Emil Kraepelin Und Die Krankheit Von James Loeb Die Behandlung Einer Bipolaren Störung Im Jahr 1917 Emil Kraepelin Und Die Krankheit Von James Loeb Antonia Von Hirsch

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Emil Kraepelin Und Die Krankheit Von James Loeb Die Behandlung Einer Bipolaren Störung Im Jahr 1917 Emil Kraepelin Und Die Krankheit Von James Loeb Antonia Von Hirsch Antonia von Hirsch Emil Kraepelin und die Krankheit von James Loeb Die Behandlung einer bipolaren Störung im Jahr 1917 Emil Kraepelin und die Krankheit von James Loeb Antonia von Hirsch Emil Kraepelin und die Krankheit von James Loeb Die Behandlung einer bipolaren Störung im Jahr 1917 Antonia von Hirsch Medizinische Fakultät Klinikum der Universität München München, Deutschland Zugl.: Dissertation, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2018 ISBN 978-3-658-27641-6 ISBN 978-3-658-27642-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-27642-3 Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen National- bibliografe; detaillierte bibliografsche Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. © Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2019 Das Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung, die nicht ausdrücklich vom Urheberrechtsgesetz zugelassen ist, bedarf der vorherigen Zustimmung des Verlags. Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen, Bearbeitungen, Übersetzungen, Mikroverflmungen und die Einspeicherung und Verarbeitung in elektronischen Systemen. Die Wiedergabe von allgemein beschreibenden Bezeichnungen, Marken, Unternehmensnamen etc. in diesem Werk bedeutet nicht, dass diese frei durch jedermann benutzt werden dürfen. Die Berechtigung zur Benutzung unterliegt, auch ohne gesonderten Hinweis hierzu, den Regeln des Markenrechts. Die Rechte des jeweiligen Zeicheninhabers sind zu beachten. Der Verlag, die Autoren und die Herausgeber gehen davon aus, dass die Angaben und Informa- tionen in diesem Werk zum Zeitpunkt der Veröffentlichung vollständig und korrekt sind. Weder der Verlag, noch die Autoren oder die Herausgeber übernehmen, ausdrücklich oder implizit, Gewähr für den Inhalt des Werkes, etwaige Fehler oder Äußerungen. Der Verlag bleibt im Hinblick auf geografsche Zuordnungen und Gebietsbezeichnungen in veröffentlichten Karten und Institutionsadressen neutral. Springer ist ein Imprint der eingetragenen Gesellschaft Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH und ist ein Teil von Springer Nature. Die Anschrift der Gesellschaft ist: Abraham-Lincoln-Str. 46, 65189 Wiesbaden, Germany Allen vier Generationen meiner Familie Danksagung Für die Überlassung des Themas und die umfassende fachliche Betreuung danke ich Herrn Professor Dr. Norbert Müller. Mit unendlicher Geduld akzeptierte er die langen Pausen durch die Geburten der jüngeren drei Kinder und zweier Um- züge und reagierte prompt auf jeden Wiedereinstieg und jede Frage. Auch dafür meinen herzlichen Dank. Ebenso danke ich Herrn Dr. Hermann Mayer, er nahm sich wiederholt Zeit, um mir das persönliche Umfeld von James Loeb zugänglich zu machen. Mit der James Loeb Gesellschaft e.V. erhält er das Andenken dieses Mannes und setzt dessen Stiftungsgedanken in bester Weise fort. Mein besonderer Dank gilt meiner ganzen Familie: meiner Großmutter, die mir beim Entziffern der Sütterlinstellen im Krankheitsbericht half, an denen ich verzweifelte; meinen Eltern, die nicht nur zwei Vollstudiengänge unterstützt haben sondern mir für ein Jahr die Kinderbetreuung spendierten, damit ich an dieser Arbeit weiterschreiben konnte, Meiner Schwester Dr. Larissa de la Fon- taine, die mich wissenschaftlich hervorragend betreute, mir in jedweden fachli- chen Bereichen beratend zur Seite stand, und mir in jeder Hinsicht eine ständige Stütze war und ist - in allen Fragen; genauso wie mein Bruder Konstantin, der darüber hinaus mit Kinderhüten, Kost und Logis und fröhlichen gemeinsamen Arbeitsstunden seinen Teil zum Gelingen dieser Arbeit beitrug. Ich danke meinem Mann Kilian, dem besten Ehemann der Welt, der diese Dissertation über die Jahre motivierend und mit Geduld begleitete, der mir die nötigen Freiräume zum Arbeiten schuf und stundenlang zuhörte - und meinen vier Kindern dafür, dass sie da sind und mein Leben unendlich reicher machen. Ihnen gehört die Zukunft. Antonia von Hirsch Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung .................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Ziele der Arbeit .................................................................................... 2 1.2 Der historische Kontext ....................................................................... 4 1.2.1 Entwicklung der Psychiatrie von den Anfängen der „Irrenfürsorge“ bis zur Etablierung als klinische Wissenschaft ............................................................................. 4 1.2.2 Entwicklung der Universitätspsychiatrie von Griesinger bis Kraepelin .................................................................................. 8 1.3 Biographische Notizen ....................................................................... 11 1.3.1 Biographische Daten von Emil Kraepelin .............................. 11 1.3.2 Biographische Daten von James Loeb .................................... 14 1.3.3 Das Verhältnis Kraepelins und Loebs zueinander .................. 19 1.4 James Loeb als Stifter ........................................................................ 22 1.4.1 Die sozialen und geisteswissenschaftlichen Stiftungen .......... 22 1.4.1.1 Stiftungen in den USA .............................................. 23 1.4.1.2 Stiftungen in Bayern ................................................. 25 1.4.2 Die Gründung des Forschungsinstituts für Psychiatrie 1917 .. 28 2 Material und Methoden ........................................................................... 33 2.1 Quellen ............................................................................................... 33 2.1.1 Die Akte von 1917 .................................................................. 33 2.1.2 Briefe ...................................................................................... 34 2.1.3 Andere Originaltexte .............................................................. 35 2.1.4 Personalakten der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität .............. 35 2.2 Literatur ............................................................................................. 36 2.3 Ärztliche Schweigepflicht .................................................................. 36 2.4 Die Erfassung und Beurteilung von Daten ......................................... 38 2.4.1 Beispiele aus dem Bericht, die zu den Kategorisierungen von 3 Maniform, bis -3 Depressiv führen ............................... 39 3 Abschrift des historischen „Krankheitsberichts des Herrn James Loebs“ von 1917 ....................................................................................... 43 4 Diskussion ............................................................................................... 103 4.1 Die Krankheit von James Loeb bis 1917 wie bisher in der Literatur beschrieben ....................................................................... 103 X Inhaltsverzeichnis 4.2 Hinweise auf Murnau als Verfassungsort der Akte ......................... 106 4.3 Zusammenfassung des Krankheitsgeschehens ................................. 108 4.3.1 Zusammenfassung des psychischen Krankheitsgeschehens . 108 4.3.2 Zusammenfassung des somatischen Krankheitsgeschehens und der Therapie ................................................................... 112 4.3.3 Graphische Darstellung des Krankheitsverlaufs ................... 115 4.4 Die Verfasser der „Krankheitsgeschichte“ und die darin genannten Personen, soweit bekannt ............................................... 118 4.4.1 Referenten und medizinisches Personal ............................... 119 4.4.1.1 Toni Kraepelin ........................................................ 119 4.4.1.2 Mögliche andere Referenten und weiteres medizinisches Personal ........................................... 121 4.4.2 Konsultationen und Visiten von Spezialisten ....................... 124 4.4.3 Privatpersonen ...................................................................... 125 4.5 Psychopathologischer Befund James Loebs auf Basis des „Krankheitsberichts“ nach heutigem Standard ................................ 126 4.6 Die Therapie durch Kraepelin .......................................................... 127 4.6.1 Psychopharmakotherapie ...................................................... 127 4.6.1.1 Scopolamin ............................................................. 128 4.6.1.2 Barbiturate .............................................................. 129 4.6.1.3 Sonstige Psychopharmaka ...................................... 131 4.6.2 Sonstige psychiatrische Therapie ......................................... 133 4.6.2.1 Bäder- und Betttherapie .......................................... 134 4.6.2.2 Andere Therapieversuche ....................................... 136 4.7 Der weitere Verlauf der Krankheit ................................................... 137 5 Zusammenfassung .................................................................................. 141 Literaturverzeichnis ....................................................................................... 145 Anhang ............................................................................................................ 149 Tabellarische Aufarbeitung des Krankheitsberichts ................................. 149 Faksimile einiger Briefe von James Loeb an Emil Kraepelin .................. 179 Bilder ........................................................................................................ 182 Abkürzungsverzeichnis Anm. AvH Anmerkung Antonia von Hirsch DFA Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Psychiatrie KB Krankheitsbericht KGW
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