THE LETTERS of BRENDAN BEHAN Also by E
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THE LETTERS OF BRENDAN BEHAN Also by E. H. Mikhail THE SOCIAL AND CULTURAL SETTING OF THE 1890s JOHN GALSWORTHY THE DRAMATIST COMEDY AND TRAGEDY .. SEAN O'CASEY: A Bibliography of Criticism .. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MODERN IRISH DRAMA 1899-1970 *DISSERTATIONS ON ANGLO-IRISH DRAMA .. THE STING AND THE TWINKLE: Conversations with Sean O'Casey (co-editor with john O'Riordan) .. J. M. SYNGE: A Bibliography of Criticism *CONTEMPORARY BRITISH DRAMA 1950-1976 .. J. M. SYNGE: Interviews and Recollections (editor) .. W. B. YEATS: Interviews and Recollections (two volumes) (editor) ENGLISH DRAMA 190D-1950 .. LADY GREGORY: Interviews and Recollections (editor) .. OSCAR WILDE: An Annotated Bibliography of Criticism .. OSCAR WILDE: Interviews and Recollections (two volumes) (editor) A RESEARCH GUIDE TO MODERN IRISH DRAMATISTS THE ART OF BRENDAN BEHAN .. BRENDAN BEHAN: An Annotated Bibliography of Criticism AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MODERN ANGLO- IRISH DRAMA .. LADY GREGORY: An Annotated Bibliography of Criticism .. BRENDAN BEHAN: Interviews and Recollections (two volumes) (editor) SEAN O'CASEY AND HIS CRITICS .. THE ABBEY THEATRE: Interviews and Recollections (editor) .. JAMES JOYCE: Interviews and Recollections (editor) .. SHERIDAN: Interviews and Recollections (editor) .. Also published by Macmillan The Letters of Brendan Behan Edited by E. H. Mikhail M MACMILLAN Brendan Behan's letters © Mrs Beatrice Behan 1992 Selection and editorial matter © E. H. Mikhail 1992 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1992 978-0-333-52302-5 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or fransmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 9HE. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. First published 1992 Published by MACMILLAN ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 2XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world Edited and typeset by Povey /Edmondson Okehampton and Rochdale, England British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Behan, Brendan 1923-1964 The letters of Brendan Behan. I. Drama in English. Behan, Brendan, 19 23-1964 I. Title II. Mikhail, E. H. 822.914 ISBN 978-1-349-11490-0 ISBN 978-1-349-11488-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-11488-7 Contents List of Plates vi Acknowledgements vii Introduction ix Biographical Chronology xiii THE LETTERS 1 1932-1939: Youth 3 2 1942-1948: In and Out of Prison 11 3 1951-1956: Freelance Journalist 39 4 1957: A Busy Year for Correspondence 85 5 1958: International Travel - Spain, Sweden 141 6 1959: Berlin, Paris; First Breakdown 167 7 1960: Dublin, London, New York; Second Breakdown 173 8 1961: 11000 miles across USA, Canada and Mexico 183 9 1962: New York, Dublin, London, France 211 10 1963: The Last Two Letters 227 Appendix A: Index of Recipients 233 Appendix B: Select Bibliography of Behan's Works 235 Subject Index 236 v List of Plates 1. Brendan Behan in Sean O'Sullivan's studio, St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2. Brendan Behan, working in Dublin 3. Brendan Behan, with the original cast of The Quare Fellow 4. Brendan Behan, 1958, in Sweden at the invitation of Dr Olof Lagerlof 5. In Tijuana, Mexico: Brendan Behan, friend Peter Arthurs and Beatrice Behan 6. Brendan Behan, working in New York 7. Brendan Behan in New York 8. Brendan Behan at the Algonquin Hotel, New York vi Acknowledgements I am grateful to all my benefactors who have given me much help and kindness in the preparation of this work. My first thanks are due to Mrs Beatrice Behan, the widow of Brendan Behan and owner of the copyright in his letters. Mrs Behan has throughout generously helped me with encouragement, information and forbearance. Mrs Rae Jeffs (now Mrs Peter A. Sebley) had the foresight to save Brendan's correspondence in Hutchinson's files and she willingly made it available to me. Mr Seamus de Burca, Brendan's cousin, provided much-needed personal reminiscences and family histories. Mr Rory Furlong, Brendan's stepbrother, volunteered contacts that have led to the discovery of some correspondence. Mr Ulick O'Connor, Brendan's biographer, graciously gave me the benefit of his experience and answered my many queries. Mr Nick Hem combed through the files of Eyre Methuen. Mr Cathal Goulding has always been more than willing to assist me. Both Mr lain Hamilton and Sir Robert Lusty have kindly given me permission to quote from their correspondence with Brendan. All these helpers have laboured far beyond the call of friendship, duty or scholarship; and I am profoundly in their debt. The book benefited greatly from the translations of Gaelic texts into English by Dr Richard Wall and Mr Michea.I 6 hAodha; from the comments and suggestions made by Mr John Ryan, Dr Richard Wall and Dr Brian Tyson; from the preparation of the final typescript by Miss Bea Ramtej; and from the patience and encouragement of my wife Isabelle. Thanks are also due to the University of Lethbridge for granting me a sabbatical leave to complete this work; and to the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada for awarding me a Research Grant as well as a Leave Fellowship without which this volume could not have come into existence. It is also a pleasant duty to record my appreciation to the staff of the University of Lethbridge Library; the Fales Library of New York University; the Morris Library of Southern Illinois University at Carbondale; the National Library of Ireland; the Royal Irish Academy; the British Library, London; and the Newspaper Library, Colindale. Some editorial material has been derived from previously published works, particularly the books by Mr Ulick O'Connor, Mrs Rae Jeffs, Mrs Beatrice Behan, and Mr Seamus de Burca. vii viii Acknowledgements My gratitude is also due to the following for support, encouragement, assistance, information, editorial material, or notification of the whereabouts of certain letters: Dr Les Allen; Professor William A. Armstrong; Mr Tony Aspler; the Honourable David Astor; Mr G. H. M. B. Baird; Mr Francis Balle of the Institut Fran~ais de Presse et des Sciences d'Information; Mr Brian Behan; Mrs Kathleen Behan; Mr Bob Bradshaw; Professor Bernard Benstock; Dr Cheryl Calver; Mrs Aline Chapman; Mr Philip Connolly; Ms Hilary Cummings of the Morris Library at Southern Illinois University; Mr Kenneth W. Duckett; Ms Ellen S. Dunlap of the Humanities Research Center at the University of Texas; Mr Thomas Doran; Professor Ruth Dudley Edwards; Mr John Feeney; Dr Monk Gibbon; Miss Ann Louise Gilligan; Mrs Imelda Gilligan; Ms Katherine F. Gould of the Library of Congress; Dr Theodore Greider; Ms Gillian Greenwood, Assistant Editor of Books and Bookmen; Miss Rosemary Howard; Miss Joanne Hurst of the New Statesman; Mr Valentin Iremonger; Mr Sean Kavanagh; Mr Fred Keefe of the New Yorker; Mr Benedict Kiely; Professor David Krause; Dr Olof Lagerlof; Mr Tony Lennon; Fr Uegene McCarthy; Mr Riobard Mac G6niin; Mr Desmond MacNamara; Miss Deirdre McQuillan; Mr Eamonn Martin; Mr Claude Marks; Mr Paul Myers, Curator of the Billy Rose Theatre Collection at the New York Public Library; Ms Kathleen R. Nathan of Hutchinson Publishing Group Limited; Miss Ide nf'Thuama of the Royal Irish Academy; Mrs David O'Connell; Mr Sean O'Faolain; Mr Michea! 6 hAodha; Miss Mary O'Neill; Mr and Mrs John O'Riordan; Mr Corey Phelps; Professor Mark Roberts; Mr Bernard Rogan; Mr John Ryan; Miss Celia Salkeld; Mr Jim Savage; Mr Lee Savage; the late Alan Simpson; Ms Carolyn Swift; Mr Herbert Tarr; Mr Mickey Traynor; Mr Sindbad Vail; Dr Richard Wall; Mr Joe Walsh, and Mr John Gillard Watson. Although the task of locating, collecting, and editing this correspondence has been mine, all those mentioned in these acknowledgements have been the guiding genius behind this book. If the names of any helpers have been inadvertently omitted, I beg their forgiveness and should like to thank them collectively. E. H. MIKHAIL Introduction Brendan Behan- unlike W. B. Yeats, Sean O'Casey, and Bernard Shaw was not a diligent letter-writer. Almost everyone connected with him testified to this fact. According to his widow, Beatrice, he was 'not much given to letter writing'. 1 His cousin, Seamus de Burca, quoted him as saying: 'Whoever writes my biography will get no help from my letters. I never write any.'2 Rae Jeffs, the editor of his tape-recorded works, noticed that 'he was now using the telephone instead, possibly because he found it a less troublesome, if more expensive, way of communicating'.3 This was confirmed by Micheal 6 hAodha, the drama director, who wrote that 'Behan's letters are fairly scarce as he usually 'phoned';4 by Riobard MacG6rain, of the Irish language organisation, Gael-Linn, who said that Brendan 'wasn't normally a letter-writer. The phone was his prime medium of communication in dealing with individuals';5 and by Sindbad Vail, the former editor of the Paris periodical Points, who asked 'I wonder how many he wrote and how many are available?'6 Brendan himself seemed to agree when he wrote to his halfbrother, Rory: 'One of the reasons I never write letters is that I can get more than a dollar a word for writing.' 7 This claim of not being among the most prolific of letter-writers had also been made by Oscar Wilde. 'I never answer or write letters', as Coulson Kernan quoted him as saying.8 Both Oscar Wilde and Brendan Behan, however, turned out not to be bad correspondents after all, considering their meteoric careers and their deaths at a relatively early age.