gamesand,117– iterative modelfor, 254– independent gamedevelopersand,2 imposition ofassumptionsand,251– home environmentand,61 goal revisionand,258 critical doingand,184– concept ofpossibilityand,251 value veriﬁ thirdspace and,253– test playand,254,258 Surrealists and,10( subversion and,10– styles ofplayand,258 social systemsand,61– Simultanism and,14– shifts inplayand,260– serious gamesand,243– rule developmentand,254,257 revision and,255 responsibility and,253 repeatability and,160,252,255,258 prototypes and,254,258 permutation and,160 performance and,160– participatory exchangeand,256– paradigm- mission statementsand,254,257 methodological issuesand,251– Fluxus, 88,96– Duchamp’s callforinnovationand,3 dollhouses and,25– Disruption- Dada, 17( Critical PlayMethodand,256– nesota, 198 Performance) 291n6 cation and, 258 shifting and,12 see also Innovation theoryand,12– 105 ( Dada) 32 see also 13 see also 254 15 62 262 163 ( 185 249 256 148 Surrealists) Fluxus) see also 259, 262 257

252 13 Dolls, 13– Dollhouses, 25 Dodgson, CharlesLutwidge(LewisCar- Doctors, 21 Divination, 3, Distans, 66 Disruption- Disempowerment, 206 Disappearing MusicforFace Disagreeable objects,93 Direct- Dickinson, Emily, 118 Dickerman, Leah,40 Dickens, Charles,121 Dice, 65– upper- The Sims real dailylifeand,30 psychoanalysis and,27– playing houseand,27 painted interiorsof,26– normative behaviorand,27– materials usedin,27 Marxism and,28 gender and,29,31– furnishings of,28– familial rolesand,26– Dutch, 26 anthropology and,28– ancient useof,26 adult womenand,26 puns and,123– language gamesand,124 fumage and,158 board gamesand,67– artists’, 37– ancient useof,26 adults and,34 roll), 117,122– to-customer salesmodel,12 class fashionand,27 66, 71– and,48– 14, 61, 81, 220– 14, 61,81,220– Innovation theory, 11– 47 124 79, 107,127 123, 126,276n16 52 29 32 70, 75– 27, 30 32 28 27 221, 268n35 (Shiomi),100 28 76, 105 13 |

327

Doll’s House, A Doll’s Games | setting of,52– Rococco artand,21 rewriting and,33– walking, 30 violence and,33– Victorian eraand,58 unplaying and,33 twinning, 43– teddy bearsand,27 talking, 30 Surrealists and,41– subversion and,32– The Sims sexuality and,40– research in,27– re- rag, 37 psychology and,37– proliferation of,27 performance and,40 patents for, 37 mass productionand,37 lucrative industryof,37 killing of,33 inventors’, 35– innovations in,30 human fascinationwith,41– girls’ resistanceto,31– game housesand,47– functionality and,37 Dolly Dingle,30,268n35 Dadaism and,37– avatars and,58– computer gamesand,47– ceramic, 30,37 Campbell Kids,30,268n35 bonding with,30,32 dressing, 33 and, 48– and,48– (Bellmer),42 (Ibsen),35 44 53 37 28, 251– 59 35 42, 58– 41 61 35 47, 93 33 47 52 32 252 59 52, 58– 42 59

Index | Index | Double entendres. Dot- Domestic Tension Dolls’ OwnBook, The, Economic issues,1 eBay, 12 E- Earthworks, 201 Dynamism ofDogonaLeash Dutch masters,118 Duke Nukem Duchamp, Marcel,3,10,148,171,286n38 Drayton, GraceG.,268n35 Draughts, 67 Dow Chemical,182– Douglass College,171 Douglas, Ann,54 Doublet, Jennifer, 34 mass productionand,77– Industrial Revolutionand,8 hard timesand,94– Great Depressionand,94– dot- computer gamesand,223 capitalism and,85– anticommodity artand,201– readymade objectsand,10,124,132,153, puns and,124– performance and,153 nature ofartand,151 Mutt and,124,277n22 laboratory workand,150 chess and,108– automatism and,129 taxes and,3,85,87 rich/ poverty, 79– 157, 170,280n17 awase games,74 com bubble,53,269n88 com bubbleand,53,269n88 poor gapand,204 (game),238 80, 85, 243, 246– 80, 85,243,246– (Bilal),237 127 110 See 88, 102,264n28 33 96 183 Languagegames 78 (Balla),152 96 202 247, 277n22 |

328

Education Edo period,74,77 Edmark, 290n22 Edison, ThomasAlva,8,30,37 Empowerment Email, 1,232,246,287 Eluard, 278n63 Eliot, T. S.,131 Electronic Arts,269n78 Electricity, 165– Electric Dress, The Eleanor ofAquitaine,108 18 HappeningsinSixParts Egypt, 21,26 Ego, 150 Edward IV(kingofEngland),73 Environment, 15. Enlightenment, 18– ENIAC computer, 9 Empty Club | board gamesand,75,78– locative games and, 190– locative gamesand,190– homeless and,206 disempowerment and,206 spirituality and,68– Senet and,65– puns and,123 Middle Kingdomand,68 Hounds andJackalsand,68 First Dynastyand,65 Book oftheDeadand,69 board gamesand,64 serious gamesand,243– Go and,105 computer gamesand,223,239– chess and,107– nonplayer characters(NPCs)and,206 fl computer gamesand,223– ânerie and,193– (Orozco),103 69, 271nn20,22 166 108 (Tanaka), 166 See also 195 21, 24 69 249 Spatiality (Kaprow),170 191, 197– 80 249 249 207 Events andGames Events Europe Ernst, Max,40,108,128– Erman, Adolph,123 Fairs, 25,40 Fahlström, Oyvind,102 Fabritius, Carel,19 “Fable, A”(Poe),123 Exxon Mobil,182– Exquisite corpse,14,136,158,160 Exquisite Cadaver “Exploratory ModelofPlay, An”(Csik- Existentialism, 121 Exhibit, 94 Everquest Events by Alison Knowles spirituality and, 70– spirituality and,70– Roman infl Rococco periodand,21– Renaissance and,17– mass productionand,77 long visalinesand,93– Holocaust and,165 Enlightenment and,18– dollhouses and,25– Dada and,37– chess and,107 Celtic infl board gamesand,81,83 postwar, 163– peepshow boxesand,19– methodological issuesand,252– magic circlesand,5,9,13,61,63,140, locative gamesand,189– home, 18– 144, 173,175– szentmihalyi andBennett),251 (Watts), 100 (game),225,289n13 uences and, 70– uences and,70– 19 ( uences and, 70– uences and,70– 169 38 see also 176, 192,262 (Eluard),160 (Shiomi), 100– (Shiomi),100– 183 32 71, 73 Homeenvironment) 18 (Knowles),101 94 21, 24 129, 156 25 222 21 71, 73 71 102 254 |

329

Flânerie, Fistﬁ Fisher Price,233 Finger Bookof Ancient Languages Find theEnd/ Film, 2,10,125 Fifty- Field, Cyrus,81 Fidchell, 71,73 Fernández, María,181 Feminism, 256,270n94,278n63. Fate, 68– Fascism, 42– Farmworker’s Theater, 12,101,176 Fantasy, 1,4– Fan culture,27,49,60,151,280n12 Famous Videos ofEdo | performance and,151– Hollywood and,151 gender and,14 gaze studiesand,58 fan cultureand,151 contests and,151 politics and,180– performance and,154,158,180– language gamesand,136 home environmentand,47,55– dolls and,31,34,54 performance and,173 computer gamesand,48– board gamesand,90 manga and,168– language gamesand,140 home environmentand,20,41,48– 141 266n44 267n31 Gender Computer games) ghts, 17 Eight Holes,68 193– 69, 90 43 A Fluxgame 5, 9 195, 207– 169 182 (HiroshigeII),75 208 152 (Coke),101 61, 249( (Knowles), 58, See also 182, 187, see also 61

Index | Index | Foucher, François, 21 Foucault, Michel,1,11,264n29 Foster, Hal,41– Fortuno, Nick,216 Fortune, 75– Fortuna, FortPaladin: America’sArmy For theCity Formanek- Folk practices,154 Fluxus West, 101– Fluxus MailOrderWarehouse, 112 Fluxus, 88,279n66 Fluxkits, 97– Flux- Flux Cabinet Fluegelman, Andrew, 183– Flow, 150,158 Florence, 73 Flatﬁ Flashmob Art,197 dynamics of power and, 190– dynamics ofpowerand,190– dolls and,27– unpredictable play and, 96– unpredictable playand,96– politics and,102– performance and, 96– performance and,96– new rulesand,175– narratives and,102– locative gamesand,201 language gamesand,97,118,139– interactive worksand,96– humor and,96,139 happenings and,96– experimentation and,96– computer gamesand,244 code of,118 chess and,112– board games and, 96– board gamesand,96– 187 le Galleries,236 Festivals, 171 107– (Holzer),144 Brunell, Miriam,27,31– (Saito),112 100, 141 76, 107– 108 28 43 116 102 103 176 108 103 97 105, 112– 105, 170– 105, 170– 97 184 97 (game),233 100 191 116 176, 185– 141 37 |

330

Fumage, 158 Fuga, La Friedlander, Salomo,131 4 Four Members Fountain Found- Freytag- Freud, Sigmund French Revolution Game, The, Frasca, Gonzalo,239– Franklin, Benjamin,108 Franck, Karen,232 France, 17,71,81,83,165 Fragonard, Jean- Fox andGeese,71,73 Fu Xi,69 Futurists, 89,129,151– Futurist Manifesto Fun | voyeurism and,58 virtual realityand,56– Surrealists and,88– home environmentand,27– board gamesand,88 The Sims pinball and,94 May studentrevolutionand,194 language gamesand,118– Bagatelle and,273n82 performance and,153 locative gamesand,204,207,211,220 language gamesand,125 home environmentand,56– critical playand,1,4,13 computer gamesand,230,249 board gamesand,84,87 Ј 33 153, 154 56, 58 Љ (4minutes, 33seconds) object theater, 40 (Duchamp),124 (game),197 Loringhoven, Elsavon,131– and,53 (Chatturanga),107 Honoré, 21,24 (Marinetti),152 89 241, 244– 241, 244– 152 57 (Tudor), 173 121 83 28, 40– 28, 40– 57 249 41, 134, Game ofPlaying DepartmentStore, The, Game ofChess, A Game developers. Gambling, 4,66,79,192,205,273n82 Gallery 291,153 Games Game oftheLittle Volunteer, Enlightenment perspectiveon,18– educational, 75– deﬁ cultural environmentof,20 content and,6 concentration, 241– computer, 1( board, 63– artists and,96– alternative, 1– agency and,3,7,13,35,41,45,73,92, activist, 13– everyday, 73– epic, 73– performance and,149– perfect informationand,63– military trainingand,18 as mediumofexpression,4 mass productionand,63,73,77– locative, 189– legitimizing studyof,67 language, 117– image- hard timesand,94– fun and, 1, 4, 13, 56– fun and,1,4,13,56– 249 225, 229,232– 96, 104,111,116,178,184,190,206, 80– Performance) 88, 94,103 204, 207,211,220,230,249 ning, 6– 81 based, 74 77 116 ( 15 ( 7, 156– 7, 156– see also 77, 189– 222 2 148 (Borione),107 105 see also see also 233 80, 105– See 157, 284n104 Computergames) 96 243 Design 57, 84,87,125,153, 191, 194– 191, 194– Activistgames) Boardgames) 187 ( 108, 223,239– 78 see also 65 197 78, 81,

21 78, |

331

Gender, 1,10,265n43,270n94 Genco, 94 Gebeta, 64 Gaze, 45,58– Gardner, Howard,138 Garden swings,21,24 Garcia, 10 WeGames of Played,Golden Age The:The Games forchange,243– Games andPuzzles—SwimPuzzleBoxGame | performance and,150 language gamesand,117,141– Industrial Revolutionand,8 gaze and,58– Freud and,58 ﬁ female degradationand,41– dolls and,26,29,31– derive conceptand,195– Darfur genocideand,245 Dada and,131– cultural imbalanceof,13– computer gamesand,13– chess and,108 activist gamesand,141– war, 105– as technology, 7– as systemsforcriticalthinking,93 self- rules and, 11, 150– rules and,11,150– rhythm, 241– repeatability and,160 purpose of,1 as process,160 plethora of,149 permutation and,160 lm and,14 289n5 Board and Table Games (Brecht), 97,100 playing, 233 116 59, 154,230 243 59, 154,230 134 10 151 ( 32, 37 (Hofer),77 249 see also 148, 180– 148, 180– 196 14, 223– 14 43 Rules) 148 227, 181

Index | Index | González, Jennifer, 14 Golf, Klemens,181 Goldsworthy, 201 Golden Nica,199 GO ECO Go, 275n103 Glowlab, 189,208 Glimcher, Marc,150 Glessner Lee,Frances,34– Giacometti, Alberto,10,91– Ghost intheShell Ghent- Germany, 71 George, Henry, 85,87 Geometry, 66,70,103 Geography ofHome Genetics, 230,232,234– Gendered Spaces Gender (cont.) as Wéiqí,69,105 strategy and,105 as specialgift,105 rules of,105 ritual and,105 politics and,105– perfect informationand,63 Heian Periodand,105 exportation toJapan,105 divination and,69,105 board gamesand,63– violence and,41– technology and,154– swinging and,21,24 Surrealists and,41– The Sims sexuality and,150( puns and,125 programmer demographicsand,13 politics and,42– 105 Bruges calendar, 18 (Ball), 106– (Ball),106– and, 54– and,54– (Spain),267n31 (Oshii),169 43 (Busch),52 43 107 55, 225 see also 47, 278n63 107 156 64, 69– 235 Sexuality) 35 94, 108,116 70, 73, |

332

Graffi Grace CurtisStevenshouse,28 GPS (GlobalPositioningSystem),191, Gozzi, Carlo,40 Gould, Jay, 81 Gottlieb, 94 Götland University, 205– Goose, 73,78 Gooding, Mel,134,149,157 Great Depression, 94– Great Depression,94– Graveyard Games,287n46 Grand TheftAuto Grandmama gameseries,78 Gramsci, Antonio,11,264nn28,31 Hebdige, Dick,264n31 Heartfi Heart Box heap, jane,131– Hawthorne, Nathaniel,118 Haussmann, Raoul,129,131,154,157 Harvard, 12 Happenings, 96– Handicap Run,171 Halatafl Haiti, 246 238,246 Hackers, 12,14,17,27,60–62, Guerilla streettheater. Guattari, Félix,117,147– Grosz, George,40 Grooms, Red,170,282n56 Grinder Chess Grimani Breviaries,18 Grettis Saga,71 Greenwich Village, 131– Greece, 17,26,104– Gutai movement,165– Guggenheim Museum,144,283n85 Guerrilla Girls,144– | 197 ti, 189,205– eld, John, 40 , 71 (Saito),171 (Saito),112 132 (game),223 97, 141,169– 206 105, 111,123 145, 148,187 96 170, 175 See 132 206 148, 163,169,185 Streetevents 170, 185 Home environment Holzer, Jenny, 12, 141,144,148 Holocaust, 165 Hollywood, 151 Hokusai, 75 Hofer, MargaretK.,77 Hockey, 13 Höch, Hannah,40,129,154,157 Hnefatafl Hitler, Adolf,42 ofSexuality History ofBoardHistory GamesOther thanChess, A Hispanic Americans,224 Hirst, Damien,113 Hiroshima, 102,165 Hiroshige II,75 Hindman, Sandra,18 Highmore, Ben,67 High art,10,266nn2,5 Higgins, Dick,169– Hidden MeaningsinChinese Art Hickey, EmilieP., 29 Heyward, Megan,198 Hemingway, Ernest,131 Hemings, Sally, 43– Hell Heizer, Michael,201 Heian Period,105 Hegemony, 28,264nn28,31 feminism and,267n31 Enlightenment and,18– education and,78 dolls and,37– computer gamesand,17,27,44,48– performance and,166,168,187 home environmentand,17,19 Fluxus and,88,96– 55, 59– 55, 59– (Murray), 65 lomew), 118 (ChapmanandChapman),43 , 71 61, 267n24,269n80 47 (Foucault),28,264n29 44 170 105 21 (Bartho- 49,

333

Huizinga, Johan,5,8,115,140,208,262 Hughes, Robert,131 Hoyt, Nancy, 201 House ofDust Hounds andJackals,68 Hoshi, 70 Horus, 68 Horses RunningEndlessly Horse racing,17 Horae Hopscotch, 8– Homosexuals, 43 Homo Ludens: A Study ofthePlay Elementin Homeless people,206 Identical Lunch Iceland, 71 Ibsen, Henrik,35 Hyde, James,176– Hybrid Games,194,197,216– Huxley, Aldous,131 Hutus, 241 Hutchinson, Sharla,41 Hussein, Saddam,208,238 Hush Humanrightscotch, 200 Human GenomeProject,235 | The Sims rules and,24,30,35,47,54,56,61– Rococco artand,21– peepshow boxesand,19– online gamesand,27 importance of,53 signiﬁ performance and,149 new rulesand,175 magic circleand,63 terrorism and,53 208 Culture (game),241– (Ghent- cation and,192– (Huizinga),5,8,115,175,192, and, 48– and,48– (Knowles),226 (Knowles),173 Bruges calendar),18 9, 200– 9, 200– 243 177 61 201 25 (Orozco),113– 193, 207 21 222 62 114

Index | Index | Innovation, 14 Ingeborg, QueenofNorway, 108 deBrodie,Informe El Information technology(IT),12 Industrial Revolution,8,17 Indochina Indica Gellery, 112 India, 107,246 Incense, 73 I Love Bees Illusion, 19,111,125,185,240,246 Be YourI’ll Angel I Like Frank IKEA, 53 Identity Game Interventions, 11– Inter- Situationniste Internationale Interactive City, 198,205 PaintingsInstruction Inventor’s dolls,35– “Intrusa, La”(Borges),227– Intruder, The performance and,163– performance and,160– methodological issuesand,251– ﬂ dolls and,30 locative gamesand,189– language gamesand,141,144 home environmentand,17 divination and,69– repeatability and,252 street eventsand,101( Situationist Internationaland,170,182, ow and,150 games 197– Performance) events) 194– Society forElectronicArts(ISEA), 198, 205 197 (Fahlström),102 (game),197 (game),198 (Bookchin),227– (Lantz),202 (Ostojic), 180– (Ostojic),180– 13. (Ono),112,140,175 (Borges),227 37 70 See also see also 169, 178– 163 ( 191 journal,195 228 Activist see also 231 Street 181 262 180

334

Jouet surréaliste J. OttmannLith.Co,78 Jordan, 64 Jones, Spike,170 Jones, MaryK.,290 Jonas, Joan,185 Jokes, 15,119 Johnson, Devon,241 Jim Crow Ten Pins Jews, 43,123 Jewel Chess Jesus Christ,81 Jesuits, 81 Jenkins, Henry, 13,265n43 Jefferson, Thomas,43– Jarry, Alfred,39– Japan, 69 Janjaweed, 245– Jameson, Frederick,264n28 Jamaica, 234– Jailbird Italy, 11,73,107,121,194 Israel, 123 Isidore, 66 Isabella, QueenofCastile,108 Irving, Washington, 118 Ireland, 71 Iraq, 64,208– Iran, 64 | war propaganda and, 94– war propagandaand,94– Sugoroku and,103 spirituality and,74– shogi and,177– postwar artand,165– pachinko and,94,273n82 manga and,168– Gutai movementand,165– Go and,105 board gamesand,73– (game),94 (Saito),112 210, 236– 210, 236– 235 (Cornell),90 246 178 40, 118– (game),78 169 75 169 77 44 238 121, 148,282n56 96 170 Laborscotch, 200 Laboratory methodology, 150 Kyoto, 75 Kuznets, Lois,27,56 Kuhn, Thomas,235– Kuenzli, Rudolf,125– Kruger, Barbara,154 Kosugi, Takehisa, 171 KingStag) König Hirsch (The Komplex, Dr., 40 Kokoschka, Oskar, 40,58 Knowles, Isobel,44 Knowles, Alison,41,226,282n63 Knossos, 66 Klemm, Christian,93 King Lear Kifu, 141 Kidnapping Kissinger Khinderspil (Children’s Games) Keep TokyoBombed Keeney, 94 Katamari Damashii Karaoke Ice Kaprow, Allan,140,169– Kandinsky, Wassily, 152 Kanayama, Akira,168 Kakuchi, Surundrini,74 Kahn, Eve,34 Kabuki, 77 Jung, Carl,40,158 Judd, Dennis,199– Joyce, James,131 Jousts, 17 Journal oftheIdenticalLunch, Journalists, 208 performance and,150,173– language gamesand,141 board gamesand,100– (Shakespeare),45– (game),217– (game),96 (game),1 200, 205 (Fahlström),102– 236 126 218 101, 112 170 (Gozzi),40 173 46 175 (Bruegel),18 103 |

335

Lantz, Frank,198,202,216 Language games,14,94 Landlord’s Game, The, Laforgue, Jules,127 Lacanian notions,56 | wordplay and,88,117– United Kingdomand,118,121– unexpected languageuseand, 117 unconscious and,127 truisms and,141,144 theater and,118– Surrealists and,134– Simultanism and,127,147– shock appealand,119 as secretlanguages,117– riddles, 117,276n2 puns, 15,117– Poe and,118,121,123 palindromes, 14,118– nihilism and,121 material wordsand,141– logic and,122 limericks, 117 Jarry and,118– gender and,117,141– France and,118– form and,118– Fluxus and,97,118,139– existentialism and,121 English and,118 divination and,123– Dada and,118,124– cross- China and,118 Carroll and,122– automatism and,127– activist gamesand,118– 192, 251 276n4, 277n22 276n2, 277n19 regional appealof,117 118, 123– 123 121 121 123 123, 126 14,85,87 124 127, 139 138 138 125, 148,259, 148 118, 123,127,129, 127, 147– 123, 141– 118 148 141 148 123 148, 148

Index | Index | Little SoldierBoy Little Review, The Little ComputerPeople Literature Liquid movement,158 Liquid Chess L’Intrépide Bébé(walkingdoll),30 Lin, Maya,201 Lichtenstein, Therese,42 L.H.O.O.Q. Leyden, Lucasvan,107 Lewitt, Sol,169,185,201 Lewis chessset,108 Let There BeFashion, Downwith Art Letterist art,201 LeSueur, Lucille,151 Lesbians, 136,138,162– Lerup, Lars,52 Lepers, 204 Leisure. Legal issues,87– Lefebvre, Henri Lee, Shuen- Lautréamont, 135 Victorian eraand,21,24,27 Surrealists and,156 Marxism and,24 free timeand,27 dollhouses and,25– deﬁ conspicuous consumptionand,25 children and,25 adult, 25 spatiality and,206– personal regulationand,28 performance and,174 locative gamesand,194,199 home environmentand,24 board gamesand,67 40 ning, 25 See also journal,89 (Duchamp),125 (Saito),112 shing, 244 Play (game),96 88 (Andersonandheap),131 207 32 (game),48 163 (Ernst), |

336

Locative games Location ofCulture, The Located media,200– Lo, Andrew, 73 | signifi rules and,197,201,203,207– rhetoric ofpowerand,190 resistance and,200– psychology of,194– play actionsvs.spacesand,202– playable mapsand,200– personal digitalassistants(PDAs)and, organizing tacticsfor, 200– offl objects and,198,207– music and,191– mobile mediaand,191– military and,190,208 locative vs.locatedmediaand,197– Letterist artand,201 interventionist spaceand,190– industry and,190 as hybridplay, 216– Graveyard Gamesand,287n46 GPS and,191,197 Fluxus and,201 fl examples ofrulesfor, 207– dynamics ofpowerand,190– disenfranchisement and,190 context and,207 colonization and,205 Cartesian worldviewand,190 autonomous zonesand,211,213,216 subversion and,193– sound and,191– Situationists and,194– ânerie 191 207 208 ine gamingand,207– cation and, 192– and,193– 192, 218 192 195, 207– 222 202 197 202 195, 207– (Bhabha),253 216 193, 207 197, 201,204,207– 194 201 216 216 208 202 191, 197– 216, 221 208 191 204 202 Magic squares,69,121 Magic circles,262 Magic, 69– Madrid Made toPlay House Madame Alexanderdolls,30 Maciunas, George,112,139– Machinists, 37 Macbeth Lyotard, Jean- Luo Record,69 Lugh (Celticgod),71 Lowell, Amy, 131 Low art,10,151,163,266n5 Louis IX,71 Looui, Suyin,210 Look Looking foraHusbandwithanEUPassport London, 52 L’Oiel cacodylate Logomacy Logic, 5– performance and,173,175– locative gamesand,192 language gamesand,140,144 home environmentand,61 critical playconceptand,5,9,13 board gamesand,63 performance and,152,156– locative gamesand,222 language gamesand,122,126– home environmentand,18,54 design and,253,256 board gamesand,96 Wi-Fi and,198 urban gamesand,197– technology and,189– 31, 35,37 (Ostojic), 181 magazine,151 (Frasca),241,244 (Shakespeare),39 (game),78 6, 9,12 70 François, 184 (Picabia),129 (Formanek- 194, 197– 198, 202– 176 157, 169 140, 170– 140, 170– Brunell), 129 202 204 171

337

Medieval tournaments,17 Medici, Francescodei,73 McLuhan, Marshall,251 McLoughlin Brothers,78,80– McCallum, Bradley, 43– Mazes, 78 Mayer, LouisB.,151 May, LeilaSilvana,122 Matisse, Henri,151– Math problems,88 Matara, 64 Mass production,37,77– Massively multiplayeronlinerole- Massive Games,197 Massachusetts InstituteofTechnology Masks, 18,33,39– Marxism, 24,28,197 Marionettes, 39– Marinetti, F. T., 152 Mariner’s Compass [Mapscotch] Maori, 67 Many holes,64 Mansion ofHappiness Man Ray, 41,108,125,132,153 Manifesto ofSurrealism Manga, 168– Mancala, 64– Man, Woman, andChild Man, Play andGames Mallarmé, 118,121,127,148 Malherbe, Suzanne,163 Malevich, Kazimir, 180 Make Roomfor TV Mahler, Alma,40 Magnetic Fields, The Magie, Elizabeth,85,87– | games (MMORPGs),223 (MIT), 9– 89, 135 (game), 200– (game),200– 10, 245 169 65, 271n2 41 (game),78 (Spiegel),267n31 41, 102,163 (BretonandSoupault), (game),78– (Caillois),88 152 (Breton),89 (Giacometti),91 44, 47 201 78, 88 88 81 80 playing

Index | Index | Monopoly Monopolist Monks, 105 Mogi Mitchell, Don,216 Mischmasch Miniatures, 18– Milton BradleyCompany, 78,80 Millet, Jean- Military OperationsinUrbanTerrain Military, 18,179– Milam, Jennifer, 21,24 Middle- Middle Ages,17– MGM Studios,151 Mexico, 93 Mexican Revolution,2 Metropolitan MuseumofArt,144 Methodological issues,60– Metapet Metal Gear Mesopotamia, 64,67,71,73,123 Mental Escapology Meiji period,75 serious gamesand,245– pinball and,94 Janjaweed and,245– locative gamesand,190,208 computer gamesand,245– shifts in play and, 260– shifts inplayand,260– participatory exchangeand,256– laboratory, 150 iterative designmodeland,254– importance of,252– design actionsand,259– Critical PlayMethodand,256– (MOUT), 179 The 291n6 (game),197 (Heartﬁ Class PhilistineHeartﬁ (Bookchin), 230– (Bookchin),230– (game),8,10,87,94,102 (game),78 (game),223 (Carroll),122 François, 196 eld), 40 20, 75 (Hirst),113 18 180 254 246 262 246 232 260 61, 251 246 eld Gone Wild, 259, 256 257 |

338

Montola, Markus,205– Montessori schools,25 Montage Nara, Yoshimoto, 169 Nakamura, Lisa,14 Nagasaki, 165 Nadja House Mystery Mutt, R.,124,277n22 Mu Torere, 67 Music, 103 Museum ofModernArt(MoMA),92– Murray, Janet,116,184 Murray, H.J.R.,64– Murakami, Takashi, 168 Murakami, Saburo,165 Munroe, Alexandra,165 Mulvey, Laura,13– Multiplayer games,1 Movie trailers,1 Movie stars,151 Mountford, Joy, 232 Moses, 81 Morax, René,40 “Morals ofChess,The”(Franklin),108 Moore, Marcel,163 | Surrealists and,90 performance and,149 online salesmodelfor, 12 locative gamesand,190– leisure and,25 gag eventsand,171 Fluxus and,100 downloading, 226 Cage and,101,109,140,170– 218 263n3 144 (Breton),89,278n63 (Shaw), 90– (Shaw),90– (game),226 14, 58 91 65, 67,70 206 192, 211,214, 171, 173, 93, Nochlin, Linda,176,187 Nitta, Taro, 77 Nissenbaum, Helen,289n2,291nn5,6 Nihilism, 121 Night ofBushCapturing, A: A Virtual Jihadi Night Music4:ProteinRaceScenario Night Music2:CancerEpidemicScenario New York HistoricalSociety, 77 NewsGaming New SchoolforSocialResearch,The,101, New GamesMovement,15,183– New GamesBook, The Netherlands, 18,26 NetAid, 246– Neopets Neolithic period,64 Neighbors fromHell Negri, Antonio,11 Natural CreepingBabyDoll,37 Native Americans,81 National Socialists,41– National Diet Narratives, 1– Nard, 66 translation and,127– rewriting and,33– manga and,168– as lineargames,7 language gamesand,117– Fluxus, 102– cut-ups and,157 critical doingand,184– computer gamesand,238 automatism and,157 (Bilal), 238 ström), 103 (Fahlström), 103 140 dation), 183– (game),48 (game),77 247 103 .com, 239 2 184 169 (game),48 35 (NewGamesFoun- 128 43, 233 185 148 190 (Fahl-

339

Nude DescendingaStaircase Nowacek, Nancy, 217 Normative behavior, 27– Nonplayer characters(NPCs),204,206, No More Play Noegel, Scott,123 Noderunner Objects Obadike, Mendi,187 Obadike, Keith,187 Nutshell StudiesofUnexplainedDutch Numb3rs Notes 7(“Gook”- Notes 6(Nixon’sDreams) Operation Urban Terrain (OUT): A Live Open software,27 Ono, Yoko, 112– “One Toss oftheDiceNeverWill Abolish 120 Improvisations(forChileII) 100 Poems by 100Poets Olympics, 17 Ollman, Bertell,88 Oldenburg, Claes,169 Oil God Obscenity, 119 Objet- Objet | performance and, 150– performance and,150– locative gamesand,198,207– sexuality and,162– readymade, 10,124,132,153,157,170, (Schleiner), 179– 233 (Glessner Lee),34 280n17 Action Wireless GamingUrbanIntervention Chance” (Mallarmé),127 103 (Cahun),162 dard (PersuasiveGames),248– (game),197 (Duchamp),126 (game),198 (Giacometti),92 masks) 113, 116,140,175– 180 163 (Utagawa),75 (Fahlström),102 (Fahlström),102 152, 162– 28 (Duchamp),152 (Fahlström), 216 249 163

176

Index | Index | Palindromes Palestine, 64 Palace at4AM, The Painting toSeetheSkies Painting toBeSteppedOn Pac- Pachinko, 94,273n82 Oxford ofBoard History Games Oxford EnglishDictionary, Oware, 64 Ovid, 66 Oval Billiard Table Ostojic, Tanja, 180– Oshii, Mamoru,169 Oser, Kris,225 Osenberg, Forian,183 Orton, Joey, 241 Orozco, Gabriel,103– Oppenheim, Meret,154 Paintings Paintball, 237 Paik, NamJune,171 Pahlavi, 107 PacManhattan “Pac- Poe and,122– Jarry and,119,148 increased useof,118 Greek/ Duchamp and,125 design and,14,259 Carroll and,122 visual punsand,117 trompe l’oeil, 19 as performance,151– Gutai movementand,165– Dutch mastersand,118 activist, 102– Man Man Fever”(BucknerandGarcia),10 Latin, 121,276n2 (game),10,198 (game),198 103 123, 277n19 (Orozco),104 (Giacometti),92– 182 105, 113 152 (Ono),140 (Ono),140 10 169 (Parlett),69 93 |

340

Patents Pasty Man,170,282n56 Participation. Parlett, David,69,71 Parker Brothers,10,78,80,87,96 Parcheesi, 78 Paranoia criticism,162,185,281n32 Paradigm shifting,12 Paprika Paper Tiger TV, 185,286n38 Pallanguli, 64 Performance, 15 Perfect information,63– Peer- Peepshow boxes,19– Pearce, Celia,112 | Dada and,152– cut-up techniqueand,157 cultural normsand,162 criticism ofgamemethodsand, 185– critical doingand,184– cos- as conversationstarters,176– as context,149,151 contests and,151 conceptual artof1960sand,169– collective methodsand,156– collage and,153– clothing and,165– cinema and,151– chain drawingand,160 dolls and,37– board gamesand,85– body and,149– board gamesand,177– automatism and,157 acting outresistanceand,180– pinball and,273n82 168– play and,177– to-peer exchange,224 (Oshii),169 169, 173, 180– 169, 173,180– See 39 150, 154,158,163,165, 156, 162,185– Performance 155 152 178, 187,218 166, 175– 21, 25 183 87 178 65 185 178 160 177 187 183 175 187 rules and, 54, 150– rules and,54,150– robotics and,168 reassembly and,157 postwar artistsand,163– photography and,162– permutation and,160 painting as,151– opportunities from,160– Surrealists and, 156– Surrealists and,156– street eventsand,101( spirituality and,152 social interrogationand,154 Situationists and,182 shogi and,177– sexuality and,150 sculpture and,168,176– scripts and,149– objects and,150– New GamesMovementand,183– music and,101,109,140,170– movement ofliquidand,158 methodological issuesand,150 masks and,18,33,39– intervention and,163– happenings, 96– Gutai movementand,165– fumage and,158 folk practicesand,154 Fluxus and,96– ﬂ exquisite corpseand,158 dolls and,40 dessin successif,160 design testingand,254,258 locative gamesand,189– language gamesand,118– laboratory workand,150 Kabuki, 77 ow and,150 events) 178 105, 170– 105, 170– 97, 141,169– 150 152 152, 162– 157, 168– 160, 186– 160, 186– 41, 102,163 169, 178– see also 163 177 169 192 163 176, 185– 123, 141– 163 170, 175 176, 181– Street 170, 185 187 171, 173 180 190 187 148 186 |

341

Pigs inClover Photography, 10,104 Phonograph Doll,37 Philosophy, 10,253,276n16 Philip II(kingofSpain),73 Petrilla, Jesse,238 Peter Packet Pervasive Games,197 Persuasive Games,248– Perspective experiments,19– Perspective BoxofaDutch Interior Personal Space Personal digitalassistants(PDAs),191 Perruque, 221,284n7 Picture games,64,74– Piccione, PeterA.,68 Picasso, Pablo,152 Picabia, Francis,129,153 | performance and,15,151– locative gamesand,198 dolls and,37,58 performance and,150,173,183,186 locative gamesand,190,194,200,207 language gamesand,122– home environmentand,18,24,56 computer gamesand,235,243 board gamesand,63,104– Would You OpentheDoorgameand, Vaudeville and,170 translation and,127– Time- theory ofperformativityand,150 Western visualcultureand,62 theater and,118– technology and,150– tactics for, 178– systemic approachand,153 Hoogstraten), 19– 158 Traveler’s Potlatchand,160 (game), 246– (game),246– (game),78 (Ostojic),180 180 123, 149– 20 128 75 156 249 247 123, 140 105, 111– 152, 162– 150, 176 21 (van 163 115

Index | Index | Ping Pond Table Pinched Ball Pinball, 91,94,273n82 Pilgrim’s Progress,78 Play Pitcher, George,122 Pirello, Brittany, 241 board gamesand,63– art historyperspectiveon,2– agency and,3,7,13,35,41,45,73,92, concept of critical, 4– concept ofcritical,4– computer gamesand,223– children and,24,138,260– cheating and,11,13,80,265n42,269n82 locative gamesand,189– language gamesand,118– lack ofresearchon,2 importance of,5 implication ofaction,115 hybrid, 194,197,216– hard timesand,94– fun and,1,4,13,56– free willand,205 Fluxus and,88,96– ﬂ Enlightenment perspectiveon,18– empowerment and,190– dollhouses and,25– deﬁ Critical PlayMethodand,256– creative developmentand,4– context and,94– concept ofpossibilityand,251 ânerie 225, 229,232– 96, 104,111,116,178,184,190,206, ( games) 204, 207,211,220,230,249 play) see also ning, 1, 4– ning, 1,4– and,193– Languagegames) (Orozco),104 (Orozco),103– 6 233 96 195, 207– 105 32 96 57, 84,87,125,153, 116 ( 6 ( 222 see also 222 191, 197– 123, 138– 249 see also 208 261, 287n55 4 5 104 Critical 259 Board 207 21 139 |

342

Politics. Polis Poetry, 2,75 Poe, EdgarAllan,118,121,123,277n19 Po Chü- Please Change Beliefs Play withMe Play Itby Trust Playing house. Playday Stories, Playable maps,200– | Go and,105– gender and,42– Fluxus and,102– feminists and,180– Fascism and,42– EU passportsand,181 Darfur genocideand,245– board gamesand,85,87– art and,2 phonetic, 129,131 performance and,174 language gamesand,127– The Sims scrapbook houseand,28 dollhouses and,25– whimsy and,21– thirdspace and,253– technology and,7– symmetric, 94 subversion and,10– shifts in,260– Rococco artand,21– performance and,149– methodological issuesand,251– meaningful, 94 magic circlesand,5,9,13,61,63,140, Performance) 144, 173,175– (game),111 See also i, 105 and, 48– and,48– (Knowles), 44– (Knowles),44– (Ono),112– 33 107 See also 262 Activistgames 176, 192,262 43 25 103 43 61 (Holzer),144 10 ( 201 182, 266n44 32 13 254 Homeenvironment 25 see also 150 ( 88 113, 116 129, 145,147 246 45 see also Technology) 262

Power, 56 Poverty, 79– Pound, Ezra,131– Post Ofﬁ Pornography Poppenhuis van Petronella Oortman Poppenhuis van Petronella delaCourth, Het Pop art,168,269n77 Pong Pompeii, 121 Pollack, Jackson,168 Politics, Philosophy andCulture: Interviews spatiality and, 204– spatiality and,204– social issues and, 190– social issuesand,190– dynamics of,190– computer gamesand,230 Surrealists and,41 dolls and,58– convulsive beautyand,41 board gamesand,75,77 war propaganda and, 94– war propagandaand,94– thirdspace and,253– TakeNow Action subversion and,10– Rwanda and,241– pinball factoriesand,94 performance and,179– National Socialistsand,42– methodological issuesand,253 Marxism and,197 lesbianism and,162– Iraq and,236– interventions and,11– Golden Nicaand,199 207 House ofPetronellaOortman),26 (Utrecht Dollhouse),26 cault), 1 and Other Writings 1977– (game),10 ce Game, 80, 85, 243, 246– 80, 85,243,246– 59 238 78 buttonand,246 132 191 243 207 13 254 163 191, 197– 13 182 95 1984 43, 233 247, 277n22 (Fou- 202, 204– 202, 204– (Doll’s

343

Prussian ArchangelPrussian Prostitutes, 206 Prosopopeia Progress andPoverty Production ofSpace, The Process of Wearing Armor Printing, 101 Pretty Girl Psychology, 3 Psychogeography, 14,193,195,198, 205, Puns, 15,117,277n22. | performance and,149– methodological issuesand,252– locative gamesand,194– gratuitous diffi gaze and,58– Fluxus and,88,96– fl home environmentand,27– performance and,170 cut-ups and,157 board gamesand,73– Dada and,37– computer gamesand,236– board gamesand,88 binarisms of,270n101 automatism and,127– The Sims Surrealists and, 41– Surrealists and,41– unconscious and,28,41,88– Duchamp and, 124– Duchamp and,124– divination and,123– ancient, 123– ânerie 208, 260 ter), 40 Performance) games 264n29, 278n63,279n66 135, 148– and,193– and,57– (Höch),154 (game),206 149, 153, 156– 149, 153,156– 124 59 culty and,88 41 (Heartfi 195 61 (George),85,87 105 47, 88– 127 124 (Lefebvre),199 75, 77 138 See also (Utagawa),77 187 ( eld andSchlich- 197 160, 163,166, 238 94 28, 56 see also 90, 127– Language 254

128,

Index | Index | Regan, Shade,187 Re- Redgrave, Montague,94,273n82 Reassembly, 157 Readymade objects,10,124,132,153,157, Rancière, Jacques,260 Rag dolls,37 Racial issues “Race CrossinginJamaica”(Vanouse), Ra, 68 Quest forSaddam Quakers, 85 Qing Dynasty, 118 Qarqis, 64 Puzzles from Wonderland Puzzles, 6 Puppets, 17,119 Puns (cont.) derive conceptand,195– computer gamesand,224,226,238 board gamesand,81,83– puns and,123– psychology and,88 language gamesand,117,119( Fluxus, 96– board gamesand,63– marionettes and,39– Jarry and,39– dolls and,39( Dadaism and,39– visual, 118,124– Simultanism and,147– as lowestformofhumor, 123 170, 280n17 235 Language games) games) dressing. 105 See see also 40 127 Reskinning (Bilal),238 127, 276n4 41 Dolls) 41 64 ( (Carroll),122 148 196 85 see also see also Board

344

Relative Velocity InscriptionDevice(RVID), Riddles, 117,276n2 Richards, Kate,199 Rhythm games,241– Rewriting, 14,189,262 Rethinking Wargames: A ChancetoRemaster Reskinning, 14,262 Republican NationalConvention,179 Rensselaer PolytechnicInstitute,238 Renaissance, 17– Rembrandt, 19 Religion, 21 | performance and,178 language gamesand,127,139,144,148 home environmentand,32– computer gamesand,229,240,243 board gamesand,87,96,102,116 war propagandaand,94– performance and,178 locative gamesand,189,191,221– language gamesand,127,139,144,148 home environmentand,32– Guerrilla Girlsand,144– computer gamesand,226,236– changeover unitsand,94,96 board gamesand,84,87,94,96,102– zen, 105– Wandering Jewand,81 Go and,105 fortune vs.virtueand,107– Christianity, 81 chess and,107– Catholic Church,18,25,107– Buddhism, 74– board gamesand,71,74– anti-Semitism and,81,83 The Conﬂ 113 (Vanouse), 233– ict (Catlow),113– 107 75, 105– 108 18, 73,107,150 243 234 107 115 96 145, 148 75, 78 108 35, 48,60 34, 48,57,60 108 239, 243 222 103, Rules, 284n104 Royal GameofUr, 65– Rousseau, 118 Round theWorld games,81 Roth, Erik,12,30 Rosler, Martha,12,47,176,224,269n77 Rosemont, Penelope,157 Rorschach, Hermann,158 Roman Empire,17,26,66,70– Romance, 278n63 Rollefson, Gary, 64,70 Rodeos, 25 Rodchanko, Alexander, 150 Rococco art,17,21– Rock, paper, scissors(RPS),285n14 Robotics, 168,233 Rituals, 5,58 Rise oftheNetwork Society, The Rimbaud, 118,135 fortune vs.virtueand,107– Fluxus and,97,102 design and,252,254,257 Dada and,131 criticism ofgamemethodsand,185– Critical PlayMethodand,257 Catholic Churchand,107 board gamesand,63– teddy bearsand,27 swinging and,21,24 subversion and,118 locative gamesand,196 home environmentand,19,28 chance and,153 spirituality and,67– magic and,69 Go and,105 board gamesand,68 87– 232 88, 94, 97, 102, 106– 88, 94,97,102,106– 25 73 65, 68,73,78– 66 107, 111– 108 (Castells), 71 113 79, 187 |

345

Scott, JamesC.,260 Schön, Donald,255– Schob, Lucy, 43 Schmitt, Carl,115 Schlichter, Rudolf,40 Schleiner, Anne- Scatology, 119 Sator- Sanskrit, 107 San Francisco Chronicle, Sand, 118 Samurai, 105 Salen, Katie,6– Saito, Takako, 112,171 Sage, Kay, 90 Sadomasochism, 59– Ryder Rwanda, 241– Russian Suprematists,180 Russian Revolution,2 Russian Constructivism,21,89,129,150 Russ, Larry, 64 RUNNERS: Wolfenstein Rules ofPlay | performance and, 54, 150– performance and,54,150– New GamesMovementand,183– new, 175– methodology for, 254 locative gamesand,197,201,203,207– language gamesand,123,131,136,144 home environmentand,24,30,35,47, social issues and, 4– social issuesand,4– science and,236 216, 221 54, 56,61– 253 285n14 181– (Barnes),136 Rotas rebus,121,276nn13,14 186 176 (SalenandZimmerman),7 62 243 7, 94, 186, 216– 7, 94,186,216– Marie, 14,178– 60 15, 24,94,96,233, 256 34 (Stern),233 157, 168– 217 180, 243, 190 176,

Index | Index | Sexuality, 28,85 Sex toys,40 Seven DadaManifestos Seuss, Dr., 117 Serious games,243– 12th: AToySeptember World September 11attacks,114,219,269n88 Senet, 65– Sculpture Scrapbook houses,28 Semiotics oftheKitchen Selchow andRighter, 78 Sélavy, Rrose,125,127 Seeburg, 94 Second Life Sears Roebuck,28 Sharpe, RogerC.,94 Shang dynasty, 70 Shakespeare, 39,45– Shadow Painting Surrealists and, 41– Surrealists and,41– The Sims pornography and,41,58,75,77 performance and,150 online sexindustryand,59– lesbianism and,136,138,162– homosexuality and,43 Freytag- Foucault and,28,264n29 female degradationand,41– dolls and,40– computer gamesand,227– board gamesand,75,77 activist gamesand,180– board gamesand,92– visual punsand,118 readymade objectsand,10,124,132,153, performance and,168,176– 241, 244,247,249 157, 170,280n17 Loringhoven and,132 and, 59– and,59– 69, 271nn20,22 (game),48,58,226 42, 58– (Ono),140 60 249, 290n46 46 43 (Tzara), 128– (Tzara), (Rosler),47 59 93, 113– 181 (Frasca),239– 232 60 177 43 114 163 129 |

346

Simultanism, 14– Simultanism, 14– Sims 2, The Sims Online, The, Sims, The Simms, Eva- Sim City Silverstone, Robert,52 Shugetsu, Shosai,77 Shooter games, 94– Shooter games,94– Shomu, EmperorofJapan,105 Shoguns, 105 Shogi, 177– Shiomi, Mieko(Chieko),100– Sherman, Cindy, 154 Sheep andWolf, 71 Shaw, George,140 Shaw, Charles,90– | research methodsand,251– puns and,147– language gamesand,127 automatism and,127– utopia and,52 unplaying and,60 technology and,53 subversion and,57– suburban lifeand,52– sexuality and,59– ritual and,58 rewriting and,60 reskinning and,60 record salesof,269n78 psychology and,56– player uploadsto,50 mass consumptionand,54– gender and,54– empowerment and,56 dolls and,48– desire and,56– controllable spaceand,53 anxiety and,58 (game),48,239 (game),14,223,232 (game),50 178 Maria, 56 61 148 57 225 55 15, 260 60 91 96, 178– 61 61 134 56 179, 239– 55 252 102, 171 241 Snap- Social issues,283n67 Social impactgames,243– Social function,283n67 Snow, Moon, andFlower Snakes andLadders Smokey theBear, 102 Smithson, Robert,201 Smith, Samara,210– Smith, Hélène,135 Smack theJaps Slippertje, Slippers, The “Slaughter” (game),184 Skywriting, 14,260 Situationists, 170,182 Sitney, P. Adams,125 Single Tax Movement,85,87 Enlightenment and,18– empowerment and,190– dollhouses and,25– Dada and,37– conceptualization ofchildhood and,24– computer gamesand,223– class and,21,85,88 civil rightsand,2– bourgeois cultureand,89 anticommodity artand,201– activist gamesand,118– walking and,196 Surrealists and,195 May studentrevolutionand,194 Marxism and,197 locative gamesand,194– formation of,194 ﬂ derive conceptand,195– Dada and,195 ânerie Activist games) 207– Shot- 208 and,193– 118 City (vanHoogstraten),19 (game),94 (game),198 41 ( (game),68,73– 195, 207– see also 3 32 211 (Shosai),77 123 ( 21 Dada) 196 191, 197– 197, 201,204, 249 249 208 202 see also 74, 83 207

25 |

347

Souzis, Ariana,211,213,216 South Africa,102 Soupault, Philippe,89,135 Sound games,15,112 Sound Chess Sonic encounters,191– Song- Song Dynasty, 73 Soldier TenPins Soja, Edward,253 Sodomy, 42 Social technologies,9– | swinging and,21,24 Surrealists and,41– subversion and,10– suburban lifeand,52– society ofcontroland,190 The Sims shooting gamesand,94– serious gamesand,243– rules and,4– role ofleisureand,25( postwar environmentand,163– personal regulationand,28 performance and,149( normative behaviorand,27– Monopoly methodological issuesand,251– long visalinesand,93– locative gamesand,190( interventions and,11– hopscotch and,8– hard timesand,94– group preferenceand,21,24 game designand,61– fun, 1,4,13,56– fan cultureand,27,49,60,151,280n12 Performance) games) 207, 211,220,230,249 per- and, 48– and,48– gameand,10 song model,12 (Saito),112 15, 24,94,96,233,285n14 (game),78 57, 84,87,125,153,204, 61 9 47 96 13 62 10 56 192 13 94 see also see also 249 96 see also 28 Play)

Locative 169 262

Index | Index | Spatiality Spain, Daphne,267n31 SpaceWars! Sowing games,64– Spirituality, 67 Spiegel, Lyn, 53,267n31 Spice Chess Spencer, Herbert,140,173,279n71, signiﬁ play actionsand,202– performance and,168( methodological issuesand,253 magic circlesand,5,9,13,61,63,140, locative gamesand,189– hybrid gamesand,194,197,216– histories and,193 Fluxus and,103– ﬂ empowerment and,204– dollhouses and,25– Dada and,128 controllable spacesand,53 context and,207 categorization of,206– board gamesand,63 Mesopotamia and,71,73 Japan and,74– fate and,68– Europe and,70– Egypt and,68– divination and,3,67– China and,69– Book oftheDeadand,68 virtual spaceand,52– thirdspace and,253– The Sims ânerie Performance) 144, 173,175– 124, 158 283n67 cation and,192– and,193– and, 48– and,48– (Saito),112 (game),9– 69 75 70 69 176, 192,262 71, 73 104 195, 207– 61 65 32 10 254 70, 75– 61 204 193, 207 207 see also 222 207 208 76, 105,123–

222 |

348

Subversion Suburbia, 52– Street events,229 Strategy Stoner, 94 Stone, Sandy, 150 Stieglitz, Alfred,153 Stevens, Wallace, 131– Stern, Eddo,233,243 Steiner school,25 Stein, Gertrude,286n38 “Statement onIntermedia”(Higgins),170 Starbucks, 12 Stanley’s March Across theDark Continentfor Stanley, HenryMorton,84 Sports, 4,17,25,266n1 | defi Dadaism and,37– board gamesand,88– Situationists and,144 playable mapsand,200– performance and,12,15,150,153,171, locative gamesand,194– Fluxus and,101,140 design and,14,253,259– Dada and,132 critical playconceptand,3,12,14– war gamesand,105– psychology and,88 board gamesand,63– hegemony and,264nn28,31 gender and,41– gaze and,58– fl dolls and,32,33 Surrealists and,135 performance and,152 ânerie 176, 179,182,189 201– the ReliefofEminPasha ning, 10– ning, 10– 205, 208, 210, 214– 205, 208,210,214– and,193– 56 13, 264n30 59 43 195, 207– 41 116 132 64 116 (game),83– 201 195, 198– 260 218 208 199, 15 85 Surrealists, 102 Surrealisme dela revolution, auservice Le Suprematists, 180 Sunday GameofBibleQuestions, The, Sumerian, 124 Sugoroku, 74– Sue, Eugène,81,83 Sudan, 245– mental illnessand,89,128 long visalinesand,93– language gamesand,134– grotesqueness of,41 gender and,41– game defi Futurism and,89 fumage and,158 Freud and,88– female degradationand,41– exquisite corpseand,14,136,158,160 dolls and,41– disagreeable objectsand,93 cut-up techniqueand,157 convulsive beautyand,41 Constructivism and,89 collective methodsand,156– chess and,108– chain drawingand,160 bourgeois cultureand,89 interventions and,11– board gamesand,88– automatism and,127– unplaying and,33 Surrealism and,41– The Sims rule systemsand,11 Monopoly locative gamesand,189– language gamesand,117 (periodical), 91 Interventions) and,57– and,87 nition of, 156– nition of,156– 246 75, 77,103 47, 93 89 110 47, 278n63 61 47 94, 108– 134, 157 13 ( 94 157 195, 207– see also 138 43 160 110

78 208

349

Symbolism Swiss MarionetteTheater, 40 Swinging, 21,24 Swing, The Sweden, 71,205– SUVs, 52 Sutton- Survival Series, The Surrealist Women | performance and, 156– performance and,156– paranoia criticismand,162,185 movement ofliquidand,158 symbolism and, 41– symbolism and,41– spirituality and,135 Situationist Internationaland,195 sculpture and,92– research methodsand,251– reassembly and,157 reality and,90 readymade objectsand,10,124,132,153, pornography and,41 Fluxus and, 88, 96– Fluxus and,88,96– Dada and,37– chess and,107– role ofleisureand,25 play ambiguityand,5,266n2 methodological issuesand,260– innocence ofplayand,204– girls’ identity and,31 children and,287n55 writing and,134– Would You OpentheDoorgameand, World War Ieffectsand,89,128– violence and,41– total liberationofthemindand,89– Time- themes ofunconsciousand,89 157, 170,280n17 158 135 Traveler’s Potlatchand,160 Smith, Brian,4,20,55 (Fragonard),21 41 116 (Rosemont),157 206 43 (Holzer),141,144 138 93 105 47, 88– 160, 186– 160, 186– 94 252 205 261 187 129, 90

Index | Index | Technology, 1– Teatro Campesino,El,12,176 Tea ceremony, 105 Taylor, Sue,42 Taxes, 3,85,87 Tawlbwrrd, 71 Taueret, 68 Tarry, Jacqueline,43– Tang Dynasty, 73,141 Tanaka, Atsuko,165– TakeNow Action Taj MahalTravelers, 171 ﬂ Ta Taeuber, Sophie,40 Tactical IceCream Unit Tabula Tablut fromLapland,71 Symons, Steve,191– Symmetric play, 64 Symbolism (cont.) Surrealists and, 41– Surrealists and,41– Rococco artand,21,24– Marxism and,24 war and,105– computers, 144– computers, 144– communication, 94 business modelsand,12 algorithmic speciﬁ adaptation and,224– activist gamesand,225 information, 12 238,246 hackers, 12,14,17,27,60–62, Gutai movementand,165– guerilla, 223 GPS, 191,197 genetics and,230,232,234– gender and, 154– gender and,154– games as,7– email and,1,232,247,287 (table)games,71– (boardgame),66 10 116 2, 151– button,246 145, 223– 156 city and,8– 192, 197 47, 88– 168, 175 44 (game),217 225 73 152, 185 25 249 94 166 235 9 |

350

“Theory ofGameChange”(Brand), 184 “Theatre oftheOppressed”(Boal), 245, Théâtre d’Art, Paris,39 Theater, 176 Thackeray, William Makepiece,121 Tezuka, Osamu,168 Text Rain Terrorism, 114,219,238 Ten Up Ten Spot Tengen, 69 Temporary AutonomousZone(TAZ), 211, Templar MagicSquare,12,121 Tekken Torture Tournament Teddy bears,27 | performance and,118– mechanized, 39– language gamesand,118– Kabuki, 77 found- dolls and,39– abstract, 40 locative mediaand,205 economic issuesand,53 activist gamesand,239– Wii, 225 Wi- thirdspace and,254 social, 9– The Sims reaction against,152,165– printing and,73– personal digitalassistants(PDAs)and,191 performance and,150– peer- mobile, 191– mass productionand,37,77– locative gamesand,189– 258 213, 216 Fi, 198 to-peer exchangeand,224 (game),78 (game),94 object, 40 (UtterbackandAchitiv),145,147 and,53 10 194, 225 40 40 75, 77 123, 149– 156 243 (Stern),233 194, 197– 123 166 78, 88 150, 176 202 Uncle Roy AllAroundYouUncle “Uncanny, The”(Freud),41 Ulysses Uncle Sam,102 Ubu Roi Ubu Rex Ubu Enchained Ubu Cuckholded Ubiquitous Games,197 Tzara, Tristan, 128– Twinning dolls,43– Twin CitiesDesignCelebration,198 Twenty Squares,65– Turner, Victor W., 5 Tudor, David,173 Truisms Truisms, 141,144 Trompe l’oeil paintings,19 Travel games,84– Trap theJap Translation, 127– Transition Algorithm Trademark violations,87– Traces Toys, 17 Topsy Turvy Topographic boards,92 Time- Tiddlywinks, 78 Thoreau, HenryDavid,118 Thirty Squares. Thirdspace, 253– Victorian eraand,28 sex, 40 mass productionand,37,77– increased commercialismof,27 handmade, 27 dolls and,37( as culturalmarkers,56 (Hayward),198 (Joyce), 131 (Joyce), Traveler’s Potlatch,160 (Holzer),144 (Jarry), 39,119– (Jarry), (Jarry), 119 (Jarry), (McCallumandTarry), 43– (game),96 (Jarry), 119 (Jarry), (Jarry), 119 (Jarry), see also See 128 254 85 Senet (Looui),210 44 129, 157 66 Dolls) (game),198 120 88 78, 88 44 |

351

United States,2,6,253 United Kingdom,17,27 Unconscious | Vietnam War and,165,183 terrorism and,53 The Sims rich/ programmer demographicsand, 13 pinball and,94 performance and,169– long visalinesand,93– Industrial Revolutionand,8 Great Depressionand,94– Goose and,73 foreign policyand,102 doll industryand,27,37 Dadaism and,38 computer gamesand,13,49– Civil War and,27 checkers and,67 board gamesand,77– Bagatelle and,273n82 Wales, 71 subversion of,41– pinball and,94 long visalinesand,93– London populationgrowthand,52 language gamesand,118,121– draughts and,67 Surrealists and,41,89– Simultanism and,127– performance and,149,153,156– language gamesand,127– Jung and,158 home environmentand,28,41 Freud and,28,88,156,264n29 board gamesand,88– automatism and,153,157 278n63, 279n66 166 poor gapin,204 and, 48– and,48– 61 43 88 90 128, 148 94 94 175 90, 135,157– 128, 135,148 96 50, 263n1 123 160, 163, 160,

Index | Index | Venice Viennale, 181 Vem Grater Veblen, Thorstein,25 Vaudeville, 170 Van Sowerwine,44– Vanouse, Paul,233– Vanity Fair van Hoogstraten,SamuelDirksz,19– Vanderbilt, William Henry, 81 Values atPlayproject,241,290n40,291n5 Vagamundo:Migrant’s ATale Vaché, Jacques,128,135 Utterback, Camille,145 Utrecht Dollhouse,26 Utopia, 3,52 Utagawa Yoshikazu, 77 Utagawa Toyo Kuni,75 Utagawa Fusatane,77 U.S. DepartmentofHomelandSecurity, Uru Urlibido, 40 Urban Games,197– Ur, 67 “Untitled GuidelinesforHappenings” Unplaying, 14 University ofWaterloo, 77 performance and,165,186 locative gamesand,189 language gamesand,139,148 home environmentand,32– computer gamesand,229,236– critical playdesignand,260,262 board gamesand,96,102 24– 24– 221 53 Locative games (Kaprow), 170 (game),225 26 (Thackeray), 121 (Thackeray), (game),205– 198, 202– 236 ,243 47, 58 206 (Zuñiga),219– 35, 45– 204. 237 See also 48, 60 21,

352

Wang You QingLeJi(ancientGo Wandering Jew, The Wanamaker’s Department Store,87 Walt DisneyProductions,168 Walking, 30,104,196– Wales, 71 Waern, Annika,205– W. &S.B.IvesCompany, 78 Voyeurism, 58 Vivoleum, 183 VIRTUAL SHIELD,237 Virtual reality, 205 Violence Vikings, 71 View ofanInterior Vietnam War, 165,183 “Video GamesoftheOppressed”(Frasca), Video games. Victorian Era,17,189 Victoria, QueenofEngland,73 Vertical Roll Verlaine, 118 | The Sims psychoanalysis and,56– creative motivationsand,56– Surrealists and,41– Nazis and,42– dolls and,33– terrorism’s impacton,53 increased usageof,49– gender and,13– dolls and,48– toy boomof,28 personal regulationand,28 dolls and,27– critical playand,32– manual), 70 244, 247– and, 48– and,48– (Jonas), 185 (Jonas), 248 See also 32, 58 35 52 43 14 (vanHoogstraten),19 61 (Sue),81,83 43 Computergames 206 35 197, 215 50 58 57 Wollen, Peter, 198 Wolff, Werner, 40 Wolff, Shepard,183 Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 122,235 Winner, Langdon,253 Williams, William Carlos,132 Williams, Roberta,226 Williams, Raymond,11,264n28 Williams, Ken,226 Wii- Wi- Whole EarthCatalog Whitney MuseumofAmericanArt,131, Whiteread, Rachel,12,47– Whirligigs, 18 “What IsBecoming?”(Deleuze),139 What Do You Buy? Wéiqí. Weimar system,42 Weight Chess Watts, Robert,100– Water Yam Waterdrop Painting Water Babies Warri, 64 War atSea War Surrealists and,89 Rwanda and,241– reaction to,38,40,89,128– postwar environmentand,163– Nagasaki and,165 metaphor of,105 Holocaust and,165 Hiroshima and,165 Greek gamesand,111 board gamesand,105– 144, 180,283n85 183, 189 Fi, 198 style systems,225 See (Brecht),97,99– (game),78,96 Go (Covert),40 (Saito),112 (game),80 (Ono),140 243 (Brand),183 101 116 48 100 129, 135,152, 169 |

353

World War II,2,52– World War I,2 World Trade Organization,182 World Trade Center, 114,239 World of Warcraft Wordplay. Woods, Stewart,243 You Are NotHere (YANH), Yoshimoto, 112 Yes Men,The,182– Yerba BuenaArtsCenter, 283n85 Yellow RiverDiagram,69 Yankee Pedlar, The Yalom, Marilyn,108 Yale University, 66,260 Wright, Will, 53 Would You OpentheDoor(game),158 Zürn, Unica,138,278n63 Zurkow, Marina,217 Zuñiga, RicardoMiranda,219– Žižek, Slavoj,58– Zimmerman, Eric,6– Zimbabwe, 246 Zhou dynasty, 69– Zen, 105– You- | Surrealists and,89,128– mental effectsof,128 gender and,42– Dada and,38,40 artistic reactionto,38,40,89,128– 135, 152,189 never- 107 See win games,243– Languagegames (game),1,225 (game),80 43 59 70 183 56 7, 94,186 129, 135 208– 249 210 221 129,

Index |