Botanika – Steciana 11, 2007, 159-170 ISSN 1896-1908

Roczniki Akademii Rolniczej w Poznaniu CCCLXXXVI

Botanika – Steciana 11, 2007, 159-170 www.au.poznan.pl/steciana ISSN 1896-1908

Nature monuments in the Gniezno County

Wojciech Antkowiak, Olga Wojciechowska

W. Antkowiak, Department of Botany, August Cieszkowski Agricultural University, Wojska Polskiego 71c, 60-625 Poznań, Poland, e-mail: [email protected]

(Received: May 14, 2007. Accepted: May 23, 2007)

Abstract. The study presents results of a survey of nature monuments in the Gniezno County: 106 trees, 24 groups of trees, one avenue and one granite erratic. The biggest number, i.e. 55 nature monuments, are located in the Kiszkowo commune, while the lowest in the Niechanowo commune (one nature monument). Among the inventoried 401 trees of 24 species the most numerous group (62.8%) consisted of common oaks Quercus robur, small-leaved limes Tilia cordata (15.0%), white poplars Populus alba (4.2%) and European ashes Fraxinus excelsior (4.2%). Coniferous trees constituted only 2% of all inventoried trees. The most impressive trees in the Gniezno county are common oaks: seven of them with girth of 5-6 m, one with girth of 6.23 m and one – from Mielno (the biggest girth among all inventoried trees) of 8.40 m. Impressive trees include also three white poplars (the communes of Kiszkowo and Witkowo; girths of 5.11, 5.22 and 5.95 m), one black poplar (the Trzemeszno commune; girth of 5.86 m), one European ash (the Kiszkowo commune; girth of 5.05 m) and one white willow (the Trzemeszno commune; girth of 6.0 m). Other objects worth mentioning here are Populus tremula from Kamionki (girth of 4.3 m), a granite erratic from Sokolniki (the Mieleszyn commune) with a girth exceeding 14 m and height of 2 m and Lipa Hipolita Cegielskiego [The Hipolit Ciegielski Lime] growing in Ławki (the Trzemeszno commune). This tree was planted next to a house in which this famous resident of the Wielkopolska region lived, in the year he was born. The tree has an exceptional trunk – in its damaged inside we may see large adventitious roots. Almost 50% of trees considered to be nature monuments grow in manor parks and in other green area designs, while almost 20% grow in forests. A vast majority of trunks (84%) and crowns (73%) exhibit very good and good health state. Weak and poor health condition of stems was found in 6.6%, and that of crowns in 9% trees, respectively. A distinct upward trend has been observed for the number of nature monuments in the Gniezno County. In the years 1945-1969 7% monuments were approved, in the 1970’s it was 5%, while in the 1980’s it was 17% nature monuments. A considerable increase in the number of nature monuments was observed in the 1990’s (36% established nature monuments) and in the first years of the 21st century (up to 20053 5% nature monuments were established). Among 132 monuments in the Gniezno county only 10 were approved by the local government, while the others were established on the basis of the ordinance of the provincial governor or the ordinance of the Provincial People’s Council.

Key words: nature monument, the Gniezno County, survey

Introduction cies, springs, waterfalls, karst springs, rocks, ravines, erratic boulders, caves”. Nature monuments constitute one of the most valu- able elements of the natural landscape. They are admired for their ancient age, majestic beauty, presented by poets, The site of the study, painters and photographers, and as such they have been material and methods truly appreciated by the contemporary population. The term “nature monument” was introduced in lit- The Gniezno County is one of the 35 counties of the erature by a famous naturalist Alexander von Humboldt Wielkopolskie province. It borders the Żnin, Mogilno, at the beginning of the 20th century (Kasprzak 1995), Słupca, Września, Poznań and Wągrowiec counties. The and adopted by the Polish legal system to the nature county consists of nine communes: Czerniejewo,�� Gniez conservation practice with the Act on Nature Protec- no, Kiszkowo, Kłecko, Łubowo, Mieleszyn, Niechanowo, tion of 1949 (Ustawa... 1949). The Act of 16 April, 2004 Trzemeszno and Witkowo (Fig.�� 1). (the official gazette Dziennik Ustaw... 2004) definesthe It covers the area of 125 000 ha and in the scale of the nature monument as “single creations of animate and Wielkopolskie province it ranks sixth. Investigations were inanimate nature or their clusters with special scientific, conducted in the vegetation seasons of 2005 and 2006. historical and heritage value, and exhibiting individual The survey of nature monuments was based on infor- features among other creations, being especially ancient mation obtained from the archives of the Nature Con- and impressive trees and shrubs of native or alien spe- servation Officer for the Wielkopolska region, as well as

Fig. 1. The location of towns with nature monuments: 1 – county boundaries, 2 – commune boundaries, 3 – railway line, 4 – roads, 5 – water bodies commune offices. They were mostly data from applica- Results tions to have the nature monument established or deci- sions concerning the creation of the protected form. In the Gniezno County the following nature monu- Trees were inventoried by measuring their stem cir- ments were inventoried (Tables 1 and 2): cumference at a height of 1.3 m. These values were given – 106 trees (48 in the Kiszkowo commune, 25 in the accurate to 1 cm. If a tree was growing on a hill slope, Czerniejewo commune, 13 in the Kłecko commune, then girth was measured from the slope side. In case of with eight each in the communes of Mieleszyn and trees having considerable holes in their stems at a�� height Trzemeszno, two in the Witkowo commune and with of 1.3 m girth was measured above and below the hole. one each in the communes of Łubowo and ��Niecha- The proper value of girth is the arithmetic mean of these nowo��), two measurements. Tree height was measured using – 23 clusters of trees (seven in the Kiszkowo commune, a�� hypsometer�� by Suunto. four in the Mieleszyn commune, with three each in The health state of trees was also estimated based the communes of Trzemeszno and Witkowo, with on a 5-point scale, following the recommendations by two each in the communes of Gniezno and Kłecko, Kasprzak (2005): with one each in the communes of Czerniejewo and 5 (very good health state) – trees completely healthy, Łubowo), with no dry branches, holes in the trunk or disease – one oak tree line formed by 115 Quercus robur trees symptoms, (the Witkowo commune), 4 (good) – trees with slight trunk/stem damage and small – one avenue (46 small-leaved limes; the Trzemeszno crown depletion, especially in the top part (up to 30%), commune), 3 (satisfactory) – trees in “average” condition, light-foli- – one granite erratic boulder (the Mieleszyn commune). aged crown – not very well-foliaged, crown dead in A total of 401 trees of 24 species were inventoried: 30-50%, with slight holes in the trunk or stem, 252 Quercus robur trees, 60 Tilia cordata, 17 Populus 2 (bad) – trees having 50-70% dead crown and trunk or alba, 17 Fraxinus excelsior, 12 Tilia platyphyllos, 11 Ulmus stem, considerable depletion in wood tissue, numerous laevis, eight Aesculus hippocastanum, three each of Fa� damage sites on trunk and/or hollows and/or visible gus sylvatica and Picea abies, two each of Pinus sylve� symptoms of pathogen infestation, stris, Populus nigra, Sorbus torminalis, one each of Acer 1 (very bad) – trees with crown and trunk or stem dead campestre, Euonymus europaeus, Pinus nigra, Platanus in over 70%, with numerous hollows, in which less × hispanica, Populus tremula, Pyrus communis, Quercus than 25% girth performs conductive functions, and petraea, Q. rubra, Robinia pseudoacacia, Salix alba, Taxus dead trees. baccata, and Thuja occidentalis�. Among the inventoried Nature monuments in the Gniezno County 161 objects the most numerous group (62.8%) consisted of from the register. It was a common oak, which girth in common oaks Quercus robur, small-leaved limes Tilia 1979 was 6.6 m. The remainder after the fallen tree is its cordata (15.0%), white poplars Populus alba (4.2%) and damaged trunk of 2.4 m in height. European ashes Fraxinus excelsior (4.2%). Due to the incorrect data found in the register of na- The most impressive trees in the Gniezno County ture monuments, it was not possible to find a common (among all the categories of nature monuments) are oak tree called “Stary Dąb” [The Old Oak], registered at common oaks: seven of them with girth of 5-6 m, one no. 354/96. (no. 446, the Mieleszyn commune) with girth of 6.23 m Nature monument no. 508 (the Mieleszyn commune) and one (the biggest girth among all inventoried trees) of was given in Table 1, although it was registered in the 8.40 m (no. 122/23, the Mieleszyn commune). Impressive category of tree clusters. Out of two maples, the Acer trees include also three white poplars (the communes campestre tree remains, while Acer platanoides was of Kiszkowo and Witkowo; girths of 5.11, 5.22 and 5.95 felled. m), one black poplar (the Trzemeszno commune; girth The tree cluster – nature monument no. 435 (the of 5.86 m), one European ash (the Kiszkowo commune; Mieleszyn commune, Table 2) is formed by two Quer� girth of 5.05 m) and one white willow (the Trzemeszno cus�� robur trees. At the time this nature monument was commune; girth of 6.0 m). established (1983) this cluster was formed by three com- Almost 50% of trees being nature monuments grow mon oaks. in former manor parks and in other green area design In one tree cluster (nature monument no. 620, the systems, while almost 20% grow in forests. Mieleszyn commune, Table 2) the Pinus strobus tree In the area in focus there are 23 clusters of trees con- is missing. This nature monument is formed by three sidered nature monuments. They are composed of 135 Ulmus�� laevis trees. trees of 11 species. Common oaks predominate here – 85 Nature monument no. 90 (the Witkowo commune, trees (63.0%). Table 2) is at present formed by 41 common oaks, and A vast majority of trunks (84%) and crowns (73%) not as it was given in the directive – 43. exhibit very good and good health state. Weak and poor The tree cluster – nature monument no. 140 (the health condition of stems was found in 6.6%, and that Witkowo commune, Table 2) is formed by six white pop- of crowns in 9% trees, respectively. lars. At the time this nature monument was established Among 132 nature monuments of the Gniezno there were nine of them. County only 10 were appointed by the local government The avenue in Trzemeszno (nature monument no. (a�� lack�� of the provincial register number; the Kiszkowo 1296, Table 2) in 1995 was by 12 small-leaved lime trees commune, Tables 1 and 2). The other monuments were more numerous. established by the ordinance of the provincial governor or the decision of the Provincial Council. A distinct upward trend has been observed for the Discussion and results number of nature monuments in the Gniezno County. In the years 1945-1969 7% monuments were approved, in The information on the impressive trees in the the 1970’s it was 5%, while in the 1980’s it was 17% na- Gniezno County can be found in several sources pub- ture monuments. A considerable increase in the number lished before World War II. Kulesza (1928) reported of nature monuments was observed in the 1990’s (36% that in the town of Zakrzewo there was a white poplar established nature monuments) and in the first years of with girth of 5.0 m and in Jankowo Dolne there were the 21st century (up to the year 2005 35% nature monu- two wild serviceberries. These two Sorbus torminalis ments were established). trees are at present a nature monument (no. 196/50, the The manner in which nature monuments are regis- Gniezno commune, Table 2). tered is not always sufficiently precise. Most probably In the town of Mielno Kulesza (1928) mentioned nature monuments registered in 2003 as nos. 1295/02 a Quercus robur tree with girth of 6.8 m. Środoń (1934) and 1297/00 (the Kiszkowo commune) are identical as reported three other “ancient” common oaks: in the town nature monuments nos. 959/97 and 961/97 (Table 1). of Mnichowo a tree with girth of 7.4 m and in Skorzęcin Nature monuments nos. 1295/02 and 1297/00 were not oaks with girths of 4.01 and 4.11 m. In the supplemen- included in the list. The mistake made by the initiator tary list of impressive oaks (Środoń 1935 b), we can find could have been avoided if the established nature monu- information on five oaks growing in the park in ��Czer- ments had been marked with a plaque bearing the infor- niejewo,�� belonging to count Zygmunt Skórzewski, out mation “NATURE MONUMENT”. Out of 106 trees being of which the oldest had girth of 3.24 m, and the old oak nature monuments these plaques are found on 61 trees. wood in Czerniejewo, with “approx. 200 specimens with The best marked trees – nature monuments are at present girths of 3.00-6.00 m”. It is likely that the thickest (girth growing in the communes of Kiszkowo and Kłecko. of 8.40 m) common oak from Mielno (nature monument The list of nature monuments does not include “tree cluster” with registration number 122/23, the Mie- a�� white poplar (no. 952/97, the Kiszkowo commune, the leszyn commune, Table 2) is a tree described by Kulesza town of Sławno) and a European white elm (no. 506, the (1928). Most probably oaks mentioned by Środoń (1934, Mieleszyn commune, the town of Przysieka). Those trees 1935 b), growing in Skorzęcin and Czerniejewo, have were cut down and should be removed from the register survived to our times. They may be one of nature monu- of nature monuments. ments nos. 1010/00, 1011/00 (the Czerniejewo commune, Table 1 does not include nature monument no. 357 Table 1), 21 (the Witkowo commune, Table 1) or 91 (the (Czerniejewo, compartment 131 b), which was removed Witkowo commune, Table 2). 162 W. Antkowiak, O. Wojciechowska

Table 1. A list of trees – nature monuments in the Gniezno County

Dimensions Health state Accord- girth Year of height ing to at year girth at estab- at No. the pro- Protected object Location; property owner of es- survey of lish- survey of stem vincial tablish- date crown ment date register ment (m) (m) (m) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Czerniejewo commune 1 352/94 Quercus robur Rakowo, Rakowo Forest Range, com- 1957 4.07 4.62 36.0 5 4 partment 180 k; owner: State Forests 2 353/95 Quercus robur Rakowo, Rakowo Forest Range, com- 1957 4.80 5.83 30.5 5 4 partment 1192 m; owner: State Forests 3 355/97 Quercus robur Głożyna, Linery Forest Range, compart- 1957 4.20 4.55 32.0 4 4 ment 133 g; owner: State Forests 4 356/98 Quercus robur Głożyna, Linery Forest Range, compart- 1957 3.57 4.82 32.0 5 4 ment 133 g; owner: State Forests 5 358/99 Quercus robur Głożyna, Linery Forest Range, compart- 1957 – 4.11 28.5 5 5 ment 133 g; owner: State Forests 6 359/100 Quercus robur Głożyna, Linery Forest Range, compart- 1957 3.23 3.83 24.0 4 4 ment 133 m; owner: State Forests 7 354 Quercus petraea Czerniejewo, Linery Forest Range, com- 1979 2.40 2.40 28.0 4 4 partment 130 d; owner: State Forests 8 355 Quercus robur Czerniejewo, Głożyna Forest Range, 1979 4.55 4.95 26.0 3 2 compartment 129 a; owner: State Forests 9 356 Quercus robur Daniele, Daniele Forest Range, compart- 1979 4.40 4.62 28.0 4 3 ment 27 d; owner: State Forests 10 1010/00 Quercus robur Czerniejewo, in the palace park; owner: 2000 3.90 4.10 31.0 5 3 Czerniejewskie Przedsiębiorstwo Rolno- -Usługowe Sp. z o.o. 11 1011/00 Quercus robur Czerniejewo, in the palace park; owner: 2000 4.00 4.19 36.0 4 3 Czerniejewskie Przedsiębiorstwo Rolno- Usługowe Sp. z o.o. 12 1012/00 Quercus robur Czerniejewo, in the palace park; owner: 2000 3.34 3.60 32.0 5 3 Czerniejewskie Przedsiębiorstwo Rolno- -Usługowe Sp. z o.o. 13 1013/00 Quercus robur Czerniejewo, in the palace park; owner: 2000 3.45 3.60 33.0 5 4 Czerniejewskie Przedsiębiorstwo Rolno- -Usługowe Sp. z o.o. 14 1014/00 Quercus robur Czerniejewo, in the palace park; owner: 2000 3.15 3.34 29.0 4 2 Czerniejewskie Przedsiębiorstwo Rolno- -Usługowe Sp. z o.o. 15 1015/00 Quercus robur Czerniejewo, in the palace park; owner: 2000 3.20 3.44 27.0 5 4 Czerniejewskie Przedsiębiorstwo Rolno- -Usługowe Sp. z o.o. 16 1016/00 Quercus robur Czerniejewo, in the palace park; owner: 2000 3.83 3.98 27.0 5 3 Czerniejewskie Przedsiębiorstwo Rolno- -Usługowe Sp. z o.o. 17 1017/00 Quercus robur Czerniejewo, in the palace park; owner: 2000 3.30 3.36 32.0 5 4 Czerniejewskie Przedsiębiorstwo Rolno- -Usługowe Sp. z o.o. 18 1018/00 Quercus robur Czerniejewo, in the palace park; owner: 2000 3.30 3.47 27.0 4 4 Czerniejewskie Przedsiębiorstwo Rolno- -Usługowe Sp. z o.o. 19 1019/00 Picea abies Czerniejewo, in the palace park; owner: 2000 2.65 2.74 38.5 4 4 Czerniejewskie Przedsiębiorstwo Rolno- -Usługowe Sp. z o.o. 20 1020/00 Picea abies Czerniejewo, in the palace park; owner: 2000 2.65 2.85 33.0 5 4 Czerniejewskie Przedsiębiorstwo Rolno- -Usługowe Sp. z o.o. 21 1021/00 Taxus baccata Czerniejewo, in the palace park; owner: 2000 – 2.06. 12.0 2 4 Czerniejewskie Przedsiębiorstwo Rolno- 1.56. -Usługowe Sp. z o.o. 0.98 22 1022/00 Fraxinus excelsior Czerniejewo, in the palace park; owner: 2000 2.80 3.10 28.0 5 4 Czerniejewskie Przedsiębiorstwo Rolno- -Usługowe Sp. z o.o. Nature monuments in the Gniezno County 163

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 23 1023/00 Fraxinus excelsior Czerniejewo, in the palace park; owner: 2000 2.80 3.10 29.0 5 4 Czerniejewskie Przedsiębiorstwo Rolno- Usługowe Sp. z o.o. 24 1024/00 Fraxinus excelsior Czerniejewo, in the palace park; owner: 2000 4.05 4.40 32.0 5 4 Czerniejewskie Przedsiębiorstwo Rolno- Usługowe Sp. z o.o. 25 1025/00 Fagus sylvatica Czerniejewo, in the palace park; owner: 2000 4.05 4.15 33.0 5 4 Czerniejewskie Przedsiębiorstwo Rolno- Usługowe Sp. z o.o. Kiszkowo commune 1 365 Quercus robur Dąbrówka Kościelna; owner: State 1980 3.90 4.15 21.0 3 3 Forests 2 448 Tilia cordata Głębokie, in the former manor park; 1983 4.10 4.17 22.0 3 4 owner: the State Agency of Agricultural Real Estate 3 449 Quercus robur Głębokie, in the former manor park; 1983 5.20 5.22 18.0 2 2 owner: the State Agency of Agricultural Real Estate 4 523 Robinia Dąbrówka Kościelna, church plot; 1986 2.71 3.13 17.0 2 4 pseudoacacia owner: the Roman Catholic Parish in Dąbrówka Kościelna 5 692 Tilia platyphyllos Głębokie, in the former manor park; 1991 3.10 3.16 22.0 4 4 “Ula” owner: the State Agency of Agricultural Real Estate 6 693 Fraxinus excelsior Głębokie, in the former manor park; 1991 3.54 3.81 20.0 2 2 “Aleksander” owner: the State Agency of Agricultural Real Estate 7 694 Quercus robur “Jan” Głębokie, in the former manor park; 1991 3.20 3.48 20.0 3 4 owner: the State Agency of Agricultural Real Estate 8 696 Quercus robur Węgorzewo, in the school park; owner: 1991 3.88 3.97 27.0 5 4 “Wojciech” Elementary School in Węgorzewo 9 943/97 Quercus robur Imiołki, Zakrzewo Forest Range, com- 1997 3.50 3.57 29.0 4 4 “Dąb Otton III” partment 229 l; owner: State Forests 10 944/97 Quercus robur Kamionek, Zakrzewo Forest Range, 1997 3.50 3.58 28.0 5 3 “Dąb Św. Wojciech” compartment 217 h; owner: State Forests 11 945/97 Quercus robur Kamionek, Zakrzewo Forest Range, 1997 3.40 3.55 28.0 5 4 “Dąb Jordan” compartment 219 d; owner: State Forests 12 946/97 Quercus robur Kamionek, Zakrzewo Forest Range, 1997 3.10 3.18 32.0 4 4 “Dąb Mieszko” compartment 219 d; owner: State Forests 13 947/97 Quercus robur Kamionek, Zakrzewo Forest Range, 1997 3.10 3.21 27.0 5 5 “Dąb Czcibór” compartment 219 d; owner: State Forests 14 948/97 Quercus robur Kamionek, Zakrzewo Forest Range, 1997 4.35 4.62 26.0 4 5 “Dąb Chrobry” compartment 219 d; owner: State Forests 15 949/97 Quercus robur Kamionek, Zakrzewo Forest Range, 1997 3.35 3.48 24.0 4 4 “Dąb Mieszko II” compartment 218 o; owner: State Forests 16 950/97 Quercus robur Kamionek, registration plot 21/2; 1997 4.25 4.32 25.0 4 4 “Dąb Kazimierz owner: Rolniczy Kombinat Spółdzielczy Odnowiciel” Kłecko 17 951/97 Populus alba Imiołki, registration plot 17/12; owner: 1997 - 4.32 32.0 4 4 Jarosław Berezowski 18 953/97 Populus alba Sławno, registration plot 212; owner: 1997 4.93 5.11 34.0 2 3 “Teresa” Renata Kościelniak 19 954/97 Fagus sylvatica Sławno, at the Catholic cemetery; owner: 1997 4.65 5.22 28.0 2 4 “Józef” Roman Catholic St. Nicholas Parish in Sławno 20 955/97 Fagus sylvatica Sławno, on the Catholic cemetery; owner: 1997 3.04 3.26 22.0 4 5 “Mieczysław” Roman Catholic St. Nicholas Parish in Sławno 21 956/97 Populus alba “Irena” Sławno, on the Catholic cemetery; owner: 1997 4.72 4.97 36.0 4 4 Roman Catholic St. Nicholas Parish in Sławno 164 W. Antkowiak, O. Wojciechowska

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 22 957/97 Populus alba Sławno, on the Catholic cemetery; owner: 1997 4.30 4.56 33.0 4 3 “Stanisław” Roman Catholic St. Nicholas Parish in Sławno 23 958/97 Populus alba Sławno, on the Catholic cemetery; owner: 1997 3.30 3.53 28.0 4 4 Roman Catholic St. Nicholas Parish in Sławno 24 959/97 Populus alba Sławno, on the Catholic cemetery; owner: 1997 4.18 4.47 34.0 4 2 Roman Catholic St. Nicholas Parish in Sławno 25 960/97 Quercus robur Węgorzewo, in school grounds; owner: 1997 3.30 3.42 26.0 5 5 “Adam” Elementary School in Węgorzewo 26 961/97 Populus nigra Kiszkowo, registration plot 230; owner: 1997 4.00 4.53 35.0 4 3 the Kiszkowo Commune Office 27 962/97 Quercus robur Karczewo, in the former manor park; 1997 3.65 3.76 34.0 4 3 owner: the State Agency of Agricultural Real Estate 28 963/97 Ulmus laevis Karczewo, in the former manor park; 1997 - 3.46 24.0 4 4 owner: the State Agency of Agricultural Real Estate 29 964/97 Aesculus Karczewo, in the former manor park; 1997 3.06 3.08 22.0 4 4 hippocastanum owner: the State Agency of Agricultural Real Estate 30 965/97 Ulmus laevis Karczewo, in the former manor park; 1997 2.59 2.93 27.0 4 3 owner: the State Agency of Agricultural Real Estate 31 1027/00 Quercus robur Zakrzewo, Zakrzewo Forest Range, com- 2000 2.95 3.15 27.0 4 3 partment 212 l; owner: State Forests 32 1028/00 Populus tremula Kamionek, Zakrzewo Forest Range, 2000 4.00 4.33 29.0 4 4 compartment 212 l; owner: State Forests 33 1029/00 Populus alba Imiołki, Zakrzewo Forest Range, com- 2000 4.65 4.93 28.0 5 5 partment 236 a; owner: State Forests 34 1030/00 Quercus robur Sławno, church plot; owner: Roman 2000 3.55 3.96 25.0 5 4 “Św.�� Mikołaj”�� Catholic St. Nicholas Parish in Sławno 35 1031/00 Quercus robur Rybno Wielkie, registration plot 22; 2000 3.23 3.32 26.0 4 4 “Józef” owner: Godysław Radka 36 1032/00 Fraxinus excelsior Łagiewniki Kościelne, registration plot 2000 4.80 5.05 27.0 4 4 292/1; owner: The Kiszkowo Commune Office 37 1033/00 Tilia cordata Łagiewniki Kościelne, registration plot 2000 3.32 4.01 27.0 3 4 292/1; owner: The Kiszkowo Commune Office 38 1034/00 Quercus robur Łagiewniki Kościelne, in park; owner: 2000 3.55 3.74 33.0 3 2 The Kiszkowo Commune Office 39 1293/02 Tilia cordata Łagiewniki Kościelne, church plot; 2003 3.15 3.49 25.0 5 5 owner: the Roman Catholic Parish in Łagiewniki Kościelne 40 1294/02 Tilia cordata Łagiewniki Kościelne, church plot; 2003 3.60 3.92 24.5 5 5 owner: the Roman Catholic Parish in Łagiewniki Kościelne 41 1296/02 Quercus robur Myszki, registration plot 18; owner: 2003 3.02 3.15 23.0 5 5 Błażej Smolny 42 - Quercus robur Skrzetuszewo, registration plot 54/11; 2003 2.80 2.89 24.0 5 4 “Bronisław” owner: Maria Smolna 43 - Tilia cordata Skrzetuszewo, registration plot 65; 2003 3.40 3.45 25.0 5 5 “Dorota” owner: Dorota Berus 44 - Fraxinus excelsior Łagiewniki Kościelne, registration plot 2003 3.10 3.14 25.0 5 4 “Aleksander” 221; owner: Roman Catholic St. Nicholas Parish in Sławno 45 - Quercus robur Sławno, registration plot 88/3; owner: 2003 4.20 4.29 28.0 5 4 “Król” Marcin Król 46 - Fraxinus excelsior Łubowiczki, in the former manor park; 2003 2.30 2.35 32.0 5 4 “Królewicz” owner: Piotr Staszczak 47 - Quercus robur Łubowiczki, in the former manor park; 2003 3.60 3.67 30.0 5 4 “��Kazimierz ��Wielki” owner: Piotr Staszczak 48 - Quercus rubra Łubowiczki, in the former manor park; 2003 2.30 2.35 23.0 5 4 “Okaz” owner: Piotr Staszczak Nature monuments in the Gniezno County 165

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Kłecko commune 1 484 Quercus robur Kłecko, the intersection of Czerniejew 1986 3.38 3.92 18.0 4 4 “Zawisza” ska and Karniszewska Streets; owner: the Kłecko Town and Commune Office 2 485 Ulmus laevis Biskupice Jeziorne, registration plot 1986 3.30 3.87 27.0 4 4 “Zbyszko” 56/53; owner: Kierzenkowski 3 628 Platanus ×hispanica Zakrzewo, in the palace park; owner: 1988 3.87 4.23 24.0 4 4 Bank Zachodni WBK SA 4 629 Tilia cordata Zakrzewo, in the palace park; owner: 1988 3.22 3.35 25.0 4 4 Bank Zachodni WBK SA 5 638 Quercus robur Pomarzany, in the former manor park; 1989 3.08 3.53 26.0 4 4 owner: the State Agency of Agricultural Real Estate 6 699 Ulmus laevis Dzięćmiarki, in the former manor park; 1991 3.51 4.06 24.0 4 4 private property 7 700 Tilia cordata Dzięćmiarki, in the former manor park; 1991 3.12 3.56 22.0 4 4 private property 8 703/91 Tilia cordata Waliszewo, church plot; owner: the 1991 3.29 3.41 18.0 4 5 Roman Catholic St. Catherine Parish in Waliszewo 9 966/97 Quercus robur Waliszewo, at Lake Linie, compartment 1997 3.10 3.62 32.0 5 3 “Dąb�� E��dward” 227 d; owner: State Forests 10 967/97 Pyrus communis Dzięćmiarki, at Lake Linie, registration 1997 2.53 2.58 17.0 4 4 plot 3/3; owner: Urząd Gminy Kłecko 11 968/97 Pinus nigra Waliszewo, Zakrzewo Forest Range, 1997 2.20 2.40 18.0 4 2 compartment 225 a; owner: State Forests 12 969/97 Picea abies Waliszewo, Zakrzewo Forest Range, 1997 3.45 2.71 28.0 5 4 “Świerk Albin” compartment 227 l; owner: State Forests 13 970/97 Euonymus Dzięćmiarki, at Lake Linie, registration 1997 0.82 0.87 11.0 4 4 europaeus plot 3/3; owner: Urząd Gminy Kłecko Łubowo commune 1 1060/00 Ulmus laevis Lednogóra, registration plot 18; owner: 2000 2.40 2.50 28.0 4 4 Edward Drabek Mieleszyn commune 1 508 Acer campestre Karniszewo, in the park; owner: Czesław 1987 2.70 2.92 19.0 3 3 Zamiar 2 446 Quercus robur Dziadkowo, in the former manor park; 1983 5.98 6.23 29.0 4 3 owner: the State Agency of Agricultural Real Estate 3 595 Aesculus Mieleszyn, a roadside tree, registration 1988 3.18 3.66 20.0 3 4 hippocastanum plot 179; owner: the Mieleszyn Commu ne Office 4 1069/00 Quercus robur Popowo Podleśne, in the park near for- 2000 3.10 3.15 24.0 4 4 ester’s lodge; owner: State Forests 5 1070/00 Quercus robur Popowo Podleśne, in the park near for- 2000 3.00 3.08 22.0 4 3 ester’s lodge; owner: State Forests 6 1071/00 Quercus robur Popowo Podleśne, in the park near for- 2000 3.00 3.09 25.0 4 3 ester’s lodge; owner: State Forests 7 1072/00 Quercus robur Popowo Podleśne, in the park near for- 2000 3.60 3.82 26.0 4 3 ester’s lodge; owner: State Forests 8 1073/00 Ulmus laevis Popowo Podleśne, in the park near for- 2000 3.60 4.10 29.0 4 4 ester’s lodge; owner: State Forests Niechanowo commune 1 352 Quercus robur Jelonek, near the buildings of Mrs. 1981 3.90 4.10 27.0 4 3 Elżbieta Działak; owner: State Forests Trzemeszno commune 1 704 Fraxinus excelsior Brzozówiec, registration plot 2/11; 1970 3.00 4.11 26.0 4 4 owner: Mirosław Frankowski 2 705 Quercus robur Trzemeszno, at the Catholic cemetery; 1956 3.45 4.11 18.5 4 3 owner: the Roman Catholic Virgin Mary Parish in Trzemeszno 3 869 Salix alba Kamieniec, church plot; owner: the Ro- 1992 5.75 6.0 6.7 1 1 man Catholic Parish in Kamieniec 166 W. Antkowiak, O. Wojciechowska

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 4 870 Tilia cordata Ławki, registration plot 105; owner: 1992 4.20 4.5 20.0 3 4 “Lipa Hipolita Wojciech Jurgoński Cegielskiego” 5 1136 Quercus robur Kruchowo, registration plot 207; owner: 1993 4.90 5.21 22.0 4 4 the State Agency of Agricultural Real Estate 6 1137 Quercus robur Kurze Grzędy, Smolary Forest Range, 1993 - 4.32 26.0 4 3 compartment 244; owner: State Forests 7 1139 Tilia cordata Ostrowite, in park; owner: the Agricul- 1993 3.40 3.45 25.0 4 3 tural Cooperative in Ostrowite 8 1295 Fraxinus excelsior Trzemeszno, al. Szymańskiego; owner: 1995 3.00 3.22 19.0 4 3 the Trzemeszno Town and Commune Office Witkowo commune 1 21 Quercus robur Skorzęcin, Skorzęcin Forest Range, 1976 4.20 4.49 29.0 4 4 compartment 48 i; owner: State Forests 2 89 Quercus robur Skorzęcin, Skorzęcin Forest Range, 1983 3.80 4.05 17.0 3 2 compartment 48 h; owner: State Forests

Phot. 1. A lime tree called “Lipa Hipolita Cegielskiego” [the Hipolit Cegielski Lime] with numerous adventitious roots in the hollowed trunk (no. 870, Ławki, the Trzemeszno commune) Photo by W. Antkowiak Nature monuments in the Gniezno County 167 -5 2 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 4 3 4 3 4 2 10 2-5 3 4-5 4-5 2-4 of crown Health state 2 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 4 9 4 4 4 2-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 of stem

.0 .0 3 3 8 2.0 1.0 (m) 3 21.0 21.0 25.0 25.0 .0-27.0 3 20.0 26.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 24.0 16.5. 21.5. 16.0. 3 height at 17.0-2 19.0-25.0 2 14.0-2 16.0-24.0 survey date -

.67 .09 .71 8 8 8 7 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 7 .49 .5 . .97 .46 .27 2- (m) 5-2.80 2.19 3 3 3 3 3 3 1. 1. 2.57 2.07 2. 2.20 4.17. 2.48. 3 3 vey date 1. 2.07-2.77 1. 2.26- 2.90- Dimensions girth at sur - 0

3 .10 . 0 0 5 3 3 3 3 3 – 6 .17 .14 .10 . . .20 .20 0-2.75 (m) 3 3 3 2.10 2.15 2. 3 3 3 3 1.04 1.04 2.50 2.00 2.20 ment 3 2.65- 2.10- 1. 1.50-2.50 of establish girth at year - 3 3 3 3 3 5 ear of 1991 1985 1957 1979 1979 1988 200 200 200 200 200 estab Y lishment

- 1 f;

Przedsię akub state state 4 ankowskie; owner: J Location; property owner Rolno-Usługowe Sp. z o.o. o�� ubowiczki, in the former manor park; owner: Piotr ubowiczki, in the former manor park; owner: Piotr ankowo Dolne, the Gniezno Forest Range, compartment ankowo Dolne; private property Głębokie, in the former manor park; owner: the State Karczewo, next to a former school building; owner: Włodzimierz Szkudlarek DąbrówkaKościelna, registration owner: the plot 17; State Czerniejewo, approx. 1 km N of Czerniejewo, transversely Starzenin, the Daniele Forest Range, compartment 3 owner: State Forests to the road to Goranino; owner: Czerniejewskie �� biorstw J a, penninsula212 of Lake J Rączkowiak J Agency of Agricultural Real E Agency of Agricultural Real E Ł Staszczak Ł Staszczak Dąbrówka Kościelna; owner: Marian Żak Dąbrówka Kościelna, at a Catholic cemetery; owner: the Roman Catholic Parish in Dąbrówka Kościelna

trees trees

trees trees trees trees trees 3 trees trees “Henryk” trees Protected object Quercus robur ózef”, “Marian” J Ulmus laevis trees Sorbus torminalis Tilia platyphyllos an”, “ an”, J three Fraxinus excelsior “Antek”, “Bartek”, “Franek” three Quercus robur two four Tilia platyphyllos cordataone T. one Quercus robur two six Aesculus hippocastanum six Quercus robur three Tilia platyphyllos two a line of 114 a line of 114 six Quercus robur “ “Alina” and “Balladyna” 2 7 3 / register 3 3 3 6 5 A list tree of clusters, avenues and erratic boulders – nature monuments in the Gniezno County According to the provincial 695 – – 3 3 49 1298/02 196/50 – 655 1299/02 1 1 2 7 1 2 6 1 3 5 2 4 No. able 2. Kiszkowo commune Czerniejewo commune Gniezno commune T 168 W. Antkowiak, O. Wojciechowska 3 -4 – 4 4 4 5 5 4 4 3 2 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 4 4 10 2- 2-5 1-4 2-4 3 3 -5 – 4 4 4 5 4 3 4 2 3 2 4 5 4 4 9 2 4 2 5 1-5 1-5 2- 3 4-5 2-4 0.0 0.0 3 .0 3 3 8 0.0 3 4.0 6.0 2 17.0 19.5 11.0 29.0 1 25.0 20.0 3 3 26.0 2.05 28.0 28.0 22.0 3 24.0 24.0 22.5 17.0- 10.0-29.0 18.0-25.0 19.0-24.0 11.5-22.5 24.0- 3 3 6 6 -5.5 3 33 3 7 .17 .17 .02 . .48 .48 .80 3 3 3 5.70 2.14 5. 3 1.67 5.08 3 3 3 2.77 4.02 4.52 3 4.50 2. 4.09 14.6 .24-5.95 2.66 and 2.9 3 1.22-2.69 2.85-5.86 1.85-4.69 4.44-8.40 0 3 0 3 – – – – – – – 6 .14 .14 .18 .15 .02 .00 .20 0-7.10 5-5. 3 3 3 3 3 4.15 2.75 5.00 3 1.60 3 4.05 4.50 2. 2.00 4.20 3 3 . 3 2. 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 1991 198 198 198 198 198 1956 199 199 199 1992 1989 1995 1990 2000 - - - Miele lemen reasury he �� rzemeszno 0; owner: T state 4 own and Commune Office abiszynek omkowe, registration plot 3 rzemeszno T h; owner: State Forests Commune Office Roman Catholic Virgin Mary Parish in T �� T ,�� n�� i e�� e�� h 8�� thnographic Park rzemeszno, at a cemetery and a church plot; owner: rzemeszno, Szymańskiego avenue; ovner: aworowo, in park Przysieka, registration plot 98; owner: the State Agricul Skorzęcin, in a recreation resort, at Lake Białe; owner: Ośrodek Wypoczynkowy Skorzęcin Dzięćmiarki, in the former manor park; private property Lubiń, in a village park; owner: the Lubiń Agricultural Cooperative Dzięćmiarki, in the former manor park; private property tary School in Szydłowo Skorzęcin, the Skorzęcin Forest Range, compartment E Mielno, registration owner: plot 28/1; the State T and L. i H. Mikołajczakowie Popowo T szy Agency of Agricultural Real E tural Farm in Ł Sokolniki; owner: Sylwester Macioszek T T Szydłowo, in school grounds; owner: Collective E T th 4 J Dziekanowice, registration owner: plot 185; the Lednica Dziadkowo, in the former manor park; owner: the State arcza Olbrzyma” T trees trees 3 trees trees trees trees Tilia cordata trees Tilia platyphyllos Pinus sylvestris trees Quercus robur Quercus robur three Fraxinus excelsior two three Ulmus laevis trees 20 Quercus robur Quercus41 robur trees one Tilia cordata trees one Thuja occidentalis six Populus alba trees two one Tilia cordata tree one Fraxinus excelsior four Populus alba one Populus nigra an avenue of 46 four Quercus robur two two granite erratic boulder “ one Tilia cordata tree one Fraxinus excelsior 2 3 8 6 5 3 3 3 702 447 701 620 91 90 122/2 4 4 11 1140 140 1059/00 871 1296 2 2 5 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 3 1 2 3 3 4 rzemeszno commune ubowo commune Kłecko commune Mieleszyn commune Ł T Witkowo commune Nature monuments in the Gniezno County 169

Phot. 2. A common oak with extensive root swellings (girth of 5.21 m, no. 1136, Kruchowo, the Trzemeszno commune) Photo by W. Antkowiak

In the “Register of monumental lime trees in Poland” Pacyniak (2006) supplemented information on some (Środoń 1935 a) there is information that in Czernie��- oaks – nature monuments with data concerning their jewo�� “In the park there are two old lime avenues. The age. An oak tree from Karczewo (nature monument no. courtyard in front of the palace is lined with 25 old lime 962/97, the Kiszkowo commune, Table 1) is at present trees. Four old lime trees are growing in the park, of 216 years old. Common oaks from Mielno (nature monu- which the thickest is 3.31 m in girth”. This information ment no. 122/23, the Mieleszyn commune, Table 2) vary has no confirmation in the above mentioned register of in terms of their age. The biggest, with girth of 8.40 m, is nature monuments in the Czerniejewo commune. at present 538 years old, followed by one 302 years old, Wodziczko et al. (1938) supplemented the list of and two others being 294 years old each. nature monuments and “historical monuments” of na- The percentages of individual groups of nature mon- ture in the Gniezno county. Apart from those mentioned uments in the Gniezno County do not practically differ above, i.e. the white poplar, the serviceberries, the com- from national data. According to Strojny (1992), up to mon oaks and small-leaved limes, they mentioned 17 the year 1986 a total of 10 610 single trees were regis- other species, among which up to the present four trees tered in Poland (71% of all nature monuments), 2675 tree of two species still survive in the form of nature monu- clusters (18%), 400 avenues (3%) and 852 erratic boul- ments. These are a yew and three ash trees growing in ders (6%). Up to the year 1993 a total of 16 172 single the palace park in Czerniejewo (nature monuments nos. tree were registered (73% all nature monuments), 3671 1021/00, 1022/00, 1023/00, 1024/00, Table 1). tree clusters (17%), 558 avenues (3%) and 986 erratic Among “nature monuments of the Wielkopolska boulders (4%) (Brzeźniak 1995). In 2004 there were region” Iwanowski et al. (1966) mentioned 12 nature a�� total of 34 385 registered nature monuments, includ- monuments from the Gniezno County. Common oaks ing 26 716 trees (78% all nature monuments) and 4885 established as nature monuments in 1957 (nature monu- tree clusters (14%). In the Gniezno County up to 2005 ments nos. 355/97, 356/98, 358/99, 359/100, Table 1, the there were 106 trees registered as nature monuments Czerniejewo commune) had 3.23-4.20 m in girth, in the (80%), 24 tree clusters (18%), one avenue (1%) and one above mentioned publications the girths of 3.30-4.70 m erratic boulder (1%). were reported, while in 2006 the girths were 3.83- In the present-day nature protection system it is im- -4.82 m, respectively. portant to preserve the entire diversity of nature. It is Information on five lime trees – nature monuments attempted to create networks of scattered objects sig- from the site of the study (the Kłecko commune) may nificant for the functioning of landscape and the main- be found in a study by Białobok (1991). The reported tenance of its diversity (Jermaczek and Stańko 1999). girths of nature monuments nos. 629, 700, 703/91 (Table Among the inventoried nature monuments of animate 1) and 701 (Table 2) practically do not differ from those nature coniferous plants constituted only 2%. Only given for the trees in the year they were established as scarce trees are protected as nature monuments for rea- nature monuments. sons others than their dimensions. 170 W. Antkowiak, O. Wojciechowska

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