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WAR in the PACIFIC NATIONAL HISTORIC PARK 2003-2004 By MICRONESIAN JOURNAL OF THE HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES Vol. 3, nº 1–2 December 2004 MICRONESIAN ROUND-UP THE WAR IN THE PACIFIC NATIONAL HISTORIC PARK 2003-2004 by Tammy Duchesne War in the Pacific National Park, Guam INTRODUCTION THE FORCED CLOSURE OF THE MUSEUM, War in the Pacific National Historical Park is LIBRARY, AND VISITOR’S CENTER located on Guam, approximately 13 degrees While the park tried to plan for and anticipate north of the equator and about 3,300 miles visitor and resource needs for the last twenty southwest of Hawaii. The park, comprised of five years, in December 2002, something they seven noncontiguous units and containing couldn’t plan for, a supertyphoon, struck the 1928 acres (1002 which are submerged), is one island of Guam. On December 8th 2002, of 385 different parks within the US National Supertyphoon Pongsona destroyed the park’s Park Service. The historical park was estab- T. Stell Newman Visitor’s Center which lished in August 18, 1978 “to commemorate housed the park’s museum, research library, the bravery and sacrifice of those participating and administrative offices. While Superty- in the campaigns of the Pacific Theater of phoon Pongsona may have destroyed the WWII and to conserve and interpret out- physical facilities, it has been unable to stymie standing natural, scenic, and historic values and the park staff’s enthusiasm or eagerness to objects on the island of Guam.” Within the share its resources and knowledge with the parks boundaries are two historic battlefields, public. Even though the staff of eleven has gun emplacements, memorials, monuments, been forced to work out of the attic, tool clos- trenches, and historic structures which all serve ets, supply rooms, and tire rooms of the main- as silent reminders of the bloody battles that tenance garage for the past two years, they ensued on the Island of Guam. In addition to have continued to share their knowledge with the cultural resources, War in the Pacific NHP the residents of the island whose history, cul- also contains amazing natural resources in- tural, and natural resources they are working to cluding limestone forests, wetlands, a ma- preserve, conserve, protect, and interpret. By hogany forest, and a coral reef which is one of employing innovative and nontraditional the most diverse in the Park Service. methods, the park has been able to accomplish their mission despite the challenging circum- This contribution is not peer-reviewed. © Micronesian Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN 1449-7336 Letao Publishing, PO Box 3080, Albury NSW, Australia 81 82 Micronesian Round-up stances and they have been able to expand public through the internet. Since the closure their outreach to a wider audience than ever of the museum and administrative offices in before. December 2002, the museum collection was forced into essentially “dead storage” and the A NEW WAY OF DOING THINGS extensive research library was made completely inaccessible to both the staff and the public. In Outreach and Interpretation order to allow the public to access our museum Lacking a visitor’s center, park staff continued resources, over 800 images from our historical their efforts to provide outreach to the com- photo collection were scanned and placed on- munity. About once a month park staff would line in albums organized both thematically and visit either the Guam public or the Department geographically. In addition to placing these of Defense (Navy or Air Force) schools to help historical images on-line, natural resource staff teach about the events of WWII and to inform members also added several hundred photos to the students about the mission of the War in marine and terrestrial “nature guides” the Pacific NHP. During these outreach (www.npswapa.org/gallery/War-in-the-Pacific- events, each member of the park staff would NHP) to help provide residents with reference bring natural resource specimens or historical images to be able to help identify the various artifacts that would help explain the island’s aquatic and terrestrial species which are present cultural, natural, and historical resources. Dur- in the park and on Guam. In addition to post- ing these outreach events staff members would ing photos to the site, many articles, publica- be stationed at different tables and would sim- tions, and archival documents from the mu- ultaneously give presentations on one specific seum collection related to WWII were added to aspect of the park. After fifteen minutes at one the site including links to other informative table, the students would be rotated to another WWII sites. Park brochures, information on special interest table so they could participate the various park units and the park’s adminis- in another presentation. The students enjoyed trative and management documents were also the diverse presentations as there was always included in the new website as a way to com- something that appealed to everyone. During municate with the public while we lacked a these presentations, students were able to learn visitor’s center, museum, and park headquar- about the park’s natural and cultural resources, ters. In addition to this new site offering visi- learn more about Guam’s wartime history, and tors virtual access to our museum collection gain a better understanding of the events of images and archival documents, the site was WWII in the Pacific Theater. In the absence of also a way to communicate with both people a museum and visitor center, park staff such as on and off Guam to inform them about our rangers, the park’s Ecologist and Biological events and activities (www.nps.gov/wapa/ Technicians, the Museum Curator, and the pphtml/news.html). Superintendent will continue to provide out- The website was launched on July 19th reach into the classrooms. 2004 and at the writing of this article the site already had 20,100 “hits” since its debut. Even The New Website and the Launch of a though WAPA lacks a physical building to of- Virtual Museum fer exhibits, interpretation, and information One of the biggest accomplishments of the about our park and the events of WWII in the park this year was the establishment of the Pacific, through our website we are able to park’s new website and “virtual museum” reach a wider audience than ever before as (www.nps.gov/wapa/indepth). Thanks to a visitors are not constrained by hours of oper- grant from the Guam Humanities Council and ation, mobility, or geography. Given that in the funding from the Arizona Memorial Museum past, the majority of on-site visitors were Japa- Association, War in the Pacific NHP was able nese, the park has secured funding to translate to design and launch an extensive website selected pages of the new website into Japa- which makes park resources available to the nese. To the park’s knowledge, this will be the The War in the Pacific National Historic Park 2003-2004 83 first time that any National Park Service web- In order to celebrate Liberation Day, the site has ever been translated into Japanese. park rented the KAHA art gallery at Two Lov- Future plans include translating the site into ers Point and exhibited their newly fabricated additional languages such as Chamorro, Chi- “Planes and Pin Ups Exhibit” in addition to nese, and Korean. displaying five traveling exhibits on loan from the Admiral Nimitz Museum in- Fredricksburg, Events, Ceremonies, And Exhibits Texas. These Admiral Nimitz exhibits were on This year marked the 60th anniversary of the nose art, POWs during WWII, Admiral Isorku liberation of Guam and many events were Yamamoto, women in WWII, and the air war scheduled to commemorate the occasion. The for Guadalcanal. While War in the Pacific park hosted “Movies in the Park” where Tora! lacked their own museum, they were able to Tora! Tora! was shown on a large tarp strung create a museum environment for the month between two coconut trees in the middle of the of July and August by renting a gallery, devel- Asan Beach Unit. Many families attended the oping their own exhibit, and borrowing others free event and snacked on popcorn while from a WWII museum in Texas. watching the movie under the stars while loun- During Liberation week the park also ging on the park’s lawn next to the ocean. hosted a web-site debut for the returning lib- During the Memorial Day weekend, a guest erators, their families, and the Guam public so astronomer from the University of Guam that all could learn what resources were on the brought telescopes to the park and gave an in- new website, see how to navigate to the various formative presentation on the stars and planets portions of the site, and offer their input on that could be seen in Guam’s skies. In addition what they would like to see on the site in the to being able to watch WWII movies in the future. park and allowing residents to appreciate the night sky, in cooperation with the Department of Parks and Recreation, guided hikes or “boonie stomps” were offered each weekend to the historical WWII sites on island during the month of July. In an attempt to offer the public a new ex- hibit related to WWII, the park designed and fabricated a traveling exhibit on nose-art called “Planes and Pin-Ups”. Nose art refers to the paintings or drawings that were painted on the fuselages of many WWII aircrafts. The paint- ings, often of beautiful women or cartoon characters, were painted to help boost morale Figure 1 Some of the 1,826 flags that were placed on and these art-forms also allowed men to iden- the historical battlefield of the Asan Beach unit.
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