DOCSLIB.ORG

Ossifying Fibroma in the Nasal Cavity of a 2-Year-Old Horse

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ossifying Fibroma in the Nasal Cavity of a 2-Year-Old Horse animals Case Report Ossifying Fibroma in the Nasal Cavity of a 2-Year-Old Horse Bernard Turek 1,* , Kamil Górski 1, Olga Drewnowska 1, Roma Buczkowska 1, Natalia Kozłowska 1,* and Rafał Sapierzy ´nski 2 1 Department of Large Animals Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; [email protected] (K.G.); [email protected] (O.D.); [email protected] (R.B.) 2 Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (B.T.); [email protected] (N.K.); Tel.: +48-604-247-640 (B.T.) Simple Summary: This article reports on the clinical features, diagnosis, and management of ossi- fying fibroma in the nasal cavity of a 2-year-old horse. Ossifying fibromas (OFs) are rare, benign, fibro-osseous neoplasms that occur more frequently in the rostral mandible of young horses (termed equine juvenile mandibular ossifying fibromas) but rarely in older horses. The occurrence of OF in young animals suggests developmental disorders or trauma as etiological factors. The local recur- rence of OFs is common if they are not completely surgically excised, but metastatic spread is unusual. The presented case remained clinically asymptomatic until the mass obliterated the whole nasal cavity, causing severe breathing difficulties. The exact mass location was revealed using diagnostic images—namely, radiographs and computed tomography (CT) images. A concurrent problem of an underdeveloped and hypoplastic last premolar tooth of the maxilla was diagnosed. Because the mass was well-demarcated, the horse underwent standing surgery to remove the mass and the tooth. Histopathological diagnosis of ossifying fibroma was confirmed. The patient recovered uneventfully Citation: Turek, B.; Górski, K.; and remained free of disease at the 2-year postoperative follow-up. Drewnowska, O.; Buczkowska, R.; Kozłowska, N.; Sapierzy´nski,R. Abstract: A 2-year-old mare of an unknown breed was referred to the clinic due to undetermined Ossifying Fibroma in the Nasal breathing difficulties. Physical examination revealed painless swelling rostral to the nasoincisive Cavity of a 2-Year-Old Horse. Animals notch and a large, firm mass protruding from the left nostril. Radiographic examination of the head 2021, 11, 317. https://doi.org/ revealed a mass occupying the left nasal cavity and a displaced and hypoplastic last premolar of the 10.3390/ani11020317 left maxilla. The CT scan showed a well-demarcated heterogeneous mass measuring 22 × 9 × 5 cm Academic Editor: Alessandro Spadari (length × height × width) in the left nasal cavity attached to the roots of the displaced tooth and Received: 23 November 2020 conchae. The surgery was performed on the standing horse. Firstly, due to the oblique position of the Accepted: 20 January 2021 displaced tooth, the extraction was performed extra-orally through the trephination and repulsion Published: 27 January 2021 of the maxillary bone. In the next step, a direct surgical approach was chosen for the caudal part of the mass via the osteotomy of the left nasal bone. The mass was bluntly separated from the conchae Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral and removed through the nostril using Fergusson forceps. The histopathological characteristics of with regard to jurisdictional claims in the mass led to the diagnosis of ossifying fibroma. The horse recovered completely in seven months, published maps and institutional affil- without recurrence after two years. iations. Keywords: tumor; ossifying fibroma; tooth; extraction; computed tomography Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. 1. Introduction This article is an open access article There are no clear-cut data on the incidence of tumors in the skeletal system in horses. distributed under the terms and Only in one paper was the rate of occurrence reported to be below 1.5% [1]. conditions of the Creative Commons Ossifying fibromas (OFs) are fibro-osseous neoplasms that most commonly occur on Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// the intramembranous bone of the skull and mandible [2] and rarely in the appendicular creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). skeleton [3]. Fibro-osseous lesions have been reported in humans [4,5] and a variety Animals 2021, 11, 317. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020317 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/animals Animals 2021, 11, 317 2 of 11 Animals 2021, 11, x 2 of 12 of domestic animals, including dogs [6], cats [7], rabbits [8], llamas [9], birds [10], and ruminantsdomestic [animals,11–13]. including dogs [6], cats [7], rabbits [8], llamas [9], birds [10], and rumi- nantsIn horses,[11–13]. ossifying fibromas usually affect the rostral part of the mandible of young animalsIn agedhorses, between ossifying 2 and fibromas 15 months usually and affect are termedthe rostral equine part juvenileof the mandible mandibular of young os- sifyinganimals fibromas aged between (EJMOFs). 2 and These 15 months lesions and may are replace termed alveolar equine andjuvenile cortical mandibular bone, cause ossi- thefying loosening fibromas of the(EJMOFs). teeth, interfere These lesions with themay mastication replace alveolar of food, and and cortical predispose bone, cause the jaw the toloosening pathological of the fractures teeth, interfere [14]. Although with the the ma causestication of OFof food, is unknown, and predispose several hypothe-the jaw to sespathological have been suggested,fractures [14]. including Although developmental the cause of disorders OF is unknown, that may several affect ossification hypotheses athave a young been agesuggested, as well including as trauma developmental [15]. Other reports disorders have that described may affect OF ossification in horse max- at a illayoung [16], paranasalage as well and as trauma sphenopalatine [15]. Other sinuses reports [17 –have19], proximaldescribed tibia OF in [20 horse], and maxilla the fourth [16], metacarpalparanasal boneand sphenopalatine [21]. sinuses [17–19], proximal tibia [20], and the fourth meta- carpalOssifying bone [21]. fibromas tend to recur if they have not been completely removed, but metastaticOssifying spread fibromas is unusual tend [ 22to ].recur The if objective they have of not the been present completely paper isremoved, to describe but themet- clinical,astatic imaging,spread is andunusual pathological [22]. The findingsobjective of of an the ossifying present paper fibroma is to in describe the nasal the cavity clinical, of aimaging, horse. and pathological findings of an ossifying fibroma in the nasal cavity of a horse. 2.2. Materials Materials and and Methods Methods 2.1.2.1. Case Case Presentation Presentation AA 2-year-old 2-year-old mare mare of of an an unknown unknown breed breed was was admitted admitted to to the the clinic clinic due due to to breathing breathing difficulties. On initial examination, the general conditions of the patient were assessed difficulties. On initial examination, the general conditions of the patient were assessed as as poor because of malnutrition, poor quality of fur, and general neglect. Breathing was poor because of malnutrition, poor quality of fur, and general neglect. Breathing was strid- stridulous, with no passage of air through the left nostril. Temperature and pulse were ulous, with no passage of air through the left nostril. Temperature and pulse were within within normal limits. A deformation was visible on the left side of the head, rostral to the normal limits. A deformation was visible on the left side of the head, rostral to the naso- nasoincisive notch. Epiphora was noted in the left eye. During a detailed examination, a incisive notch. Epiphora was noted in the left eye. During a detailed examination, a firm, firm, non-shifting mass protruding from the left nostril was found (Figure1). non-shifting mass protruding from the left nostril was found (Figure 1). Figure 1. Firm mass protruding from the left nasal cavity of a mare with breathing difficulties. Figure 1. Firm mass protruding from the left nasal cavity of a mare with breathing difficulties. 2.2.2.2. X-ray, X-ray, CT, CT, Endoscopy Endoscopy Examination Examination RadiographsRadiographs were were obtained obtained byby computedcomputed radiography (Gierth HF HF 80 80 Plus, Plus, Gierth Gierth X- X-rayray International, International, Germany, Germany, and ConsoleConsole AdvanceAdvance DR-IDDR-ID 300300 CL, CL, Fujifilm Fujifilm Corporation, Corporation, Tokyo,Japan) Japan) with an with indirect an indirect conversion conversion system system for scanning. for scanning. The leftThe latero-lateral left latero-lateral (LL) and (LL)right and 30° right dorsal–left 30◦ dorsal–left ventral oblique ventral oblique(Rt30D-LeVO) (Rt30D-LeVO) projections projections were assessed. were assessed. A well-de- A well-delineated,lineated, oval-shaped, oval-shaped, and slightly and slightly heterogeneous heterogeneous mineral mineral opacity opacity was seen was within seen within the left thenasal left nasalpassage, passage, extending extending from fromthe level the level of 208 of 208to the to thenostril nostril (Figure (Figure 2a)2 a)[23]. [ 23 Triadan]. Triadan 208 208was was displaced displaced into into the the rostral rostral aspect aspect of the of the nasal nasal cavity. cavity. The The morphology morphology of tooth of tooth 208 208 was wasabnormal, abnormal, with with markedly markedly
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Accessory Cartilages Lower Lateral Cartilage, 90 Minor Alar Cartilage, 91
    Index A ARS, 234, 236 Accessory cartilages lateral crural strut graft, 235 lower lateral cartilage, 90 tension hinge, 233 minor alar cartilage, 91 Alar rim graft (ARG), 234, 328 pyriform ligament, 91 Alar rim structure graft (ARS), 234, 236 ring, 90, 91 Alar wedge (Weir) excision, 243 shape and location, 91 AlloDerm®, 291 tripod analogy, 90 Angular artery, 23, 217 upper lateral cartilage, 89 ANS, see Anterior nasal spine (ANS) Acellular dermal matrix (ADM), 291 Anterior nasal spine (ANS), 168, 173, 176, 179, 181, 212, 213, Aesthetics 219, 248 extrinsic, 51, 214 modification, 316 intrinsic, 50, 215 relocation, 317 layer, 288, 296–298 Anterior septal angle (ASA), 112, 113 medial crus, 47 Anterior septal prominence (ASP), 144 nasal (see Nasal aesthetics) Anterior subperichondrial tunnel, 173 radix and dorsal, 114–115 Articulated alar rim graft (AARG), 235 septum, 168 Asymmetric developmental deviated nose (ADDN), 151, 154 surface, 6–11 Alar arcade, 217 Alar cartilages, 33, 41, 47 B anatomy Balanced approach, 111, 126, 152 cadaver dissections, 47 Bony cap concept, 314 columella-lobular junction, 48 Bony-cartilaginous junction, 175 columellar base, 47, 52 Bony valve, 204–205 columellar segment, 53 Bony vault, 112 footplate segment, 53, 56 bony cap, 6 position, 49 concept, 130 subunits, 48 dorsal keystone area, 118 surface aesthetics, 47 removal, 118, 136, 137 lateral crus (see Lateral crus) surgical implications, 119 medial crus (see Medial crus) caudal portion, 116 middle crus (see Middle crus) cephalic portion, 116 nasal tip surgery definition,
    [Show full text]
  • Surgical Management of Nasal Airway Obstruction
    Surgical Management of Nasal Airway Obstruction John F. Teichgraeber, MDa, Ronald P. Gruber, MDb, Neil Tanna, MD, MBAc,* KEYWORDS Nasal obstruction Nasal breathing Septal deviation Nasal valve narrowing Turbinate hypertrophy KEY POINTS The management and diagnosis of nasal airway obstruction requires an understanding of the form and function of the nose. Nasal airway obstruction can be structural, physiologic, or a combination of both. Anatomic causes of airway obstruction include septal deviation, internal nasal valve narrowing, external nasal valve collapse, and inferior turbinate hypertrophy. Thus, the management of nasal air obstruction must be selective and carefully considered. The goal of surgery is to address the deformity and not just enlarge the nasal cavity. INTRODUCTION vomer, and maxillary crest. The narrowest portion of the nose is the internal nasal valve (10–15), The management and diagnosis of nasal airway which is formed by the septum, the inferior turbi- obstruction requires an understanding of the nate, and the upper lateral cartilage. Short nasal form and function of the nose. Nasal airway bones, a narrow midnasal fold, and malposition obstruction can be structural, physiologic, or a of the alar cartilages all predispose patients to in- combination of both. Thus, the management of ternal valve incompetence. nasal airway obstruction must be selective and The lateral wall of the nose contains 3 to 4 turbi- often involves medical management. The goal of nates (inferior, middle, superior, supreme) and the surgery is to address the deformity and not just corresponding meatuses that drain the paranasal enlarge the nasal cavity. This article reviews airway sinuses. The nasolacrimal duct drains through obstruction and its treatment.
    [Show full text]
  • Deviated Septum the Shape of Your Nasal Cavity Could Be the Cause of Chronic Sinusitis
    Deviated Septum The shape of your nasal cavity could be the cause of chronic sinusitis. The nasal septum is the wall dividing the nasal cavity into halves; it is composed of a central supporting skeleton covered on each side by mucous membrane. The front portion of this natural partition is a firm but bendable structure made mostly of cartilage and is covered by skin that has a substantial supply of blood vessels. The ideal nasal septum is exactly midline, separating the left and right sides of the nose into passageways of equal size. Estimates are that 80 percent of all nasal septums are off-center, a condition that is generally not noticed. A “deviated septum” occurs when the septum is severely shifted away from the midline. The most common symptom from a badly deviated or crooked septum is difficulty breathing through the nose. The symptoms are usually worse on one side, and sometimes actually occur on the side opposite the bend. In some cases the crooked septum can interfere with the drainage of the sinuses, resulting in repeated sinus infections. Septoplasty is the preferred surgical treatment to correct a deviated septum. This procedure is not generally performed on minors, because the cartilaginous septum grows until around age 18. Septal deviations commonly occur due to nasal trauma. A deviated septum may cause one or more of the following: • Blockage of one or both nostrils • Nasal congestion, sometimes one-sided • Frequent nosebleeds • Frequent sinus infections • At times, facial pain, headaches, postnasal drip • Noisy breathing during sleep (in infants and young children) In some cases, a person with a mildly deviated septum has symptoms only when he or she also has a "cold" (an upper respiratory tract infection).
    [Show full text]
  • Nasal Cavity Trachea Right Main (Primary) Bronchus Left Main (Primary) Bronchus Nostril Oral Cavity Pharynx Larynx Right Lung
    Nasal cavity Oral cavity Nostril Pharynx Larynx Trachea Left main Right main (primary) (primary) bronchus bronchus Left lung Right lung Diaphragm © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone Sphenoidal sinus Frontal sinus Posterior nasal aperture Nasal cavity • Nasal conchae (superior, Nasopharynx middle, and inferior) • Pharyngeal tonsil • Nasal meatuses (superior, middle, and inferior) • Opening of pharyngotympanic • Nasal vestibule tube • Nostril • Uvula Hard palate Oropharynx • Palatine tonsil Soft palate • Lingual tonsil Tongue Laryngopharynx Hyoid bone Larynx Esophagus • Epiglottis • Thyroid cartilage Trachea • Vocal fold • Cricoid cartilage (b) Detailed anatomy of the upper respiratory tract © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 2 Pharynx • Nasopharynx • Oropharynx • Laryngopharynx (a) Regions of the pharynx © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 3 Posterior Mucosa Esophagus Submucosa Trachealis Lumen of Seromucous muscle trachea gland in submucosa Hyaline cartilage Adventitia (a) Anterior © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 4 Intercostal muscle Rib Parietal pleura Lung Pleural cavity Trachea Visceral pleura Thymus Apex of lung Left superior lobe Right superior lobe Oblique Horizontal fissure fissure Right middle lobe Left inferior lobe Oblique fissure Right inferior lobe Heart (in pericardial cavity of mediastinum) Diaphragm Base of lung (a) Anterior view. The lungs flank mediastinal structures laterally. © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 5 Posterior Vertebra Esophagus (in posterior mediastinum) Root of lung at hilum Right lung • Left main bronchus Parietal pleura • Left pulmonary artery • Left pulmonary vein Visceral pleura Pleural cavity Left lung Thoracic wall Pulmonary trunk Pericardial membranes Heart (in mediastinum) Sternum Anterior mediastinum Anterior (b) Transverse section through the thorax, viewed from above © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 6 Alveolar duct Alveoli Respiratory bronchioles Alveolar duct Terminal bronchiole Alveolar sac (a) Diagrammatic view of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Foley Catheter Action in the Nasopharynx a Cadaveric Study
    ORIGINAL ARTICLE Foley Catheter Action in the Nasopharynx A Cadaveric Study Wai Chung Lee, FRCS(ORL); Peter Ka Ming Ku, FRCSEd; Charles Andrew van Hasselt, FRCS Objectives: To determine the action of the Foley cath- eral side at appropriate inflation volumes in 17 (85%) of eter in the posterior nasal cavity in relation to balloon 20 nasal fossae. Complete sealing between volumes of 12 volume, and to deduce its implications in the treatment and 15 mL was achieved in 13 fossae (65%), between 11 of posterior epistaxis. and 15 mL in 10 nasal fossae (50%), and between 5 and 15 mL in 3 nasal fossae (15%). Failure to seal at any vol- Design: Human cadaveric study. ume occurred in 3 nasal fossae (15%). Bimodal seal (ie, complete seal at high [15 mL] and low volumes [4-7 mL], Materials: Twenty nasal fossae of 10 adult cadavers. but leakage in intermediate volumes) occurred in 3 na- sal fossae (15%). The balloon remained in the nasopha- Interventions: A Foley catheter (size 14) was inserted rynx under traction and did not slip past the choanal rim into the nasopharynx via each nostril. The catheter bal- to encroach on the middle and inferior turbinates until loon was inflated to its recommended maximum vol- the balloon volume was reduced to between 4 and 7 mL. ume with 15 mL of water. Firm traction was applied to The balloon slid out of the nose at a volume of 5 mL or the catheter. Colored liquid was instilled into the ipsi- less. The inflation volumes ranging from 8 to 12 mL were lateral aspect of the nasal cavity, and liquid leakage into statistically more effective in sealing the choana than lower the contralateral side was monitored using a nasoendo- volumes (4-7 mL) (P,.002, x2 test).
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 22 *Lecture Powerpoint
    Chapter 22 *Lecture PowerPoint The Respiratory System *See separate FlexArt PowerPoint slides for all figures and tables preinserted into PowerPoint without notes. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Introduction • Breathing represents life! – First breath of a newborn baby – Last gasp of a dying person • All body processes directly or indirectly require ATP – ATP synthesis requires oxygen and produces carbon dioxide – Drives the need to breathe to take in oxygen, and eliminate carbon dioxide 22-2 Anatomy of the Respiratory System • Expected Learning Outcomes – State the functions of the respiratory system – Name and describe the organs of this system – Trace the flow of air from the nose to the pulmonary alveoli – Relate the function of any portion of the respiratory tract to its gross and microscopic anatomy 22-3 Anatomy of the Respiratory System • The respiratory system consists of a system of tubes that delivers air to the lung – Oxygen diffuses into the blood, and carbon dioxide diffuses out • Respiratory and cardiovascular systems work together to deliver oxygen to the tissues and remove carbon dioxide – Considered jointly as cardiopulmonary system – Disorders of lungs directly effect the heart and vice versa • Respiratory system and the urinary system collaborate to regulate the body’s acid–base balance 22-4 Anatomy of the Respiratory System • Respiration has three meanings – Ventilation of the lungs (breathing) – The exchange of gases between the air and blood, and between blood and the tissue fluid – The use of oxygen in cellular metabolism 22-5 Anatomy of the Respiratory System • Functions – Provides O2 and CO2 exchange between blood and air – Serves for speech and other vocalizations – Provides the sense of smell – Affects pH of body fluids by eliminating CO2 22-6 Anatomy of the Respiratory System Cont.
    [Show full text]
  • Streamlining of Air Flow in the Upper Airways and Trachea
    Thorax: first published as 10.1136/thx.35.7.543 on 1 July 1980. Downloaded from Thorax, 1980, 35, 543-545 Streamlining of air flow in the upper airways and trachea R MARSHALL AND D J MACEY From the Departments of Chest Diseases and Radiation Physics, Churchill Hospital, Oxford ABSTRACT Streamlining of air flow in the upper airways and trachea has been investigated by inhaling 8lmkrypton through each side of the nose separately and counting over the lung fields with a gamma camera. 8lmKr inhaled through one nostril was uniformly mixed in the air stream by the time the carina was reached. Gas mixing occurs probably by a combination of diffusion and turbulent flow. Some of the early investigators of the physiology across the two tubes was recorded using a Nokia of air flow in the nose and upper airways pro- multi-channel pulse height analyser and the X duced evidence that the airstream from the two pulses. The 81mkrypton in each tube was cal- sides of the nose remained separate in the culated from the area of the profile at the site pharynx and that the air entering through one of each tube after subtraction of background nostril went mainly to the lung of the same counts. side.1-3 If this were true it would simplify ventila- tion scans of the lungs with 81mkrypton since, if INHALATION OF 8sl''Kr the radioactive gas inhaled through one nostril tlmKr has a half-life of 13 secs, so that a scan http://thorax.bmj.com/ went mainly to the lung of the same side, true over the lung fields indicates the ventilation of lateral scans of the lung could be taken without each lung.4 Before inhalation of 8lmKr the resist- appreciable interference from the other lung.
    [Show full text]
  • Dynamics of Airflow in a Short Inhalation Rsif.Royalsocietypublishing.Org A
    Downloaded from http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org/ on January 21, 2015 Dynamics of airflow in a short inhalation rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org A. J. Bates1, D. J. Doorly1, R. Cetto1,3, H. Calmet4, A. M. Gambaruto4, N. S. Tolley3, G. Houzeaux4 and R. C. Schroter2 1Department of Aeronautics, and 2Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK 3Department of Otolaryngology, St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare Trust, London W2 1NY, UK Research 4Computer Applications in Science and Engineering, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC-CNS), Barcelona 08034, Spain Cite this article: Bates AJ, Doorly DJ, Cetto R, AJB, 0000-0002-8855-3448; DJD, 0000-0002-5372-4702; RC, 0000-0002-7681-7442; Calmet H, Gambaruto AM, Tolley NS, Houzeaux GH, 0000-0002-2592-1426 G, Schroter RC. 2015 Dynamics of airflow in a short inhalation. J. R. Soc. Interface 12: During a rapid inhalation, such as a sniff, the flow in the airways accelerates and 20140880. decays quickly. The consequences for flow development and convective trans- http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.0880 port of an inhaled gas were investigated in a subject geometry extending from the nose to the bronchi. The progress of flow transition and the advance of an inhaled non-absorbed gas were determined using highly resolved simulations of a sniff 0.5 s long, 1 l s21 peak flow, 364 ml inhaled volume. In the nose, the Received: 7 August 2014 distribution of airflow evolved through three phases: (i) an initial transient of about 50 ms, roughly the filling time for a nasal volume, (ii) quasi-equilibrium Accepted: 29 October 2014 over the majority of the inhalation, and (iii) a terminating phase.
    [Show full text]
  • NASAL ANATOMY Elena Rizzo Riera R1 ORL HUSE NASAL ANATOMY
    NASAL ANATOMY Elena Rizzo Riera R1 ORL HUSE NASAL ANATOMY The nose is a highly contoured pyramidal structure situated centrally in the face and it is composed by: ü Skin ü Mucosa ü Bone ü Cartilage ü Supporting tissue Topographic analysis 1. EXTERNAL NASAL ANATOMY § Skin § Soft tissue § Muscles § Blood vessels § Nerves ² Understanding variations in skin thickness is an essential aspect of reconstructive nasal surgery. ² Familiarity with blood supplyà local flaps. Individuality SKIN Aesthetic regions Thinner Thicker Ø Dorsum Ø Radix Ø Nostril margins Ø Nasal tip Ø Columella Ø Alae Surgical implications Surgical elevation of the nasal skin should be done in the plane just superficial to the underlying bony and cartilaginous nasal skeleton to prevent injury to the blood supply and to the nasal muscles. Excessive damage to the nasal muscles causes unwanted immobility of the nose during facial expression, so called mummified nose. SUBCUTANEOUS LAYER § Superficial fatty panniculus Adipose tissue and vertical fibres between deep dermis and fibromuscular layer. § Fibromuscular layer Nasal musculature and nasal SMAS § Deep fatty layer Contains the major superficial blood vessels and nerves. No fibrous fibres. § Periosteum/ perichondrium Provide nutrient blood flow to the nasal bones and cartilage MUSCLES § Greatest concentration of musclesàjunction of upper lateral and alar cartilages (muscular dilation and stenting of nasal valve). § Innervation: zygomaticotemporal branch of the facial nerve § Elevator muscles § Depressor muscles § Compressor
    [Show full text]
  • Rhinoplasty Multimedia Health Education
    Rhinoplasty Multimedia Health Education Disclaimer This movie is an educational resource only and should not be used to make a decision on Rhinoplasty. All decisions about Rhinoplasty must be made in conjunction with Your Surgeon or a licensed healthcare provider. Rhinoplasty Multimedia Health Education MULTIMEDIA HEALTH EDUCATION MANUAL TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION CONTENT 1 . Introduction a. Anatomy of the Nose 2 . Pre-operation a. Who is Suitable? b. Pre-op Evaluation 3 . Rhinoplasty a. The Operation b. Post-op Course c. Complications Rhinoplasty Multimedia Health Education Unit 1: Introduction Anatomy of the Nose (External Nasal Anatomy) Glabellar Angle Nasal Bone Upper Lateral Cartilage Alar Cartilage Columella Nostril (Fig.1) Glabellar Angle Glabellar (Refer fig. 2) Angle (Fig. 2) Nasal Bone (Refer fig. 3) Nasal Bone (Fig. 3) Upper Lateral Cartilage (Refer fig. 4) Upper Lateral Cartilage (Fig. 4) Rhinoplasty Multimedia Health Education Unit 1: Introduction Alar Cartilage (Refer fig. 5) Alar Cartilage (Fig. 5) Columella (Refer fig. 6) Columella (Fig. 6) Nostril (Refer fig. 7) Nostril (Fig. 7) Nasal Bone Upper Lateral Cartilage Alar Cartilage Columella Nostril Rhinoplasty Multimedia Health Education Unit 1: Introduction Nasal Bone (Refer fig. 8) Nasal Bone (Fig. 8) Upper Lateral Cartilage (Refer fig. 9) Upper Lateral Cartilage (Fig. 9) Alar Cartilage (Refer fig. 10) Alar Cartilage (Fig. 10) Columella (Refer fig. 11) Columella (Fig. 11) Rhinoplasty Multimedia Health Education Unit 1: Introduction Nostril (Refer fig. 12) Nostril (Fig. 12) Anatomy of the Nose (Internal Nasal Anatomy) (Refer fig. 13) SEPTUM can be twisted blocking on or both airways TURBINATES can enlarge blocking airways Nostril (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Respiratory System
    Respiratory System Main Functions of Respiratory System 1. Supplies O2 and removes CO2 2. Joins kidney to Regulate pH of blood 3. Produces sounds for speech 4. Defends against microbes Respiratory System 5. Respiration is the liberation of chemical energy by the oxidation of food. The released chemical energy is stored as ATP molecules. Most organisms need O2 for respiration and release CO2 as waste product. Respiration takes place inside cells. 6. Glucose +6 O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP (energy) Human Respiratory System: Has 2 portions: respiratory and conducting zone. 7. Conducting Zone: external nares nasal cavity Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx larynx trachea bronchi bronchioles terminal bronchioles. Conducting Zone provides a low resistance path to respiratory zone. 8. Respiratory Zone: exchange of O2 and CO2 takes place in respiratory zone. It has respiratory bronchioles alveolar ducts alveoli (main portion of gas exchange). 9. Bronchioles are the main site of air flow regulation by ANS and hormones. Bronchodilation increases ventilation and bronchoconstriction decreases it. 10. Macrophages, mucous and cilia lining it defend against microbes and harmful particles 11. In chronic smokers cilia get damaged leading to mucous accumulation and chronic coughing 12. Nose has vestibule, respiratory region and olfactory region. Nose has 5 cartilages: median septal cartilage, 2 lateral cartilages and 2 alar cartilages. External Nares = nostrils Nasal vestibule Nasal Cavity (has 3 nasal Conchae having Superior meatus, middle meatus and inferior meatus) internal naris = nostril). 13. Pharynx: common passage for food and air; is supported by Superior, middle and inferior Constrictor muscles a. Nasopharynx: Superior part of pharynx, has opening of auditory tube and pharyngeal tonsil b.
    [Show full text]
  • The Region of the Nose and Nasal Cavities
    Thomas Jefferson University Jefferson Digital Commons Regional anatomy McClellan, George 1896 Vol. 1 Jefferson Medical Books and Notebooks November 2009 The Region of the Nose and Nasal Cavities Follow this and additional works at: https://jdc.jefferson.edu/regional_anatomy Part of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy Recommended Citation "The Region of the Nose and Nasal Cavities" (2009). Regional anatomy McClellan, George 1896 Vol. 1. Paper 5. https://jdc.jefferson.edu/regional_anatomy/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Jefferson Digital Commons. The Jefferson Digital Commons is a service of Thomas Jefferson University's Center for Teaching and Learning (CTL). The Commons is a showcase for Jefferson books and journals, peer-reviewed scholarly publications, unique historical collections from the University archives, and teaching tools. The Jefferson Digital Commons allows researchers and interested readers anywhere in the world to learn about and keep up to date with Jefferson scholarship. This article has been accepted for inclusion in Regional anatomy McClellan, George 1896 Vol. 1 by an authorized administrator of the Jefferson Digital Commons. For more information, please contact: [email protected]. THE REGION OF THE NOSE AND THE NASAL OAVITIES. 107 quality or color. The next succeeding four layers are alternating nuclear and molecular layers, called outer and inner, from their relative positions. They consist of strata of clear nucleated corpuscles or granules, modified in each layer so as to offer some peculiarities, and embedded in the retinal connective tissue. They are severally connected by upward and downward prolongations, the outer nuclear layer with the rods and cones as above stated, whereas the inner molecular layer joins the seventh or ganglionic layer.
    [Show full text]