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Historia Vol. 15 Eastern Illinois University Department of History Eastern Illinois University The Keep Historia Publications Spring 2006 Historia Vol. 15 Eastern Illinois University Department of History Follow this and additional works at: http://thekeep.eiu.edu/historia Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Eastern Illinois University Department of History, "Historia Vol. 15" (2006). Historia. 13. http://thekeep.eiu.edu/historia/13 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Publications at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Historia by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. \lollli'\E 15 1:006 A JOOINAL \T ll1E ~ t\u C!tArrut f111 All'!tA THElA AND ll1E tAsTIJI\IIwNas liNootsrrY ll!sTCX(Y Lmw 1'\00 HISTORIA Letter from the Editors A PUBLICATION OF THE EPSILON MU CHAPTER We are proud to present the 15th edition of Historia, a journal OF entirely written and edited by students of the Epsilon Mu Chapter of Phi Alpha Theta and the Eastern Illinois University’s history PHI ALPHA THETA department. Historia received a record number of submissions this AND THE year, leading to difficult decisions in what proved to be an arduous EASTERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY selection process. These papers represent some of the very best DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY student writing of the past year. The selection process was long and difficult. Every editor read all sixty five submissions and voted on every paper. The process, VOLUME 15 (2006) although long, helped to ensure that the best papers were selected. This year we had a wide range of selections, including papers on the Irish Famine and the Irish Rebellion; theories of slavery in the United Editors: States, including the idea of paternalism and an analysis of the slave clause during the Constitutional Convention; constitutional issues, Matthew Burke including in Britain with both the problem of the abdication of Margaret Hawkins Edward VIII and the abolition of capital punishment, and the issue of Ashley Tomlinson eugenics in the United States during the early twentieth century; the problem of war atrocities during World War II, including the practice Editorial Board: of Nazism and the issue of the Korean comfort women in Japan. Also included in this year’s Historia are an analysis of the lack of action by Paul Apodaca the United States during the Rwandan genocide and a student Robyn Carswell movement in Tlatelolco, Mexico; an examination of the shift from Caroline Deters cotton to wool underwear in Britain; the role of the Cherokee in the David Dvorak Civil War; the relationships between women and food on the Overland Chris Morrison Trail; and the influence of Machiavelli on Ivan IV. We are particularly grateful to Dr. Walter L. Arnstein, Professor Emeritus of History at Cassandra Murray the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, for allowing us to Margaret Rohman print his plenary talk at the Regional Conference of Phi Alpha Theta, which was held this year At Eastern Illinois University. Faculty Advisor: This journal was completed with the assistance of many people. Dr. Michael Shirley First and foremost, we owe a debt of gratitude to our faculty advisor Dr. Michael Shirley. Without his guidance and sense of humor, this journal would not have been completed. We would like to thank all the authors who submitted papers this year. For those whose papers were not selected for publication, we encourage you to submit again next year. We would also like to thank Ms. Donna Nichols and the history faculty for their assistance and support. Finally, we thank the alumni, for without them, Historia’s audience is sorely diminished. All of these people are a factor in the continued success of Historia, and we sincerely thank them. -The Editors i ii TABLE OF CONTENTS THE CHEROKEE NATION AND THE CIVIL WAR 117 VOLUME 15 Wade Ellett BUCK v. BELL 125 HISTORY: A MATTER OF HONOR 1 Ryan D’Arcy Professor Walter L. Arnstein THE IRISH FAMINE: A HISTORIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW 133 CONSTITUTIONAL CONSTRAINTS: 7 Lori Henderson LIMITATIONS THAT LED TO ABDICATION Amanda Terrell THE EASTER RISING AND THE FALL TO FREEDOM 141 Margaret Hawkins CAPITAL PUNISHMENT IN GREAT BRITAIN: 20 THEORIES CONCERNING ABOLITION NAZISM AND THE GERMAN PEOPLE: 152 Ashley Tomlinson A HISTORIOGRAPHY Kevin Korst THE EXCUSE OF PATERNALISM IN THE 31 ANTEBELLUM SOUTH: IDEOLOGY OR PRACTICE? Josh Cole KOREAN COMFORT WOMEN 46 Krishna Ignalaga MASSACRE AT TLATELOLCO 52 Lauren Berggren GENOCIDE IN RWANDA 61 Meghan Houlihan FOOD AND FRIENDSHIP: MEALS AND SOCIAL 69 INTERACTION BETWEEN WOMEN ON THE OVERLAND TRAIL Rachel E. Elam A TALE OF TWO CLOTHS: THE TRANSITION FROM 80 WOOL TO COTTON UNDERGARMENTS IN ENGLAND DURING THE VICTORIAN AGE Rachael Harzinski IVAN IV: A MACHIAVELLIAN TSAR 90 Robyn E. Carswell THE SLAVERY AND THE CONSTITUTIONAL 96 CONVENTION: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES Ryan Ervin iii iv cultural, artistic, ceremonial, and ritualistic behavior and ways of HISTORY: A MATTER OF HONOR1 explaining their world that we may define as religious in some cases and as secular in others. Walter L. Arnstein Obviously no single historian can be expected to become a specialist in all these various facets of human experience in all the different centuries and on all the different continents, but historians Let me, first of all, thank Professor Shirley for his most ought to be reminded at regular intervals that, even as they plow their generous introduction. I am delighted to play a small role in this particular furrow, their furrow is part of a broader landscape that successful regional Phi Alpha Theta conference. I have taken a extends as far as the horizon. In both survey courses and more personal interest in Phi Alpha Theta for a very long time. Indeed, specialized courses, as students of the past we should retain at least Professor Shirley may have invited me to talk to you today merely in some concern with facets of that past far removed from those that we order to add chronological diversity to these proceedings. I was first may know best. initiated into Phi Alpha Theta, after all, when Harry Truman was Among the Ancient Greeks, Herodotus and Thucydides began President of the United States. to practice the trade of history two-and-a-half millennia ago, and in Now, if your first reaction is: “Who is Harry Truman?” then my 1400 the Islamic historian Ibn Khaldun declared that “History is a response is: “Look it up in a History book!” Looking things up is, discipline widely cultivated among nations and races. It is eagerly after all, one of the purposes that the study of History serves. But a sought after. The men in the street, the ordinary people, aspire to study of History serves other purposes also. As I shall try to suggest know it. Kings and leaders vie for it. Both the learned and the in the course of the next half hour, the study and the writing of ignorant are able to understand it.”2 And yet there have always been History may even be defined as a matter of honor! Admittedly, when critics who have argued that the trick cannot be done. There have you first informed your parents or other relations that you intended to been philosophers, for example, who have contended, with a surface become a History major in college, their reaction may have been less degree of plausibility, that the past cannot be recovered, however hard one of honor than one of puzzlement. And why are you doing that? we may try. "The past is a foreign country," we are told; "they do In the short run, after all, to become a History major does not teach things differently there."3 Indeed they do, and yet with effort we may you to become an engineer or a physician or an accountant or the find it possible to understand the thoughts and actions of some of CEO of a large corporation. those foreigners, even if a perfect translation lies beyond our In the short run, the study of history is more likely to competence. Yet other skeptics have contended that we are encourage us to become generalists rather than specialists. By that I permanently barred by our built-in biases and assumptions from ever mean that a historian is compelled to take some degree of interest in understanding any nationality other than our own, any social class the many different ways in which human beings both organize their other than our own, any gender other than our own, even any age world and make it understandable to themselves. Human beings are cohort other than our own. How can a militant Palestinian truly social creatures who almost always live in nuclear or extended understand the frame of mind of an Israeli, or—one might add—vice- families, and those families congregate in neighborhoods, towns, and versa? How can an ivy-covered academic possibly understand the countries. They are also political animals who organize cities and daily life of either a hereditary monarch or an agricultural laborer? states and nations that alternately send armies into the field or How can a patriarchal relic conceivably understand the mind of a negotiate treaties with one another. They are part of the economic dedicated feminist? How can an aging stuck-in-a-rut professor world as well: as consumers and as producers, as managers and possibly enter into the mindset of a college freshman? laborers and even as retirees. They also demonstrate all manner of My general answer to such skeptics is the same as the one that the eighteenth-century English sage, Dr. Samuel Johnson, applied to a dog walking on its hind legs: "One does not expect to see it done well! 1 A luncheon address presented to the Regional Conference of Phi One is surprised to see it done at all!" Because, in defiance of the Alpha Theta delivered on the campus of Eastern Illinois University on February 25, 2006.
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