Current World Environment Vol. 4(2), 359-365 (2009) Quality parameters of ground waters in Borsad and Anklav taluka (Dist: Anand, Gujarat) SHAILESH H. SHAH Patel J.D.K. Davolwala Science College, Borsad - 388540 (India). (Received: September 10, 2009; Accepted: October 13, 2009) ABSTRACT The present study deals with the Quality Parameters of Ground waters of Borsad and Anklav taluka village of Anand district of Gujarat state of India. The Ground water quality was assessed by examing various Physico-chemical parameters. Twenty-eight ground water (Borewell) samples were collected from different villages of Borsad and Anklav taluka during the month of May-2008, September- 2008, April-2009 and August-2009. The Physico-chemical parameters like Temperature, PH, TDS, DO, Total-hardness, Ca-hardness, Mg-hardness, Total alkalinity, Chloride, Sulphate, Nitrate and Phosphate have been analyzed. In the light of above results the ground water of Borsad and Anklav taluka villages, some villages are not suitable for drinking purpose. The ground water must be subjected to proper disinfect ion to ensure health of population. Key words: Ground water quality, physico-chemical parameters, Bore well samples. INTRODUCTION and cities do not have access to safe drinking water. In most parts of the country, the water supplied The portion of the water seeping into soil through groundwater is beset with problems of in excess of that held as film surrounding soil quality. particles continues its downward passage until it reaches an impervious stratum at which point it In most of the villages borewells water is tends to accumulate. The geological stratum super used for drinking purpose another domestic imposed upon the impervious layer then becomes purpose. Borewells water is the under ground water saturated, and is known as the zone of saturation. that has come mainly from the seepage of surface The upper level of the saturated stratum is called water and is held subsoil and previous rocks. the water table. The depth of the water table below Borewells water is generally good quality and it is the surface varies widely. A formation, which will difficult to pollute borewells water. The use of yield, stored water to wells or springs is called an fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides in rural area, aquifer. Water thus accumulating constitutes the manure, lime, septic tank, refuse dumps etc are stored ground source that assumes an important the main source of borewells water pollution. role in providing for domestic water needs. MATERIAL AND METHODS Groundwater is an important part of the water cycle. Ground water accounts for more than Twenty-eight samples of Ground water 80% of the rural domestic water supply in India data (Bore well) were collected from different villages of collected in 1998 for the 54th round of the National Borsad and Anklav taluka of Anand district of Sample survey showed that 50% of rural Gujarat state with few interior places in the month households were served by a tubewell/handpump, of May-2008, September-2008, April-2009 and 26% by a well and 19% by tap. Most of Indian towns August-2009 have been tested. Samples for 360 Shah, Curr. World Environ., Vol. 4(2), 359-365 (2009) analysis with standard procedure in accordance with Dissolved Oxygen standard method of American Public Health D.O. is one of the most important Association (APHA-1998). The Instruments were parameters in assessing water quality and reflects used in the limit of precise accuracy and chemicals the physical and biological processes prevailing in used were of GR grade. Temperature, PH and TDS the water. Good water should have the solubility of were measured using appropriate instruments. The oxygen 7.6 and 7.0 mg/l at 30°c and 35°c Total hardness, calcium and magnesium respectively. Oxygen saturated water have pleasant concentration in the ground water samples were taste. In the present study of the D.O. values of measured by titrimetric methods. The total hardness Ground water samples ranged from 1.4 mg/l to 7.4 was determined by titrating the buffered water mg/l, According to the European Economic sample with 0.01M EDTA. The calcium hardness Community, the permissible standard for drinking was determined by adding calcium hardness water for DO is 5 mg/l. As per the ISI the minimum indicator, 1ml of 8% NaOH into a sample of water, dissolved oxygen recommended is 3 mg/l. In the mixing thoroughly and titrating with EDTA to give a present study, DO Values of sample station Nos. purple colour. The magnesium hardness was 1,2,5,7,8,10,12,14,16,17,18,21,24,25,26 &27 show obtained from the difference between total hardness lower DO than prescribed by ISI. Hence remaining and calcium hardness. The chloride content was sample station (villages) is not polluted with respect determined using silver nitrate titrant and potassium to dissolved oxygen. chromate as the indicator under neutral conditions. The dissolved oxygen was measured using Winkler Total Dissolve Solids (TDS) method. The Total alkalinity was determined by TDS is an important parameter for Drinking titrimetric methods using phenolphthalein and water and water to be used for other purposes. The methyl orange indicators. The Sulphate, Nitrate and upper limit of TDS recommended for Drinking water phosphate were measured using the is 500 mg/l by USEPA (1996), 1000 mg/l by WHO spectrophotometer. (1993) and the permissible limit in the absence of alternate source is 2000 mg/l by IS: 10500(1991). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In the present study TDS ranged from 390 mg/l to 1650 mg/l. Temperature It is one of the most essential parameters Total alkalinity in water and waste water system. It has significant Alkalinity is the quantitative capacity of an impact on growth and activity of ecological life and aqueous media to react with hydrogen ions. it greatly affects the solubility of such as oxygen in Desirable limit is 200 mg/l and maximum permissible water. Oxygen levels have decreased, as the limit 600 mg/l. In the present study total alkalinity temperature tends to increase the molecular motion ranged from 350 mg/l to 828 mg/l. so, sample station of the water and any dissolved oxygen. The Nos.1, 2,3,4,6,7,8,17,23,26 & 27 show higher than temperature of the ground water samples of prescribed by IS: 10500. different villages of Borsad and Anklav taluka of Anand district were found to be in the range 28° c Chloride to 38° c the measured temperature were reported Chlorides are common constituents of all in table. natural waters. Higher concentrations of chloride impart a salty taste to water, making it unacceptable pH for public consumption. As per the Bureau of Indian pH value is the best indication of the Standards the desirable limit of chloride for Drinking presence of acid or alkali in water samples. PH of water is 250 mg/l and the permissible limit in the ground water of Borsad and Anklav taluka villages absence of alternate source is 1000 mg/l. The varies from 7.2 to 8.7. The acceptable limit chloride values of Ground water vary from 63.8 mg/ prescribed by the drinking water standard is 6.5- l to 843.9mg/l. All the ground water samples showed 8.5. chloride value within a permissible limit. Table 1: Analysis Results of the Sample collected During May-2008. S. Sample pH Temp. TDS DO Total Ca+2 Mg+2 Total Sulphate Phosphate Nitrate Chloride No. Station °C mg/L mg/L Hardness Hardness HardnessAlkalinity Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L 1 BORSAD 7.9 30 810 3.0 394 98.7 72.1 550 ›400 2.92 40 298 2 VALVOD 8.2 30 990 1.6 468 105 88.6 676 ›400 20 48 333 Shah, 3 GAJNA 8.3 32 840 5.4 86 35.7 12.3 592 92 2.4 39.2 212.7 4 KATHOL 8.5 32 650 5.3 166 39.9 30.8 538 ›400 0.4 24 120.5 5 DAHEVAN 8.3 33 680 6.1 124 39.9 20.5 472 ›400 0.8 39.2 198.5 World Environ., Curr. 6 BADALPUR 8.2 34 1200 5.9 190 56.7 32.5 458 ›400 8 17.3 489.3 7 DIVEL 8.0 34 560 5.6 258 109.2 36.3 466 320 2.8 4.6 120.5 8 RAS 7.7 34 1450 2.7 320 73.5 60.2 780 ›400 0.8 27.2 475.1 9 DAVOL 8.1 29 740 4.9 396 123.9 66.39 520 ›400 1.3 49.3 319 10 BODAL 8.1 30 580 5.6 424 132.3 71.17 430 ›400 4 20.1 121 11 ASODAR 8.1 30 420 6.2 314 98.7 52.53 382 ›400 1.2 23.7 106 12 ANKLAV 7.9 30 800 5.1 604 233 90.5 420 ›400 1.2 34.6 220 Vol. 13 AMBALI 8.1 32 390 4.4 298 130.2 40.9 370 206 5.6 28.3 106 4 14 RAMPURA 7.9 34 420 6.9 350 132.3 53.2 390 206 2.4 47.4 85 (2), 359-365(2009) 15 SANKHYAD 7.7 36 1080 7.4 606 233 90.9 420 ›400 1.2 17.3 468 16 BAMANGAM 7.5 36 760 3.9 420 161.7 63 478 ›400 1.2 25.5 206 17 GAMBHIRA 8.0 36 1340 4.7 264 94.5 41.35 562 ›400 2.4 23.7 482 18 NAVAPURA 8.0 37 890 4.1 468 157.5 75.74 518 ›400 7.2 41.9 234 19 KINKHLOD 7.9 38 460 3.8 404 151.2 61.68 350 ›400 1.2 36.4 121 20 LALPURA 8.2 38 660 5.7 434 161.7 66.44 400 ›400 2.8 33.7 135 21 ALARSA 7.9 38 710 5.5 548 147 97.8 476 ›400 1.6 43.7 142 22 NISRAYA 8.3 38 570 6.1 280 84 47.8 452 ›400 2.8 51.9 121 23 BHADRAN 8.3 32 670 3.9 122 44 19 582 200 2.6 44.4 127.6 24 BOCHASAN 8.1 30 590 5.0 258 107.1 36.8 446 ›400 0.8 55.2 127.6 25 VIRSAD 8.1 30 1520 5.9 494 182.7 75.96 478 ›400 12 68.4 787.1 26 DEDARDA 8.1 32 1080 5.1 348 117.6 56.22 630 ›400 10.4 4.6 354.5 27 NAPAVANTA 7.9 32 870 4.7 272 105 40.75 560 ›400 9.0 24 205.6 28 RUDEL 8.1 34 970 5.0 322 109.2 51.92 578 ›400 0.4 9.2 368.75 361 362 Shah, Table : 2 Analysis Results of the Sample collected During September-2008.