Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents

Monday, November 21, 1994 Volume 30—Number 46 Pages 2365–2415

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Addresses and Remarks Interviews With the News Media Alaska News conferences Anchorage Museum of Art and History in November 13 (No. 79) with President Anchorage—2367 Ramos of the Philippines in Manila— Elmendorf Air Force Base in Anchorage— 2376 2368 November 14 (No. 80) in Jakarta, Asian-Pacific trip—2365 Indonesia—2382 Hawaii, Hickam Air Force Base in November 15 (No. 81) in Jakarta, Honolulu—2409 Indonesia—2390 Indonesia, international business community in Jakarta—2404 Joint Statements Philippines American Cemetery in Manila—2373 APEC Economic Leaders’ Declaration of State luncheon in Manila—2375 Common Resolve, Bogor, Indonesia—2400 Radio address—2371 Virginia, Veterans Day ceremony in Meetings With Foreign Leaders Arlington—2366 Philippines, President Ramos—2375, 2376 Appointments and Nominations Proclamations Social Security Administration, Commissioner—2403 National Farm-City Week—2408 Communications to Congress Statements by the President Iran, letter—2412 See also Appointments and Nominations Proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, Death of Pedro Zamora—2371 letter—2389 Communications to Federal Agencies Supplementary Materials Sanctions against Serbia and Montenegro, Acts approved by the President—2415 memorandum—2403 Checklist of White House press releases— 2415 Executive Orders Digest of other White House Proliferation of weapons of mass announcements—2414 destruction—2386 Nominations submitted to the Senate—2414

Editor’s Note: The President was in Honolulu, HI, on November 18, the closing date of this issue. Releases and announcements issued by the Office of the Press Secretary but not received in time for inclusion in this issue will be printed next week.

WEEKLY COMPILATION OF regulations prescribed by the Administrative Committee of the Federal Register, approved by the President (37 FR 23607; 1 CFR Part 10). PRESIDENTIAL DOCUMENTS Distribution is made only by the Superintendent of Docu- ments, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Published every Monday by the Office of the Federal Reg- The Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents will be ister, National Archives and Records Administration, Washing- furnished by mail to domestic subscribers for $80.00 per year ton, DC 20408, the Weekly Compilation of Presidential Docu- ($137.00 for mailing first class) and to foreign subscribers for ments contains statements, messages, and other Presidential $93.75 per year, payable to the Superintendent of Documents, materials released by the White House during the preceding Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. The week. charge for a single copy is $3.00 ($3.75 for foreign mailing). The Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents is pub- There are no restrictions on the republication of material lished pursuant to the authority contained in the Federal Reg- appearing in the Weekly Compilation of Presidential Docu- ister Act (49 Stat. 500, as amended; 44 U.S.C. Ch. 15), under ments.

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Remarks on the Asian-Pacific Trip best when they are confident, outward look- ing, and working together. November 11, 1994 This strategy must include breaking down The President. Good morning. I want to trade barriers, opening markets, and increas- speak with you for just a few moments before ing our exports because export-related jobs I leave on this trip to the Philippines and pay significantly more on the average than those which are not related to exports. Indonesia. From the beginning of our admin- istration, we have worked to build greater se- In the coming weeks, we will have the op- curity for America, to spread prosperity and portunity to put into place three crucial building blocks of this strategy by working democracy around the globe, and to usher with Congress to pass the GATT agreement, in a new age of open markets. We are tearing by strengthening our ties to the dynamic down the old walls which have existed for economies of the Asian-Pacific region, and so long between domestic and foreign policy by continuing to forge a partnership for in our country, forging a strong recovery here peace and prosperity here in our own hemi- at home by expanding opportunities for sphere. For decades, we have concentrated Americans around the world. our international economic efforts on the ma- We are pursuing this strategy because it ture and strong economies of Europe and is clearly in the best interest of our people, Japan. They will remain our close allies, our and it offers the best opportunity for them key competitors, our critical markets. to acquire the kind of security for their fami- But the new century demands a new strat- lies that so many millions of Americans are egy, and that is where this trip fits into the still struggling to achieve. The ultimate goal picture. Last year in Seattle, I brought to- is to produce a strong America, a strong gether 14 leaders of the economies of the America in terms of national security and na- Asian-Pacific cooperation council. They met tional defense but also in terms of stronger for the first time, and there we arrived at families, better education, more high-wage a common vision of a new and more open jobs, and safer streets. Strong at home and Asian-Pacific community. Next week in Ja- strong abroad: two sides of the same coin. karta, I hope the leaders will embrace a com- The United States is in a better economic mon direction toward that vision, setting a position than any other nation in the world goal for free and open trade among all our today to compete and win in the global econ- countries and agreeing on a process to get omy. Our work force is the most productive there. in the world. Our economy has produced 5 In my visit to the Philippines and my meet- million jobs and more in the last 22 months. ings in Jakarta, I will also stress our continu- And finally, this year, high-wage jobs are ing commitment to promote security and de- coming back into this economy, more new mocracy throughout Asia and the Pacific re- high-wage jobs this year than in the previous gion. We’ll discuss how to strengthen impor- 5 years combined. tant bilateral relationships, create stronger But it is not enough. Too many Americans, regional security structures, how to rapidly millions and millions of them, still find the and effectively implement the agreement for present and the future uncertain and unset- a non-nuclear Korean Peninsula. No problem tling: stagnant wages, benefits at risk, an un- is more important to the United States and certainty in the future about their jobs. We its allies than stopping the proliferation of simply must turn insecurity about our future nuclear materials and weapons in general and into confidence. The American people do specifically ending North Korea’s nuclear 2365

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program. I will also use these meetings to Today we honor all those who gave their talk about the advance of human rights, lives and all those who have risked their lives worker rights, and democratic values. We so that our Nation might remain free. And must continue to pursue this path with pa- we honor, of course, all those who at this tience, persistence, and determination. very moment are standing watch for freedom Two other crucial events will follow this and security, from our bases across the trip to Asia: the Summit of the Americas in United States to our mission around the Miami, with 33 other democratically elected world. To each and every American who has leaders in the Caribbean and Latin America, worn the uniform of the United States and the congressional vote on GATT. GATT Armed Forces, we say simply, from the bot- is the largest and most advantageous trade tom of our hearts, thank you. agreement in our history. The congressional Over the past few months at home and vote will be a defining decision for our econ- abroad, I have had the privilege of saying omy and our working people well into the that thank-you in person to men and women next century. I believe both parties will come who are keeping our Nation’s commitment. together to vote for open markets, free and Today we say a special word of thanks to our fair trade, and most importantly, more high- troops who are helping the Haitian people wage jobs for the American people. turn from fear and repression to hope and This week the American people told us, democracy and a special word of thanks to all of us here in Washington, to work to- our troops in the Persian Gulf who are insur- gether, to put politics aside to create a ing that Iraq does not again threaten its stronger, a more secure America. This trip neighbors or the stability of the vital Gulf to Asia and the other events of the next 6 region. All over the world our military is pro- weeks give us a unique opportunity to join viding that kind of support to freedom and hands and do just that. By reaching across proving that when America makes a promise, oceans and borders, we can help to build we will keep it. peace and prosperity around the world and A few hours from now I leave for the Far more security and prosperity for our own East, where we will celebrate the keeping people here at home. of another historic promise, General Mac- Thank you very much. Arthur’s vow to return to the Philippines to Q. Mr. President, how would you describe help its people restore their freedom. In the the prospects for GATT to the Asian leaders? 50 years since, we have forged remarkable The President. Good. partnerships for peace and prosperity in Asia, but we know that these blessings are the fruit NOTE: The President spoke at 10:25 a.m. in the of our veterans’ sacrifice 50 years ago. And Rose Garden at the White House. This item was we know they endure to the present day be- not received in time for publication in the appro- priate issue. cause of the vigilance of thousands of Ameri- cans who are still in uniform and still there to help maintain the security, the peace, and Remarks at a Veterans Day the freedom in Asia. Ceremony in Arlington, Virginia This morning I was honored to start the November 11, 1994 day with veterans of that Pacific campaign and, I might add, a remarkable, jaunty group Thank you very much. Thank you. Com- of parachuters who jumped into Normandy mander Sioss, distinguished leaders of our in 1944 and then jumped in again in 1994. veterans organizations, Secretary Brown, There they are back there. To all of them Secretary Perry, General Shalikashvili, offi- and to all of you here assembled who have cials of the Veterans Administration, to our worn our Nation’s uniform, you must know men and women in uniform and their fami- that America will never forget the service you lies, our veterans, my fellow Americans, I am have rendered. proud to share this Veterans Day with you And America will never forget those who in this magnificent place of rest and rev- did not return from our battlefields. Today erence. we renew the commitment of this adminis-

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tration to obtain the fullest possible account- undiagnosed illnesses possibly incurred dur- ing for their fate. ing their service there. Sometimes even the For all of you who have helped America most sophisticated tools don’t enable us to live up to its promises, your Nation has a diagnose certain illnesses. The lack of a diag- special obligation to keep its commitments nosis must not stop us from responding both to you. That means, in the beginning, making quickly and compassionately to veterans’ sure that our military remains the best needs. Now it will not. equipped, the best trained, and the best pre- At the same time, we’ve required the VA pared in the world. We are keeping that com- to evaluate the health of the families of Gulf mitment. war veterans. We know that the spouses and I’d like to say two things about that this children of our troops may not wear the uni- morning. The first is that the success of the form, but they, too, bear the burden of de- operations in Haiti and in the Gulf are due fending our Nation. And today we say thank in no small measure to the advances which you to the children and the spouses and the have been made just in the last couple of families as well. years in preparation, in prepositioning, in Finally, we extended the VA’s authority to mobility, in training—fresh evidence that we provide care to veterans of the Gulf war, can never again afford to erode the con- Vietnam, and World War II for disabilities fidence, the strength, and the ever-growing they may have incurred through exposure to capacity of our military. toxic substances. We set aside nearly $400 The second point that I’d like to make is million for the VA to build, lease, and repair that maintaining the best trained and pre- major medical facilities around this country. pared military in the world also has its very I know these actions—indeed, no actions high human price. And every year, men and can ever fully repay the service and the sac- now women we may not know as battlefield rifice of those of you who are here and those heroes give their lives so that we can con- who never returned whom you represent. tinue to do the kind of training that makes There are no words equal to the task of ex- it less necessary for us to have to fight in pressing just what your devotion and your battle. And I ask especially that we remem- sacrifice have meant to our Nation. But let ber them, for their training and their sacrifice me say at least we have this beautiful day and their lives helped to make us so strong God has given us which belongs entirely to that we did not have to fight again in the you, to your commitment to our freedom, Gulf and that we were able to enter Haiti our prosperity, and our security. A grateful without military incident. We thank them as nation thanks you with this day and with all well for their sacrifices, and their families. our hearts for what you have done and what I’d like to say a personal word of thanks you continue to do. to Secretary Brown, to Secretary Perry, to God bless you all, and God bless America. General Shalikashvili, and the other military leaders, without whom I could not carry out NOTE: The President spoke at 11:35 a.m. at Ar- my duties and from whom I draw strength, lington National Cemetery. In his remarks, he re- ferred to Donald A. Sioss, national commander, wisdom, and advice to try to make the right Disabled American Veterans. This item was not decisions to keep our commitments to all of received in time for publication in the appropriate you. issue. Our obligation also includes, as Com- mander Sioss said and as Secretary Brown said, continuing the service this country owes Remarks at the Anchorage Museum our veterans after your service in uniform of Art and History in Anchorage, ends. That is why it has given me particular Alaska pleasure in recent weeks to address concerns November 11, 1994 that are important to thousands upon thou- sands of our veterans. I was pleased to sign Well, let me just say, as I said out at the into law a bill that authorizes compensation base, I’ve been trying for 2 years to get to to Gulf war veterans suffering from Alaska, and I finally made it today. And I

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thank the Governor, the Senator, and the mind. Those of you who, like me, have been mayor for coming out to meet Hillary and married for a while, we’ve told each other me. I also want to say that this is my first the same stories so many times I feel that trip to Alaska, now I can say that in the last I could tell you what it was like when I couple of years I’ve been to every State in worked in Alaska 25 years ago. [Laughter] America. And I hope I’ll be coming back. But I’m glad to be here to see the real thing. But it’s not Hillary’s first trip to Alaska; she I’ve also heard a lot about Alaska from an- is coming back. She worked here 25 years other group, the veterans of the 208th Coast- ago when she was about 6 and violated the al Artillery, a National Guard unit from my child labor law. [Laughter] home State of Arkansas that defended Dutch So I thought I would just ask her to come Harbor in the Aleutians during World War up here and say a word, because it’s been— II. One of my best friends and one of my this has been a very meaningful trip to her. former chiefs of staff lost his brother in that I was trying to get a little sleep, and when brave struggle. And I just want you to know we started—we finally got into the airspace that I know you’re a long way from the rest of Alaska, she was beating on me, saying, of our country territorially, but we’re proud ‘‘Wake up, wake up, look at this, look at this.’’ to be here in the United States and proud [Laughter] So I heard the story again for the of the contribution that Alaska has made to 500th time. [Laughter] Which I love. Now, the United States of America. I can tell it as well. I am especially pleased to be here on Vet- So please come up and say a word. erans Day because, as all of you know, Alaska is veteran country, the State with the highest NOTE: The President spoke at 5:50 p.m. A tape concentration of both current armed forces was not available for verification of the content personnel and former servicemen and of these remarks. This item was not received in time for publication in the appropriate issue. women in the entire State of the Union. I began this morning at Arlington National Cemetery, and that’s what this little pin is. Remarks to the Military Community This is the pin the National Cemetery did at Elmendorf Air Force Base in for Veterans Day this year, honoring all those Anchorage who served. It was a beautiful day there— November 11, 1994 a little warmer. [Laughter] The sun was shin- ing, there were still a few autumn leaves on Thank you very much, General Boese, the trees, and the great amphitheater at Ar- General Cox, General Case, General Need- lington is being closed for—it’s being re- ham. On this Veterans Day, I would be re- paired. Many of you have seen that amphi- miss if I did not say a special word of thanks theater there. So instead, we celebrated Vet- to General Needham for his work in trying erans Day at the foot of the long steps up to recover the information we need about our to the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. POW’s and MIA’s in Vietnam. I thank you, And it was so incredibly moving, walking sir, for your work there. Governor Hickel, up those long flight of stairs to put the wreath Senator Stevens, Mayor Mystrom, former down and then turning around and looking Governor Sheffield, ladies and gentlemen, just as far as you could see down a sweeping, I’m glad to be here in Alaska. I’ve been trying beautiful hillside with American veterans, for 2 years to get here to Alaska. At times their families, their supporters standing in I find the President is Commander in Chief the midst of the magnificent graves of Arling- of the Armed Forces but not of his own ton Cemetery. schedule. [Laughter] I’m on my way to Manila now to honor Twenty-five years ago, before I met her, other soldiers—those who fought in the Pa- my wife came to Alaska and worked for a cific Theater during the Second World summer. So you can say to me, welcome to War—to recall those who left home and fam- Alaska, but for Hillary, it’s welcome back to ily for places they never heard of, places they Alaska. I’ve heard so much about it I always could barely imagine, for dangers they cer- felt that I had imagined it, seen it all in my tainly could not have imagined. To those of

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you here who defended us in that war, New Guinea. You have shown that we stand whether in the islands of the Far East or here by our ideals. Thank you. [Applause] Some- in Alaska, with distinguished units like the body back there sounds like he wants to go Eskimo Scouts, on this Veterans Day, I salute back. [Laughter] Thank you. you and on behalf of all the American people, Here at the Alaskan Command, your I thank you. strength and preparedness has helped Amer- We also honor and remember all those ica to keep its security commitments in Asia who, in war and peace, have given so much as well. Alaska Command plays a vital role to America so that we could remain free and in maintaining security on the Korean Penin- strong. To all the veterans of our Armed sula, where I have visited our troops and Forces, your country will never forget the ex- where we have just concluded an agreement traordinary service you have performed. We with North Korea to make sure that that na- owe you the safety of our shores and the lib- tion becomes a nonnuclear state and does erty we enjoy. We have a special obligation not contribute to the proliferation of weap- to all of you who are veterans. Even when ons of mass destruction. your service in uniform ends, the country’s And finally, I thank you for the support service must continue. of our troops in the Persian Gulf, where we In recent weeks I signed into law two bills moved with amazing speed and strength to that addressed the concerns of thousands of make sure that Iraq poses no threat to its veterans. The Veterans Health Program Act neighbors or to the stability of the vital Gulf of 1994 extends the Veterans Administra- region. I thank you for your contribution in tion’s authority to provide hospital, out- that. patient, and nursing home care to veterans This kind of decisive action tells the world of the Gulf war, Vietnam, and World War that when America makes a commitment, we II to any exposure they may have had from keep that commitment. And I want you to toxic substances. The act also provides about know that we all understand it is your $400 million—[applause]—thank you, thank strength, your ability, your preparedness, and you. The act also provides nearly $400 mil- your devotion to duty that makes it possible lion for the VA to build, lease, and repair for me as President to make and keep com- medical facilities around our country. The mitments on behalf of the United States. We Veterans Benefit Improvement Act of 1994 are all in your debt on this Veterans Day for authorizes compensation to Gulf war veter- that and on every day. And because of that, ans suffering from undiagnosed illnesses it is imperative that you remain the best from Operation Desert Storm. No one who equipped, best trained, best prepared fight- wears our uniforms, no member of their fam- ing force in the world, and we will see that ilies should have to suffer because of dif- you do so. ficulty in diagnosing a particular illness. You know, here in Alaska, the home of Thanks to this act, we will be able to respond Senator Ted Stevens and Senator Frank quickly and compassionately to veterans’ Murkowski and Congressman Don Young, I needs plainly related to what they have done want to say that in light of the elections last in the service of our country. Tuesday giving a majority of the Congress Today, we also must pay tribute to those to the Republican Party, I want to pledge of you who at this very moment are standing again to work with them on issues of concern watch for freedom, demonstrating skill and to the State of Alaska and to work with them, professionalism here in Alaska and around more importantly, as well as all others of both the world. I know that personnel from El- parties, in a nonpartisan way on behalf of mendorf and Fort Richardson are now de- problems of this country which are, in many ployed in support of the operation in Haiti cases, new, different, challenging, unlike any- where our troops have helped a nation turn thing we have faced before and unable to from fear, oppression, and intimidation back be put into clean and neat partisan cat- to democracy and hope. And I thank you for egories. Let us now join together to move that. I thank you also for your service in hu- this country forward in the best American manitarian missions from Rwanda to Papua spirit.

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All over our country today, we have a stability and security and support for those unique situation, as far as I know, in the his- jobs. tory of America. We are in the midst of an Finally this year, after a very long time, economic recovery that is the envy of the we are beginning to see high-wage jobs come world, and yet, still, a majority of ordinary back into the American economy, more this Americans, the people who keep this country year than in the previous 5 years combined. going, who get up every day and work hard But folks, make no mistake about it, you here to try to build their families and raise their on America’s frontier know that we are in kids to do the right thing and have a good a global economy, know that we have to fight life, a majority of those people feel personal and struggle for every single opportunity we insecurities; insecurities that are economic, have, and know that we have to be as com- insecurities that are social. They’re worried petitive, as efficient, and as dominant where about the crime in our streets or the stability we can, economically as we are militarily. of their jobs or the security of their health Your strength must be mirrored in the care benefits. strength of every American business, every Interestingly enough, when I went to Eu- American community, and every American rope to celebrate D-Day, I met on two sepa- family. If we can equal your performance rate occasions with very large numbers of economically, we will do just fine well into American service personnel who were cele- the 21st century for our children and our brating the end of the cold war with the D- grandchildren. Day celebration and with the other celebra- Believe it or not, I know you’d never know tions because they knew that we were able it from the press, but we’ve actually worked to reduce our force in Europe somewhat. But together some before in the last 2 years. I over and over and over again these fine peo- thank—for example, I would like to thank ple who had worn our uniform said, ‘‘Well, if I go home, Mr. President, will I be able Senator Stevens and Senator Murkowski for to find a job? If I find a job, Mr. President, supporting the Family and Medical Leave will it be a job with health benefits with my Act, which made it possible for 66,000 people kids or without them, because as long as I’m here in Alaska to take a little time off when in the military, I have that.’’ This is a signifi- a baby was born or a parent was sick without cant new development in the history of our losing their job. country where, because of the radical And so I say to you, we’ve got a lot of changes in the global economy and because work to do as a country. In the military, of social problems we’ve been dealing with you’ve done a brilliant job of setting up a in our Nation for 30 years now, you have continuous, continuous education and train- a majority of ordinary Americans feeling un- ing program. Why are we doing so well? Be- certainty in the midst of developments which cause the military is always changing, but still appear to be very, very hopeful. rooted to its traditional values. That is what Well, I can tell you that both are true. The America must do. events are hopeful, the trends are good, but One of the little-known facts about the the reasons for insecurity and uncertainty are success of our operation in Haiti and the suc- real. We have to continue to work together cess of our operation in the Gulf recently to reduce the size of our Government where is that both of them reflected lessons learned it is too big, to make sure that you get better in the last 2 years to increase our mobility value for the dollar, to make sure that people by land, by air, by sea; to preposition mate- at the State and local level, where folks are rials; to train people to do new and different in touch with the grassroots realities, have skills; to have the services working together more freedoms to pursue reforms in their as never before. The Haitian operation was schools, in their welfare systems, in their the most integrated, jointly planned, jointly health care systems. We have to do what we executed operation in American history. That can also, together, to keep this economic re- is what we have to do in our private lives covery going so that we not only get more as well, always learning, always growing, al- jobs, we get higher paying jobs and greater ways moving forward.

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That is a new challenge for America. It people living with AIDS how to fight for their does not have a partisan label on it. It is very rights and live with dignity. important; the national interest is at stake. Pedro was particularly instrumental in We’ve always done what it took for the na- reaching out to his own generation, where tional defense. We have always understood AIDS is striking hard. Through his work with that national security required us to be strong MTV, he taught young people that ‘‘The Real around the world. But we know ultimately World’’ includes AIDS and that each of us that the security of America is in our strong has the responsibility to protect ourselves families, our strong communities, our edu- and our loved ones. cation systems, our ability to generate good Today, one in four new HIV infections is jobs, and our ability to keep our streets safe among people under the age of 20. For and our laws sacred—strong at home and Pedro, and for all Americans infected and strong abroad. affected by HIV, we must intensify our ef- On this Veterans Day, I want to say that forts to reduce the rate of HIV infection, pro- one of my most prized possessions as Presi- vide treatment to those living with AIDS, and dent are the coins that I get whenever I visit ultimately find a cure for AIDS. any base, any unit. I now must have 100 on Our hearts are with Pedro’s family in this a big table in the Oval Office. Anybody that difficult time. In the months ahead, let us comes in to see the President of the United rededicate ourselves to continuing Pedro’s States sees a big, flat table covered with mili- brave fight. tary coins from all over the world and all over the United States, a constant reminder of the service that you have rendered to our coun- The President’s Radio Address try. And I ask you to think about that on November 12, 1994 this Veterans Day. Being strong abroad and being strong at home are two sides of the I’m speaking to you from Anchorage, Alas- coin we should have for America, and we ka, at the end of the first leg of my trip to should leave to our children. Asia. The next stop is the Philippines, where God bless you all, and God bless America. I’ll take part in a ceremony especially appro- Thank you. priate just a couple of days after Veterans Day. There I’ll have the privilege of helping NOTE: The President spoke at 9:15 p.m. In his to honor the sacrifices made by those who remarks, he referred to Lt. Gen. Lawrence E. fought in the Pacific during World War II Boese, Commander, Alaskan Command; Maj. to preserve our freedom and democracy. Gen. Hugh L. Cox III, Adjutant General, Alaska In the 50 years since, America has helped National Guard; Brig. Gen. Thomas R. Case, to build a world of peace and prosperity. But Commander 3d Wing; Army Maj. Gen. Thomas H. Needham, Commander, U.S. Armed Forces, we know that these blessings are the fruit Alaska; and Mayor Rick Mystrom of Anchorage, of our veterans’ brave fights. That’s why yes- AK. A tape was not available for verification of terday, on Veterans Day, we honored and re- the content of these remarks. membered all who, in war and peace, have given so much so that America would remain free. We have a special obligation to make Statement on the Death of Pedro sure that our Nation never forgets their work Zamora and that we do everything we can to keep November 11, 1994 our country strong in the face of our chal- lenges at home and abroad. We also have Hillary and I are deeply saddened by the an obligation to honor those who are standing news of the death of Pedro Zamora. watch for freedom and security now, from In his short life, Pedro educated and en- our bases across America to our outposts lightened our Nation. He taught all of us that around the world. AIDS is a disease with a human face and Over the last few months, at home and one that affects every American, indeed abroad, I’ve had the privilege of saying thank every citizen, of the world. And he taught you in person to our men and women in uni-

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form, those who are keeping our Nation’s other barriers and open up trade to our prod- commitments. Our troops in Haiti are help- ucts and our services. It will level the export ing the Haitian people turn from fear and playing field for American companies and repression to hope and democracy. In the American workers all around the world and, Persian Gulf they’re ensuring that Iraq does in so doing, will create hundreds of thou- not again threaten its neighbors or the stabil- sands of new high-paying jobs right here at ity of the vital Gulf region. All over the world, home. our military is proving that when America It will make our exports more competitive makes a promise, we’ll keep it. exactly when we have recovered our ability The results are clear. The threat of nuclear to sell more American products and services. war is receding. For the first time since the This year, America’s economy, for the first dawn of the nuclear age, no Russian missiles time in 9 years, has been voted the most pro- are pointed at Americans. North Korea has ductive in the world by the annual review recently agreed to become a nonnuclear state of international economists. And for the first and to remove that threat of proliferation of time since 1979, American automobile mak- weapons of mass destruction. Peace and free- ers are selling more cars all around the world dom are on the march, with American sup- than their Japanese competitors. port and involvement in the Middle East, in The congressional vote on the GATT will the Gulf, in Haiti, and also in Northern Ire- be a defining decision for America as we land and South Africa where we’ve been head into the next century. And I believe that asked to be involved. members of both parties will put aside par- Our national security plainly depends on tisanship to do what’s right for our country our strong military and on a strong foreign and our future. policy. But our strength is more than military around the world. It also depends upon I also hope that both parties will take other strength in a global economy. The future of opportunities to join together when the na- every nation is really a global future. It means tional interest is at stake, and we’re moving jobs and incomes in the United States. And into a future which has no easy partisan label expanded trade has always been a goal of tied to the past. Our common goal must be mine and this administration, because wheth- to produce a strong America, strong in terms er we like it or not, we are in a global econ- of national commitments abroad. On this omy that we can’t run from and trade related Veterans Day weekend, we know that a jobs pay so much more on the average than strong America means to be strong abroad. jobs not related to trade. But surely, we also know that it means being That’s where the rest of this trip to Asia strong at home, that our strength comes at fits in. Next week, in Jakarta, Indonesia, I’ll bottom from strong families, strong commu- meet with the 14 leaders of the Asian-Pacific nities, better education, higher paying jobs, Economic Cooperation forum, called APEC. safer streets. Strong at home; strong abroad: We’ll continue the work we began last year Two sides of the same coin. when I called the group together for the first We have to keep going because a majority time in Seattle. We’ve already forged a com- of hardworking Americans still feel uncertain mon vision of a more open community. about their economic future and their per- When we meet in Jakarta, I hope we’ll em- sonal and family security, even though we’re brace a common direction, setting a goal for in the midst of a significant economic recov- free and open trade among all our econo- ery. We’ve got to keep going to bring our mies. deficit down and keep shrinking the size of Then when I return from the trip we’ll face the Government, to increase trade and in- another crucial test about our future in this crease education and training, to keep these global economy. Congress will reconvene jobs going up and to get more high-wage soon to vote on ratifying GATT, the largest, jobs. most comprehensive trade agreement ever. We’ve got over 5 million new jobs in the GATT will require all nations to finally do last 22 months. And for the first time this what we’ve already done, to cut tariffs and year, we have some high-wage jobs coming

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back into this economy, more than in the pre- ever produced. Their presence here reminds vious 5 years combined. us of the meaning of courage and determina- So let’s make our goal to be number one tion. Their example will inspire us for ages militarily, number one economically, and to come. On behalf of a grateful nation and number one in the strength of our families an increasingly free world, I thank them, and and our communities. Strong at home; strong I ask all the Philippine and American veter- abroad. That’s an America that builds on the ans of World War II who are here to stand opportunities others have sacrificed so much and to receive the thanks of all of us. [Ap- to give us. And it takes responsibility to keep plause] those opportunities alive for our children. We can hardly imagine today the perils Thank you, and God bless America. that met these young men in the full bloom of their lives. They left families and loved NOTE: The address was recorded at 5:45 p.m. on ones and home to go to places they never November 11 at the Anchorage Museum of Art heard of to confront dangers they never and History in Anchorage, AK, for broadcast at 10:06 a.m. on November 12. imagined. They had to liberate territory bit by bit, enduring constant fear of ambush in island jungles. At sea they stayed on course Remarks at the American Cemetery in the face of a new terror: the suicide dive in Manila, Philippines bomber. On American carriers, our pilots November 13, 1994 took off, never knowing if they would find their ships again. This ordeal engulfed the President and Mrs. Ramos, Secretary Philippines, our oldest friend in Asia, a nation Christopher, Ambassador Negroponte, Mr. that has done so much to enrich the United Perrine, Mr. De Ocampo, Colonel Barth; States. Mr. Quashan, thank you for that wonderful On the same day that Pearl Harbor was introduction; distinguished members of the bombed, the American garrison in the Phil- Philippine Government, distinguished mem- ippines was attacked. Troops under General bers of the diplomatic corps, especially to the MacArthur dug in for battle, not far from young students and to the Peace Corps vol- here, on the Bataan Peninsula and on Cor- unteers that are here, and most especially to regidor. the Philippine and American veterans here Our joint forces in Bataan resisted for 4 in attendance: Hillary and I are deeply hon- months. Then, low on ammunition, weak- ored to be with you today. I was told this ened by hunger, reduced by sickness, they morning that I am the first sitting President could fight no more. Their nightmare was since President Eisenhower to visit this hal- just beginning. A death march to prison lowed site, and it is a profound honor for camps and a horrifying internment claimed me and for our entire party. the lives of about 25,000 Filipinos and Amer- We gather to honor and to remember. In icans. Corregidor became the last bastion. this place only a few miles from the ocean, Just before coming here, I had the honor named for peacefulness, we always remem- of touring the island with the President and ber the fury of war, the 17,206 American and with a group of our veterans, including a man Philippine men and women who are buried named Bill Martin, who is with us here today. here, arrayed in the long arcs I saw this His road in the war was long, from Bataan morning as if still deployed in our defense, to Corregidor to a prison camp in Manchuria. the 36,281 more whose names are engraved Today marks the first time Bill Martin has on these magnificent marble walls. Nowhere been on the rock since he was captured there else outside the United States are so many 50 years ago, the first time he has seen this American heroes honored and interred. place where so many of his friends and com- Some of their brethren, heroes from rades lie at rest. Welcome back, Bill Martin, American units and Filipino units, thankfully and thank you. are still here with us today. Time has dimin- I saw on Corregidor the remains of many ished none of our pride in them. They are evidences of Americans and Filipinos sharing among the finest people our nations have the familiar diversions of everyday life, the

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fields where the games were played, the rem- Driven by General MacArthur’s deter- nants of three movie theaters. But the most mination that our friends in the Philippines important thing they shared was a ferocious should not have their freedom delayed, love of freedom. Americans put to shore at Leyte in 1944, with When a shell fragment cut the halyard on an invasion force larger than that of the open- the embattled garrison’s flagpole it was a ing phase of Normandy. In the surrounding Philippine civilian named Panorio gulf, more than 800 United States ships Punongbayan who braved the shelling with stretched across the horizon and, there, two Americans to catch the flag before it fought and won the largest naval battle of touched the ground and, under fire, to retie all time. General MacArthur did return and the line and raise the flag again. Their com- so would freedom. mander, General Wainwright, said what they Countless horrors still lay in the way, in- had done was not only courageous but helped cluding the butchery of house-to-house fight- the battled rock’s morale beyond any words. ing in Manila. The savagery turned the Pearl A month after Bataan fell, time ran out for of the Orient into another Warsaw. But the Corregidor, as the sky over the island turned tide turned once and for all. to lead with 16,000 shells a day. Relief was When he returned to Corregidor, General impossible; freedom’s last foothold seemed MacArthur saw the now-famous old flagpole lost. still standing, and he ordered, ‘‘Hoist the col- Soon—we forget this now—Japanese ors to the peak, and let no enemy ever haul them down.’’ forces controlled land and water, stretching These heroes, those who rest here and from Alaska’s Aleutian Islands to Wake Is- those still among us, gave everything so that land near Hawaii, from New Guinea, then all of us might be free. Here in the Phil- menaced Australia. With our fleet devastated ippines, 1 million people, 1 in every 17, gave at Pearl Harbor, and Hitler ruling Europe their lives. But the spirit of Bataan and Cor- from the English Channel to the Russian regidor did not die. The defense of democ- heartland, free people everywhere stood in racy, the determination to spread freedom, fear. the refusal to bow before aggression, are In this, one of our Nation’s darkest hours, principles at the core of our identities as na- our troops and our leaders might have given tions today. up, but their spirits never failed. An enlisted Those who were once our foes, Japan, man who survived the fighting and hunger, Germany, and Italy, are now our friends, be- the death march, and 3 years in prisoner of cause they, too, now embrace these ideals. war camps, gave voice to that spirit and to These same principles saw us through the its ultimate source. Almost incapable of walk- long ordeal of the cold war, and today, they ing when he was liberated, he was still un- unite us with our allies, including our friends bowed and said, ‘‘When a man allows God here in the Philippines, who stand with us to sustain him, he can go through hell if he in the constant march of freedom and de- has to. That’s what I did. Yes, sir, I refused mocracy. to die.’’ That man, Corporal Ishmael Cox, is It is fitting that we commemorate these still unbowed and refusing today, living in heroes today not only because of the com- Missouri. mon cause that joined our peoples 50 years After the occupation, tens of thousands of ago but because the great wave of democracy Filipinos and a handful of Americans fought that has swept the world in our time began the most valiant guerrilla effort in the Pacific here in the Philippines. Eight years ago, theater. Meanwhile, American forces, with when President Ramos and others stood up Australians and New Zealanders, began the bravely, they, too, showed the defiant cour- agonizing crawl, island by island, back across age of Bataan, so did the crowds that filled the Pacific. They fought their way through the streets here when people power blos- the Solomons, the Admiralty Islands, Palau; somed and Corazon Aquino led the Phil- their battles at Midway, Guadalcanal, and ippines into a new era. What happened here, Iwo Jima are now legends. all of you in the Philippines should know,

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strengthened the magical current of democ- The enemy was well dug in when his com- racy that was then sweeping all around the pany attacked along a ridge, and he was hit world. It encouraged events in countries like by an explosion that blew off both his legs Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Rus- below the knees. But he refused medical sia. help and instead continued firing until a bul- We mark now the fifth anniversary of the let knocked out his gun. Still he kept on fight- fall of the Berlin Wall just this past week. ing, throwing his grenades. His heroism al- A new generation of democracy has come lowed his unit to capture that position. The into the world in South Africa, South Amer- price of his unit’s victory was William Thom- ica, much of Asia, parts of the Middle East. as’ life. For his valor, he received the Medal What you did here encouraged the spirit of of Honor, America’s highest military honor, freedom for the world, just as surely as your one of 28 recipients so remembered here. defiant courage in World War II buoyed the William Thomas, for your sacrifice and for forces of freedom then. We thanked you that of all others here laid to rest, your Nation then; we thank you now. remembers you and is forever grateful. And Like those we honor today, we must still you serve us still, as do all the names and stand against aggression and cede to no coun- graves of those here commemorated serve try the right to dominate its neighbors, its us still, for nothing, nothing protects us and region, or its hemisphere. The United States our freedom like the vigilance of memory. looks to the Pacific not as an ocean that sepa- Thank you. rates us from Asia but as a body of water that unites us with Asia. To fulfill the vision of those who fought NOTE: The President spoke at approximately 1:30 here, we must, and we will, remain engaged p.m. In his remarks, he referred to John D. with the Philippines and elsewhere. We will Negroponte, U.S. Ambassador to the Philippines; make the most of peace and partnership and, Paul Parrine, U.S. World War II veteran, who gave the invocation; Col. Emmanuel De Campo, as President Ramos said, the opportunities president, Veterans Federation of the Philippines; for prosperity. But if threats arrive, we will Col. Wayne M. Barth, USA, Director, Joint Mili- confront them as well. tary Assistance Group; and William H. Quashan, On the Korean Peninsula, there has been World War II veteran. such a threat in the possible proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. The agreement we reached with North Korea to freeze and Remarks at a State Luncheon in then to dismantle North Korea’s ability to Manila build nuclear weapons was achieved in con- cert with South Korea and Japan. But it November 13, 1994 furthered the cause of security in the Phil- ippines and, indeed, throughout all of Asia. President and Mrs. Ramos, former Presi- Our final responsibility is to remember dent Macapagal, former President Aquino, what those young people did here a half a distinguished members of the Philippine century ago and to remember that it is undy- Government, members of the business com- ing. Today, when I got out with Hillary at munity here, members of the diplomatic the cemetery, the first grave I visited was corps, my fellow Americans who are here: that of a soldier from my home State. He Let me begin by thanking President Ramos came from a town where I have spent many and Mrs. Ramos for making Hillary and me happy days, a town like so many little towns and all of our delegation here feel so very that dot our wonderful country and form the welcome on our all too brief but very enjoy- backbone of America. Private First Class able and very important visit to the Phil- William Thomas, on April 22d, 1945, was not ippines. quite 23 years old when his unit entered the One hundred thousand Americans call the Zambales Mountains 85 miles from here. Philippines home. And now, about 11⁄2 mil- They were assigned to help clear the enemy lion Filipinos call the United States home. from Luzon. He was a long way from his Indeed, I was trying to count up all the Phil- hometown of Wynne, Arkansas, that day. ippine-Americans I brought with me on this

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trip, and I lost count. But we have people linked forever with all of those who went be- here from the Agency for International De- fore and all of those who will come after. velopment; we have three of my Navy stew- Well, Mr. President, you symbolize the ards; my personal physician, Dr. Connie link between our two nations, which is equal- Mariano; and of course, the executive with ly as strong and will always exist. We are the Export-Import Bank, a long-time friend linked by our history; we are linked by the of yours, Mr. President, Maria Louisa Haley. populations that we share, the Americans We’re all glad to be here, but those with roots here, the Filipinos there. But most of all, we here in the Philippines are the happiest of are linked by our shared values, our devotion all to be home. You have made us all feel to freedom, to democracy, to prosperity and at home, and we thank you for that. to peace. We have worked together in many ways And for that common devotion, I ask all over a long period of time. President Ramos of you to stand and join me in a toast to just described the 50th observation of our President and Mrs. Ramos: To all the people partnership in the Second World War. I have of the Philippines, to their health, to their heard a very moving account of the events prosperity, and to their eternal partnership of last October from Secretary of Defense with the United States. Perry and General Shalikashvili. General Ramos’ Philippine soldiers also fought side NOTE: The President spoke at approximately 3:40 by side with Americans in Korea and in Viet- p.m. in the Ceremonial Room at the Malacanang Palace. In his remarks, he referred to Philippine nam. And you were there, sir, in both con- President Fidel Ramos and his wife, Amelita; flicts. We thank you for that individually and former Philippine President Diosdado Macapagal; for your country. and former Philippine President Corazon Aquino. During the cold war, the United States led an effort to stand against the tyranny of com- munism. You were our partner then. In the The President’s News Conference last several years, you have led the world in With President Fidel Ramos of the the sweeping resurgence of democracy, be- Philippines in Manila ginning 8 years ago when you and others ex- November 13, 1994 posed yourselves to considerable risks to stand up for freedom here in your own coun- President Ramos. Thank you, Mr. Sec- try, following through with the remarkable retary. Good evening, ladies and gentlemen. People Power Movement of President Today President Clinton and I took concrete Aquino, where people held flowers in the steps towards enhancing Philippine-Amer- face of tanks and captured the imagination ican relations. During our bilateral meeting, of the entire world. I expressed my sincere appreciation to Presi- And now, sir, under your leadership we dent Clinton for the substantial participation see the Philippines moving forward, respect- of the United States Armed Forces in the ing the dignity, the rights of all people and commemoration of the 50th anniversary of aggressively pursuing a modern economic the Leyte landing, 3 weeks ago. program designed to bring prosperity to all Our meeting this afternoon enabled us to the tens of millions of people who call these discuss a wide range of issues with direct im- wonderful islands their home. port on our bilateral relations and the peace You know, President Ramos is a fitting and stability of the Pacific. I acknowledged leader for this time. We know in America our debt of gratitude to America’s commit- that in 1946—he doesn’t look that old— ment, to America’s strength, and to Ameri- [laughter]—but in 1946, he won the only Fil- ca’s keeping faith with her ideals and values ipino scholarship to the United States Mili- in such areas as Haiti, the Persian Gulf, and tary Academy. I met several others of you the Korean Peninsula. who graduated from West Point here today, We both agreed to build our partnership and all of you know that when one graduates on the basis of mutual respect and mutual from West Point, he—and now she—be- benefit, reinforced by our common commit- comes a member of the Long Gray Line, ment to democracy and the rule of law. Presi-

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dent Clinton and I recognize the value of I appreciate President Clinton’s effort to enhancing the security and stability of the help resolve the longstanding issue of the Asia-Pacific region and reiterated our com- claims of Filipino veterans of World War II mitment to the peaceful resolution of con- with the United States Government. Even flicts. We agreed that only under such condi- as I acknowledged the concern of leading tions can the full economic growth and pros- members of the U.S. Congress for the res- perity of the Asia-Pacific region be realized. toration of Filipino veterans’ rights. I wel- I assured President Clinton that the Phil- come these assurances that the United States ippines will continue to support the peace- will work hand in hand with the Philippine keeping initiatives of the United States and Government in helping to promote the wel- the United Nations, as we have recently fare of Amerasians in the Philippines. manifested in a dispatch to Haiti, upon initial President Clinton and I renewed our com- contingent of 50 international police mon- mitment to the protection of the environ- itors, or IPM, from this country. And I also ment and the preservation of the world eco- congratulated him for the United States role logical balance. in the series of breakthrough agreements for And lastly, I reiterated my appreciation for peace and development in the Middle East the warm welcome, hospitality extended by and in the Korean Peninsula which has lifted President Clinton and the American people our hopes for its eventual denuclearization. during my visit to the United States last year. I have been assured, in turn, by President We look forward to moving Philippines- Clinton that they will encourage a higher United States partnership to a higher and level of investments by Americans. I also ac- more mutually beneficial level in the years knowledged his government’s support for our to come. bid to attain newly industrializing country, or Thank you very much. Salamat. NIC status, by the turn of the century. We President Clinton. Thank you very much. further agreed to find ways and means to im- First, let me thank President Ramos for the prove our two-way trade. warm welcome that the United States dele- The United States continues to be our gation has received here in the Philippines. number one trading partner, and we believe We had a very good bilateral discussion that we can greatly expand our trade by the in which the President expressed the Phil- further lowering of trade barriers. ippine position and the interest of the Fili- To accelerate trade liberalization, Presi- pino people very articulately to me on a very dent Clinton and I agreed on the urgency large number of issues. of the ratification of the Uruguay round of I would like to point out in general that the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade over the last 50 years, the relationship be- by member countries. I assured him of the tween the United States and the Philippines Philippines’ commitment to trade liberaliza- has changed, has grown, has matured, but tion and investment facilitation, which must we are still very much bound together in be accompanied by conditions of national sta- ways that I think are positive. There are, after bility and political will. all, 100,000 Americans and more who make We also agreed that the Asia-Pacific Eco- their home here permanently, and in the nomic Cooperation, or APEC Leaders Sum- United States there are about 11⁄2 million mit in Indonesia, will be a landmark forum Americans of Philippine ancestry. that will shape the future course of the econ- We admire your democracy, and we have omy of the entire Asia-Pacific area and, in- especially admired all the things which have deed, of the world. And we both affirmed been done in the last 8 years. We have an the value of the Philippines-U.S. Mutual De- important security relationship. You heard fense Treaty, or the MDT, and its contribu- the President talk about the joint exercises. tion to regional security and stability. We I also was able to inform President Ramos agreed that our joint exercises, which are that the United States will be able to supply planned by the Mutual Defense Board, the Philippine armed forces with two C– should be continued to ensure the interoper- 130’s soon and that we will continue to dis- ability of military units. cuss the possibility of shared equipment to

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build up the strength and the security of the So for all those reasons, I consider this to Philippine armed forces. be a successful trip. And again, I thank the We talked about regional security in gen- President for his kind hospitality and for his eral, and I want to again thank publicly Presi- frank and open and straightforward way of dent Ramos for the support that he has given stating the position of the Philippine Govern- to the agreement we have reached in co- ment and the Philippine people. operation with the South Koreans and the Thank you. Japanese with North Korea, in which North Korea has agreed to become a nonnuclear Philippine-American Military state and to remove that threat of the pro- Cooperation liferation of weapons of mass destruction. I Q. Good evening, sirs. My question is for also thanked President Ramos for the partici- President Ramos. Earlier today you ap- pation of the Philippines in our remarkable plauded America’s intention to remain en- international coalition in Haiti. gaged in the Asia-Pacific region. There has Finally, we discussed our economic rela- been much talk lately of U.S. plans for tionships. Most of what should be said has prepositioning war material within the terri- already been said by President Ramos, but tories of strategically located countries, such let me say that I was deeply impressed when as the Philippines. Even now, reports indi- the President came to the United States and cate Manila and Washington are looking at told me that his new policy was trade, not a proposed agreement allowing U.S. warships aid. That’s a welcome message. to resupply and to refuel in the Philippines. The United States purchased $5 billion in Given these developments, in what direction products from the Philippines last year. We do you want Philippine-American military are the largest investor here. We like being cooperation to change or to evolve into dur- the largest purchaser and the largest investor. ing your term, or just how active a military This morning, the Secretary of State hosted presence do you want America to have both a breakfast which I attended for leading in the Philippines and within ASEAN’s terri- American business interests here, and I tory in the future? pledged to the President I would do what President Ramos. Thank you. I could to increase the interest of the Amer- First of all, we should distinguish between ican business community in investment in the floating depot issue and the lesser issue the Philippines. of servicing, which includes rewatering, re- We both support GATT and hope that fueling, and minor repairs and also rest and both of our legislative bodies will ratify it recreation. The servicing aspect is already shortly. I am going home when I leave the being done, and some part of this would be APEC conference to achieve that objective, the visits last year of a British—of an Amer- and I hope we do. I believe we will. And ican ship, plus other ships from other coun- we are going to APEC with a view toward tries. We’re doing this for them. And the continuing to break down the barriers to most recent example is the visit here in Ma- trade and investment. nila and later on in the Subic area, of the The United States will and must remain ships that went on to participate in the Leyte engaged in the Pacific region for security rea- landings. sons and for economic reasons. One-third of In regard to the so-called floating depots, our exports, supporting some 2 million Amer- we really have not seen any official proposal ican jobs, already go to the Asian-Pacific re- in regard to that kind of an arrangement. And gion. This is a very important thing for us. we will, however, be happy to consider this And the fact that we have the sort of relation- at the level of the working officials, meaning ship we do and that both of us are now going at the level of the mutual defense board. But to Indonesia to try to deepen the idea that by no means is that a policy right now of we should be working together across the the Philippine Government. vast Pacific to support the prosperity and fu- Now, as far as directions that I would like ture of our respective peoples is a very im- to see the security relationship between the portant one indeed. Philippines and the U.S. is concerned, I think

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I said that on many occasions during the But the most important thing is, I’m con- course of this day—I said we would like to vinced that what I’m doing is in the interest be closely related with the U.S. under our of all the American people without regard U.S.-Philippine Mutual Defense Treaty to party and is supported by leaders of both which has been in force since 1951. And parties in the United States Congress. under this arrangement, we’re able to have I hope you wear that tie at home sometime combined and joint exercises to test the when we are having a dark day. [Laughter] interoperability of our military units. The Philippines derives a great deal of Toxic Waste Clean-up benefit from this kind of an exchange be- cause we get to know what are the new tech- Q. Good evening. President Clinton, in a nologies in military science. And also, under hearing at the Philippine Senate a few days the treaty, there is a regular mechanism for ago, a group of scientists, citing Pentagon re- consultation among our highest military offi- port, identified more than 40 sites in Clark cials, represented on the part of the U.S. by and Subic believed to be contaminated with the commander in chief of the Pacific no less, hazardous waste. Your Government has of- and our chief of staff of the armed forces. fered financial assistance and technical sup- So we feel that this is a very important port for surveys to check if there are environ- relationship, and the approach must be based mental damages in both former U.S. military on our commitments under the Philippine- bases. Is your Government willing to accept U.S. Mutual Defense Treaty. moral as well as financial responsibility for Thank you. cleaning up the bases in case this service proves that there are toxic wastes in Clark Republican Leadership and Subic? Q. I’d like to ask President Clinton—sir, President Clinton. First of all, I’d like to a lot of world leaders are wondering about point out that when the United States left the meaning of Tuesday’s elections. As you Subic Bay, we spent about $6 million on go into APEC and talk with these other world clean-up, and we left 5,000 acres of virgin leaders, what will you tell them about the tropical forest, which was an enormous envi- Republican takeover of Congress and what ronmental resource for the Philippines. We that means about the strength of your admin- have, since that time, worked very hard to istration and the direction of U.S. foreign cooperate with the authorities here about policy? what the condition of Subic Bay is and each President Clinton. First, I would say that area of the bay. It’s a vast area, as you know. I don’t expect it to have any impact on our We will continue to do that and to exchange foreign policy. The Republican House and information and to work on it. Senate leaders—and I spoke, as you know, We have no reason to believe at this time before I came—they expressed their support that there is a big problem that we left for this trip and for our policy generally. The untended, first of all. We clearly are not man- foreign policies that I have pursued, particu- dated under any treaty obligations to do larly the mission that I’m on now with regard more, but we are concerned. We want Subic to APEC, have enjoyed broad bipartisan sup- Bay to be a vast economic resource for the port among centrists in both parties. And in- Philippines in a way that preserves the envi- sofar as they have drawn opposition, they ronmental heritage of the area. have drawn some opposition again from both We were very pleased and supportive of parties, particularly in the trade area. the agreement signed, I believe just today, But I believe that the position of the and witnessed by the Secretary of State, be- United States is certainly just as strong as tween Federal Express and the authorities it ever has been. Beyond that, we do not have there to develop the area in a responsible a parliamentary system. The power vested by way. the Constitution in the President will rep- So we’re excited by this; we want it to be resent the United States in foreign affairs, a very good thing for you. We have spent particularly in areas of this kind, is quite some money there, we have given some im- clear. portant environmental resources, and we are

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continuing to work on it. But in the absence would say that’s where we have been. It was of the evidence of some serious problem that not the opposition party, it was the Demo- we left untended. I don’t think I can commit crats that reduced the size of the Federal at this moment to further expenditures. But Government and reduced the Federal deficit I can tell you we are continuing to work with for the first time in a very long time, the the Philippine Government on this, and we Democrats that passed a crime bill that had will continue to do so. the toughest punishments of any crime bill President Ramos. May I just add by way in American history. So I think we will be of confirmation, ladies and gentlemen, that in the center. I brought up the issue during our one-on- There are several specific things that they one talk with President Clinton, and he read- have advocated that I have long agreed with. ily agreed that at the level of the technical To mention just two, I ran on the line-item people and the working people, principally veto, and I ran on welfare reform. And I pre- in the departments of foreign affairs, envi- sented a welfare reform bill to the Congress ronment and natural resources as well as the last spring. So I think there will be other base authorities, that we put all our expertise areas in which we can work together. I am together about the subject, because we have still looking for ways—the Vice President and studies on our side, there are records on the I have had at least three different discussions, part of the U.S. Government which have not two before and once since the election, about yet been thoroughly collated, so that we will how we can carry forward our downsizing the get to the truth of the matter. And while it Federal Government with the reinventing may not be just toxic waste, we may really Government initiative. So I think there will be talking here about pollutants which could be many areas in which we can work to- have been sourced from many other places gether. in addition to the naval forces in Subic. But Will there be some areas of disagreement? anyway, we will get a good effort going to- Of course there will. What is my standard? gether. Thank you. My standard is, does it make America strong- President Clinton. If I could add just one er or weaker to do this? As I said, does it more sentence. President Ramos did bring weaken our posture abroad in terms of na- this up and we talked about it in some detail. tional defense and economic strength? Does What I would like to say is, on a matter like it weaken our posture at home in terms of this, I think it is very important not to let building stronger families, better schools, the general policy pronouncements or the more high-wage jobs, and safer streets? That rhetoric outrun the facts we have on the case, is my standard. Insofar as I can work with so we decided we should focus on finding them, I will do my best to do it. the facts now, and when we find them, deal But my job as President is to make Amer- then with the facts as they are. ica strong and make the working people of the country who voice their frustrations, their Cooperation With Republican Leaders anxieties, their uncertainties, more secure Q. Mr. President, Newt Gingrich, who is and make sure their children’s future is bet- likely to be the next Speaker of the House, ter. That will be what guides me, not the said the other day that he thought on the politics of the matter but what makes Amer- many things where he believes he represents ica strong. the vast majority of America there will be no compromise. Cooperation, he said, yes; Democratic Governments in Asia but compromise, no. Given this, do you ex- Q. My first question is for President Clin- pect to be able to work with Republicans, ton. The second question will be for Presi- and can you move far enough toward the cen- dent Ramos. President Clinton, some politi- ter to work with them and still not alienate cal analysts read your Manila visit as a state- the core constituency of your own party and ment of support to democracy in view of the perhaps invite a challenger for renomination? authoritarian governments of other Eastern President Clinton. Well, first of all, I countries. Do they read you right? If so, what think that any rational analysis of our position global, and in particular, American interest

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is served by a democratic government in President Ramos. I may just make two Asia? points very clear. First of all, we are trying And for President Ramos, are you satisfied to achieve economic and social reform in this with the support you are getting from friends country under a democratic framework. like the United States on the path of democ- While this may be a little more time consum- racy that you have taken? ing and may require a little more patience President Clinton. I want to make sure— than other systems, we feel we are on the my hearing is not the best; I want to make right track. And we are now seeing the initial sure that I heard the question right. You fruits of that devotion to the rule of laws, asked me what American interests were to people power, and to the overall demo- served by the advance of democracy in Asia. cratic system. Is that right? Secondly, I think no one can ignore the Q. Why you chose the Philippines, chose fact that over the last 20 years, there are now to visit the Philippines of all the other coun- more democracies functioning in Asia-Pa- tries. cific, our region, than there were two dec- President Clinton. I chose to come to the ades ago. And so, to me, this is the right Philippines partly because of the stunning track. And the Philippines is following pre- success and resurgence of democracy here cisely that way to its political, social, eco- in the last 8 years. I chose to come here be- nomic, and cultural development. cause I thought I ought to be here during Q. Mr. President, it’s clear that security this period when we are celebrating the 50th and trade will be among the issues discussed anniversary of the return to freedom of the at the APEC conference, but there is some Philippines. And I came here, frankly, be- speculation at this point that perhaps human cause of the relationship I enjoy with your rights will not come up. Specifically, do you President and my immense admiration for intend on discussing human rights with him and for what he is trying to do not only China and Indonesia? in preserving democracy and enhancing indi- President Clinton. Absolutely. Let me vidual rights but in modernizing the Phil- make a distinction here between the APEC ippine economy and trying to give the people conference itself, the purpose of which by here the kind of prosperity that they deserve the very name of the group is economic co- for their hard work, which is legendary the operation, and the bilateral meetings that I world over. So those are the three reasons will have with the leaders of the individual that I came here. countries. And in both the cases that you Do I believe that democracy in general ad- mentioned, human rights has been discussed vances the cause and the interest of the in every meeting I’ve had and will be dis- United States? Yes, I do. Democracies are cussed in these meetings. highly unlikely to go to war with each other. It’s an important interest of the United They are more likely to keep their word to States. We are engaging these countries in each other. They are more likely to see their many, many areas, across a broad range of future greatness in terms of developing the areas. And human rights is too important, human potential of their people rather than particularly now, to pass by us. So it will be building walls around their country, either a point of discussion in those bilateral meet- economic walls or military walls. ings. No democracies are perfect. All democ- Press Secretary Myers. That concludes racies have their ups and downs. But on bal- the press conference. Thank you very much. ance, the world has been much better served President Clinton. Thank you. by the march of democracy. And the United President Ramos. Thank you. Ladies and States is more secure when there are more gentlemen, permit me to make a small pres- democracies. Our national defense interests entation to President Clinton, since he stayed are threatened less; our economic interests for such a short while and could not play are enhanced more. So that is why I intend golf in our Malacanang Golf Club. to continue to push this throughout the [At this point, President Clinton was pre- world. sented with a hat.]

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President Clinton. You owe me a golf that Congress would come back soon, and game. Thank you. that I thought it would pass. It was clear to me that the rest of the world is looking to NOTE: The President’s 79th news conference the United States for leadership on this issue. began at 6:20 p.m. in Kalayaan Hall in Malacanang It’s also clear to me, I will say again, that Palace. it is very much in our interest to pass GATT because it means more high-wage jobs for The President’s News Conference in Americans. Jakarta, Indonesia Finally, in each of the meetings we dis- November 14, 1994 cussed the APEC leaders meeting which be- gins tonight. I expressed my strong support The President. I’m very glad to be here for the efforts of President Soeharto to build in Indonesia for this APEC meeting. As I on the common vision of the Asian-Pacific said before I left the United States, I am here community that we set forth at Seattle last because this opportunity for me to meet with year in the first of these leaders meetings. leaders throughout this region can lead to This week’s discussions I believe will allow more economic opportunities for Americans us to take a critical step forward toward free and a reduced threat of nuclear proliferation. and open trade throughout the region. After Today I had the opportunity to meet with all, this is very important to the United President Jiang Zemin of China, Prime Min- States. Already one-third of our exports go ister Murayama of Japan, Prime Minister to the Asia-Pacific region; already 2 million Keating of Australia, and President Kim of American jobs are tied to this region. This South Korea. The most important topic of is the fastest growing part of the world. So our conversations was the situation on the it is very important that we proceed first with Korean Peninsula. All the leaders indicated GATT and second with APEC so that we their strong support for the agreement we can continue the economic recovery at home reached with North Korea to freeze and then and continue to provide increasing opportu- to dismantle its ability to build nuclear weap- nities for our people. ons. All agreed on the importance of resum- All these meetings today reinforced my be- ing the dialog between North and South liefs that the United States is strong in the Korea. This agreement marks an historic step Asian-Pacific region, that we are getting to freeze and, ultimately, to end the greatest stronger in this region, and that in so doing security threat in this region. we are strengthening Americans economi- Prime Minister Murayama of Japan and cally and in terms of our security. In short, South Korean President Kim agreed that we we are moving in the right direction. This must maintain our close cooperation as we is a good investment. We need to make the begin to implement the agreement. And the most of it. three of us plan to meet briefly again later this evening to follow up on our earlier con- North Korea versations. Q. Mr. President, APEC—as an economic In all my meetings today I made it clear organization—what kind of statement of sup- that the fundamental interests of the United port or commitment are you seeking from States in the Pacific remain unchanged. And APEC about implementing the nuclear each of the leaders welcomed the assurance agreement with North Korea? Are you hop- that the United States will continue to exer- ing that all the leaders have something to say cise active leadership in the region. on this? In each of the meetings today there was The President. I think that the leaders also strong agreement that the early ratifica- who are most concerned with it may have tion of GATT would be absolutely essential something to say. I don’t know that the orga- to maintaining the climate that promotes nization itself will. global economic growth and expanding trade. President Kim and I obviously have I told each of the leaders that I would do worked most heavily on it. And Prime Min- everything that I could to pass the GATT, ister Murayama has been terribly interested

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in it. But we had a long discussion today be- Congressman Gingrich and Senator Dole tween President Jiang Zemin and myself about GATT, and I look forward to working about it, and it will become a topic of con- with them. versation elsewhere, as well. Prime Minister Rita [Rita Braver, CBS News]. Keating was very intent on being supportive Q. While you’re here having the summit of the agreement. with the Asian-Pacific leaders, I wondered I don’t know that there will be an APEC if you’d given any thought to when you return statement, because it’s an economic group. to Washington having sort of a summit with But I have not yet talked to anyone who does the incoming Republican leaders, some kind not believe it’s an important first step for- of series of face-to-face meetings where ward and that it ought to be implemented. you’d work on an initial agenda, and whether, at this point, you’re fixed on any kind of strat- East Timor egy toward working with them? Q. Mr. President, as you know, some stu- The President. Well, my strategy will be dents have taken over or have occupied the to have an open door and to have a lot of parking lot in the U.S. Embassy here and contact. And I certainly intend to meet with are calling for the release of one of the lead- them. I said before I left in my conversations ers of the Timor human rights movement. with Senator Dole and Congressman Ging- They’ve asked to meet with you, sir. Has rich that I looked forward to having a chance there been any contact between your entou- to meet with them when I come back. I left, rage and these students? And how do you frankly, as you know, shortly after the elec- feel about their demands? tions, so there wasn’t a great deal of oppor- The President. Well, first, the whole issue tunity to think through all the details. And of East Timor has been of a concern to the I asked them to work with Mr. Panetta about United States at least since I’ve been Presi- that, and I presume they are doing so. dent. I talked about it in the campaign of Yes, sir. 1992, and we have raised it in our conversa- tions with Indonesian leaders. We will con- North Korea tinue to do so. The contacts they’ve had, inso- Q. Mr. President, do you feel that—[in- far as I know them, have occurred in an ap- audible]—President Jiang Zemin said in re- propriate way through our Embassy there. action to the agreement on North Korea nu- But this is an issue which is a part of our clear issue? And also, do you expect a firm dialog with the Indonesians, and it should commitment from Prime Minister be. Murayama and President Kim when you meet with them later this evening? Republican Leadership The President. Well, they all said that Q. Mr. President, Congressman Gingrich they strongly supported the agreement and is known to feel that he was never properly that they thought it was very important that or publicly thanked for his help on NAFTA. we continue to work it through. They under- He has, however, said that he’s committed stood that the implementation of the agree- to helping to get the GATT legislation ment would not be without difficulty and it passed. First, have you discussed that issue, would require a lot of efforts on several the GATT legislation, with him, and do you fronts. feel that you have anything else to say to him They all also agreed that we ought to see about his participation in NAFTA? a resumption of the North-South dialog, that The President. Well, I don’t know about these two countries have some things to re- that. When NAFTA passed, I tried to be pro- solve between themselves that the rest of us fuse in my thanks to the Republicans, as well simply cannot do for them. A lot of these as the Democrats. Congressman Gingrich, things they’re going to have to talk through Mr. Colby, Mr. Dreier, and others were criti- themselves. But I was very encouraged by cal in the success of NAFTA, and they are what President Jiang said and what Prime critical to the success of the GATT. I was Minister Murayama said and what President encouraged by my conversations with both Kim said about the agreement. They were

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all very forthright and strong in their support to increase the efficiency of the organization of it. and to increase the impact of the dollars and Wolf [Wolf Blitzer, Cable News Network]. other currencies that are spent there. And we have made some progress in improving Human Rights the efficiency of the United Nations. I am Q. Mr. President, some of your critics back proud of the work that Madeleine Albright home are suggesting you’re giving too much and others have done in supporting that. importance to trade and economic issues Now, having said that, it still seems to me with China, with Indonesia, other members that we are far better off working where we of APEC and not enough to human rights. can with other nations of the world and trying Specifically, this morning in your meeting to make our fair contribution as long as we with the Chinese leader, you didn’t forcefully know our dollars are going to be well spent. address these human rights issues, presum- If I might just point out, one of the things ably as many human rights groups would like. that we’re looking forward to as we go And at this time that you’re here in Indo- through the various phases of our mission in nesia, Amnesty International is suggesting Haiti is turning over our mission to a United that human rights abuses here in Indonesia Nations operation to complete the overall are getting worse. How do you respond to mission in Haiti of training the police force, these critics? the armed forces, and being there until the The President. That the United States, next elections are conducted. That’s an area perhaps more than any other country in the in our own backyard where the presence of world, consistently and regularly raises the United Nations and the willingness of human rights issues. There was a discussion other nations to participate and to contribute of human rights issues in the meeting with is of economic benefit to us. President Jiang Zemin this morning in which So I think we have to be—I agree with a number of specific things were raised and anyone, including Senator Helms, who wants in which we made it absolutely clear that in the United Nations to be efficiently run and order for the United States’ relationship with to say we have to continue to work at it. But China to fully flower, there had to be I do not agree that it is a mistake for us to progress on all fronts. support peacekeeping. I think it is a good So I think it was quite clear. And as I said, thing, a good allocation of our resources if I have met with President Soeharto before; properly done. And I would hope to be able I have met with these other leaders before. to persuade a majority of both parties in the Wherever there is a clear human rights prob- Congress, and in the Senate especially where lem, I have tried to address it and will con- there’s so much foreign affairs interest, that tinue to do so and use whatever influence that is the right course. we can in a positive way. Human Rights Demonstrations United Nations and Foreign Aid Q. [Inaudible]—protesters at the Embassy Q. Senator Helms is talking about cuts in are demonstrating the best nonviolent Amer- foreign aid and cuts for U.N. funding, saying ican tradition. And we’re all going to move that a lot of our money in years past has gone on, but they’re going to still be here and have down what he called ‘‘foreign ratholes.’’ Does to face the justice system. Are you going to this bode well for your relationship with him, send any signal to the Indonesian Govern- and does it undercut your position at meet- ment this week that we’re worried about how ings like this one? they’ll be treated after we’re all gone? The President. Well, let me say, first of The President. We’ve already done that. all, I think that all Americans would agree We’ve already said that we had no problem that not every dollar that was spent by the with these young people coming and express- United Nations in the past was spent as effi- ing their views in our Embassy grounds, that ciently as possible. We have been very active we talked with them, we worked with them. since Ambassador Albright has been at the And we have been assured that there will United Nations in pushing for U.N. reforms be no retribution against them for exercising

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their political expression and bringing their down the barriers that divide us so that all concerns to us. We have been assured of that, of our people can be more prosperous in the and I feel comfortable that the commitment future. we receive will be honored. I did not want, when I became President, I did not want to see this world polarized APEC Summit by trading blocs which would take the place Q. [Inaudible]—economic summit. I un- of the nuclear blocs of the cold war. I wanted derstand that you’re hoping that a timetable to see regions cooperate within themselves of action aimed at liberalizing trade comes but also reach out beyond their borders. out of this meeting. That may not seem like That’s what I have worked for in Europe, a giant political payoff for people back home, in Latin America, in Africa, and certainly in and I’m wondering how do you explain what Asia. It is the fastest growing part of the the benefits of this meeting are to Americans world. The American people cannot be as who are wondering why you came to Jakarta? prosperous as they need to be unless we suc- The President. Well, first of all, let’s wait ceed here in Asia. and see what happens. But I would like to Thank you. make two comments about it. I told the American people when I sought this office Bosnia that it was necessary for the President to look Q. Mr. President, we haven’t heard you to the long-term economic interest of the on Bosnia. Do you care to say something country as well as to the short-term economic about that? interests of the country, that we were moving The President. Well, I can say that I obvi- into a global economy in which we had to ously have been very concerned about the make long-term commitments and expect events of the last few days in Bihac. We have others to make them if we wanted Americans tabled a—we have put forth a proposal to to have good jobs, stable incomes, and our allies there and to the members of the brighter futures. Contact Group. And we are hoping to see We don’t yet know—I don’t want to jump the situation stabilize. the gun on what the agreement will be, but Q. What about the embargo, the criticism I think most Americans would like it very that you—— much to know that at some date certain that The President. We have been criticized every market in this part of the world, the by some of our allies, but I think they need fastest growing part of the world, with al- to understand the situation. The United ready some of the most powerful economies States Congress has a heavy majority in favor in the world, would be as open to our prod- of unilateral lifting of the arms embargo. In- ucts as our markets are to theirs. I think stead of that, we got a bill through the Con- Americans would like that. gress which said that we should pursue a And I would ask that the Americans who multilateral lift of the arms embargo through want immediate results to remember that the United Nations if the Contact Group pro- after 2 years of hard work, we have the econ- posal was not adopted but that we would stop omy going in the right direction. We need spending American tax dollars to enforce the to provide more stability and higher wages embargo directly. in it and more security, ability to afford Now we know that the Bosnian Govern- health care and things of that kind. And we ment itself, which enjoys such wide support have seen some significant advances in for- in the Congress in both parties, has asked eign policy in the Middle East, in Northern us not to lift the arms embargo for a period Ireland, in Haiti, with the missile agreement of 6 months while they continue to work to with China, with the nuclear agreement with try to sell the Contact Group proposal. North Korea. These things take time, but you We have worked very hard in the last few do get the pay-off if you invest the time. days—I want to compliment the Secretary This is a remarkable thing, the fact that of State and Secretary of Defense and others these 15 leaders are meeting for the second in our administration, including the United time in 2 years and talking about ripping Nations Ambassador and the National Secu-

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rity Adviser—we’ve all worked hard to try on as a very important part of what the world to explain to our allies exactly what we have looks like well into the 21st century. done and what we have not done. We are Thank you. not violating the arms embargo. We are ob- Q. Any jet lag? serving the international arms embargo. We The President. Just a tad. I think I’m still will continue to do it. But the arrangement somewhere between Jordan and Jerusalem. which we have adopted on enforcement is [Laughter] the product of intense negotiations in the United States Congress, which Senator Nunn NOTE: The President’s 80th news conference and others helped us to work out to avoid began at 4:37 p.m. at the U.S. Ambassador’s resi- what I believe would have been a very serious dence. In his remarks, he referred to Prime Min- ister Tomiichi Murayama of Japan; Prime Minister mistake, which would have been a unilateral Paul Keating of Australia; President Kim Yong- vote by the Congress to lift the arms embar- sam of South Korea; and President Soeharto of go. Indonesia. A tape was not available for verification Thank you. of the content of this news conference. Q. Mr. President, can you take one ques- tion from Indonesian press? The President. Yes, I think I owe you one. Executive Order 12938— I was looking for someone to raise their hand. Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Go ahead, I’ll give you one. Destruction Military Sales and the APEC Summit November 14, 1994 Q. Mr. President, does the relationship be- By the authority vested in me as President tween the civilian and the military in a devel- by the Constitution and the laws of the oping country affect U.S. military sales to the United States of America, including the country? International Emergency Economic Powers The President. Well, there are many Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), the National things that affect United States military sales Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), to a country. And so I guess the answer to the Arms Export Control Act, as amended that would be, it depends on the facts; it (22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.), Executive Orders would depend on the specifics of a case. But Nos. 12851 and 12924, and section 301 of we have been quite careful in what we do title 3, United States Code, with our military equipment and sales, and I, William J. Clinton, President of the we will continue to do that. United States of America, find that the pro- You didn’t ask this question, but I do think liferation of nuclear, biological, and chemical I should say again—I want to hammer this weapons (‘‘weapons of mass destruction’’) home for the Indonesian press, if not for the and of the means of delivering such weapons, American press—this is a remarkable thing constitutes an unusual and extraordinary that is being done here in Indonesia and threat to the national security, foreign policy, quite remarkable that President Soeharto is and economy of the United States, and here- trying to spearhead a clear and specific com- by declare a national emergency to deal with mitment on the part of all these nations in that threat. the fastest growing part of the world to tear Accordingly, I hereby order: down their trade barriers. It is a very signifi- Section 1. International Negotiations. It cant thing. is the policy of the United States to lead and So far as I know, there is no precedent seek multilaterally coordinated efforts with for it. I had hoped such a thing would occur other countries to control the proliferation when I convened the leaders in Seattle last of weapons of mass destruction and the year, but I knew that this was something that means of delivering such weapons. Accord- would have to bubble up from the grass- ingly, the Secretary of State shall cooperate roots, from the people in the fast-growing in and lead multilateral efforts to stop the economies of Asia. And this is a remarkable proliferation of weapons of mass destruction meeting that, in history, will be looked back and their means of delivery.

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Sec. 2. Imposition of Controls. As pro- (d) The Secretary of Commerce, in con- vided herein, the Secretary of State and the sultation with the Secretary of State, shall Secretary of Commerce shall use their re- take such actions, including the promulgation spective authorities, including the Arms Ex- of rules, regulations, and amendments there- port Control Act and the International Emer- to, as may be necessary to continue to regu- gency Economic Powers Act, to control any late the activities of United States persons exports, to the extent they are not already in order to prevent their participation in ac- controlled by the Department of Energy and tivities that could contribute to the prolifera- the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, that ei- tion of weapons of mass destruction or their ther Secretary determines would assist a means of delivery, as provided in the Export country in acquiring the capability to de- Administration Regulations, set forth in Title velop, produce, stockpile, deliver, or use 15, Chapter VII, Subchapter C, of the Code weapons of mass destruction or their means of Federal Regulations, Parts 768 to 799 in- of delivery. The Secretary of State shall pur- clusive. sue early negotiations with foreign govern- Sec. 4. Sanctions Against Foreign Persons. ments to adopt effective measures com- (a) In addition to the sanctions imposed on parable to those imposed under this order. foreign persons as provided in the National Sec. 3. Department of Commerce Con- Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year trols. (a) The Secretary of Commerce shall 1991 and the Chemical and Biological Weap- prohibit the export of any goods, technology, ons Control and Warfare Elimination Act of or services subject to the Secretary’s export 1991, sanctions also shall be imposed on a jurisdiction that the Secretary of Commerce foreign person with respect to chemical and determines, in consultation with the Sec- biological weapons proliferation if the Sec- retary of State determines that the foreign retary of State, the Secretary of Defense, and person on or after the effective date of this other appropriate officials, would assist a for- order or its predecessor, Executive Order eign country in acquiring the capability to No. 12735 of November 16, 1990, knowingly develop, produce, stockpile, deliver, or use and materially contributed to the efforts of weapons of mass destruction or their means any foreign country, project, or entity to use, of delivery. The Secretary of State shall pur- develop, produce, stockpile, or otherwise ac- sue early negotiations with foreign govern- quire chemical or biological weapons. ments to adopt effective measures com- (b) No department or agency of the United parable to those imposed under this section. States Government may procure, or enter (b) Subsection (a) of this section will not into any contract for the procurement of, any apply to exports relating to a particular cat- goods or services from any foreign person egory of weapons of mass destruction (i.e., described in subsection (a) of this section. nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons) if The Secretary of the Treasury shall prohibit their destination is a country with whose gov- the importation into the United States of ernment the United States has entered into products produced by that foreign person. a bilateral or multilateral arrangement for the (c) Sanctions pursuant to this section may control of that category of weapons of mass be terminated or not imposed against foreign destruction-related goods (including delivery persons if the Secretary of State determines systems) and technology, or maintains do- that there is reliable evidence that the foreign mestic export controls comparable to con- person concerned has ceased all activities re- trols that are imposed by the United States ferred to in subsection (a). with respect to that category of goods and (d) The Secretary of State and the Sec- technology, or that are otherwise deemed retary of the Treasury may provide appro- adequate by the Secretary of State. priate exemptions for procurement contracts (c) The Secretary of Commerce shall re- necessary to meet U.S. operational military quire validated licenses to implement this requirements or requirements under defense order and shall coordinate any license appli- production agreements, sole source suppli- cations with the Secretary of State and the ers, spare parts, components, routine servic- Secretary of Defense. ing and maintenance of products, and medi-

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cal and humanitarian items. They may pro- (3) Denial of Credit or Other Financial As- vide exemptions for contracts in existence on sistance. The United States shall deny to that the date of this order under appropriate cir- country any credit or financial assistance by cumstances. any department, agency, or instrumentality Sec. 5. Sanctions Against Foreign Coun- of the United States Government. tries. (a) In addition to the sanctions imposed (4) Prohibition of Arms Sales. The United on foreign countries as provided in the States Government shall not, under the Arms Chemical and Biological Weapons Control Export Control Act, sell to that country any and Warfare Elimination Act of 1991, sanc- defense articles or defense services or issue tions also shall be imposed on a foreign coun- any license for the export of items on the try as specified in subsection (b) of this sec- United States Munitions List. tion, if the Secretary of State determines that (5) Exports of National Security-Sensitive the foreign country has, on or after the effec- Goods and Technology. No exports shall be tive date of this order or its predecessor, Ex- permitted of any goods or technologies con- ecutive Order No. 12735 of November 16, trolled for national security reasons under 1990, (1) used chemical or biological weap- the Export Administration Regulations. ons in violation of international law; (2) made (6) Further Export Restrictions. The Sec- substantial preparations to use chemical or retary of Commerce shall prohibit or other- biological weapons in violation of inter- wise substantially restrict exports to that national law; or (3) developed, produced, country of goods, technology, and services stockpiled, or otherwise acquired chemical or (excluding agricultural commodities and biological weapons in violation of inter- products otherwise subject to control). national law. (7) Import Restrictions. Restrictions shall (b) The following sanctions shall be im- be imposed on the importation into the posed on any foreign country identified in United States of articles (that may include subsection (a)(1) of this section unless the petroleum or any petroleum product) that Secretary of State determines, on grounds of are the growth, product, or manufacture of significant foreign policy or national security, that country. that any individual sanction should not be ap- (8) Landing Rights. At the earliest prac- plied. The sanctions specified in this section ticable date, the Secretary of State shall ter- may be made applicable to the countries minate, in a manner consistent with inter- identified in subsections (a)(2) or (a)(3) when national law, the authority of any air carrier the Secretary of State determines that such that is controlled in fact by the government action will further the objectives of this order of that country to engage in air transportation pertaining to proliferation. The sanctions (as defined in section 101(10) of the Federal specified in subsection (b)(2) below shall be Aviation Act of 1958 (49 U.S.C. App. imposed with the concurrence of the Sec- 1301(10)). retary of the Treasury. Sec. 6. Duration. Any sanctions imposed (1) Foreign Assistance. No assistance shall pursuant to sections 4 or 5 of this order shall be provided to that country under the For- remain in force until the Secretary of State eign Assistance Act of 1961, or any successor determines that lifting any sanction is in the act, or the Arms Export Control Act, other foreign policy or national security interests than assistance that is intended to benefit the of the United States or, as to sanctions under people of that country directly and that is section 4 of this order, until the Secretary not channeled through governmental agen- has made the determination under section cies or entities of that country. 4(c). (2) Multilateral Development Bank Assist- Sec. 7. Implementation. The Secretary of ance. The United States shall oppose any State, the Secretary of the Treasury, and the loan or financial or technical assistance to Secretary of Commerce are hereby author- that country by international financial institu- ized and directed to take such actions, in- tions in accordance with section 701 of the cluding the promulgation of rules and regula- International Financial Institutions Act (22 tions, as may be necessary to carry out the U.S.C. 262d). purposes of this order. These actions, and

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in particular those in sections 4 and 5 of this NOTE: This Executive order was published in the order, shall be made in consultation with the Federal Register on November 15. Secretary of Defense and, as appropriate, other agency heads and shall be imple- mented in accordance with procedures es- Letter to Congressional Leaders on tablished pursuant to Executive Order No. the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass 12851. The Secretary concerned may redele- Destruction gate any of these functions to other officers November 14, 1994 in agencies of the Federal Government. All heads of departments and agencies of the Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. President:) United States Government are directed to Pursuant to section 204(b) of the Inter- take all appropriate measures within their au- national Emergency Economic Powers Act thority to carry out the provisions of this (50 U.S.C. 1703(b)) and section 201 of the order, including the suspension or termi- National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1631), nation of licenses or other authorizations. I hereby report to the Congress that I have Sec. 8. Preservation of Authorities. Noth- exercised my statutory authority to declare ing in this order is intended to affect the con- a national emergency and to issue an Execu- tinued effectiveness of any rules, regulations, tive order that consolidates the functions of orders, licenses, or other forms of administra- two existing Executive orders, eliminates tive action issued, taken, or continued in ef- provisions that have been superseded by leg- fect heretofore or hereafter under the au- islation, and expands certain existing author- thority of the International Economic Emer- izations in order to enhance our ability to gency Powers Act, the Export Administration respond to the threat of weapons of mass de- Act, the Arms Export Control Act, the Nu- struction-related proliferation activities clear Non-proliferation Act, Executive Order around the world. No. 12730 of September 30, 1990, Executive The new Executive order consolidates the Order No. 12735 of November 16, 1990, Ex- functions of Executive Order No. 12735 of ecutive Order No. 12924 of August 18, 1994, November 16, 1990, that declared a national and Executive Order No. 12930 of Septem- emergency with respect to the proliferation ber 29, 1994. of chemical and biological weapons, and Ex- Sec. 9. Judicial Review. This order is not ecutive Order No. 12930 of September 29, intended to create, nor does it create, any 1994, that declared a national emergency right or benefit, substantive or procedural, with respect to nuclear, biological, and chem- enforceable at law by a party against the ical weapons and of the means of delivering United States, its agencies, officers, or any such weapons. This new order includes all other person. of the authorities in Executive Order No. Sec. 10. Revocation of Executive Orders 12930 and, with the exception discussed Nos. 12735 and 12930. Executive Order No. below, continues the authorities previously in 12735 of November 16, 1990, and Executive Executive Order No. 12735. Order No. 12930 of September 29, 1994, are The new order eliminates certain redun- hereby revoked. dant authorities and other authorities that Sec. 11. Effective Date. This order is ef- will be rendered unnecessary in the wake of fective immediately. congressional or multilateral action. The This order shall be transmitted to the Con- order eliminates obsolete provisions relating gress and published in the Federal Register. to the negotiation of a global convention re- lating to chemical weapons (CW) because William J. Clinton the Chemical Weapons Convention has al- ready been negotiated, signed, and is now The White House, in the ratification process. The order also November 14, 1994. eliminates an obsolete requirement to de- velop a list of items for CW-related controls. [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, Such a list and the controls in question have 3:16 p.m., November 14, 1994] already been implemented.

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Finally, the new order provides additional NOTE: Identical letters were sent to Thomas S. authorization to further important non- Foley, Speaker of the House of Representatives, proliferation goals that are not present in ex- and Albert Gore, Jr., President of the Senate. isting legislation or the other Executive or- ders. First, the order expands previous provi- The President’s News Conference in sions on the imposition of export controls by Jakarta referring to weapons of mass destruction and missiles rather than to chemical and biologi- November 15, 1994 cal weapons. Second, the order provides for The President. Good evening—or good the imposition of sanctions on foreign per- morning, to the people who are watching this sons for proliferation activity contributing to back in America. [Laughter] At our meeting chemical and biological weapons programs in in Bogor today, the Asian-Pacific leaders any country. Existing sanctions legislation is pledged to achieve free and fair trade and limited, absent Presidential action, to activity investment between our nations by the year that contributes to chemical and biological 2020, with the industrialized countries reach- weapons programs in the countries on the ing this goal by 2010. This agreement is good terrorist list. This provision closes a loophole news for the countries of this region and es- in the existing sanctions legislation and com- pecially good news for the United States and ports with the global requirement of the our workers. I want to thank President Chemical Weapons Convention not to assist Soeharto for hosting this meeting and for his CW programs anywhere in the world. leadership in crafting the agreement. I have authorized these actions in view of When the United States brought the the danger posed to the national security, for- APEC leaders together in Seattle for the very eign policy, and economy of the United first time last year, we agreed on a common States by the continuing proliferation of vision of a united, open trading system. At weapons of mass destruction and their means this year’s meeting, we have committed to of delivery. make that vision real through free and fair The Secretary of State, the Secretary of trade and to do it by a date certain. We’ll the Treasury, and the Secretary of Com- meet again next year in Osaka. Meanwhile, merce are authorized to take such actions we’ll develop a detailed action agenda, a and to issue any regulations necessary to im- blueprint, for achieving our goal of free and plement these requirements. These actions fair trade, which I hope and believe will be shall be implemented in accordance with approved when we meet in Osaka. procedures established under Executive APEC is primarily an economic organiza- Order No. 12851 of June 11, 1993. I am en- tion, and today’s talks focused on those closing a copy of the Executive order that issues. While I believe stronger trade ties also I have issued exercising these authorities. will lead to more open societies, I remain My Administration continues to believe committed to pursuing our human rights that the harmonized proliferation sanctions agenda, as I did in my individual meetings legislation it included as part of the proposed with the leaders this week. This is an agenda new Export Administration Act represents we must be willing to pursue with both pa- the best means of maximizing the effective- tience and determination, and we will. ness of sanctions as a tool of U.S. non- From the beginning of this administration, proliferation policy while minimizing adverse we have worked to create high-wage jobs and economic impacts on U.S. exporters. Until a high-growth economy for the 20th century such harmonized sanctions legislation is en- by expanding our ability to trade with and acted, however, I believe that it is appro- do business with other nations. The Asia-Pa- priate as an interim measure to take the steps cific region is key to the success of this strat- described above to consolidate and stream- egy because it’s the fastest growing region line the restrictions of the former non- in the world, with rapidly expanding middle proliferation Executive orders. classes who are potential American cus- Sincerely, tomers. Already a third of our exports go to William J. Clinton these nations, with 2 million American jobs

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tied to them. And we know that export relat- as we begin to implement the blueprint, ed jobs on average pay much higher than reg- which we will develop in this coming year. ular jobs in America. But first things first. Our first meeting in These free and fair trade agreements will Seattle last year created the conditions that benefit Americans for a simple reason: Our helped make it possible to get agreement Nation already has the most open markets among the nations of the world on the GATT on Earth. By opening other markets, our world trade agreement. Without the meeting products and services become more competi- in Seattle, we might well not have had a tive, and more sales abroad create more high- GATT agreement. wage jobs at home. Now, when we return to Washington, our Under this agreement, individual APEC first order of business must be for Congress nations will have to tear down trade barriers to pass the GATT. Every leader I spoke with to reap trade benefits. And no country will here—every leader I spoke with here—asked get more in benefits than it gives; no free me about United States leadership on GATT riders. Today’s agreement will lower barriers and on world trade issues generally. Ameri- even further than the historic GATT world ca’s opportunities and our responsibilities de- trade agreement. mand a spirit of bipartisanship, especially Let me just give you one example. Even when it comes to keeping our country strong after the GATT world trade agreement takes abroad. effect, tariffs on American automobiles in That cooperation was demonstrated in the Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, and the Phil- historic NAFTA victory and in the encour- ippines will still be between 30 and 60 per- agement I received from the Republican cent, lower than they are today but very high. leaders before I left for this trip. Now, I call By contrast, our tariffs on automobiles are upon the Congress, Members of both parties, 2.5 percent. to use this momentum from this trip to pass The market in just these four countries the GATT. The economic recovery going on alone in 6 years will be as great as the total in our country and taking hold in the world market in Canada and Mexico combined. depends upon the passage of GATT and our This APEC agreement will knock down Asian continued leadership. tariffs even further, and American autos will, At the end of the Second World War, the therefore, be more affordable. That means United States had a bipartisan effort to create for an autoworker in Detroit or Toledo more an enduring partnership with our allies that secure jobs and factories with more workers, helped keep the peace and helped spawn an factories that are growing, not shrinking. era of global prosperity, that created enor- I’m proud of the leadership of the United mous opportunities for the American people. States in creating a post-cold-war world that Now, at the end of the cold war, we are is both safer and more prosperous, a better building a new framework for peace and place for Americans to live and work in. prosperity that will take us into the future. Trade agreements like NAFTA, the GATT It is imperative that the United States lead agreement, and now the Bogor Declaration, as we move toward this new century. That along with the Summit of the Americas next is our great opportunity, and that is the best month, are important in their own way just way we can help all Americans toward a more as are the agreements we’ve made with the prosperous future. Russians and Ukraine on nuclear missiles, the North Korean nuclear agreement, and East Timor the agreement on missile deployments with Q. Mr. President, as you know, nearly two China. I’m convinced this declaration will decades ago, the Portuguese withdrew from prove to be of historic importance. East Timor, and the Indonesian military Americans may hear about this declaration moved in. Sir, do you feel East Timor de- and think, well, 2010 is a long time to wait serves self-rule, and tomorrow when you for any benefits. That is—let me empha- meet with President Soeharto, will you ask size—the completion date for the process. him to withdraw his troops and allow East The benefits will begin for America as soon Timor to pursue democratic elections?

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The President. The position of the United urge them to do and to make the best judg- States and the position that I have held since ment they can. 1991, since long before I held this office, is that the people of East Timor should have Cooperation With Republican Leaders more say over their own local affairs. I have Q. Mr. President, while you’ve been here, already spoken with President Soeharto Republicans are preparing the transition, about this in the past in our personal meet- over in the House and the Senate. As you’ve ings, and it will come up again in our discus- been monitoring their comments, what is sion tomorrow. your sense—is there going to be a big fight, or is there going to be an opportunity for Interest Rates some consensus, some cooperation? And Q. Mr. President, back on economics, the when will you invite the new Republican Federal Reserve raised interest rates five leadership to the White House for a sort of times this year, and they’re expected to do mini-summit that’s been talked about? so again today. Many critics think the Fed The President. I believe that Mr. Panetta has gone too far—to push the country is meeting with them today, as we all agreed into—— before I left. And I look forward to meeting The President. Well, of course, the pres- with them as soon as I can, as convenient sure that it’s under is because of world trad- with all of our schedules when I get back. ing and currencies. I would just like to point And as I said, I am willing to cooperate. out that the United States has produced over There are areas in which I believe we can 5 million jobs in 22 months. We have the cooperate. I have mentioned several: the lowest inflation in 29 years. We have more line-item veto, the welfare reform, continued high-wage jobs this year than in the previous reductions in the Federal Government, and 5 years. continuation of our whole reinventing Gov- So yes, it is important to keep the proper ernment initiative so that we can do more balance, to keep our currency stable, and to with less. On the middle class tax cut, I be- keep going and growing. But we are having lieve the first thing we had to do was to get investment-led growth based on highly pro- control of the deficit and to do as much as ductive workers with no inflation. So I just we could on that. We got as far as 15 million would say the important thing is to make families in 1993. We got up to $27,000 in every judgment based on what it takes to income. I would like very much to go further, keep economic growth going in the United but we mustn’t explode the deficit. We’ve got States. And I am very proud of what we have to pay for it. done, and I think we have to continue to So there are all these areas where I think pursue this course. I’m going to do what I we can work together and where I am cer- can control. tainly willing to. And that’s the spirit in which I have noticed, however, that almost any- I will go home. thing I say about this may be misinterpreted, not just here but primarily around the world. The Role of the Presidency So I’m not going to comment on it, except Q. You mentioned a few moments ago that to say, the United States has an economic this was a historic agreement. I’m wondering growth pattern that is the envy of advanced in light of this meeting and the other meet- nations of the world. We’re growing at a ings you’ve had over—it’s not perhaps begin- healthy rate. We have literally the lowest in- ning to seem to you that perhaps foreign af- flation in 29 years. And finally, we’re creating fairs and foreign trade is really the essence some high-wage jobs after years and years of the modern Presidency, more so than do- and years of stagnant wages for American mestic and especially in light of what you’re working people. looking ahead to in the next few years. So I’m going to do everything I can to keep The President. Well, first of all, I think that recovery going. And I believe that the that the Presidency is certainly more than members of the Fed will do their best to making laws. And the Congress has to pass keep the recovery going. That’s what I would laws. And I’ve always thought that.

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But let me emphasize to you that I do not need is a sense that there are certain basic believe that I could be here doing what I values of citizenship, including valuing the am doing today if we hadn’t taken vigorous right of people to have and express their action to bring the deficit down and if we faith, which can be advocated without cross- hadn’t passed the NAFTA agreement in ing the line of the separation of church and Congress and if we hadn’t also already taken state and without in any way undermining strong steps to try to protect and promote the fabric of our society. Indeed, the schools, the interests of ordinary Americans, includ- perhaps today more than ever before, need ing the family leave law, the crime bill, and to be the instrument by which we transfer things that address our problems at home. important values of citizenship. I see these things as two sides of the same One of the things that was in the Elemen- coin. I don’t believe we can be strong in the tary and Secondary Education Act that I world, I don’t believe we can secure the fu- signed, that passed with strong bipartisan ture for our working people unless we have support, but was little noticed, was the advo- good policies at home and good policies cacy of basically the teaching of civic values abroad. I think that strong families and good in the schools. education systems and better paying jobs and Now, on the school prayer thing, I can only safe streets and expanding trade and being tell you what my personal opinion is about free from the threat of nuclear war, I think that. I have always supported voluntary pray- these are two sides of the same coin. er in the schools. I have always thought that So, to me, I have to do them both. I will the question was, when does voluntary prayer say this, there have been more opportunities really become coercive to people who have and more responsibilities in this particular different religious views from those that are year than even I could have foreseen when in the majority in any particular classroom? I ran for President even last year. A lot of So that, for example, I personally did not be- the work that we have been doing came to lieve that it was coercive to have a prayer fruition this year, particularly in the Middle at an outdoor sporting event or at a gradua- East peace talks, in the Partnership For tion event because I don’t believe that is co- Peace and what we are doing in Europe, and ercive to people who don’t participate in it. of course in Asia in expanding economic ac- So I think there is room for that. tivities. Obviously, I want to reserve judgment. I I think that more and more the job of the want to see the specifics. But I think this modern President will involve relating with whole values debate will go forward and will the rest of the world because we are in an intensify in the next year. And again, I would interdependent world. Whether we like it or say, this ought to be something that unites not, money and management and technology the American people, not something that di- are mobile, and the world is interdependent. vides us. This ought not to be a partisan de- And we have to make sure Americans do well bate. The American people do not want us in that kind of world. And we have the— to be partisan, but they do want us to proceed the President has a special responsibility in a way that is consistent with their values there. and that communicates those values to our children. School Prayer So let’s just—I’ll be glad to discuss it with Q. President Clinton, one of the other them. I want to see what the details are. I things the Republicans talked about yester- certainly wouldn’t rule it out. It depends on day in your press conference was the idea what it says. that they would propose a constitutional amendment to restore prayer to public Cooperation With Republican Leaders schools. Is that something that you would Q. Mr. President, have you had time to support? Do you think the country needs reflect on the elections results, specifically, that? what happened? And while we’ve been here, The President. Well, what I think the Congressman Gingrich, among his quotes, country needs and what I think the schools ‘‘This is time to be open to dramatic, bold

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changes.’’ That’s what you ran on, and I’m years. Even though the American people wondering if you’ll take any new attitude with seem to perceive it as very contentious, the you to Washington after some time off. truth is that it was, as you know, only the The President. Well, first of all, we gave third Congress since World War II when a the American people a lot of changes. And Congress adopted more than 80 percent of the changes we gave them required tough the measures a President recommended. So decisions. And if we now are going to have I think we’ll just have to see. a partnership for further bold changes, noth- What I need to be guided by is not the ing could make me happier. But we reduced past but a devotion to America’s future, to the deficit more than any time in history. We making America stronger, to making the fu- did it for 3 years in a row for the first time ture of working people stronger, to the kinds since President Truman. We have reduced of things that I have worked for. And I will the Federal Government by 70,000. We’re do my best to do that with the facts as they taking it down to its smallest size since Presi- develop. And I’m looking forward to it. dent Kennedy. We have deregulated major parts of the American economy. We have given States the ability to get out from under Foreign Policy Federal rules to promote welfare reform, health care reform, education reform. We Q. Mr. President, in mentioning the spe- are making dramatic changes. cial responsibility of a President in foreign I would like to have a bipartisan partner- affairs, do you see any limits on your own ship to go further. There are some things we personal ability to continue being a personal didn’t get done last time that I would like diplomat, and do you intend to continue the to see done. We ought to be able to have growing pace of travel? a bipartisan welfare reform bill. I ask only The President. Well, as I said, I think that that the same spirit exists there that I exhib- we have had a series of unusual opportunities ited when I was a Democratic Governor in and responsibilities this year: getting the 1988, I reached out my hand in partnership Partnership For Peace off, getting the nu- to the Reagan administration and to the Re- clear agreement between Russia and Ukraine publicans and Democrats in Congress. which led to no Russian missiles being point- There are a lot of things we can do to- ed at the United States for the first time since gether, and I already mentioned several of the dawn of the nuclear age, pursuing the them. So I’m very hopeful. And we do need Middle East peace and my meeting with a lot more changes, and we can do them to- President Asad in Geneva, and then the 3 gether if we are determined to put America days I spent in the Middle East. And then, first and not put partisanship first. of course, we had the 50th anniversary of Q. Mr. President, as you look to the next World War II. So these things—there were 2 years of your term and the changed political some unusual things which required a great realities of Washington, is there some pre- deal of time this year. vious President that you look to as a sort of I think every President from now on for model on how you’re going to proceed? The President. I don’t think so. I don’t the foreseeable future will be required to think that there’s an exact historical analogy. participate in the building of an architecture I think there are some obvious similarities, which promotes peace and prosperity and se- but they all break down. curity for the American people and is increas- I have read, since I’ve been President, ingly involved in the rest of the world. But even though I had read widely about our I expect that the lion’s share of my work will Presidents before I took office, I’ve read a continue to be done at home, and I will con- number of biographies, histories of the ad- tinue to do it. I don’t think anyone could say ministrations of many Presidents. I have seen I had a less than ambitious domestic agenda times when the usual pattern between a this year and didn’t pursue it with great vigor. President and Congress was, in fact, more So I think you will just have to—we’ll have contentious than the one we had the last 2 to do both from now on.

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Asian-Pacific Trade Agreement automobile exports to Mexico in one year. Q. Mr. President, the report reaching us Our exports to Mexico increased by 19 per- is that China and South Korea do not have cent, about almost 3 times what our overall to meet the free trade objective until 2020. exports went up since NAFTA passed. Does this give these countries an unfair ad- NAFTA has been a job winner for the United vantage in your opinion, and what will you States, and basically the jobs we’re gaining do to address it? in are upper income jobs. So if NAFTA is The President. First of all, whether China the test, it should make us want more of and South Korea have to meet this objective these things. by 2020 or 2010 depends upon their own rate The second point I’d like to make is that of growth. That is, there was no definition when we started APEC—keep in mind the today of industrialized countries that ex- atmosphere that was existing in Seattle last cluded them in 2010. Indeed, I think most year. When we started APEC, what was the of the people who were in that room today worry? The worry was that the world would thought that, given South Korea’s growth, be developing into three huge trade blocs: they might well meet that and, in fact, might the European Union; the United States, Can- be expected to meet it before 2010 and that ada, Mexico, Central, South America and the the Chinese could meet it, depending on Caribbean; and Asia, and that Asia was the whether they’re able to sustain a certain level fastest growing region in the world, that trade of growth. among the Asian nations was going up but Secondly, let me emphasize that while the people were afraid we would be shut out of agreement provides for two different times that market. for the parties to be willing and able to get So if everything we do has some equiva- rid of all their trade barriers, we assume an lency to it, that is, if there is no unilateral equivalence of treatment among all the coun- give-up by the United States, what we are tries so that even if, let’s say, China or some doing in this agreement is opening the fastest other country, Thailand—any country, you growing market in the world. Look at—just name it—doesn’t have to go down all the way take this country we’re in, Indonesia. They until 2020, their relationship with the other are growing at a phenomenal rate and have countries involved, including the advanced been for quite some time now. Their capacity countries, will be dictated still by an equiva- to purchase, to engage, to trade, and for lency. There will be no unilateral give-ups; themselves to compete and win in the global there will be a negotiated downward move- economy is increasing every day. ment in the barriers among all parties. So what I would say is, we could never So I think this is very good. This simply walk away from the Asian market; we should recognizes that under the best of cir- be walking toward it in terms that are fair. cumstances, some nations may be so far away And that’s what I think we’re doing. in economic disparities, they may not be able to get there by 2020. There is nothing in Foreign Policy those two times that disadvantages, let’s say, Q. Mr. President, how can you prevent the Japan or Canada, not to mention the United Republicans from blocking foreign policy ini- States. tiatives you might want to pass, such as the Q. Mr. President, given the tough fight operations—the administration seems in- that you had over NAFTA and the nervous- creasingly comfortable in multilateral oper- ness over GATT, how can you convince ations such as Haiti; potential U.S. involve- Americans they will benefit from free trade ment in a future Bosnia peace enforcement with Asia, especially when there is such a big operation; potential U.S. commitment to gap with some countries on workers’ wages peacekeeping in the Golan. How are you and rights? going to prevent the Republicans from block- The President. I would say—I would ing you in that area? make two arguments. First of all, look at the The President. Well, historically, the Re- fight we had over NAFTA, and look at the publicans have favored a strong American results. We had a 500 percent increase in foreign policy and a robust one. And most

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of what I have been able to do as President 5 years the time deadline they imposed on has enjoyed bipartisan support. And when themselves for taking all the barriers away. the same of the things that have not enjoyed So if you look at the experience of their Republican support, it also generated signifi- conduct, if you look at the conviction by cant Democratic support. I had bipartisan which they express this commitment, and if opposition to some of the things I have you look at it, in very cold terms, their own sought to do in foreign policy. self-interest in wanting to do more in the rest I believe that with careful and honest and of the world, I think all those things should open consultations, that in critical matters to be very encouraging in terms of having you our national security, we will be able to put think that it’s more likely than not that it will the interest of the United States first. That occur. is certainly the challenge that we must all face. Foreign Policy The Congress and the President have had Q. Mr. President, your administration is tensions between them on foreign policy for in the process of changing its policy or devel- a very long time now when both parties were oping its policy on expanding NATO and in different positions. I don’t expect that to strengthening CSCE. Will you be going to go away. And we are creating a new world the CSCE summit in Budapest? And when in which there are new questions to be asked you look at your foreign travel, your past for- and answered. There’s been controversy in eign travel, in recent weeks you’ve gone to foreign policy directions in the last 2 years. the Middle East; you spent several days here; I don’t expect that to go away. But I do think you’re going to be hosting the Summit of the on the really pivotal matters we’ll be able to Americas; you have an ambitious foreign achieve the kind of bipartisan or perhaps agenda next year. Are you becoming, in es- even a nonpartisan consensus to do what’s sence, a foreign policy President? right for the country. That will be my goal. The President. Well, let me answer both questions. First of all, I plan to make a very— Asian-Pacific Trade Agreement a brief but I think quite critical trip to the Q. Mr. President, this may be historic, but CSCE. I decided to do it after having com- a lot of this is often nonbinding—the APEC munications with both Chancellor Kohl and accord. And a year ago, this forum was boy- President Yeltsin and looking at what is at cotted by one member. What gives you any stake there in terms of the future of Euro- confidence that this kind of deal will not fall pean security. After all, the United States apart at some point in the future? And what played a strong leadership role in the Part- should the U.S. do to try to avoid that? nership For Peace and encouraging the The President. I would say there are two growth of the European Union and Euro- things that give me confidence that it will pean security arrangements. not fall apart. One is that it is in the interest What I have sought to do is to create a of the Asian countries because they have de- stronger Europe that was more independent cided that they want expanded trade in an but also more closely allied with us and one open world trading system, not in closed that at least created the possibility that there trading blocs. The second is the constant re- would not be another dividing line in Europe affirmation of commitment to this by the just moved a few hundred miles east. We Asian leaders themselves. have a big stake in that. So I will go quickly Finally, I would say we have some historic and come back quickly, but I think I should evidence that should give us some encour- go. agement. On a smaller scale, look at the Secondly, on the question of foreign policy ASEAN agreement, the regional trade agree- versus domestic, let me say, if you look at ment where they promised that they would what happened, in the last 2 years, we had break down trade barriers among themselves. only the third Congress in the history of— And it was all voluntary, but they met and since World War II which gave a President they worked on it and they laid out a plat- more than 80 percent of his domestic initia- form. And they just recently shortened by tives as well as the foreign policy initiatives,

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including sweeping education reform, the exchanges, in terms of the transparency of family leave law, the Brady bill, the crime your trade laws, in terms of your whole ap- bill, and a number of other very important proach to the international economy. There issues. are four basic commitments that all 123— So I have no intention of withdrawing from I think the number is—people who have the domestic field. But we had an unusual agreed to be founding members of GATT number of responsibilities this year, an un- have agreed to do. usual number of opportunities. And Ameri- So the United States position is that China cans are both more prosperous and more se- ought to be in GATT, ought to be a founding cure because of these efforts. And they will member of GATT. They’re a very big coun- be more so in the future. So if I were to try; they ought to be a part of this. It’s in give up one in favor of the other, I would our interest to do it because it will open more be doing a disservice to the American people. Chinese markets to American products. But I have to try to pursue both courses. every country that has agreed to be a found- It’s been somewhat more busy on the for- ing member, even the poorest countries, eign front than I could have anticipated in even the smallest countries, have agreed to the last few months because of the unusual these four basic criteria. And we believe that developments. anyone who goes in as a founding member should do the same. World Trade Q. Mr. President, you mentioned GATT Q. Mr. President, it looks like you’ve made as your top priority when you get back from some concessions on letting them come in this trip. How troubling is it to you that Sen- in 2020 and 2010. China also wants to join ator Dole is clearly not on board on this, and GATT and some other world trade organiza- how are you going to address the problems tions. If they want to join and be held to of the sort of populist conservative criticisms a lesser standard than the major industrial of WTO is somehow eliminating sovereignty? nations—China’s the third largest economy The President. Well, it’s not just the pop- in the world. What is your position on letting ulist conservatives, there are also some popu- China into these world trade organizations? list liberals who aren’t sure about it. Will you give then a break on this, or will Just before I left, when I called on Senator you insist that they be held to the same stand- Dole and we had our conversation, he said ard as the industrial nations? that he thought that we could work it out, The President. Let me answer the first that we could have some language which question. First of all, I will say again, whether would make it clear that our sovereignty was a country is an industrialized country or a intact, that would not violate the GATT developing country as of 2010 is a question agreement. And I believe that, so I think of fact that cannot be answered now. There that’s what we’ll do. I think he’s trying in are some we can be pretty sure will be still good faith to get that done based on his rep- industrializing, still developing; some we can resentation to me, and we certainly are. And be certain will be developed; others we’re that is our objective. not sure. There was no concession given be- That’s an understandable concern when cause there must be equivalency in the re- people first hear about this. You know, they duction of trade barriers, a fairness on both want to be reassured that we’re not giving sides. But as a practical matter, it will take up the ability to run our own affairs. So we’re developing countries longer to get down to working on it, and I think we’ll resolve it. zero, even if they have great incentives to do so in dealing with other countries. The Economy Now, on the GATT. To be a founding Q. Mr. President, you’ve mentioned here member of GATT, whether you are a devel- several times your achievements and your oping country or an industrialized country, record with Congress and the things you’ve without regard to your status, you must agree gotten done. But as you know, one of the to observe three or four basic commitments big problems you face politically is that the in terms of the way you handle your financial American people don’t believe their lives

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have changed as a result of the things that they hear things on a daily basis that are so have been done. contentious and so conflicting and so kind Now, here you have another long-term of clouding of the atmosphere that it’s hard agreement; it’s going to take place over the to think about that. next generation. And while it may be very My job is to try to keep lifting the sights beneficial to the country, how are you going of the country above that and keep looking to convince Americans that this is going to at the long run. The credit will have to either affect their lives, and how are you going to come or not, but that’s not as important as do it within the next 2 years before you have trying to do the right thing. to face the voters? I think I ought to take a question or two The President. Well, I think there were from the Indonesian press. two issues there. One is, as you know, there Q. Mr. President—— were a lot of Americans who did not know The President. Go ahead, and then I’ll a lot of the things that had been done. And take this lady first and then you, sir. it is my job to do my best to make sure people know that. Then there is the inevitable fact Asian-Pacific Economic Agreement that there is a time lag between when you Q. Mr. President—[inaudible]. pass any law or take any executive action and The President. That the media is? it can be manifest in the lives of Americans. Q. ——media is so—[inaudible]. You know, one of the problems with the The President. First of all, if I might— nature of the economy today, from the point her question was sort of related to your ques- of view of the average American working tion. Your question is, how do we know that family, is that even if more jobs are coming this is going to happen, implying that maybe into the economy, people may not feel more these folks aren’t serious. Her question, in personal job security; even if the economy a way, is the same question from a different is growing with low inflation, people may not point of view. If there is no institutionalized get a raise. Most Americans, wage earners, mechanism, how do we know that it will go particularly hourly earners, have not had an on when those of us who are here aren’t here increase in real income, that is, above infla- anymore? tion, in quite some time now. And I have to tell you that I think the criti- These are conditions that I am working cal question is, will the leaders themselves hard to remedy. There are only two or three continue to meet personally every year, even ways to remedy them. You have to change when it is inconvenient for them to do so? the job mix and get more high-wage jobs, Like now, you know—[laughter]—will they you have to increase the skill level of the continue to do that? Will they continue to work force so people can take those jobs, and meet, even when it is inconvenient for them you have to get enterprise and investment to do so? And secondly, will they make some into isolated areas, that is, pockets of the specific, concrete progress every time they inner cities, pockets of the rural areas which meet? have been left behind. These things may re- So, for example—I feel very good about quire long-term solutions. this. This is potentially, I think, a very historic It is my job to do what is best for the declaration. But next year, if we don’t adopt American people in the future. I’ll do my the blueprint, I’d say that’s not a good sign. best to get credit for it, but the most impor- If we do adopt a blueprint, that is a very tant thing is that I do the right thing. And good sign. So that is my test. you know, if I can find a way to get credit Now, let me say, on the question of the for it, I’ll be very happy. But the most impor- media being, if you will, dominated by the tant thing is that I do the right thing. And first world, I think you should be encouraged I think that as time goes on—most Americans that, for example, in many of our major news say, if you ask them, ‘‘Do you want us to outlets, there is enormous attention given have a long-term vision, do you want us to now, much more than previously, not just to have a long-term strategy, do you want us foreign policy concerns that affect the devel- to look at that?’’ they’ll say yes. And then oping world and not just the largest powers

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that dominated the cold war debate, number economies do not determine history. Often one. Number two, there are now more spe- politics determine history. How do you har- cific outlets, particularly CNN, for example, monize this normalization trend with inter- that has a whole separate channel dealing national politics, Mr. President? Thank you with global affairs which gives more and very much. more attention to the developing world. I’ll The President. Well, first let me say, I get in a lot of trouble with all of the other definitely agree that the investment the networks now. [Laughter] United States has made in times past in inter- But I think—look at all these people here national educational exchanges and bringing from all the American outlets. I can’t speak people to our country to attend our univer- for BBC or the French television network sities and our colleges and sending our young or the German network. But every major people abroad to attend school in other coun- American media outlet, just about, sent tries has been a very, very important thing. someone to Indonesia, which was, as you It is true that there has been some reduc- know, originally the leader of the nonaligned tion in Federal support for such programs, movement in the United Nations. Every per- which I very much regret, but it is a function son who is here now has a little different un- of the fact that we quadrupled the national derstanding of the problems and the promise debt of America from 1981 to 1993, that in of this country, the other countries here rep- a 12-year period we exploded our debt, our resented at APEC. Government deficit was high, and we started I think you have to be a little patient with having to cut back on a lot of investments, us, too. We are learning more about the rest including things that we wanted to do. of the world beyond our borders and beyond I will say that most of our major univer- our previous habits of encounter. And I think sities now, particularly a lot of our State uni- the more we do that, the more you will see versities, are investing much more of their a broader coverage of world affairs right money and their effort in trying to recruit across the board. students from around the world and to pro- Q. I watch you every day on CNN, Mr. mote these sort of educational exchanges. President, but now you are real. Thank you And what I would need to do before I could very much for being here. make a final judgment is to see what the total Let me introduce myself, chief editor of effort is in our country. But we should be the Economic and Business Review of Indo- doing more of it. nesia. I have two questions, Mr. President. So I feel very strongly about that. Now, First of all, do you agree with me that edu- what was the second question you asked? cation, in fact, has been the best investment Yes, yes, the economy and politics. Let me of the United States in Indonesia? Because just say about that, I believe that the business you have so many economists and people in of politics is, not completely but in large high position and in key strategic positions measure, to give the maximum opportunity who graduated from the United States. I, my- for the positive economic forces in the world self, am a product of George Washington to succeed within each country or within University. It so happens I’m chairman of the each—in my case, within each of our States U.S. Alumni Association. within our country. That is not the whole Somehow, the U.S. effort in this, United business, but that is a major part of the busi- States effort in encouraging and developing ness. So a lot of what we try to do in the education, of providing scholarships for In- United States is to think about the good donesians to the United States has been less things that are happening in our country and today than some years back. In fact, edu- in the world and what we can do to accelerate cation for the armed forces has been cur- them and then to think about the problems, tailed. What is your view on this, Mr. Presi- the roadblocks, the obstacles, and what we dent? can do to eliminate them so that we try to The second question is, while liberalization harmonize those things. and normalization seems to have been the Very often when politics can mess up eco- trademark of APEC, you know yourself that nomics, it’s because it becomes obsessed with

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some other goal which is destructive of the NOTE: The President’s 81st news conference human spirit. Politics should be more than began at 7:10 p.m. at the Jakarta Hilton. In his economics—I talked about human rights remarks, he referred to Tarmizi Taher, Minister here today—but it should be very heedful of Religious Affairs of Indonesia. A reporter re- of making those good things happen through ferred to President Carlos Salinas of Mexico and the economic system. South Korean Minister of Trade, Industry and En- ergy Kim Chol-su as candidates for Secretary I’ll take this lady’s question, the last one. General, World Trade Organization. A tape was WTO and President’s Visit to Istiqlal not available for verification of the content of this Q. Thank you, Mr. President. Who will the news conference. United States appoint for the job of Secretary General of the WTO, Salinas—or Kim? And my other question, while Indonesians are APEC Economic Leaders’ very proud that a Christian, my Christian Declaration of Common Resolve, uncle built Istiqlal Mosque, I find it difficult Bogor, Indonesia to explain to my leaders why the President November 15, 1994 of the United States took his time to visit the mosque. Thank you, Mr. President. 1. We, the economic leaders of APEC, The President. Let me answer the second came together in Bogor, Indonesia today to question first. I went to the mosque because, chart the future course of our economic co- first of all, I wanted to see it. It’s a massive operation which will enhance the prospects and impressive and important structure. Sec- of an accelerated, balanced and equitable ondly, because Indonesia is a predominantly economic growth not only in the Asia Pacific Muslim country that has a very vibrant region but throughout the world as well. Catholic, Protestant, Hindu, and Buddhist 2. A year ago on Blake Island in Seattle, heritage and active religions today in all those USA, we recognized that our diverse econo- areas. And the Minister of Religious Affairs mies are becoming more interdependent and here made available some time for me to go are moving toward a community of Asia Pa- to the mosque, to talk with him about what cific economies. We have issued a vision was going on there, and to explain to me per- statement in which we pledged: sonally how these various religions had come —to find cooperative solutions to the chal- into this country and how they operated today within the country together, without lenges of our rapidly changing regional undermining or conflicting one with the and global economy; other. —to support an expanding world economy Finally, I have tried to do a lot as I have and an open multilateral trading system; traveled the world—and I did this when I —to continue to reduce barriers to trade was in Jordan, speaking to the Jordanian Par- and investment to enable goods, services liament—to say to the American people and and capital to flow freely among our to the West generally that even though we economies; have had problems with terrorism coming —to ensure that our people share the ben- out of the Middle East, it is not inherently efits of economic growth, improve edu- related to Islam, not to the religion, not to cation and training, link our economies the culture. And the tradition of Islam in In- through advances in telecommunication donesia, I think, makes that point very and transportation, and use our re- graphically. It’s something our people in sources sustainably. America need to know; it’s something people 3. We set our vision for the community in the West, throughout the West, need to of Asia Pacific economies based on a recogni- know. tion of the growing interdependence of our With regard to the World Trade Organiza- economically diverse region, which com- tion, I will have an announcement about that prises developed, newly industrializing and in the next couple of days. You won’t have developing economies. The Asia Pacific in- to wait long. dustrialized economies will provide opportu- Thank you very much. nities for developing economies to increase

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further their economic growth and their level have the effect of increasing levels of protec- of development. At the same time developing tion. economies will strive to maintain high growth We call for the successful launching of the rates with the aim of attaining the level of World Trade Organization (WTO). Full and prosperity now enjoyed by the newly indus- active participation in and support of the trializing economies. The approach will be WTO by all APEC economies is key to our coherent and comprehensive, embracing the ability to lead the way in strengthening the three pillars of sustainable growth, equitable multilateral trading system. We call on all development and national stability. The nar- non-APEC members of the WTO to work rowing gap in the stages of development together with APEC economies toward fur- among the Asia Pacific economies will bene- ther multilateral liberalization. fit all members and promote the attainment 6. With respect to our objective of enhanc- of Asia Pacific economic progress as a whole. ing trade and investment in Asia Pacific, we 4. As we approach the twenty-first century, agree to adopt the long-term goal of free and APEC needs to reinforce economic coopera- open trade and investment in Asia Pacific. tion in the Asia Pacific region on the basis This goal will be pursued promptly by further of equal partnership, shared responsibility, reducing barriers to trade and investment mutual respect, common interest, and com- and by promoting the free flow of goods, mon benefit, with the objective of APEC services and capital among our economies. leading the way in: We will achieve this goal in a GATT-consist- —strengthening the open multilateral ent manner and believe our actions will be trading system; a powerful impetus for further liberalization —enhancing trade and investment liberal- at the multilateral level to which we remain ization in Asia Pacific; and fully committed. —intensifying Asia Pacific development We further agree to announce our com- cooperation. mitment to complete the achievement of our 5. As the foundation of our market-driven goal of free and open trade and investment economic growth has been the open multilat- in Asia Pacific no later than the year 2020. eral trading system, it is fitting that APEC The pace of implementation will take into builds on the momentum generated by the account the differing levels of economic de- outcome of the Uruguay Round of Multilat- velopment among APEC economies, with eral Trade Negotiations and takes the lead the industrialized economies achieving the in strengthening the open multilateral trad- goal of free and open trade and investment ing system. no later than the year 2010 and developing We are pleased to note the significant con- economies no later than the year 2020. tribution APEC made in bringing about a We wish to emphasize our strong opposi- successful conclusion of the Uruguay Round. tion to the creation of an inward-looking We agree to carry out our Uruguay Round trading bloc that would divert from the pur- commitments fully and without delay and call suit of global free trade. We are determined on all participants in the Uruguay Round to to pursue free and open trade and invest- do the same. ment in Asia Pacific in a manner that will To strengthen the open multilateral trad- encourage and strengthen trade and invest- ing system we decide to accelerate the imple- ment liberalization in the world as a whole. mentation of our Uruguay Round commit- Thus, the out come of trade and investment ments and to undertake work aimed at deep- liberalization in Asia Pacific will not only be ening and broadening the out come of the the actual reduction of barriers among APEC Uruguay Round. We also agree to commit economies but also between APEC econo- ourselves to our continuing process of unilat- mies and non-APEC economies. In this re- eral trade and investment liberalization. As spect we will give particular attention to our evidence of our commitment to the open trade with non-APEC developing countries multilateral trading system we further agree to ensure that they will also benefit from our to a standstill under which we will endeavour trade and investment liberalisation, in con- to refrain from using measures which would formity with GATT/WTO provisions.

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7. To complement and support this sub- aim of contributing to sustainable develop- stantial process of liberalisation, we decide ment. to expand and accelerate APEC’s trade and Economic growth and development of the investment facilitation programs. This will Asia Pacific region has mainly been market- promote further the flow of goods, services driven, based on the growing interlinkages and capital among APEC economies by between our business sectors in the region eliminating administrative and other impedi- to support Asia Pacific economic coopera- ments to trade and investment. tion. Recognizing the role of the business We emphasize the importance of trade fa- sector in economic development, we agree cilitation because trade liberalization efforts to integrate the business sector in our pro- alone are insufficient to generate trade ex- grams and to create an ongoing mechanism pansion. Efforts at facilitating trade are im- for that purpose. portant if the benefits of trade are to be truly 9. In order to facilitate and accelerate our enjoyed by both business and consumers. cooperation, we agree that APEC economies Trade facilitation has also a pertinent role in that are ready to initiate and implement a furthering our goal of achieving the fullest cooperative arrangement may proceed to do liberalization within the global context. so while those that are not yet ready to par- In particular we ask our ministers and offi- ticipate may join at a later date. cials to submit proposals on APEC arrange- Trade and other economic disputes among ments on customs, standards, investment APEC economies have negative implications principles and administrative barriers to mar- for the implementation of agreed cooperative ket access. arrangements as well as for the spirit of co- To facilitate regional investment flows and operation. To assist in resolving such disputes to strengthen APEC’s dialogue on economic and in avoiding its recurrence, we agree to policy issues, we agree to continue the valu- examine the possibility of a voluntary consult- able consultations on economic growth strat- ative dispute mediation service, to supple- egies, regional capital flows and other macro- ment the WTO dispute settlement mecha- economic issues. nism, which should continue to be the pri- 8. Our objective to intensify development mary channel for resolving disputes. cooperation among the community of Asia 10. Our goal is an ambitious one. But we Pacific economies will enable us to develop are determined to demonstrate APEC’s lead- more effectively the human and natural re- ership in fostering further global trade and sources of the Asia Pacific region so as to investment liberalization. Our goal entails a attain sustainable growth and equitable de- multiple year effort. We will start our con- velopment of APEC economies, while reduc- certed liberalization process from the very ing economic disparities among them, and date of this statement. improving the economic and social well- We direct our ministers and officials to im- being of our peoples. Such efforts will also mediately begin preparing detailed proposals facilitate the growth of trade and investment for implementing our present decisions. The in the Asia Pacific region. proposals are to be submitted soon to the Cooperative programs in this area cover APEC economic leaders for their consider- expanded human resource development ation and subsequent decisions. Such propos- (such as education and training and espe- als should also address all impediments to cially improving management and technical achieving our goal. We ask ministers and offi- skills), the development of APEC study cen- cials to give serious consideration in their de- tres, cooperation in science and technology liberations to the important recommenda- (including technology transfer), measures tions contained in the reports of the Eminent aimed at promoting small and medium scale Persons Group and the Pacific Business enterprises and steps to improve economic Forum. infrastructure, such as energy, transpor- 11. We express our appreciation for the tation, information, telecommunications and important and thoughtful recommendations tourism. Effective cooperation will also be contained in the reports of the Eminent Per- developed on environmental issues, with the sons Groups and the Pacific Business Forum.

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The reports will be used as valuable points Memorandum on Serbia and of reference in formulating policies in the Montenegro cooperative framework of the community of Asia Pacific economies. We agree to ask the November 15, 1994 two groups to continue with their activities to provide the APEC economic leaders with Presidential Determination No. 95–5 assessments of the progress of APEC and further recommendations for stepping up our cooperation. Memorandum for the Secretary of State, We also ask the Eminent Persons Group the Secretary of the Treasury and the Pacific Business Forum to review the interrelationships between APEC and the ex- isting sub-regional arrangements (AFTA, Subject: Drawdown of Commodities and ANZERTA and NAFTA) and to examine Services from the Inventory and Resources possible options to prevent obstacles to each of the Department of the Treasury to other and to promote consistency in their re- Support Sanctions Enforcement Efforts lations. Against Serbia and Montenegro Pursuant to the authority vested in me by section 552(c)(2) of the Foreign Assistance NOTE: The joint statement was made available by the Office of the Press Secretary but was not Act of 1961, as amended, 22 U.S.C. issued as a White House press release. 2348a(c)(2) (the ‘‘Act’’), I hereby determine that: (1) as a result of an unforeseen emer- gency, the provision of assistance under Nomination for Commissioner of the Chapter 6 of Part II of the Act in Social Security Administration amounts in excess of funds otherwise available for such assistance is important November 15, 1994 to the national interests of the United States; and The President today announced his inten- (2) such unforeseen emergency requires tion to nominate Shirley S. Chater, Ph.D., the immediate provision of assistance the current Commissioner of Social Security, under Chapter 6 of Part II of the Act. to head the Social Security Administration when it becomes an independent agency next I therefore direct the drawdown of com- year. modities and services from the inventory and ‘‘In the year since she was sworn in as the resources of the Department of the Treasury current Commissioner, Dr. Chater has taken of an aggregate value not to exceed $3 million decisive steps to improve service to Ameri- to support the international Serbia and Mon- cans with disabilities, to streamline the agen- tenegro sanctions program enforcement ef- cy and make it more efficient, and to enact forts. high customer service standards for the more The Secretary of State is authorized and than 49 million Americans who receive Social directed to report this determination to the Security or Supplemental Security Income Congress and to arrange for its publication benefits,’’ the President said. ‘‘I can think of in the Federal Register. no better person to protect and maintain the administration’s commitment to Social Secu- William J. Clinton rity.’’

NOTE: A biography of the nominee was made NOTE: This memorandum was released by the Of- available by the Office of the Press Secretary. fice of the Press Secretary on November 16.

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Remarks to the International The third thing we’re working to do is to Business Community in Jakarta develop a system of lifelong learning for our people, from expanding preschool programs November 16, 1994 like Head Start to providing more affordable college education to our people, to changing Thank you very much, Secretary Brown, the whole unemployment system in America for the introduction and for your tireless to a continuous retraining system for people work on behalf of American businesses and who must find new jobs in a rapidly changing American workers. Thank you, Mr. McNabb, global economy. for your testimonial, and congratulations. I Lastly, we’re trying to change the way our want to come back to northern California and Government works. Secretary Brown talked see you after you’ve doubled your work force. about it a little bit. There was, I think, a per- Congressman Mineta, it’s great to see you ception among American businesses when here. Ambassador and Mrs. Barry, distin- we took office that both parties, historically, guished ministers of the Indonesian Govern- were wrong in their approach to business, ment, and the mayor of Jakarta, and all of looking to the future, not to the past; that our fine hosts from Indonesia who have made the Democratic Party sometimes tended to this such a wonderful visit for me and for see the relationship between business and the First Lady and the entire American dele- Government as adversarial, and the Repub- gation. This is my second trip to Asia as Presi- lican Party sometimes seemed to be philo- dent, and as I was watching Secretary Brown sophically committed to being inactive on the give his remarks, I thought if I keep coming theory that anything the Government did back here I might become as well-known in with the private sector would probably make Asia as Secretary Brown is. [Laughter] things worse. I want to thank all of you here from the In a world in which all economics is global, American private sector who are in the audi- as well as local, clearly the important thing ence for your presence, but more impor- is partnership, efficiency, and good judg- tantly, for your commitment to keep our Na- ment. We have deregulated our banking and tion engaged economically across the world. interstate trucking industries. We have Keeping America on the front lines of eco- changed our whole way of purchasing things nomic opportunity has been my first priority in the Government. We have invested more since I took office. We are pursuing a strat- in defense conversion and new technologies, egy to promote aggressive growth in the short in partnerships with the private sectors. We run and in the long run. We began by putting have deregulated our relationships with our our house in order. Our deficit was explod- own local governments, permitting States to ing; the public debt in America had quad- pursue their own reforms in health care and rupled between 1981 and 1993. Now we’re education and, most importantly, in changing looking at a reduction in the deficit for the our welfare system. third year in a row for the first time since But perhaps over the long run the most President Truman was President. Federal significant thing we have done is to reorga- spending is the lowest it’s been in more than nize the way we relate to the private sector, a decade. We cut domestic and defense requiring all of our departments to work to- spending last year for the first time in 25 gether and to look outward in partnership. years. And the Federal work force is shrink- The key to making this strategy work is eras- ing to its lowest level since President Ken- ing the dividing line between domestic and nedy was in office. foreign economics, between, therefore, do- The second thing we are doing is working mestic and foreign policy. hard to expand trade and investment. That’s So far, I think, we’re off to a pretty good what NAFTA was all about; that’s what the start. Now the figures for the first 22 months GATT agreement is all about, what the Sum- are in. We have over 5 million new jobs in mit of the Americas, soon to be held in our economy. Our industrial capacity is oper- Miami, and obviously this wonderful APEC ating at its highest level in 14 years, with our meeting are all about. lowest rate of inflation for 29 years. And after

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years and years in which we weren’t seeing GATT agreement. And so it wasn’t very long any increased income among our working before we got a GATT agreement. But now people, this year we have more high-wage that the leaders have agreed on it, the legisla- jobs coming into the American economy than tive bodies of all these nations must adopt in the previous 5 years combined. [Applause] it. And the world is looking to the United Now, that’s worth clapping for. States for leadership here, as well they But the success of this ultimately rests on should. what our private sector does, on the produc- We’ve had opposition to GATT in our tivity of our workers, the skill of our manage- Congress from members of both parties. But ment, our continuing commitment to invest- we’ve also had strong bipartisan support. So ment, to technologies, to enterprise, and to I say that I am going home to seek to capital- outreach. That’s why we have pursued from ize on that bipartisan support, to ask the the beginning a vigorous export strategy, a Democrats to support GATT, and to invite strategy rooted in tearing down trade barriers the new Republican leaders in Congress to that deny our people the opportunity to com- ratify one of their great predecessors, Senator pete and in actively promoting the sales of Vandenberg’s admonition that partisanship American goods and services in other na- should stop at the water’s edge. That used tions. to apply to national security defined in mili- We have especially tried to target, thanks tary terms. Today, it applies to national secu- in large measure to Secretary Brown, not just rity defined in economic terms. We must our traditional markets but the big emerging pass the GATT, and we should do it right markets, the markets of the 21st century, away. places like China and Indonesia, Mexico and For five decades after the Second World Brazil. In a departure from the behavior of War, our presence in Asia was intended to previous administrations of both parties, we help guarantee security and to allow prosper- have unashamedly been an active partner in ity to take root. In meetings this week I re- helping our business enterprises to win con- affirmed the United States commitment to tracts abroad. strengthen our important bilateral security I know that many of you in this audience relationships, to bolster regional alliances in have already benefited from the coordinated security, and to rapidly implement the very and vigorous efforts of the Commerce, State, important agreement we have reached with Treasury Departments, the Export-Import North Korea for that nation to become a non- Bank, the Overseas Private Investment Cor- nuclear nation. All these things will make this poration, the Trade and Development Agen- region more secure and, therefore, enable cy. One of the things I most enjoy now when more prosperity to take root. I go abroad is I always try to take a little I have tried to make it clear to all the lead- time to meet with American business people ers of Asia that the United States will honor operating in other countries. And repeatedly its commitments to Asian security. But it’s they tell me that, for the first time ever, they also a fact, and a healthy one, that the balance see an American State Department inter- of our relationship with Asia has tilted more ested in economic advancement as well as and more toward trade. As a result of the diplomatic progress. All these things are im- efforts of the Asian people, the Asian econo- portant. I have to say to all of you that the mies are clearly the most dynamic and rap- most important thing we have to do this year idly growing on Earth. Already they account is to go home and get the Congress to pass for one-quarter of the world’s output. Over the GATT agreement. the next 5 years the growth rate in Asia is When the APEC leaders met in Seattle projected to be over 50 percent higher than last year for the first time, and President the growth rate in the mature economies of Soeharto came there along with leaders from the G–7 countries. 14 other countries, one of the things we did This means expanding markets to those at APEC was to let the rest of the world know who have the most attractive products and that we weren’t going to sit around while they services. Increasingly, we like to believe decided whether we were going to have a those products and services are American.

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One-third of our exports already go to Asia, by 2020 may sound like a long time to most supporting more than 2 million American people, and in our country, most of our teen- jobs. Over the next decade, we estimate that agers think tomorrow is a long time away. if we are vigorous and effective, Asia could But the truth is that, number one, it’s not add more than 1.8 million jobs to the Amer- so far away, and number two, that is the end ican economy, jobs that pay on average 13 date. We will begin reducing barriers to trade percent above nonexport-related jobs. That and investment as soon as all of the parties is a very important thing for us, and an im- to APEC agree on a blueprint and agree to portant thing for every American to think implement it. I am profoundly encouraged about. These facts compel us to remain ever by this prospect. more committed to deeper and deeper and Yesterday I got an interesting question deeper economic, political, and security en- from the American press which I might have gagement in Asia. gotten from American business people, who For decades, we concentrated our efforts say, well—they said, ‘‘Mr. President, this is on Europe and, of course, on Japan. These not a mandatory agreement. How do you nations will remain our close allies, our key know it will be carried through?’’ Good ques- competitors, our critical trading partners. But tion. I said, ‘‘I believe it will happen for two this new century we’re about to enter com- reasons. Number one, it is in the interests pels a new strategy. Indonesia, Thailand, of all the countries involved to do it. And China, India, among others, must be a big number two, I have seen it work in this re- part of that strategy. gion.’’ ASEAN, after all, committed to re- The importance of Asia to our future is duce barriers to trade by a date certain, and what has animated the intense interest of the the commitment was so strong that the lead- United States in the APEC meetings. APEC, ers reduced the date certain by 5 years. They for me and for our country, is a long-term moved the calendar closer. That can happen commitment. A year ago, as I said, 14 of the here as well. I hope it will. It will be good APEC leaders met for the first time in the for all the nations involved if it does. United States in Seattle. We wanted to say Our industries and businesses have proved to our trading partners and friends in Asia that they can compete in this region and with that the United States wants to remain en- Asian companies as long as they are allowed gaged. We want the Pacific Ocean to unite to do so in a fair way. We have regained our us, not to divide us. We want to see the world position throughout the world as the leading growing in an open trading system, not seller of semiconductors. This year, for the breaking up into various trading blocs op- first time in 15 years, American automobile posed to one another. We sought to give this manufacturers have outsold their Japanese incredibly diverse Asian-Pacific region a competitors in the world markets. We have common identity rooted in a common pur- done things that I think are very important pose, committed to free trade and invest- for the future in the changes we’ve made to ment. become more competitive in computers and This week at the summit, thanks in large in telecommunications. According to a recent measure to the leadership of President survey that’s conducted every year by the Soeharto, we began to transform that vision world economic forum in Geneva, the United into a reality. We established concrete goals States was voted for the first time in 9 years to reduce barriers to trade and investment the world’s most competitive economy. throughout this region by a date certain. And That’s thanks in no small measure to a lot we are now committed, next year in our of you and a lot of American workers back meeting in Osaka, to come up with a prac- home and some pretty wrenching and dif- tical, day-to-day blueprint for achieving that ficult and painful changes we had to under- goal, to simplify customs procedures, har- take. monize standards, identify other bottlenecks, In the 6 months from March to August lower tariff and nontariff barriers. of this year, our companies won 34 major This commitment to achieve free trade contracts in Asia, from turbine generators in and investment in the Asian-Pacific region China to waste incinerator technology in Tai-

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wan. These contracts alone will generate $5.3 leaders have made their commitment to this billion in U.S. exports, supporting 85,000 goal. It is very, very exciting. jobs back home. And this week alone, as you Let me also say that I’m very often asked know, American companies signed contracts by our press, and sometimes by the global in the Philippines, Malaysia, here in Indo- press as I travel around the world, whether nesia for everything from fiber optic phone or not our pursuit of economic engagement networks to environmentally friendly geo- undermines our commitment to human thermal plants. rights throughout the world. And I have said Secretary Brown was just at the signing many times and I will say again, I think it ceremony. As he said, we had projects worth supports our commitment to human rights over $40 billion. I know that there is increas- throughout the world. In every private meet- ing wealth in Indonesia and throughout Asia, ing I have with leaders, not only in this region but where I come from, $40 billion is still but around the world, we talk about human real money, and we’re grateful for the busi- rights issues and the other values, the things ness. that make up the quality of life in any nation, Of course, as the American President, the things that are important to Americans from most important thing to me is that these con- all walks of life. tracts will support jobs, thousands of them, We do not seek to impose our vision of back home from every place from German- the world on others. Indeed, we continue to town, Maryland, to Oakland, California; from struggle with our own inequities and our own Evandale, Ohio, to Plantation, Florida. shortcomings. We recognize that in a world For all these successes, if we’re going to and in a region of such diverse and disparate keep going, we have to recognize that there cultures, where nations are at different stages are still some barriers. Let me just cite two of development, no single model for organiz- examples—and that’s why this APEC agree- ing society is possible or even desirable. And ment is so important. By the year 2000, the we respect the tremendous efforts being market for automobiles in Indonesia, Malay- made throughout this region to meet the sia, Thailand, and the Philippines will be basic needs of people in all these countries. equal to—I believe will exceed—today’s mar- At the same time, we remain convinced ket in Canada, in Mexico combined—com- that strengthening the ties of trade among bined. Now, even after GATT takes effect, nations can help to break down chains of re- tariffs in these nations on U.S. cars are be- pression, that as societies become more open tween 30 and 60 percent, as opposed to a economically, they also become more open 2.5 percent tariff already in existence in the politically. It becomes in no one’s interest to United States. That makes it harder to sell depress the legitimate aspirations and ener- a Ford in Bangkok than it is to sell a Honda gies, the hopes, the dreams, and the voices in Los Angeles. of the many people who make up all of our Let me give you another example. The nations. Commerce does tend to open more Asian APEC countries plan to invest more closed societies. Throughout this region, we than $1 trillion in infrastructure projects over will see as markets expand, as information the next 6 years. For those of you here from flows, as contacts across borders and among California who know that our busiest high- people multiply, the roots of open societies ways are in southern California, that’s like will grow and strengthen and contribute to rebuilding 15 Santa Monica freeways every stability, not instability. More nations will single day. Here again, tariffs imposed even learn that the freer and more educated peo- after GATT include 25 percent levies on hy- ple are, the more they are able to be creative draulic turbines, up to 15 percent tolls on and to change with the fast-changing winds steel. These are things that the American of the global economy. Japan, Taiwan, and companies are eager to take down so that South Korea have all demonstrated this to we can take part in the emerging adventure an admirable degree. of Asia. We in the United States also believe, how- The bottom line is that if we’re going to ever, that some basic rights are universal, that have freer trade, it must be fairer. The APEC everywhere people aspire to be treated with

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dignity, to give voice to their opinions, to breathtaking, recently unimaginable prospect have a say in choosing their leaders. We per- of peace in the Middle East, the home of mit it on a regular basis in the United States, the three great monotheistic religions of the even when we don’t like the results. [Laugh- world, including Islam, which is followed by ter] And these aspirations are part of human the vast majority of the people in this fine nature. We see it in the stunning life story country. of President Kim of South Korea or the cou- This is a remarkable time. And I am con- rageous dissidents like Wei-Jing Sheng in vinced that the increasing freedom of eco- China or Aung San Suu Kyi. We see it in nomic activity, rooted in your commitment the lives of these people. to invest, your commitment to risk, your Our Nation has sacrificed many of our sons commitment to think and imagine and visual- and daughters for the cause of freedom ize what you might do and to mobilize human around the world in this century. So we are resources in this cause is an absolutely pivotal moved and we will continue to be moved by part of continuing the march of freedom. the struggle for basic rights. But I will say So I ask you as we leave this remarkable again, even though we will continue to pro- meeting to recommit yourselves to fulfilling mote human rights with conviction and with- the human potential of your enterprise and out apology, we reject the notion that in- all those whom you touch. For when the his- creasing economic ties in trade and partner- tory of this era is written, it will be written ships undermine our human rights agenda. in those terms. These changes, at bottom, are We believe they advance together and that good because we are permitting, sometimes they must. slowly, often rapidly, more and more and At a time when our Nation is strong, in more and more people to fulfill the potential a time when our inspiration has permeated that has lain within them. across the world and people from South Afri- Thank you, and bless you all. ca to Northern Ireland have asked us to help them in their struggle for democracy and NOTE: The President spoke at 3:05 p.m. at the freedom, we cannot turn away from that Jakarta Convention Center. In his remarks, he re- cause, and we will not. But your work and ferred to Thomas McNabb, president, Aquatics Unlimited; Ambassador Robert L. Barry and his your progress and your success is also central wife, Peggy; and Gov. Surjadi Soedirja of Jakarta. to that cause. A tape was not available for verification of the We live in amazing times. It was only 5 content of these remarks. years ago this month that the Berlin Wall fell, an amazing thing. Look at what has hap- pened to the world in the last 5 years. For Proclamation 6757—National Farm- the first time since the dawn of the nuclear City Week, 1994 age, no Russian missiles are pointed at the November 16, 1994 children of the United States. For the first time since the end of World War II, there By the President of the United States are no Russian soldiers in Eastern or Central of America Europe. And even though we have dif- ferences with our friends in Russia from time A Proclamation to time, we are working in genuine partner- Agricultural industries, from farming itself ship across a whole range of areas that once to the retail selling of farm products, con- would have been unthinkable. stitute the largest sector of the American After hundreds of years of fighting, the economy and account for 16 percent of the Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ire- U.S. gross domestic product. Our Nation’s land are working hard to resolve their dif- food and fiber industry has had an immeas- ferences. We do see now the prospect that urable impact on America’s culture, lifestyle, the nuclear threat will fade from the Korean and tradition. As we enjoy the benefits of Peninsula. We see a new determination for another rich harvest, it is important that we freedom in the Persian Gulf, which we are pay tribute to production agriculture as a proud to support, and the historic, almost central aspect of American life. That is why,

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since 1956, National Farm-City Week has ninety-four, and of the Independence of the been celebrated in the busy time just before United States of America the two hundred and including Thanksgiving Day. and nineteenth. Americans are blessed with an abundance William J. Clinton of wholesome and economical food and fiber, but we often do not fully appreciate the com- [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, plexity of food production. Today, our Na- 11:22 a.m., November 17, 1994] tion’s farm-to-market system uses technically NOTE: This proclamation was published in the advanced tools that enable our farmers to Federal Register on November 18. feed and clothe 260 million Americans and millions more overseas each year. From Alaska to New York, from Hawaii Remarks to the Military Community to the southern tip of Florida, American at Hickam Air Force Base farms yield a remarkable variety of crops. in Honolulu, Hawaii These products bring economic stability to November 16, 1994 farm families and rural communities, who in turn work to implement the latest conserva- Thank you so much. It’s good to be home. tion measures to safeguard and improve the Thank you. Admiral Macke, General environment for the generations to come. Kealoha, Senator Akaka, Congresswoman America’s farmers are helped by countless Mink, Congressman Abercrombie, Governor other professionals who advertise, develop, and Mrs. Waihee, to Governor-elect forecast, inspect, market, purchase, regulate, Cayetano and Lieutenant Governor-elect report, research, and transport value-added Hirono, and Mayor Harris. Hillary and I and food and fiber throughout the country and our distinguished Secretary of Commerce, around the world. This farm-city connection Ron Brown, we’re all very glad to be here and these millions of individuals provide 1 with all of you. in every 6 jobs in the United States, assisting I want to say a special word of thanks and and enhancing the efforts of our 2 million appreciation to the service members and the farmers every day. spouses, the families of the Army, the Navy, It is fitting that we reflect on the impor- the Air Force, the Marine Corps, the Coast tance and strength of agriculture in our soci- Guard, all of you stationed here in Hawaii. ety. The interdependency between the farm And I’d like to say a special word of thanks and city forms a solid, vital link connecting to the Marine Corps Band for making me agricultural producers and professionals of all feel so very at home when I got off the air- kinds. It allows the United States to maintain plane. Thank you. its leadership role as a source for both raw I’m glad to be back at Hickam. I want all and value-added goods around the world. of you to know that while you’re a long way Now, Therefore, I, William J. Clinton, from the mainland, you’re never far from the President of the United States of America, hearts of every American who understands by virtue of the authority vested in me by what you’re doing here to keep our country the Constitution and laws of the United safe and strong. I thank all of you for that. States, do hereby proclaim the week of No- As you know, I have just returned from vember 18 through November 24, 1994, as a trip to Asia, a trip that began on Veterans ‘‘National Farm-City Week.’’ Day at Arlington National Cemetery, where I encourage all Americans, on our farms on behalf of the American people I was able and in our cities alike, to recognize the ac- to express our gratitude for those who paid complishments of our farmers and of all the ultimate sacrifice to keep our Nation those who work together to produce the free. I then stopped at our airbase in Alaska. abundance of agricultural foods and fibers It was rather different than here. [Laughter] that strengthen and enrich the United States. It was about 23 degrees. The snow was al- In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set ready knee-deep and coming down, but it my hand this sixteenth day of November, in was very warm. And the men and women the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and there in uniform are also doing a very impor-

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tant job for America. And I went to Manila to your role in deterring Iraq. I appreciate in the Philippines to honor those who fought all of that. I know well that the success of in World War II. our diplomatic efforts depends in large meas- It has been an immensely rewarding time ure on our military strength. It is imperative for me to serve as the President and Com- that you remain the best fighting force in the mander in Chief. Just a few days ago I was world. And we are determined to do every- in the Persian Gulf with our forces there who thing we can to make sure that that is exactly got there so quickly and stopped the aggres- what happens. sion of Saddam Hussein before it ever got Let me say, too, that all of you know, even started, thanks to the United States. though your role as workers might be in our So to all of you here and all of your coun- national defense, that the world of America terparts around the world, I say the world at home is changing, too, in ways that are knows that the skills of our fighting men and both good and troubling. We’ve had prob- women have never been higher. Your capac- lems in our system that are profound: 60 per- ity to carry out our missions has never been cent of American wage earners are earning greater. Your commitment to liberty has the same or less today that they were earning never been stronger. The world is more 15 years ago when you adjust for inflation. peaceful and secure because of you. And the We know that this has been especially hard most important thing I came here to say to- on working men with limited educations. We night is thank you. know that our country still has rates of crime, You know, the world is changing pro- violence, and family and community break- foundly. There are still threats out there, and down that are too high and unacceptable. We they are significant, threats of proliferation know that a lot of people have a deep sense of weapons of mass destruction, threats of that our Government, except for you, in terrorism, the growing international drug which they have confidence, only works for trade, and the rise of international organized organized special interests and is too often crime in the wake of communism’s fall. unable to protect the interests or the values But if you really look around the world, you’d have to say that security, peace, and of the ordinary Americans. The deep concern freedom are on the march, that all these chil- and frustration of our people about these dren here today holding their American flags conditions led to the changes they voted for will in all probability grow up in a world in both 1992 and in 1994. where they will have less fear than their par- But just because the Congress changed ents and their grandparents faced because of hands, I think I can say for these Members you. of Congress here behind me, we don’t think If you look at what’s happened from the the message of the American people is, ‘‘We Persian Gulf and the Middle East to north want more gridlock. We want an enhanced Africa and Northern Ireland and South Afri- role for organized interests over ordinary citi- ca to Haiti, if you look at the fact that in zens, which is what always happens when we North Korea—with North Korea we just con- have gridlock.’’ I think what the American cluded an agreement to make certain that people said is, ‘‘You’ve got to keep working that nation becomes a nonnuclear nation, not together until you change this enough to selling nuclear materials to others, if you look make it right, until you turn the difficult at the agreement we reached with China to trends around, until America is going in the stop the proliferation of missiles, and if you right direction at home as well as abroad.’’ look at the fact that in Russia for the first And I can tell you that I am committed to time since nuclear weapons came on the face doing that. of the Earth, there are no Russian missiles If you look at what makes a strong country, pointed at American children, you’d have to it’s a lot of what makes a strong military: say we’re on the move. strong families, good schools, safe streets, Our forces in the Pacific are at this mo- good-paying jobs, the kind of things that al- ment undertaking critical missions from Haiti lows people to live up to the fullest of their to the Sinai, from joint exercises with Japan God-given potential.

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We’ve made a beginning on that, and the world. A lot of the reasons a lot of Ameri- we’ve got to keep going. We’ve got more cans have trouble getting pay increases is be- jobs, a smaller deficit, a smaller National cause of the pressure of the global economy Government doing more for the American and competition from people who work for people than we had 2 years ago, thanks to wages that Americans couldn’t live on. That’s Senator Akaka and Senator Inouye, Con- been developing for 20 years now. gressman Abercrombie and Congresswoman We have to make a choice, whether we’re Mink, and a lot of other people who helped. going to embrace these changes and make We’ve taken some stands for strong fami- them work for us or try to run away from lies. The family and medical leave law will them. One thing I want to say in Hawaii, help about 200,000 people in this State to that is on the frontier of America militarily keep their jobs if they have to take a little and economically, is that you know that glob- time off when there’s a baby born or a sick al change can be our friend. The reason I parent. That’s something good the Govern- want to Asia is because whether we like it ment did to stand up for strong families, and or not, the Asian economies are going to be we ought to be proud of that. a big part of the world’s future. They are They worked for better education when the fastest growing economies in the world. we reorganized the student loan law so that A third of our exports already go to Asia, sup- now all over America middle class working porting 2 million American jobs today. families can have their children borrow Now, we have to decide—I believe as money to go to college at lower interest rates strongly as I can say that just as your military and better repayment terms so that no one strength permits America to have diplomatic need ever walk away from a college edu- strength, so that national security is both cation because of the cost again. military and diplomatic, national security is And even though there was great con- also being strong at home as well as being troversy about it in the election, I know that strong abroad. And there is no longer a clear Lee will be able to make our streets safer dividing line between what is foreign policy because we passed the Brady bill and the and what is domestic policy, not when crime bill and we’re putting more police offi- everybody’s job depends on whether we can cers on the street and in getting military as- compete in a global economy. sault weapons off the street. You should have If we educate our people well, that’s good them, not people walking up and down the foreign policy. If we raise our kids well, that’s streets of our cities. strong national security. And if we can sell And we now have this economy over the more American products abroad, then that last 22 months more than 5 million new jobs. means better jobs at home. That’s good do- Our industries are operating at the highest mestic policy. If we do not accept any other capacity in 14 years. We have the lowest in- lesson in this calendar year, let us say there flation in 29 years. And finally—slowly, slow- is no easy dividing line between our role in ly—we are beginning to see trends which the world and our role at home. We must may indicate that people will begin to get be strong at home and strong abroad. They wage increases again. This year, there have are two sides of the same coin. been more high-wage jobs come into the And so, let me say that I went to Indonesia, American economy than in the last 5 years a long way from America, because I thought combined. We have to build on these it was good for Americans, because we made changes, not tear them down. There is still an agreement in Indonesia that we would by a lot of change that needs to be done to re- a date certain take down all the barriers to ward people who get up every day, care for trade and investment in all the countries of their families, obey the law, do the best they the Asian-Pacific region that were there. And can to be good citizens. We have to keep that is a big deal, because we already have that momentum going. the most open markets in the world. So if You know, let me just say one other thing. others lower their markets, it means more In Hawaii, a lot of the problems we face sales for Americans, more jobs, and higher today are because of big, sweeping trends in incomes.

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The United States this year at the world 1. There have been no amendments to the economic forum in Switzerland was voted the Iranian Transactions Regulations, 31 CFR most productive economy in the world for Part 560, or to the Iranian Assets Control the very first time in 9 long years—9 years. Regulations, 31 CFR Part 535, since the last We are coming back. We need a fair chance report. to sell America’s products and services 2. The Office of Foreign Assets Control around the world, just as we can promote (FAC) of the Department of the Treasury America’s ideals and values around the continues to process applications for import world. And that’s what this trip was all about. licenses under the Iranian Transactions Reg- That’s what my work is all about. ulations. However, a substantial majority of And without regard to our party, let us such applications are determined to be ineli- agree, there’s no easy line between our role gible for licensing and, consequently, are de- in the world and our role at home. We can’t nied. be strong abroad if we’re not strong at home. During the reporting period, the U.S. Cus- We’ll never be strong at home if we withdraw toms Service has continued to effect numer- from our responsibilities around the world. ous seizures of Iranian-origin merchandise, What really makes us strong is strong fami- primarily carpets, for violation of the import lies, good education, safe streets, good jobs, prohibitions of the Iranian Transactions Reg- and national security. You, as much as any ulations. The FAC and Customs Service in- group in America today, embody all those, vestigations of these violations have resulted and all Americans are in your gratitude. in forfeiture actions and the imposition of Thank you, and God bless you all. civil monetary penalties. Additional forfeit- ure and civil penalty actions are under re- NOTE: The President spoke at 7:05 p.m. In his view. remarks, he referred to Adm. Richard C. Macke, 3. The Iran-United States Claims Tribunal USN, Commander in Chief, U.S. Pacific Com- (the ‘‘Tribunal’’), established at The Hague mand; Brig. Gen. Dwight M. Kealoha, USAF, pursuant to the Algiers Accords, continues Base Commander; and Mayor Jeremy Harris of to make progress in arbitrating the claims be- Honolulu. A tape was not available for verification fore it. Since my last report, the Tribunal has of the content of these remarks. rendered 6 awards, bringing the total num- ber to 557. Of this total, 373 have been awards in favor of American claimants. Two Letter to Congressional Leaders on hundred twenty-five of these were awards on Iran agreed terms, authorizing and approving pay- November 18, 1994 ment of settlements negotiated by the par- ties, and 150 were decisions adjudicated on Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. President:) the merits. The Tribunal has issued 38 deci- I hereby report to the Congress on devel- sions dismissing claims on the merits and 85 opments since the last Presidential report on decisions dismissing claims for jurisdictional May 14, 1994, concerning the national emer- reasons. Of the 59 remaining awards, 3 ap- gency with respect to Iran that was declared proved the withdrawal of cases and 56 were in Executive Order No. 12170 of November in favor of Iranian claimants. As of October 14, 1979, and matters relating to Executive 18, 1994, the Federal Reserve Bank of New Order No. 12613 of October 29, 1987. This York reported that the value of awards to suc- report is submitted pursuant to section cessful American claimants from the Security 204(c) of the International Emergency Eco- Account held by the NV Settlement Bank nomic Powers Act, 50 U.S.C. 1703(c), and stood at $2,353,030,872.61. section 505(c) of the International Security The Security Account has fallen below the and Development Cooperation Act of 1985, required balance of $500 million almost 50 22 U.S.C. 2349aa–9(c). This report covers times. Until October 1992, Iran periodically events through October 18, 1994. My last re- replenished the account, as required by the port, dated May 14, 1994, covered events Algiers Accords. This was accomplished first through March 31, 1994. by transfers from the separate account held

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by the NV Settlement Bank in which interest In August, the United States filed a Pro- on the Security Account is deposited. The duction Request in Case B/1, a case in which aggregate amount transferred from the Inter- Iran alleges the United States is liable for est Account to the Security Account was termination costs and the nondelivery of $874,472,986.47. Iran then replenished the goods and services under contracts through account with the proceeds from the sale of the Foreign Military Sales (FMS) program. Iranian-origin oil imported into the United The United States is seeking the return of States, pursuant to transactions licensed on FMS documents that remained in U.S. mili- a case-by-case basis by FAC. Iran has not, tary offices in Iran after the Revolution. however, replenished the account since the 6. United States arbitrator Howard last oil sale deposit on October 8, 1992, al- Holtzmann, one of the original members of though the balance fell below $500 million the Tribunal, resigned July 31, 1994, after on November 5, 1992. As of October 18, 13 years of service. To replace him, the 1994, the total amount in the Security Ac- United States appointed Charles T. Duncan, count was $203,349,297.01 and the total who assumed his duties on August 1, 1994. amount in the Interest Account was Until his appointment, Mr. Duncan was Sen- $20,160,414.78. ior Counsel to the law firm of Reid & Priest. The United States continues to pursue 7. As anticipated by the May 13, 1990, Case A/28, filed last year, to require Iran to agreement settling the claims of U.S. nation- meet its financial obligations under the Al- als against Iran for less than $250,000, the giers Accords to replenish the Security Ac- Foreign Claims Settlement Commission count. (FCSC) has continued its review of 3,112 claims. As of October 18, 1994, the FCSC 4. Since my last report, the Tribunal has has issued decisions in 3,066 claims, for total issued two significant awards in favor of U.S. awards of more than $68 million. The FCSC citizens who are dual nationals, for their re- expects to complete its adjudication of the spective shares of corporations expropriated remaining claims this year. by Iran. The Tribunal awarded members of 8. The situation reviewed above continues the Khosrowshahi family $2,484,746.31 plus to implicate important diplomatic, financial, interest. The Tribunal awarded members of and legal interests of the United States and the Ebrahimi family $5,265,697.00 plus in- its nationals and presents an unusual chal- terest. lenge to the national security and foreign pol- 5. The Department of State continues to icy of the United States. The Iranian Assets present United States Government claims Control Regulations issued pursuant to Exec- against Iran, in coordination with concerned utive Order No. 12170 continue to play an government agencies, and to respond to important role in structuring our relationship claims brought against the United States by with Iran and in enabling the United States Iran. In July 1994, the United States filed to implement properly the Algiers Accords. a new case, Number A/29, seeking to compel Similarly, the Iranian Transactions Regula- Iran to make its payments for Tribunal ex- tions issued pursuant to Executive Order No. penses in a timely manner. Over the past 2 12613 continue to advance important objec- years, Iran has failed repeatedly to make its tives in combatting international terrorism. payments for extended periods of time, until I shall continue to exercise the powers at my pressed by the United States in Cases A/28 disposal to deal with these problems and will and A/29. continue to report periodically to the Con- The United States also recently filed its gress on significant developments. Rejoinders in, respectively, Case A/15 (I:D and I:H), a claim brought by Iran for the Sincerely, return of certain amounts held in U.S. banks, William J. Clinton and Case A/27, a claim brought by Iran for the alleged failure of the United States to NOTE: Identical letters were sent to Thomas S. enforce a Tribunal award in its favor against Foley, Speaker of the House of Representatives, a U.S. national. and Albert Gore, Jr., President of the Senate.

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Digest of Other In the evening, the President attended an White House Announcements APEC leaders dinner at the Jakarta Conven- tion Center. Following the dinner, he met with President Kim of South Korea and The following list includes the President’s public Prime Minister Murayama of Japan. schedule and other items of general interest an- The President announced his intention to nounced by the Office of the Press Secretary and appoint Bonnie Prouty Castrey and Mary not included elsewhere in this issue. Jacksteit to the Federal Service Impasses Panel. 1 November 10 The President announced his intention to The President announced his intention to appoint Benjamin F. Montoya and Richard appoint David H. Swinton, Adele Simmons, H. Truly as members of the Board of Visitors Bobby Charles Simpson, and Chang-Lin of the U.S. Naval Academy. Tien to the National Commission for Em- ployment Policy. November 15 November 11 In the morning, the President went to In the morning, the President and Hillary Bogor, Indonesia, where he attended meet- Clinton traveled to Anchorage, AK. In the ings with APEC leaders at the Istana Bogor. evening, they traveled to Manila, Philippines. Following a luncheon in the afternoon, the November 12 President continued his meetings with APEC In the evening, the President and Hillary leaders at the Istana Bogor. Clinton arrived in Manila, Philippines. November 16 November 13 In the morning, the President met with In the morning, following an arrival cere- President Soeharto of Indonesia at the Istana mony at the Malacanang Palace, the Presi- Merdeka and then participated in a wreath- dent and Hillary Clinton participated in a laying ceremony at the Kalibata National He- wreath-laying ceremony at the Rizal Monu- roes Cemetery. ment. Later in the morning, they were given a tour of Corregidor Island. In the afternoon, the President met with In the afternoon, the President and Hillary a group of American business people at the Clinton toured Malacanang Palace before at- Jakarta Convention Center. tending a state luncheon in the Ceremonial In the evening, the President and Hillary Room. Clinton attended a state dinner hosted by In the evening, the President and Hillary President Soeharto at the Istana Negara. Fol- Clinton traveled to Jakarta, Indonesia. lowing the dinner, they traveled to Oahu, HI.

November 14 November 17 In the morning, the President met with In the evening, the President attended the President Jiang Zemin of China in the Sum- Children’s Discovery Center benefit and mit Room at the Jakarta Convention Center. tribute to Gov. John Waihee at the Hilton Following the meeting, the President visited Hawaiian Village in Kailua, HI. the Istiqlal Mosque. He then went to the U.S. Ambassador’s residence where he met with Prime Minister Tomiichi Murayama of Japan. In the afternoon, the President attended a working lunch with Prime Minister Paul Nominations Keating of Australia. He then met with Presi- Submitted to the Senate dent Kim Yong-sam of South Korea.

1 This announcement was not received in time NOTE: No nominations were submitted to the for inclusion in the appropriate issue. Senate during the period covered by this issue.

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Checklist of State Christopher’s activities at the APEC of White House Press Releases ministerial meeting Released November 13 The following list contains releases of the Office of the Press Secretary that are neither printed as Transcript of remarks by the First Lady at items nor covered by entries in the Digest of breakfast with Philippine NGO representa- Other White House Announcements. tives in Manila Released November 16 Released November 10 1 Background material on U.S.-Indonesian Transcript of a press briefing by National commercial transactions AIDS Policy Director Patsy Fleming Released November 11 Released November 17 Transcript of a press briefing by Secretary Statement by Press Secretary Dee Dee of State Warren Christopher and Chinese Myers on Ukraine’s vote to accede to the Nu- Foreign Minister Qian Qichen on their meet- clear Non-Proliferation Treaty ing at the APEC ministerial meeting Transcript of press briefing by Deputy Sec- retary of State for Public Affairs Michael McCurry, Assistant Secretary of State for Acts Approved East Asian and Pacific Affairs Winston Lord, by the President and U.S. Ambassador to the People’s Repub- lic of China J. Stapleton Roy on Secretary NOTE: No acts approved by the President were 1 This release was not received in time for inclu- received by the Office of the Federal Register sion in the appropriate issue. during the period covered by this issue.

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