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Annelida, Clitellata) from Northeastern China

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Annelida, Clitellata) from Northeastern China PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 128(1):80–85. 2015. Mesenchytraeus asymmetriauritus, a new enchytraeid (Annelida, Clitellata) from northeastern China Jing Chen and Zhicai Xie* (JC) College of Life and Science, Zao Zhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong Province, China; (ZX) The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract.—A new enchytraeid species, Mesenchytraeus asymmetriauritus sp. nov., collected from terrestrial habitats of Changbai Mountain in the northeast China, is described. It is characterized by the dorsal vessel originating in XV–XVII, four pairs of preclitellar nephridia in 6/7–9/10, spermathecae attached to oesophagus in segment V and each possessing three or four ear-shaped diverticula of different size, one pair of asymmetrical sperm sacs occupying X–XVII and containing bulk of naked sperm bundles, atrium cylindrical with 4 prostate-like glands and distinct from vas deferens, and well-developed egg sac extending to XVI–XVII. Keywords: China, Clitellata, Enchytraeidae, Mesenchytraeus, new species Mesenchytraeus Eisen, 1878 is one of the Materials and Methods most speciose genera in the Enchytraeidae, containing as many as 85 species and Worms were collected from the field subspecies worldwide (Cech et al. 2012, during Mar 2014 by taking soil samples Christensen & Do´zsa-Farkas 2012, and extracting them in the laboratory, Schmelz & Collado 2012, Shen et al. using a standard hot wet funnel device 2012a). Some taxa can perfer to glacial (O’Connor 1962, Healy & Rota 1992). All waters or tundra, but most of them occur mature worms were examined with a in cold permanently humid habitats rich in stereomicroscope and measured micro- organic matter (Welch 1919, Christensen scopically while alive. Live observations &Do´zsa-Farkas 1999, Rota & Brinkhurst included general dimensions and body 2000). color. All other characters were studied Changbaishan Mountain, located in with a light microscope equipped with Jilin Province, northeast China, is rich in interference contrast optics. For the exam- enchytraeid species diversity (Lian et al. ination of the soft–bodied internal organs 2011). During previous investigations, and surface structures, we gently pressed some species new to science and endemic the living specimens between a slide and were found there, including three Mesen- coverslip in a drop of tap water. Subse- chytraeus (Shen et al. 2011, 2012a, b). quently, worms were preserved in 10% During a further investigation of the formalin or 70% alcohol (for future enchytraeid fauna there, we identified one molecular studies). For taxonomic obser- new species belonging to Mesenchytraeus. vation, some specimens were stained in Herein, the species is described. paracarmine, dehydrated in an alcohol series, and mounted in Canada balsam, * Corresponding author. or dissected. Drawings from whole mounts DOI: 10.2988/0006-324X-128.1.80 were made with the help of an Olympus VOLUME 128, NUMBER 1 81 drawing tube. The type material of the new Head pore near the tip of prostomium, as species are deposited in the Museum of a longitudinal slit. Epidermal gland cells Aquatic Organisms (MAO), Institute of inconspicuous, almost absent. Chaetal Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sci- formula: 3, 4–3, 4: 4(3) À4. No enlarged ences, China. chaetae. Chaetae sigmoid and nodulated, Unless otherwise specified, measure- distally thinner and single-pointed. Both ments refer to sexually mature, fixed (both lateral and ventral chaetae shortest in whole-mounted and dissected) specimens. segment II, reaching the maximum length When ‘vivo’ is used, measurements refer to in VII (Fig. 1A–F), and gradually short- living specimens. ening again posteriorly. Ventral chaetae longer and stouter than corresponding lateral ones. Lateral chaetae 46–75 lm Mesenchytraeus asymmetriauritus, new long, 2.1–4 lm thick. Ventral chaetae 60– species 90 lm long, 3.2–5 lm thick. Chaetae of Fig. 1 XII lacking in sexually fully-mature spec- imens. Clitellum elevated inconspicuously, Holotype.—Sexually mature specimen extending from middle of XI to XIII. (JLO201400001) collected in March 2014, Hyalocytes and granulocytes irregularly stained and whole-mounted in Canada arranged in lateral area of XII; glands balsam. scarce in mid-dorsal and mid-ventral of Type locality.—Mixed coniferous and XII. Two separate male pores ventrolater- broadleaved forest, Mt. Changbai, Jilin al in ventral-middle of XII. Paired sper- Province (42.335798N, 127.884468E, 1109 mathecal pores in 4/5, each on the lateral m above sea level), dark brown forest soil line. under roots of Pinus koraiensis and Acer Brain in I–II, trapezoidal, deeply con- ukurunduense, 22–27 March 2014, coll. Z. cave anteriorly and truncate or weakly J. Piao. incised posteriorly, 130–150 lm long, 40– Paratypes.—Four whole specimens 50 lm wide. Dorsal vessel arising from and one dissected adult specimen XV–XVII. Dorsal vessel bifurcating be- (JLO201400002–201400006), collected neath front of the brain, circumesophageal from the same locality and date as the commissures merging ventrally in IV. holotype. Blood colorless. Two pairs of primary Other material examined.—About 15 pharyngeal glands in 4/5 and 5/6, both additional mature and 10 submature spec- without dorsal connection and attached to imens, all from the type locality, were septa. Three pairs of secondary pharyngeal examined. glands in VI–VIII. Gradual transition Etymology.—‘‘Auritus’’ means ear- between oesophagus and intestine. No equipped, and ‘‘asymmetri-‘‘means imbal- oesophageal appendages. No intestinal anced or unequal. The specific name diverticula. Chloragogen cells brownish, ‘‘asymmetriauritus’’ refers to the sperma- dense, granulated, beginning from V back- thecal ampulla bearing three to four ear- wards. Coelomocytes elliptic, 25–50 by 12– shaped diverticula of different size. 15 lm. Preclitellar nephridia 4 pairs from Description.—Small worms, yellowish in 6/7–9/10. Nephridial anteseptale consisting vivo. Body length 9–12 mm in vivo and of funnel only, postseptale bilobed near 7.6–8.0 mm after fixation (holotype 8.0 septum, with folded canal and scarce mm), body width 0.3–0.4 mm at V, 0.4–0.5 interstitial tissue, efferent duct arising mm at clitellum in vivo (0.22–0.24 mm at V between the two lobes. and 0.27–0.29 mm at XII after fixation). Sperm funnel bell-shaped, with collar Segment number 43–54 (holotype 50). weakly developed, 125–200 lm long, 75– 82 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Fig. 1. Mesenchytraeus asymmetriauritus. A, lateral chaetae in III; B, lateral chaetae in V; C, lateral chaetae in VII; D, ventral chaetae in III; E, ventral chaetae in V; F, ventral chaetae in VII; G, spermatheca; H, sperm funnel; I, male organs in clitellar region. Scale bars: A–F ¼ 10 lm; G–I ¼ 50 lm. Abbreviations: at, atrium; dt, diverticulum; ecd, spermathecal ectal duct; plg, prostate-like glands; sa, spermathecal ampulla; vd, vas deferens. 125 lm in maximum width, backwards irregular spirals in coelom of XII–XIV, tapering into vas deferens. Head of sper- gradually widening posteriorly and enter- matozoa ca. 110–120 lm long (Fig. 1H). ing atrium apically. Atrium slightly wider Vas deferens with conspicuous ciliated than vas deferens, ca. 170–280 lm long canal, ca. 20–25 lm wide, wound in and 28–50 lm wide, with thin muscular VOLUME 128, NUMBER 1 83 layers and thick epithelium extending into such as Acer ukurunduense and Eleuther- penial bulbs medially in XII. No cilia ococcus senticosus are also common. observed in atrial canal. Atrium with four long (200–300 lm) prostate-like glands projecting in opposite directions. Penial Discussion bulbs ventral, compact, consisting of masses of glandular cells and muscle Mesenchytraeus asymmetriauritus is strands. Several small accessory glands characterized by the 1) dorsal vessel extending in different directions around beginning from XV–XVII; 2) four pairs the male pore. Paired sperm sacs of of preclitellar nephridia in 6/7–9/10; 3) one different size, both originating at X and pair of asymmetrical sperm sacs occupying reaching separately and posteriorly into X–XVII, containing bulk of naked sperm XV–XVII, containing numerous naked bundles; 4) each spermatheca endowed but regular sperm bundles. One egg sac with three or four diverticula of different extending into XVII. One to two eggs shapes and sizes and attached entally to mature at a time. oesophagus in segment V; 5) male atrium Paired spermathecae confined to V (Fig. cylindrical, with 4 prostate-like glands and 1G). No ectal glands visible. Ectal duct distinct from vas deferens; and 6) well- stout, thick-walled and rich in muscle developed egg sac extending to XVI–XVII. fibres, ca. 75–100 lm long and 20–40 lm Most of the species in Mesenchytraeus wide, projecting into ampulla. Latter as have one or two spermathecal ampullar diverticula or none. So far, only three long as ectal duct, comprising an elongate congeners have been described with three proximal part and a short and widened or more diverticula, including the ice-worm distal one. Each ampulla possessing 3–4 M. solifugus (Emery, 1898) (possessing 3 asymmetrical diverticula sessile in the diverticula), the Siberian and wetland M. proximal part, both ampullar body and mirabilis Eisen, 1878 (3–5), and the aquatic diverticula filled massively with sperm M. vshivkovae Timm, 1994 (at least 6) bundles in fully mature specimens. One (Welch 1919, Eisen 1905, Cejka 1914, small globular diverticulum, ca. 50–80 lm Goodman 1971, Timm 1994, Christensen in diameter, attached to ampulla ventrally, &Do´zsa-Farkas 1999, Shain et al. 2000). others (2–3) much larger (variable in size All three species differ from M. asymme- between 60–120 lm long and 70–80 lm triauritus by having an intraclitellar origin wide) and ear-shaped, attached dorsally to of dorsal vessel in common (Table 1). ampulla on the opposite sides and some- Furthermore, M.
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