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N a t h a n C a r l i n is assistant professor in the McGovern Center for Humanities and Ethics at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth). He is director of the Medical Humanities and Ethics Certificate Program for medical students. He is the coauthor of Living in Limbo: Life in the Midst of Uncertainty (Cascade, 2010), 100 Years of Happiness: Insights and Findings from the Experts (Praeger, 2012), and Medical Humanities: An Introduction (Cambridge University Press, 2014). He has also published over one hundred essays, articles, and book reviews. He holds a BA in History from Westminster College, a Master of Divinity from Princeton Theological Seminary (with a focus on Pastoral Theology), and an MA and PhD in Religious Studies from Rice University. S u s a n n a h C o r n w a l l is Advanced Research Fellow in the Department of Theology and Religion, University of Exeter, United Kingdom, and director of EXCEPT (Exeter Centre for Ethics and Practical Theology). She was previously Lincoln Theological Institute Postdoctoral Research Associate in the Department of Religions and Theology, University of Manchester, United Kingdom, where she led the Intersex, Identity, Disability: Issues for Public Policy, Healthcare and the Church pro- ject. Her previous books include Sex and Uncertainty in the Body of Christ: Intersex Conditions and Christian Theology (Equinox, 2010), Controversies in Queer Theology (SCM Press, 2011), and Theology and Sexuality (SCM Press, 2013). She serves on the executive committee of the Society for the Study of Theology. M e g a n K . D e F r a n z a (PhD, Marquette University) is a visiting researcher at the Boston University School of Theology working with the Institute for the Bio-Cultural Study of Religion’s Sex Differences and Religion Project. She has served as an adjunct professor of Theology at Gordon College (Wenham, Massachusetts) and as visiting instructor in 232 ● Contributors

Church History at Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary (Hamilton, Massachusetts). Her book Sex Difference in Christian Theology: Male, Female, and Intersex in the Image of God (Eerdmans, 2015) brings inter- sex into conversation with Roman Catholic and Evangelical theological anthropologies. J o h n H a r e i s Quond a m Fel low of Hu g he s Ha l l, Un iver sit y of C a mbr id ge, United Kingdom. He qualified in medicine in 1964. A former con- sultant obstetrician and gynecologist at Hinchingbrooke Hospital, Huntingdon, United Kingdom, he is the author of over one hundred scientific papers. He was ordained a priest in the Church of England in 2003 and recently retired from his position as an assistant priest in the Diocese of St Edmundsbury and Ipswich. His writing on intersex and the- ology includes “‘Neither Male nor Female’: The Case of Intersexuality,” in Duncan Dormor and Jeremy Morris (eds.) An Acceptable Sacrifice? Homosexuality and the Church (London: SPCK, 2007). P a t r i c i a B e a t t i e J u n g is Visiting Professor of Christian Ethics at Saint Paul School of Theology in Kansas City, . She is a Roman Catholic lay woman who has written extensively in Christian sexual ethics. She is the coeditor, with Shannon Jung, of Moral Issues and Christian Responses (Fortress, 2012); with Aana Maria Vigen, of God, Science, Sex and Gender: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Christian Sexual Ethics (University of Illinois, 2010); and with Darryl Stephens, of Professional Sexual Ethics: A Holistic Ministry Approach (Fortress, 2013). She is nearing the completion of a monograph titled Sex on Earth as It Is in Heaven. Stephen Craig Kerry is lecturer in Sociology at Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia. He holds a PhD from the University of Newcastle, Australia. Over the past decade he has researched the social lives, identities, and relationships of intersex Australians, with the aim of increasing broader societal awareness of the issues pertain- ing to the psycho-social trauma experienced by intersex individuals and their various paths to health and well-being. Most notably, this includes an examination of the role of religion and religiosity as a means of sup- port and understanding. His publications include Are You a Boy or a Girl? Intersex and Genders: Contesting the Uncontested (Saarbrü cken: VDM, 2008). J o s e p h A . M a r c h a l is associate professor of Religious Studies and Women’s and Gender Studies at Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana. His research and teaching focuses upon biblical studies and critical Contributors ● 233 theories of interpretation, especially feminist, postcolonial, and queer perspectives and practices. His books include The Politics of Heaven: Women, Gender, and Empire in the Study of Paul (Fortress, 2008), Studying Paul’s Letters: Contemporary Perspectives and Methods (Fortress, 2012), and Philippians: Historical Problems, Hierarchical Visions, Hysterical Anxieties (Sheffield Phoenix, 2014). While he is currently preparing a second edited collection, he is most particularly focused upon finish- ing a larger study implementing newer queer approaches to the places Pauline epistles and interpretations deploy a series of perversely femi- nized figures. He serves on several editorial boards, and as the chair of the Gender, Sexuality, and the Bible Section of the Society of Biblical L i t e r a t u r e . Index

5-Alpha Reductase Deficiency Barbin, Herculine (Abel/Alexina), 100, (5-ARD), 71, 85, 99 103, 121 17-Beta Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Barth, Julian and Moshe Zemer, Deficiency (17-Beta HSD), 85 84–5, 90 “bathroom panopticon,” 133 Abraham (biblical figure), 12, 83 Beloved Disciple (biblical figure), 31 Accord Alliance, 16, 115n4 Bible (and see list of biblical references Achaemenid dynasty, 59 below), 12, 13, 14, 15, 29–30, Adam (biblical figure), 13, 17, 70n3, 31, 32, 43, 56, 80, 83, 148–9, 87, 112–13, 150, 199 150–1, 153, 162, 163, 165, Against the Heathen (Athanasius), 149 180–3, 203, 204 Alexander the Great, 59 Biblical and Talmudic Medicine Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (Preuss), 83–4 (AIS), 4–5, 58, 71n14, 85, 130, Bird, Phyllis, 184 154, 155, 156, 157, 159, 205 Blackless, Melanie, 88 Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome Bouma, Hessel, 11 Support Group Australia, Boyarin, Daniel, 182–3 132, 133 breasts, 1, 152 androgens, 58, 68, 89, 90 Briffa, Tony (Anthony), 129, 132 androginos, 82, 83, 86–7, 88, 150 Brock, Brian, 8 androgyne, 58, 60, 87, 94n22, 133, Brown, Peter, 57, 61 149, 150, 182–3 Buddhism, 129, 130 anorchidism, 84 Butler, Judith, 2–3, 102 Aristotle, 12, 80, 81, 84, 174 Bynum, Caroline Walker, 182 Ascough, Richard, 40 Athanasius, 149 Cadden, Joan, 80 Augustine, 11–12, 58, 150–1, 180 Canon Law (Roman Catholic Church), Australia, 15, 23n73, 123, 128–30, 151–2 133, 151, 200–1, 206n5 Capps, Donald, 105–12 aylonith, 83, 85–6, 88 Carlin, Nathan, 198–9 Cassius Dio, 60 Babylon, 59 castrati, 60 baptism, 9, 14, 34–5, 36, 41–2, 74n87, castration, 35, 36, 37, 47n25, 56, 57, 181–6, 199 59, 62, 67, 72n28 236 ● Index , 37, 57, 68 Dreger, Alice Domurat, 58, 90 cervix, 174 DSD (difference of sex Chagall, Marc, 87 development/“disorder of sex Chase, Cheryl [Bo Laurent], 39, 44n1 development”), 16–17, 22n72, Childs, James M., 179 90–1 Christian Institute, 7 dsdFamilies, 16 chromosomes, 1, 14, 39, 40, 85, 86, 88, Durkheim, Emile, 122–3, 125, 128, 91–2, 93, 155, 156, 157, 205 134 circumcision, 30, 34–43, 48n29, 87, 115n6, 200 early corrective surgery paradigm, 2, 3, Claudius Mamertinus, 64 5, 11, 126, 131, 132, 149, 175, 180 Clement of Alexandria, 182 ectopia, 84 clitoris, 1, 2, 4, 5, 39, 49n42, 88 Eleazer (Rabbi), 87 “clobber passages,” 32 Ethiopian eunuch (biblical figure), 34, Cohen, Alfred, 63, 87 36, 37, 199 Collins, Gerald, 181–2 Eugenides, Jeffrey, 99, 102–3, 104, 109 , 33, 110–11, 132, 133–4, eunuchs, 13, 17, 29–54, 55–77, 83–5, 187 90, 148, 149, 162, 167n16, 187n4, Compier, Don H., 165 199 Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Eusebius, 56 (CAH), 4, 68, 71n14, 85, 89, 175 Eve (biblical figure), 13, 17, 70n3, Conway, Colleen M., 174 112–13, 199 Cooper, Terry and Robert Randall, 107–10; 117n29 Farley, Margaret, 10, 176, 205 Cornwall, Susannah, 18, 123, 132, 201 Fausto-Sterling, Anne, 131, 133, 175 Council of Nicaea, 57 Feder, Ellen K., 5 Coventry, Martha, 134 feminist criticism, 17, 29–34, 36, 40, Crouch, Robert, 131 187n3 cryptomenorrhea, 85 fertility, 62, 89, 184. See also infertility cryptorchidism, 89–90, 91 First Apology (Justin Martyr), 149 Cyrus II “the Great,” 59 flesh cytogenetics, 93 as biblical concept, 38, 41, 48n38, 56, 179 David (biblical figure), 31 Davis, Georgiann, 16–17 Gagnon, Robert A., 177 De Pomerai, David, 202, 204–5 Galatians, 14, 35, 38, 41, 42, 180–7 De Spermante (pseudo-Galen), 82 Galen, 61, 82 De Vitio Sodomitico (Peter the Chanter), galli, 49n49, 62 151–2 Gemara, 84 DeFranza, Megan K., 12–13, 17, 43, Gender Trouble (Butler), 2 149, 199 “gendercide,” 133 disability theory, 121, 131 genitals Dittes, James, 112 aesthetic, 2, 5 divorce, 56, 64 Gersak, Ksenija and Alenka Veble, Donne, John, 205 91–2 Index ● 237

Gregory of Nyssa, 149 image of God, 6, 13, 176, 179, 182, Gross, Sally, 9–10, 12, 18, 131 197–8, 206n2 Gudorf, Christine E., 13 infanticide, 18 guilt, 105–6, 112, 199 infertility, 5, 58, 81, 85, 153, 154 Gundry-Volf, Judith, 183, 184, 185, Internet, 70n4, 121, 123, 127–8 189n27 intersex activism and advocacy, 3, 29, 30–5, halakhah, 87, 204 39, 43, 44, 111, 127, 132 Hanisch, Carol, 127 and community identity, 121, 126–7 Hare, John, 8, 13, 17 and identity, 2, 5, 132, 133–4 Harrison, Glynn, 202 and medicalization, 2, 4, 16, 42, Hays, Richard B., 177 131–2, 149, 175 healing, 34, 68, 74n87, 131, 159, 178 as protected legal status, 17, 129 hermaphrodite and , 70n3, 205 in ancient usage, 12, 58, 71n21, 81, as sign of a cosmic fall, 6, 7–8, 9, 11, 82, 86, 149, 150 13, 68, 153, 158, 165, 178 in contemporary usage, 8, 100, 103, as spiritual gift, 126, 159 198 as umbrella term, 5 in historical usage, 14, 100, 121, Intersex, Identity, Disability: Issues for 151, 152 Public Policy, Healthcare and the Hermaphrodites with Attitude(s) Church project, 15, 155, 167n10 (Intersex Society of North Intersex, Theology and the Bible America), 132 conference, 15 Hermaphroditus, 103 Intersex Society of North America Herod the Great, 59 (ISNA), 70n4, 100, 103, 107, Hester, J. David, 131 115n4, 132 , 13, 33, 55, 133, 175, Intersex Support Group International 179, 185, 190n30, 191n53 (ISGI), 70n4, 128, 188n16 Hillel (Rabbi), 83 intersex support groups, 4, 11, 16, Hillman, Thea, 68, 103–4 70n4, 128 Hippocrates, 81 Hollinger, Dennis P., 7, 70n3, 178, Jagose, Annamarie, 122 188n14 Jeremiah ben Eleazar (Rabbi), 87 Holmes, Morgan, 3–4, 17, 42, 132 Jerome, 66 homosexuality, 8, 30, 33, 46n18, Jesus, 13, 31, 35, 37, 41, 47n22, 56, 47n21, 133, 153, 154, 156, 160 –1, 64–5, 68–9, 70, 73n66, 74n87, 163, 165, 177, 199, 202, 205, 148, 158, 181–2, 201 206n1 John Chrysostom, 182 Hook, Ernest, 92–3 John of Damascus, 185 Hooker, Richard, 79, 148, 151, 152, Jonathan (biblical figure), 31 154, 164 Joseph (biblical figure, Genesis), 59 hormones, 39, 198 Josephus Flavius, 59 Hornsby, Teresa, 43–4 Judah (Rabbi), 86, 90 hymen, 85 Jung, Patricia Beattie, 13, 42, 148, 200 hypospadias, 85, 89–91 Justin Martyr, 149 238 ● Index

Kahl, Brigitte, 38, 184 nakedness, 107–9, 111, 199 Kaldera, Raven, 125–6 Naomi (biblical figure), 31 Karkazis, Katrina, 3, 5 natural law, 148, 153, 154, 179 Kerry, Stephen, 15, 200 Nero, 60 Kessler, Gwynn, 34 New, Maria, 89 Kessler, Suzanne J., 4, 5, 70n4, 133 Nouwen, Henri, 69–70 Kohut, Heinz, 106 Koyama, Emi, 124 O’Donovan, Oliver, 8, 177 Kuefler, Mathew, 66, 73n57 Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity (Hooker), 79 Laqueur, Thomas, 14, 154, 174, 187n3 Organisation Intersex International Lasch, Christopher, 106 (OII), 16 Lebacqz, Karen, 11 Olympic Games, 129 Lev, Sarra, 85, 86 one-seed theory, 80–1, 82, 92 Lincoln Theological Institute, 15, one-sex model, 14, 45n11, 182, 174 167n10 Origen, 56–7, 66, 73n68 Lloyd, G. E. R., 81 ovarian dysgenesis, 91 Looy, Heather, 11 ovaries, 1, 5, 88, 91–2, 174 Loughlin, Gerard, 181 ovotestis, 1, 88

Macquarrie, John, 153, 165 “paganism” Mahoney, Jack, 203 ancient, 62, 63, 149 Marchal, Joseph A., 14, 17, 175, contemporary, 125, 130, 134 188n16, 200 Parsons, Talcott, 127–8 marriage, 15, 56, 60, 64, 65, 66, 69, 85, Paul (biblical figure), 14, 35–42, 56, 87, 153, 155, 156, 165, 179, 185, 69, 153, 183–4, 190n30 204, 207n14 penis, 1, 4, 5, 33, 35, 36, 38, 39, 42, Martin, Dale B., 153, 180, 182, 190n28 72n28, 84, 85, 88, 133, 152, 174 medicalization, 33, 39, 46n16, 126, Persian Empire, 59 129, 131 Peter the Chanter, 151–2 Meeks, Wayne A., 182–3 phallocentrism, 33, 38, 39, 133 Men and Women in Marriage (Church Philip (biblical figure), 35, 36, 38, of England), 9 74n87 Merrick, Teri, 11–12, 150 Plato, 80 Middlesex (Eugenides), 17, 99–119 Pliny the Elder, 60 Mills, C. Wright, 127, 131 polymorphism of human sex, 40, 41, mirroring, 107–10, 117n29 173–4, 176, 177, 179, 185–6 Moltmann, Jürgen, 179, 185 postmodernism, 42, 121, 124, 125 Money, John, 4, 101, 115n6 Potiphar (biblical figure), 59 Moore, Stephen D., 32 Preuss, Julius, 83–7, 90 Moreschi, Alessandro, 66 Preves, Sharon, 133–4 Morland, Iain, 42, 163–4 priesthood, 57, 62, 85, 86 mosaicism, 86, 91–2, 161 “pseudohermaphrodite,” 58, 90 myth, 103–4 Ptolemy, 174 mythology, 86, 102, 149, 203 Pythagoras, 80 Index ● 239

“quantum sex,” 40, 42 slave, 36, 37–8, 48n37, 60, 86 queer criticism, 12, 14, 16, 17, 29–36, sociology, 15, 122–35 55, 67–9, 121, 122, 124 Some Issues in Human Sexuality (Church of England), 8, 197, Ramsey, Paul, 185 206n1 rape, 86 Soranus, 82 Ratzinger, Joseph (Pope Benedict sperm XVI), 178 “female,” 81 reason, 13, 79, 115n3, 147–54, 163, 164 male, 39, 81, 87, 88 redemption, 165, 174, 177, 178 stigma, 11, 16, 30–8, 41–4, 46n17, Rees, Geoffrey, 165 176, 178, 186, 198 Reis, Elizabeth, 4 Still, Brian, 127 reproduction, 5, 80, 150, 151, 153, 165, Stone, Ken, 31, 32 175, 177, 184, 203 Stuart, Elizabeth, 68, 153, 181 resurrection, 65, 66, 173, 179, 181, 182, Suetonius, 60 183, 185 Suggested Guidelines for Non-Intersex Ringrose, Kathryn, 60, 66 People Writing About Intersexuality Rogers, Eugene F., 69, 153 and Intersex People (Koyama), 124 Roman Empire, 37–9, 41, 59, 60–4, support groups, 4, 11, 70n1, 70n4, 128, 184 132 Rosario, Vernon, 40 surgery Ruth (biblical figure), 31 ethics of, 2, 3, 5, 10, 11, 42, 90, 126, 132, 133, 200 Sarah (biblical figure), 12, 83 problems attributed to, 5–6, 90, Scholz, Piotr, 59 126–7, 131, 134, 149, 164, 180 Schüssler Fiorenza, Elisabeth, 31, 32, Swancutt, Diana, 14 190n30 science, 79–83, 90–3, 102, 103, 148, Talmud, 63, 79, 83, 85, 86, 90 150–1, 161, 177, 197, 198, 202, terminology 205, 206n1 debates over, 16–17 scrotum, 35, 84, 87, 88, 89 Tertullian, 66 Seidman, Stephen, 122, 125, 126 testes, 1, 4, 35, 72n28, 73n52, 87, 88, Septuagint, 59, 206n2 89, 155, 174 sexual orientation “Texts of terror,” 32, 204, 207n12 and intersex people, 13, 133, 202 The City of God (Augustine), 11–12, shamans, 125–6 150 shame, 11, 33, 44, 46n17, 68, 101, The Depleted Self: Sin in a Narcissistic 105–13, 117n29, 175, 178, 187, Age (Capps), 105–7, 112 198–9 The Elementary Forms of the Religious Shammai (Rabbi), 83 Life (Durkheim), 125, 128 Simeon ben Eleazer (Rabbi), 84 The Literal Meaning of Genesis Simeon ben Gamaliel (Rabbi), 85 (Augustine), 150 sin, 11, 66, 105–7, 111, 152, 167n16, The Rest of Life (Witherington), 179 174, 177, 178, 183, 192n58, 198, The Sociology of Religion (Weber), 125 203, 205 Theophylaktos of Ohrid, 67 240 ● Index

Thomas (biblical figure), 182 Genesis 2:24, 199 Timaeus (Plato), 80 Genesis 3, 112, 198 Tolbert, Mary Ann, 31, 32, 43 Genesis 3:10, 199 Torah, 56, 87 Genesis 5:1, 183 Tosefta, 63 Genesis 5:2, 87, 92, 183 transgender, 6, 7–8, 35, 123, 133, 158, Genesis 24:9, 73n52 161, 165, 176 Genesis 37, 59 Trible, Phyllis, 183 Genesis 47:29, 73n52 Triea, Kiira, 126 Exodus 22:16, 86 Trinity, 179, 185, 186 Leviticus 12:2, 83 tumtum, 83, 87, 88, 150 Leviticus 21:20, 62 Turner syndrome, 86, 91 Leviticus 22:24, 62 two-seed theory, 80–3, 92 Deuteronomy 21:18–21, 85 two-sex model, 14, 59, 67, 154, 178 Deuteronomy 22:28–29, 86 Deuteronomy 23:1, 62 United Kingdom Intersex Association 1 Samuel 1:1–2:10, 71 n.17 (UKIA), 16 Psalm 139:13–16, 159 urethra, 85, 88 Isaiah 54:1–8, 71 n.17 urination, 2, 84, 85, 175 Isaiah 56:3–7, 62–3, 65, 73, 199 uterus, 5, 81, 82 Matthew 19, 56, 69 Matthew 19:3, 56 vagina, 1, 5, 39, 133, 152, 174 Matthew 19:4–6, 56 vaginoplasty, 126 Matthew 19:8–9, 56 Van der Horst, Pieter W., 82–3 Matthew 19:11–12, 56 Van der Lugt, Maaike, 152 Matthew 19:12, 68 virtue, 57, 61–70, 72n50, 174, 187n4 Matthew 19:14, 64 Volf, Miroslav, 180, 185 Matthew 19:21, 64 Matthew 19:27–29, 64 Ward, Graham, 181 Matthew 19:29, 65 Weber, Max, 122, 125–6, 127–8 Matthew 22:30, 65 wellbeing, 2–6, 11, 33, 121–35, 175 Luke 11:27–28, 73 n.66 Wells, Samuel, 164 Luke 24:13–33, 181 Whitehead, James D. and Evelyn Eaton John 20:11–18, 181 Whitehead, 176–7 John 20:24–29, 182 Wilson, Nancy, 31 Acts 8:26–40, 34, 37, 63, 199 Wire, Antoinette Clark, 181 Romans 1:26–28, 153 Witherington, Ben III, 177, 179 Romans 11:24, 153 Woodhead, Linda, 185 1 Corinthians 7, 69, 189 n.27 1 Corinthians 7:7–8, 56 Genesis 1, 182 1 Corinthians 7:28, 56 Genesis 1–2, 198 1 Corinthians 7:32–5, 56 Genesis 1:26–27, 197 1 Corinthians 7:40, 56 Genesis 1:27, 12, 87, 92, 182, 183, 1 Corinthians 11:11, 185 184, 198, 206n2 1 Corinthians 12:21, 176 Genesis 2–3, 184 Colossians 3:3, 68 Index ● 241

Galatians 2:3, 36 Galatians 5:16–17, 38 Galatians 3:28, 36, 41, 176, 180–3, Galatians 5:19–21, 38 186, 187, 189 n.27, 190 n.30 Galatians 5:24, 38 Galatians 4:13, 38, 41 Galatians 6:12, 36, 38 Galatians 4:14, 41 Galatians 6:15, 36 Galatians 4:23, 38 Galatians 6:17, 36, 41 Galatians 4:29–30, 38 Hebrew 11:11, 83 Galatians 5:6, 36 Sirach 20:4, 84 Galatians 5:12, 38 Sirach 30:20, 84