DOCSLIB.ORG

Inventory of Australian Megaloptera Larvae and Resulting Implications for the Classification of the Group (Insecta: Neuropterida)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

© Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Inventory of Australian Megaloptera larvae and resulting implications for the classification of the group (Insecta: Neuropterida) Günther THEISCHINGER Abstract Archichauliodes. Only three of four spe- cies groups of Archichauliodes (Rie- kochauliodes) separable on the basis of adult characters, are distinguished on lar- Abstract: The information avai- val morphology. A key to the larvae of the lable on the larvae of the Australian Mega- now recognised group taxa of the Austra- loptera is presented and used for re-apprai- lian Megaloptera and distributional details sal of some supraspecific taxa. Apochauli- of most species are given in order to initia- odes THEISCHINGER, formerly described as te more thorough studies. a subgenus of Archichauliodes WEELE is accorded full generic status. A new subge- nus, Riekochauliodes, is established for Key words: Megaloptera, Aus- the majority of the Australian species of tralia, larvae, classification. Stapfia 60, zugleich Kataloge des OÖ. Landesmuseums, Neue Folge Nr. 138 (1999), 85-100 85 © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Introduction Systematics Some information on the taxonomy of the Family Corydalidae (Figs 1-47) larvae of the Australian Megaloptera was Remarks: All Australian Corydalidae given in the first revision of the group (RlEK belong to the subfamily Chauliodinae. 1954). Presentation of accumulated informati- Larvae: Abdomen with 8 pairs of late- on on the larvae was announced for the futu- ral processes (gills); apical segment of abdo- re in a more comprehensive treatment of the men with pair of prolegs but without terminal adults (THE1SCHINGER 1983). In the meantime and afterwards, keys to the larvae of families filament. and genera of Australian Megaloptera larvae Adults: Three ocelli. Fourth tarsal seg- were given (e.g. RlEK 1970, WILLIAMS 1980, ment simple. Conspicuous pigment spots in THEISCHINGER 1991). wings. In this paper the now available taxonomic Distribution in Australia: information on the larvae of the Australian Eastern Australia, south-western Australia. Megaloptera is presented. This, together with Genera: Apochauliodes THEISCHINGER, some additional information on the adults, Archichauliodes WEELE, Protochauliodes WEELE. makes it possible to re-appraise some of the supraspecific taxa as established by THEI- Archichauliodes group (Figs 1-42) SCHINGER (1983) and should enable to iden- tify larvae to the level of those groups and in Larvae: Head and pronotum rather some cases to the species. smooth, with only scattered long hairs. Left mandible with 4, right mandible with 3 teeth on inner margin (in addition to apical tooth). Material and methods Apical two segments of antennae combined about as long as segment 2. Thorax and abdo- Larval material of Megaloptera from men without prominent intersegmental lobes. eastern and south-western Australia, all of it Posterior pair of spiracles each raised (general- now in the collection of the author and in the ly) or not raised (rarely) on a definite stalk. Australian National Insect Collection Lateral processes of abdominal segments 1-5 (ANIC), preserved in 70-80% alcohol, was longer than width of respective segment. studied. The diagnostic tools available for Adults: 2A of forewing connected to identification of the major taxa were used in 1A by a crossvein. Female valves without late- conjunction with reared material of Archich' ral stylus. auliodes guuiferus (WALKER), A. anagaurus Distribution: Australia, New Zea- RlEK, A. plomleyi KlMMlNS and Protochauliodes land, Chile. biconicus KlMMlNS and with various ways of Genera: Apochauliodes THEISCHINGER, elimination in order to correlate adults and Archichauliodes WEELE. larvae of most species and to produce a preli- minary guide to the Australian Megaloptera larvae. Genus Apochauliodes THEISCHINGER (Figs 1-10) In the following only brief diagnoses of Apochauliodes THEISCHiNGER 1983:80 (as subgenus families, genera and species groups of the Aus- of Archichauliodes WEELE). tralian Megaloptera and a key to those taxa Type species: Archichauliodes (Apochauliodes) cervu- are given. For identification attempts beyond lus THEISCHINGER 1983. that level the distributional overviews may be Larvae (Figs 1-6): Labium not produ- useful. ced medially, truncate. Segment 2 of labial palp not much longer than segment 1. Poster- ior pair of spiracles each raised on a long stalk. Lateral abdominal processes with short hair, those of segments 1-5 distinctly longer than width of respective segment. 86 © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Adults (Figs 7-10): Forewing with Distribution: Eastern Australia, CuA simple; male anal claspers bifid, with New Zealand, Chile. laterobasal callosity not protruding; aedeagus Species in Australia: Archich- bifid, symmetrical. auliodes (A.) anagaurus RlEK, A. (A.) simpsoni Distribution: South-western Aus- THEISCHINGER. tralia. Distributions: A. anagaurus is Species: Apochauliodes cervidus (THEI- widely distributed mainly in alpine Victoria SCHINGER). and south-eastern New South Wales; A. simp- Larvae studied: Western Australia: Barlee Brook, soni is known only from Mt Howitt in Victo- S of Nannup; Carey Brook, nr Pemberton; Pemberton. ria. Larvae studied: New South Wales: Brown Mt; Kiandra; Kosciusko Hotel; Pipers Ck, Mt Kosciusko; Sawpit Ck, Mt Kosciusko; Wragge's Ck, Mt Kosciusko; Genus Archichauliodes WEELE Wilsons Valley, Mt Kosciusko. Victoria: Mt Buffalo; (Figs 11-42) Watt's R., Healesville. Archkhauliodes WEELE 1909: 258. Type species: Hermes diversus WALKER 1853. Subgenus Riekochauliodes sub- Larvae (Figs 11-16, 25-42): Labium gen. nov. (Figs 21-42) produced medially. Segment 2 of labial palp Type species: Hermes gumferus WALKER 1853. much longer than segment 1. Posterior pair of Larvae (Figs 25-42): Posterior tooth of spiracles each raised (generally) or not raised mandibles generally smaller than median (rarely) on a definite stalk. Lateral abdominal tooth. Posterior pair of spiracles each raised on processes generally with short, rarely with a definite stalk. long hair, those of segments 1-5 generally Adults (Figs 21-24): Forewing with slightly longer than width of respective seg- tows of spots mostly between longitudinal ment. veins; pigment spots of hindwing variably but Adults (Figs 17-24): Forewing with distinctly enlatged. Aedeagus simple or widely CuA forked; male anal claspers simple, with bifid, slightly to strongly asymmetrical. laterobasal callosity prominent; aedeagus sim- Name : Dedication to Dr E.F. Riek ple or bifid, symmetrical or assymetrical. (Canberra). Distribution: Eastern Australia, Distribution: Eastern Australia. New Zealand, Chile. Species groups: Archichauliodes Subgenera: Archichauliodes WEELE, (Riekochauliodes) guttiferus group, A. (R.) Riekochauliodes subgen. nov. deceptor group, A. (R.) polypastus group. Subgenus Archichauliodes WEELE Archichauliodes (Riekochauliodes) (Figs 11-20) guttiferus group (Figs 21-30) Archichauliodes WEELE 1909: 258. Type species: Hermes diversus WALKER 1853. Larvae (Figs 25-30): Stalk of posterior spiracles shorter than half the distance bet- Remarks: It is assumed that all availa- ween them; posterior spiracles not markedly ble larval material belongs to A. anagaurus larger than spiracles on preceding segments. RlEK. Adults (Figs 21-24): Male anal claspers Larvae (Figs 11-16): Posterior tooth of amost straight, much longer than tergum 9; mandibles generally larger than median tooth. aedeagus simple, asymmetrical. Posterior pair of spiracles each not raised on a Species: Archichauliodes (Riekochauli- definite stalk. odes) guttiferus (WALKER), A. (R.) neoguttiferus Adults (Figs 17-20): Forewing with THEISCHINGER, A. (R.) phaeoscius RIEK, A. rows of dark spots mostly on longitudinal (R.) rieki THEISCHINGER. veins; pigment spots of hindwing hardly enlar- Distributions:A. guttiferus is known ged. Aedeagus bifid, symmetrical. to occur only south of the Hunter River. A. 87 © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at rieki seems to be endemic to Carnarvon Range A. (R.) piscator THEISCHINGER, A. (R.) unci- in southern inland Queensland. A. neoguttife- natus THEISCHINGER. nis is known only from north of the Hunter Distributions: Only one species, A. River (excluding Carnarvon Range), whereas deceptor, is known to occur south of the Expe- A. phaeoscius has been collected only north dition Range (24° S); all its published recotds from Paluma where it coexists in places (rain- are from north of the Hunter River. Only forest) with A. neogutnferus. recently it has also been found at Black Mtn, Larvae studied: Queensland: Beatrice R., Palmer- A.C.T. Two species, A. cuspidatus and A. gbs- ston N.P.; Behana Gorge, S of Gordonvale; The Boul- sa, are known from the Eungella area ders, Babinda; Broken R., Eungella N.P.; Crystal Casca- (2O°55'S) and Expedition Range (24°° S); of des, nr Cairns; upper Curambin Ck; 16 km on Davies Ck Rd, E of Mareeba; Dayboro; 2 km on Mt Edith Rd, these only A. cuspidatus extends to north of Tinaroo Dam; Finch Hatton; Fishery Falls, S of Gor- Paluma. There are no records of the remaining donvale; 30 km S of Gympie; Kirrama S.F. (Western species (A. collifer, A. conversus, A. lewis, A. Fall); Little Mulgrave R.; Millstream Falls. New South Wales: Allyn R., at Eccleston; upper Allyn R.; Bobun- piscator, A. uncinatus) from localities south of dra Ck, Maffra; Bolairo; Brindabella, A.C.T.; Cabbage Paluma. Tree Ck, Clyde
Recommended publications
  • Insecta, Neuropterida, Megaloptera, Sialidae)

    Insecta, Neuropterida, Megaloptera, Sialidae)

    Graellsia, 70(2): e009 julio-diciembre 2014 ISSN-L: 0367-5041 http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/graellsia.2014.v70.111 LOS MEGALÓPTEROS DE LA PENÍNSULA IBÉRICA (INSECTA, NEUROPTERIDA, MEGALOPTERA, SIALIDAE) Víctor J. Monserrat Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, España. E-mail: [email protected] RESUMEN Se actualiza toda la información bibliográfica relativa a la Península Ibérica y relacionada con las tres especies de megalópteros presentes en su fauna (Insecta, Neuropterida, Megaloptera: Sialidae). Partiendo de los datos generales conocidos sobre estas especies, y en base a esta información ibérica, se aporta una clave de identifi- cación de imagos y larvas de estas especies, y se anotan y se recopilan los datos conocidos sobre su morfología, su biología, sus estadios larvarios y su distribución geográfica, fenológica y altitudinal en la zona estudiada. Palabras clave: Península Ibérica; Faunística; Biología; Neuropterida; Megaloptera; Sialidae; Sialis; “monjas”. ABSTRACT The alder-flies of the Iberian Peninsula (Insecta, Neuropterida, Megaloptera, Sialidae) All existing Iberian bibliographical information related to the three alder-flies species known in the Iberian Peninsula’s fauna (Insecta, Neuropterida, Megaloptera: Sialidae) is brought up to date. On the basis of general knowledge about these species, and taking into account the known Iberian data, a key for imagoes and larvae is included and what is known about their morphology, biology, larval stages and geographical, phenological and altitudinal distribution in the area studied is reviewed. Keywords: Iberian Peninsula; Faunistical; Biology; Neuropterida; Megaloptera; Sialidae; Sialis; “alder-flies”. Recibido/Received: 14/03/2014; Aceptado/Accepted: 02/09/2014; Publicado en línea/Published online: 26/11/2014 Como citar este artículo/Citation: Monserrat, V.
  • Review of Environmental Factors Minyon Falls and Minyon Grass Upgrades

    Review of Environmental Factors Minyon Falls and Minyon Grass Upgrades

    Review of Environmental Factors Minyon Falls and Minyon Grass Upgrades PO Box 119 Lennox Head NSW 2478 T 02 6687 7666 PO Box 1446 Coffs Harbour NSW 2450 T 02 6651 7666 PO Box 1267 Armidale NSW 2350 T 02 6772 0454 PO Box 229 Lismore NSW 2480 T 02 6621 6677 [email protected] Prepared for: NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service © GeoLINK, 2019 UPR Description Date Issued Issued By 3408-1003 First issue 19/08/2019 GJM 3408-1007 Second issue 31/10/2019 GJM Addendum Report added 20/10/2020 DPIE Table of Contents Description of Proposed Activity 1 Proponent’s Details 5 Permissibility 6 3.1 Legal Permissibility 6 3.2 Consistency with NPWS Policy 10 3.3 Type of Approval Sought 10 Consultation – General 11 Consultation – Native Title 14 Proposed Activity (or Activities) 15 6.1 Location of Activity 15 6.2 Description of the Proposed Activity 16 6.2.1 Key Components 16 6.2.2 Size of the Proposed Activity Footprint 16 6.2.3 Ancillary Facilities 16 6.2.4 Proposed Construction Methods, Materials and Equipment 16 6.2.5 Receival, Storage and On-site Management for Materials used in Construction 18 6.2.6 Earthworks or Site Clearing Including Extent of Vegetation to be Removed 18 6.2.7 Environmental Safeguards and Mitigation Measures 19 6.2.8 Sustainability Measures – including choice of materials (such as recycled content) and water and energy efficiency 23 6.2.9 Construction Timetable, Staging and Hours of Operation 23 6.3 Objectives of the Activity 24 Reasons for the Activity and Consideration of Alternatives 25 7.1 Reasons for Activity 25 7.2 Alternatives
  • A New Fishfly Species (Megaloptera: Corydalidae: Chauliodinae) from Eocene Baltic Amber

    A New Fishfly Species (Megaloptera: Corydalidae: Chauliodinae) from Eocene Baltic Amber

    Palaeoentomology 003 (2): 188–195 ISSN 2624-2826 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/pe/ PALAEOENTOMOLOGY Copyright © 2020 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 2624-2834 (online edition) PE https://doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.3.2.8 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:20A34D9A-DC69-453E-9662-0A8FAFA25677 A new fishfly species (Megaloptera: Corydalidae: Chauliodinae) from Eocene Baltic amber XINGYUE LIU1, * & JÖRG ANSORGE2 1College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, China �[email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9168-0659 2Institute of Geography and Geology, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahnstraße 17a, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany �[email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1284-6893 *Corresponding author. �[email protected] Abstract and Sialidae (alderflies). Species of Megaloptera have worldwide distribution, but most of them occur mainly in The fossil record of Megaloptera (Insecta: Holometabola: subtropical and warm temperate regions, e.g., the Oriental, Neuropterida) is very limited. Both megalopteran families, i.e., Corydalidae and Sialidae, have been found in the Eocene Neotropical, and Australian Regions (Yang & Liu, 2010; Baltic amber, comprising two named species in one genus Liu et al., 2012, 2015a). The phylogeny and biogeography of Corydalidae (Chauliodinae) and four named species in of extant Megaloptera have been intensively studied in two genera of Sialidae. Here we report a new species of Liu et al. (2012, 2015a, b, 2016) and Contreras-Ramos Chauliodinae from the Baltic amber, namely Nigronia (2011). prussia sp. nov.. The new species possesses a spotted hind Compared with the other two orders of Neuropterida wing with broad band-like marking, a well-developed stem (Raphidioptera and Neuroptera), the fossil record of of hind wing MA subdistally with a short crossvein to MP, a Megaloptera is considerably scarce.
  • Arvalis Ross, S. Californica Banks, S. Cornuta Ross, S. Hamata Ross, S

    Arvalis Ross, S. Californica Banks, S. Cornuta Ross, S. Hamata Ross, S

    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF ELWIN D. EVANS for the DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Name) (Degree) in ENTOMOLOGY presented on October 4, 1971 (Major) (Date) Title: A STUDY OF THE MEGALOPTERA OF THE PACIFIC COASTAL REGION ,Or THE UNtjT5D STATES Abstract approved: N. H. /Anderson Nineteen species of Megaloptera occurring in the western United States and Canada were studied.In the Sialidae, the larvae of Sialis arvalis Ross, S. californica Banks, S. cornuta Ross, S. hamata Ross, S. nevadensis Davis, S. occidens Ross and S. rotunda Banks are described with a key for their identification.The female of S. arvalis is described for the first time.Descriptions of the egg masses, hatching, and the egg bursters and first instar larvae are givenfor some species.Data are given on larval habitats, life cycles, distribution and emergence of the adults. An evolutionaryscheme for the Sialidae in the study area and the world genera ishypothesized. In the Corydalidae, Orohermes gen. nov. andProtochauliodes cascadiusse.nov. are described.The adults of Corydalus cognatus Hagen, Dysmicohermes disjunctus Munroe, D. ingens Chandler, Orohermes crepusculus (Chandler), Neohermesfilicornis (Banks), N. californicus (Walker), Protochauliodes aridus Maddux, P. spenceri Munroe, P. montivagus.Chandler, P. simplus Chandler, and P. minimus (Davis) are also described.The larvae of all but three species are described.Keys are presented for identifying the adults and larvae.Egg masses, egg bursters and the mating behavior are given for some species.Pre-genital scent glands were found in the males of the Corydalidae.Data are given on the larval habitats, distribution and adult emergence.Life cycles of five years are estimated for some intermittent stream inhabitants and the cold stream species, 0.
  • Nightcap National Park and Whian Whian SCA Visitor Guide

    Nightcap National Park and Whian Whian SCA Visitor Guide

    Visitor Guide Nightcap National Park and Whian Whian State Conservation Area Copyright OEH Repentence Creek THINGS TO SEE AND DO Camp in the forest at Rummery Park. Take a short walk up Boggy Creek to Minyon Falls. Camping fees apply. All picnic areas have barbeques, toilets and picnic tables with shelters and information. Mt Nardi Picnic Area is accessed from Nimbin by a 12 kilometre narrow sealed road. Numerous walking tracks start from Mt Nardi including a link track to the Historic Nightcap Track. Terania Creek Picnic Area, the scene of historic protests to save the rainforests of NSW from further logging, is located at the end of the Terania Creek Road. The narrow twisting dirt road is 14 kilometres in length, originating in the Channon. This area is subject to temporary closures at certain times of year. Please observe signage to avoid inconvenience. Minyon Grass Picnic Area is accessed from Minyon Drive and offers the most spectacular views of Minyon Falls from a wheelchair accessible platform. Minyon Falls Picnic Area is situated on Minyon Drive above Minyon Falls. On clear days there are views to the ocean from the waterfall’s edge, which is accessed from a wheelchair accessible nationalparks.nsw.gov.au platform. For your own safety please stay on the walkway and platform. No abseiling or rock climbing is permitted. Copyright OEH Rummery Park Camping Area HISTORY Lured by the chance for employment in difficult times, GETTING THERE timbergetters began logging in the Whian Whian area in the 1830’s. The rainforest giant, Red Cedar, was particularly sought You can reach the parks by five separate public roads from the after for its beautiful glowing red timber.
  • Neuropterida of the Lower Cretaceous of Southern England, with a Study on Fossil and Extant Raphidioptera

    Neuropterida of the Lower Cretaceous of Southern England, with a Study on Fossil and Extant Raphidioptera

    NEUROPTERIDA OF THE LOWER CRETACEOUS OF SOUTHERN ENGLAND, WITH A STUDY ON FOSSIL AND EXTANT RAPHIDIOPTERA A thesis submitted to The University of Manchester for the degree of PhD in the Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences 2010 JAMES EDWARD JEPSON SCHOOL OF EARTH, ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES TABLE OF CONTENTS FIGURES.......................................................................................................................8 TABLES......................................................................................................................13 ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................14 LAY ABSTRACT.........................................................................................................15 DECLARATION...........................................................................................................16 COPYRIGHT STATEMENT...........................................................................................17 ABOUT THE AUTHOR.................................................................................................18 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..............................................................................................19 FRONTISPIECE............................................................................................................20 1. INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................21 1.1. The Project.......................................................................................................21
  • 'Geo-Log' 2009

    'Geo-Log' 2009

    ‘Geo-Log’ 2009 Journal of the Amateur Geological Society of the Hunter Valley ‘Geo-Log’ 2009 Journal of the Amateur Geological Society of the Hunter Valley Inc. Contents: President’s Introduction 2 Barrenjoey Lighthouse Walk 3 Geological Tour of the Central Coast 4 Ash Island History and Walk 6 Rix’s Creek Coke Ovens 7 Catherine Hill Bay to Caves Beach 9 Kurri Kurri Murals 11 Murrurundi Weekend 12 Soup and Slides 16 Plattsburg Historical Walk 17 Newcastle Botanical Gardens 19 Geological Seminar - Rocks and Minerals 19 Sculptures by the Sea 21 Lorne Basin Excursion 22 Christmas Social Evening 27 North Coast of NSW - Geological Safari 2009 28 1 Geo-Log 2009 President’s Introduction. Hi members and friends, It has been yet another very successful year and thanks go to all those members who contributed in whichever way they could. Most of our outings continue to attract a lot of interest and even after 30 years we still manage a variety of interesting activities without repeating too much from previous years. Society outings again reflected our wide range of interests, from Bob Bagnall’s fascinating tour of old Plattsburg to a superbly organised weekend of pure geology looking at the structure and stratigraphy of the Lorne Basin near Taree with new member Winston Pratt. The safari to the North Coast of New South Wales was moderately successful and venturing off the more frequented tracks revealed some astonishing scenery and more than a few interesting rocks. A few people even climbed Mount Warn- ing. It was very surprising to see such a large turnout at the geological seminar at Ron’s place in Octo- ber, where Brian and Ron struggled successfully to get through a packed program of mineral and rock identification, with Barry following up with an excellent account of map reading.
  • December 2015 HUT NEWS January 2016 “Nature Conservation Saves for Tomorrow”

    December 2015 HUT NEWS January 2016 “Nature Conservation Saves for Tomorrow”

    Blue Mountains Conservation Society Inc. Issue No. 332 December 2015 HUT NEWS January 2016 “Nature Conservation Saves for Tomorrow” Oppose the Western Sydney 90% renewable energy plan Airport proposal The Australian Greens has launched a plan to transition Australia to at The Draft Environmental Impact State- least 90% renewable energy by 2030. The plan offers two scenarios, ment (EIS) for the proposed Western both of which see a new government authority called RenewAustralia Sydney Airport can be found on http:// set up to help drive the transition. It can be viewed at http:// westernsydneyairport.gov.au/resources/ renewaustralia.org.au/wp-content/uploads/ deis/index.aspx sites/16/2015/11/2015_11_Renew_Australia.pdf Submissions close on 18 December The party says their plan will create tens of thousands of jobs in the design and construction of new renewable energy generation, plus 2015. employment in operations and maintenance. The Greens also intend The Draft EIS glosses over most of the putting a price back on carbon, saying it is essential to Australia’s future threats facing the Greater Blue prosperity. Mountains. The two pathways offered aim to reduce Australia’s overall greenhouse Impacts on the World Heritage listed emissions by at least 29% between now and 2030. Blue Mountains and Declared Wilderness Areas through air, noise and water pollution are unacceptable. BMCS Native Plant Nursery—Volunteers at work The EIS fails to recognise the value of Customers at quiet places for nature and for our tourist our nursery’s industry. Aircraft are not an stall at the environmentally sustainable form of Blackheath transport.
  • Microsoft Outlook

    Microsoft Outlook

    Joey Steil From: Leslie Jordan <[email protected]> Sent: Tuesday, September 25, 2018 1:13 PM To: Angela Ruberto Subject: Potential Environmental Beneficial Users of Surface Water in Your GSA Attachments: Paso Basin - County of San Luis Obispo Groundwater Sustainabilit_detail.xls; Field_Descriptions.xlsx; Freshwater_Species_Data_Sources.xls; FW_Paper_PLOSONE.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S1.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S2.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S3.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S4.pdf CALIFORNIA WATER | GROUNDWATER To: GSAs We write to provide a starting point for addressing environmental beneficial users of surface water, as required under the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA). SGMA seeks to achieve sustainability, which is defined as the absence of several undesirable results, including “depletions of interconnected surface water that have significant and unreasonable adverse impacts on beneficial users of surface water” (Water Code §10721). The Nature Conservancy (TNC) is a science-based, nonprofit organization with a mission to conserve the lands and waters on which all life depends. Like humans, plants and animals often rely on groundwater for survival, which is why TNC helped develop, and is now helping to implement, SGMA. Earlier this year, we launched the Groundwater Resource Hub, which is an online resource intended to help make it easier and cheaper to address environmental requirements under SGMA. As a first step in addressing when depletions might have an adverse impact, The Nature Conservancy recommends identifying the beneficial users of surface water, which include environmental users. This is a critical step, as it is impossible to define “significant and unreasonable adverse impacts” without knowing what is being impacted. To make this easy, we are providing this letter and the accompanying documents as the best available science on the freshwater species within the boundary of your groundwater sustainability agency (GSA).
  • Rainforest Way

    Rainforest Way

    Rainforest Way Rainforest Way OPEN IN MOBILE Nightcap National Park Details Open leg route 269.3KM / 167.4MI (Est. travel time 5 hours) Discover enchanting rainforest, tumbling waterfalls, superb lookouts and idyllic country towns on this romantic road trip. Travel at your own pace as you journey through the lush Byron Bay hinterland and an ancient volcanic caldera, to the spectacular national parks near Lismore. What is a QR code? To learn how to use QR codes refer to the last page 1 of 19 Rainforest Way What is a QR code? To learn how to use QR codes refer to the last page 2 of 19 Rainforest Way 1 Byron Bay Byron Bay, New South Wales OPEN IN MOBILE Begin your road trip in the iconic coastal town of Byron Bay, famous for its surf breaks, food scene and bohemian culture. Make your way into the Byron Bay hinterland, replacing the golden sand and coastline with green rolling hills and farmland. When you reach the village of Federal, 30min from Byron Bay, stop to refuel at Federal Doma Cafe. Woman surfing at The Pass, Byron Bay Heading north, detour to Minyon Falls lookout and you’ll be rewarded with spectacular views of a waterfall plunging 100 metres into a palm- canopied gorge below. Stop for a quick photo opp or stay for a picnic lunch and bushwalk through the rainforest to the base of the falls. Discover the spirituality escapism Byron Bay is known for at Crystal Castle and Shambhala Gardens, home to the world’s largest amethyst cave and natural crystals.
  • Megaloptera: Corydalidae: Neohermes Banks) Discovered from North America by a Systematic Revision, with Phylogenetic and Biogeographic Implications

    Megaloptera: Corydalidae: Neohermes Banks) Discovered from North America by a Systematic Revision, with Phylogenetic and Biogeographic Implications

    RESEARCH ARTICLE A New Fishfly Species (Megaloptera: Corydalidae: Neohermes Banks) Discovered from North America by a Systematic Revision, with Phylogenetic and Biogeographic Implications Xingyue Liu1*, Shaun L. Winterton2 1 Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China, 2 California State Collection of Arthropods, California Department of Food & Agriculture, Sacramento, California, United States of America * [email protected] OPEN ACCESS Abstract Citation: Liu X, Winterton SL (2016) A New Fishfly The taxonomy of Megaloptera from the Nearctic region is fairly well known and their faunal Species (Megaloptera: Corydalidae: Neohermes diversity has been largely surveyed, even in relatively remote regions. However, the evolu- Banks) Discovered from North America by a tionary history of Nearctic Megaloptera is still poorly known with phylogenetic and biogeo- Systematic Revision, with Phylogenetic and Biogeographic Implications. PLoS ONE 11(2): graphic studies lacking. In this paper, we report a new fishfly species of the endemic North e0148319. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148319 American genus Neohermes Banks, 1908, increasing the total number known of species to Editor: Michael E. Douglas, University of Arkansas, six. This new species (Neohermes inexpectatus sp. nov.) is currently known to occur only in UNITED STATES California (USA) and is apparently confined to the Northern Coastal Range. The new spe- Received: September 28, 2015 cies resembles the three Neohermes species from eastern North America based on the rel- atively small body size and the presence of female gonostyli 9. However, our phylogenetic Accepted: January 14, 2016 analysis using adult morphological data recovered the new species as the sister species to Published: February 17, 2016 the remaining Neohermes, which includes two species from western North America and Copyright: This is an open access article, free of all three from eastern North America.
  • Waterfall Way Corridor Strategy

    Waterfall Way Corridor Strategy

    B78 WATERFALLWAY DRAFT CORRIDOR STRATEGY JULY 2017 WATERFALL WAY DRAFT CORRIDOR STRATEGY July 2017 Waterfall Way DRAFT CORRIDOR STRATEGY Draft for consultation I Draft only: actions subject to government priorities and funding availability B78 WATERFALL WAY DRAFT CORRIDOR STRATEGY JULY 2017 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY EXECUTIVE Heading east through Bellingen Main Street The Waterfall Way Corridor is during consultation will inform future planning, final actions will be subject to government located in Northern NSW and priorities and funding availability. extends from the Pacific Highway The Waterfall Way provides: at Raleigh to the NewDraft England for Highway at Armidale a distance of • The Waterfall Way is an important transport corridor, providing an east – west connection 170km. Traffic volumes along the between the Pacific and New England Waterfall Way vary in the rural highways. It connects rural communities to the sections from around 750 vehicles urban centres of Coffs Harbour and Armidale per day (vpd) betweenconsultation Dorrigo • It is a tourist route passing the waterfalls on the Dorrigo Mountain and provides access to the and Ebor to over 6,700vpd Dorrigo National Park between the Pacific Highway and • A transport route for the timber and Bellingen. agricultural industries. Key customers along the corridor include: This draft sets out the proposed strategic vision to manage and guide development of the Waterfall • Commuters; trips to urban centres, such as Way road corridor to improve safety, traffic Coffs Harbour, for employment and education efficiency and sustainability. There is no • Longer personal and work related educational, commitment to, or funding for, proposed actions health, recreational and business trips; identified in this draft.