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THE NINTH ISSUE of CATALYZER MAGAZINE 23/07/2020 Catalyzer for the Nobel Prize Levent Artok

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THE NINTH ISSUE of CATALYZER MAGAZINE 23/07/2020 Catalyzer for the Nobel Prize Levent Artok 9 CATALYZER THE NINTH ISSUE OF CATALYZER MAGAZINE 23/07/2020 Catalyzer for the Nobel Prize Levent Artok Did you know? The Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded 7 times and to 16 people in the 119 years of Sildi: o its existence for their pioneering contributions to the development of organometallic chemistry and Sildi: on their role in creating methodologies in organic chemistry. Sildi: as O Organometallic compounds are widely used both stoichiometrically and as catalysts to increase the Sildi: rates of organic reactions, where target molecules include polymers, pharmaceuticals, and many other Sildi: C Did you know? The Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded 7 times in the 119 years of its existence andtypes to 16 peopleof practical in the 119 years products of its existence. for their pioneering Sildi: contributions to the development of organometallic chemistry and their role in creating methodologies in organic chemistry. OrganometallicThe catalytic compounds organometallic are widely used both chemistry stoichiometrically field has resulted in carbon/carbon and carbon/heteroatom bond and as catalysts to increase the rates of organic reactions, where targetformation molecules includein many polymers, new pharmaceuticals, ways that and aremany notother possible by conventional methods. Sildi: cannot types of practical products. Sildi: be TheThe catalytic following organometallic list chemistryshows field the has Nobel resulted inP rizescarbon/ in Chemistry for contributions to organometallic chemistry and carbon and carbon/heteroatom bond formation in many new ways Sildi: p thatmetal are not catalysis possible by conventional: methods. The following list shows the Nobel Prizes in Chemistry for Sildi: their contributions1912 Nobel to organometallic Prize: Victor chemistry Grignardand metal catalysis: and Paul Sabatier 1912 Nobel Prize: Victor Grignard and Paul Sabatier VictorVictor Grignard Grignard was awarded was the prizeawarded for the discovery the prizeof the so- for the discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent, while Paul called Grignard reagent, while Paul Sabatier received it for his work improving the hydrogenation of organic compounds in the presence of Sildi: was awarded finelySabatier disintegrated received metals. it for his work improving the hydrogenation of organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals. Açıklamalı [ 1]: "to" should be deleted in the graphic 1963 Nobel Prize: Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta For their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers. Ziegler and Natta discovered and developed heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts (Ziegler–Natta catalysts) for the Sildi: - polymerization of 1-alkenes. 1973 Nobel Prize: Geoffrey Wilkinson and Ernst Otto Fischer For their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so-called sandwich compounds (e.g., ferrocene). Catalyzer for the Nobel Prize Levent Artok Did you know? The Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded 7 times and to 16 people in the 119 years of Sildi: o its existence for their pioneering contributions to the development of organometallic chemistry and Sildi: on their role in creating methodologies in organic chemistry. Sildi: as O Organometallic compounds are widely used both stoichiometrically and as catalysts to increase the Sildi: rates of organic reactions, where target molecules include polymers, pharmaceuticals, and many other Sildi: C types of practical products. Sildi: in the 119 years of its existence The catalytic organometallic chemistry field has resulted in carbon/carbon and carbon/heteroatom bond formation in many new ways that are not possible by conventional methods. Sildi: cannot Sildi: be The following list shows the Nobel Prizes in Chemistry for contributions to organometallic chemistry and Sildi: p metal catalysis: Sildi: their 1912 Nobel Prize: Victor Grignard and Paul 1981Sabatier Nobel Prize: Roald Hoffmann and Kenichi Fukui For their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions, including organometallic reactions. Victor Grignard was awarded the prize for the2001 discovery Nobel Prize: W. S. Knowles, of the R. Noyori so, -andcalled Karl Barry GrignardSharpless reagent, while Paul Sabatier received it for his work improving theThe Nobel hydrogenati Prize in that year wason divided, of one organic half jointly to Williamcompounds S. Knowles and Ryoji in Noyori the "for presence Sildi: of of Sildi: was awarded their work on chirally catalyzed hydrogenation reactions" and the other half to K. Barry Sharpless "for Sildi: this finely disintegrated metals. his work on chirally catalyzed oxidation reactions”. Knowles developed an enantioselective hydrogenation step for the production of L-DOPA—a naturally Sildi: – occurring compound, a psychoactive drug—utilizing a chiral rhodium complex, when he was working for Sildi: – the Monsanto Company. This was the first application of enantioselective metal catalysis to industrial- Sildi: – Açıklamalı [ 1]: "to" should be deleted in the graphic scale synthesis. Sildi: the INTERNATIONAL CHEMISTRY OLYMPIAD MAGAZINE / ISTANBUL - TURKEY 2020 1963 Nobel Prize: Karl Ziegler and Giulio NattaNoyori enabled asymmetric reduction of ketones over optically active rhodium and ruthenium complexes. For1963 theirNobel Prize: discoveries Karl Ziegler and in Giulio the Natta field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers. Ziegler and Natta For their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology discoveredof high polymers. Zieglerand anddeveloped Natta discovered heterogeneous and developed and homogeneous catalysts (Ziegler–Natta catalysts) for the Sildi: - heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts (Ziegler–Natta catalysts) polymerizationfor the polymerization of 1-alkenes.of 1-alkenes. One of Sharpless's most groundbreaking discoveries is named after him, Sharpless epoxidation, in which Sildi: is, which Oneit is possibleof Sharpless'sSharpless’s to synthesize most most groundbreaking groundbreaking enantiomerically discoveries discoveries pure is epoxidesname is namedd after from after him allyl, Sharpless alcohols. epoxidation, in which Sildi: is, which Sildi: referred to by his Sildi: is, which Oneit is possible of Sharpless's to synthesize most enantio groundbreakingmerically pure discoveries epoxides from is allyl name alcohols.d after him, Sharpless epoxidation,Sildi: in which referred to by his him, Sharpless epoxidation, in which it is possible to synthesize Sildi: of itenantiomerically is possible to synthesize pure epoxides enantio from allylmerically alcohols. pure epoxides from allyl alcohols. Sildi: of Sildi: referred to by his Sildi: of 19731973 Nobel Nobel Prize: GeoffreyPrize: GeoffreyWilkinson and Ernst Wilkinson Otto Fischer and Ernst Otto Fischer For their pioneering work, performed independently, on the Forchemistry their of the pioneering organometallic, so-calledwork, sandwich performed compounds independently, (e.g., on the chemistry of the organometallic, so-called ferrocene). sandwich compounds (e.g., ferrocene). 2005 Nobel Prize: Yves Chauvin, Robert Grubbs, and Richard Schrock Sildi: 2005 Nobel prize 2005 Nobel prize 2005 Nobel Prize:Prize: YvesYves Chauvin, Chauvin, Robert Robert Grubbs, Grubbs, and and Richard Richard Schrock Sildi: Schrock For the development of metal-catalyzed alkene metathesis. Sildi: the For the development of metal-catalyzed alkene metathesis. Sildi: the 2005For the Nobel development Prize: Yves of metal-catalyzed Chauvin, Robert alkene Grubbs, metathesis. and Richard Schrock Sildi: 2005 Nobel prize 1981 Nobel Prize: Roald Hoffmann and Kenichi Fukui Olefin metathesis allows the redistribution of fragments of alkenes by the scission and 1981 Nobel Prize:For their Roald theories, Hoffmann developed and independently, Kenichi Fukui concerning the courseregenerationOlefin of chemical metathesismetathesis reactions of carbon allows ,allows including–carbon the the redistribution double redistribution bonds. of fragments of fragments of alkenes of alkenes by by the scission and Sildi: - Sildi: the organometallic reactions. Forthe scissionthe development and regeneration of metal of carbon–carbon-catalyzed doublealkene bonds. metathesis. Sildi: - For their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of regeneration of carbon–carbon double bonds. chemical reactions, including organometallic reactions. 2001 Nobel Prize: W. S. Knowles, R. Noyori, and Karl Barry SharplessOlefin metathesis allows the redistribution of fragments of alkenes by the scission and 2001 Nobel Prize:The Nobel W. S. Prize Knowles, in that R.year Noyori, was divided, and Karl one Barryhalf jointly to Williamregeneration S. Knowles and Ryojiof carbon Noyori "for–carbon doubleSildi: ofbonds. Sildi: - 1981 Nobel Prize: Roald Hoffmann and Kenichi Fukui Sharpless their work on chirally catalyzed hydrogenation reactions" and the other half to K. Barry Sharpless "for Sildi: this FTheor their Nobel theories, Prizehis dev workineloped that on year chirallyindependently, was cataly divided,z concerninged oxidation one half the reactions jointlycourse ofto” chemical. William reactions , including organometallic reactions. S. Knowles andKnowles Ryoji Noyorideveloped “for an their enantioselective work on chirally hydrogena catalyzedtion step for the production of L-DOPA—a naturally Sildi: – hydrogenation reactions” and the other half to K. Barry Sharpless “for 2001 Nobel Prizeoccurring: W. S. Knowles, compound, R. Noyori a psychoactive, and Karl Barry
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