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Home , Donatello, Drunkenness of Noah, Ecce homo (Mantegna), Giorgio Vasari, Jonah (Lorenzetto), Jupiter and Io

A Vasari Companion

Introduction

Giorgio Vasari’s Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors and Architects, first published in 1550, is arguably the first book ever written about history. Vasari was himself a well-known and successful painter and architect who knew personally many of the artists about whom he wrote, including and . As a knowledgeable insider. he had unusual access to artists’ studios and to private collections. Hence Vasari’s Lives remains a key source of historical information about art of the Italian , written by someone who was there. Vasari’s revised and expanded 1568 edition of the Lives covered about 160 artists and filled three volumes—more than even many art historians care to read—so most readers rely on abridged editions that include selections from the full work. It is certainly possible to read the text by itself for information and entertaining anecdotes. However, Vasari mentions hundreds of specific works in the text, most of which have survived to the present. A Vasari Companion seeks to promote a more satisfying reading experience by making available pictures of selected works mentioned in the text. The Companion is intended for use with the following edition :

Vasari, Giorgio. Lives of the Artists. Volume I. Translated by George Bull. New York: Penguin Books, 1965.

Works shown in the Companion are linked to the text of the Lives using page numbers from this edition. It covers 20 artists, drawn from the full range of years covered by the Lives—by some

1 accounts, the most important 20 artists. (Volume II covers Bull’s selection of the next-most-important 19 artists.) Bull translates Vasari into smoothly readable modern English and provides a nice introductory commentary of his own. This edition is also available as an inexpensive paperback. The Companion does not include a picture of every work referenced by Vasari. Some works mentioned in the Lives are described only vaguely and cannot be matched with confidence to a particular work that is known today. Some works have been destroyed or lost in the 400+ years since the book was written. Others are now generally believed to have been mis-attributed by Vasari and are actually by another artist or by unnamed assistants. Still others have been omitted from the Companion because they are similar to other included works by the same artist, or because I judged them to be insufficiently important or interesting. Images of some of the omitted works can be found in the sources identified below.

Using the Companion

A Vasari Companion is a single large document in Portable Document Format (PDF). It can be viewed with Adobe Reader (a.k.a. Adobe Acrobat Reader). Most computer owners already have a copy of Adobe Reader and use it to view or print PDF documents. It is free, and many computers come with it pre-installed. If Adobe Reader is not already installed on your computer, it can be downloaded over the Internet from http://www.adobe.com.

Basic Use

• On most computers, you can start A Vasari Companion by just double-clicking on its file icon. If this does not work, start up Adobe Reader first, and then open A Vasari Companion within Adobe Reader.

• Click on the Start button on the title page.

• In the Artists Menu, click on the name of an artist.

• In the menu of works by that artist, click on the name of a work you wish to view. When finished, you can:

– Return to the menu of works by the same artist by clicking on the button containing his name. It is located at a bottom corner of the screen. – Go forward or back a slide at a time in the sequence of slides. Slides are stored internally in the following order:

2 Main title slide Artists Menu Menu of works by artist A* Artist A’s first work Artist A’s second work . . Artist A’s last work Menu of works by artist B* Artist B’s first work Artist B’s second work . . Artist B’s last work (etc.) *Menu of works may occupy more than one slide Press the key on your keyboard to go forward one slide in this sequence. Press the key to go back one slide. You can use this method of navigation to browse among related slides without having to return to the menu of works each time. Also, the text commentary for some works notes that “the next slide” shows a detail. The easiest way to get there is to press the key.

• To return to the Artists Menu, click the Artists Menu button at the bottom corner of the menu of works by a particular artist.

• To quit, click the Quit button at the bottom corner of the Artists Menu.

More advanced use

• The Companion starts up in full-screen view mode. To exit from full-screen mode, press the esc (“escape”) key on your keyboard. On most recent versions of Adobe Reader, you can then navigate the Companion in either of two other view modes by clicking on a tab at the left edge of its window:

– Bookmarks view mode shows a scrollable list of the titles of all slides. Click on any slide title to go directly to that slide. (The titles can be made be more readable by choosing the Wrap long bookmarks option at the top of the Bookmarks panel, if present on your version of Adobe Reader.) – Pages view mode shows a scrollable thumbnail gallery of all slides. Click on the thumbnail view for any slide to go to it directly.

3 • In either Bookmarks or Pages view, you can use Adobe Reader’s zooming tools to magnify an image to see more detail. Note, however, that almost all of the digital images are medium-resolution: they remain reasonably sharp after one or two stages of magnification, but beyond that, edges become blurry.

• The and keys can also be used to navigate in Bookmarks or Pages view.

• To return to full-screen view mode, choose Full Screen from Adobe Reader’s View menu.

• For really advanced viewing, you can display any two slides side by side for comparison as follows:

– After starting the Companion in Adobe Reader, open a second window to it by choosing New window from the Window menu. – Adjust window positions and sizes in the usual manner to set them up as you wish for comparison. (Try out the Tile... item in the Window menu, if it exists in your version.)

Points to Remember

Throughout the , the Catholic Church was by far the largest client of artists, so naturally there is a predominance of Christian themes in their work. Art was used in part to educate the young about Christian history and dogma, and sometimes to teach a moral lesson. However, it is not necessary to be Catholic or Christian to appreciate the art. Stories about biblical figures provided a very rich source of thematic material and inspiration for artists on almost every aspect of human life. Nobody had ever seen the Virgin Mary, Jesus, or any of the saints, much less angels or the Holy Spirit. Hence artists were expected to give their visual free rein and to imagine how some dramatic human event or supernatural occurrence might have looked, and they competed with each other in doing so. Toward the end of the 15th century and beyond, themes from Greek and Roman mythology and portraiture became more common. At the time Vasari was writing the Lives, there was no precedent for a sweeping account of the and artists of an era. He developed his own formula for such a work and his own standards of reportorial accuracy. His “ job” was as a busy and successful artist and architect; writing the Lives was an avocation. There are known to be many factual errors in the Lives, the most egregious of which are mentioned in footnotes by Bull. Still, Vasari’s organization of periods and styles, his placing of art works that can be viewed today into often vivid historical and biographical contexts, and his criteria for evaluation of individual works have had a lasting influence on .

4 Sources

Images

• Web Gallery of Art (http://www.wga.hu). This superb, award-winning web site in Hungary contains nearly 14,000 digital images of art works from about 1100 to about 1850, specializing in the Renaissance. It is beautifully organized and generally contains the best digital images publicly available on the Web. For many works, a text synopsis of the work’s history, , and/or composition are also available. This web site was the largest single source for images in the Companion.

• web site (http://easyweb.easynet.co.uk). This excellent site focuses entirely on art works mentioned in Vasari’s Lives, also keyed to page numbers in the Bull translation. All artists in Volume I and a few from Volume II are covered. I relied on it heavily to map Vasari’s descriptions to particular works, correcting just a few definite or probable mistakes along the way. It tries to cover every work that is identifiable from the Lives, including minor works. However, this site rarely has the best-quality images of works, and the text accompanying each work is usually limited to a few words taken directly from Vasari.

• Google image search (http://www.google.com). Google image searches often just led back to the Web Gallery of Art for the best image of a particular work, but occasionally a better-quality image was available from an educational institution or other source.

• Art web sites (especially http://www.nga.gov). Some art now allow visitors to view and download medium-resolution images of selected works in their collection, using a standard web browser. The of Art has a particularly nice and complete web site.

• Books (see below). An occasional picture was scanned from a book when no decent digital image was downloadable from the Web.

• My own photos. Since 2003, I have taken digital photos on annual art trips to Europe. Occasionally one of them was suitable for inclusion, usually of a building or outdoors. However, most art museums either prohibit photography altogether or restrict it to hand-held photographs without flash, so digital images better than my own photographs were usually available from other sources.

Text

1. Hartt F, Wilkins DG. History of Italian . New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 2003. Probably the definitive single-volume current work on art of the Italian Renaissance.

5 2. Adams LS. Italian Renaissance Art. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2001. A shorter, accessible, well-balanced overview.

3. Web Gallery of Art (http://www.wga.hu).

4. Hall M. Michelangelo: The Frescoes of the . New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 2002.

5. Maetzke AM, Bertelli C. : The Legend of the True Cross in the Church of San Francesco in . Milan, : Skira, 2001.

6. Marani PC. : The Complete . New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1999.

7. Joannides P. Titian to 1518. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2001.

8. Bambach C (ed.). Leonardo da Vinci: Master Draftsman. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2003.

6 List of Images Page Artist Work 50 MadonnaEnthroned — Cimabue ThreePaintingsoftheMadonnaandChild 51 Cimabue Crucifixion (Santa Croce) 52 Cimabue Judas Betrays Christ 59 MadonnaandChild(Byzantine) 59 Giotto St. Francis Receiving the Stigmata 59 Giotto DeathofSt.Francis 59 Giotto Death of St. Francis (Detail) 59 Giotto Church and Convent of San Francesco 59 Giotto NaveofUpperChurchinAssisi 60 Giotto St.FrancisRenouncingWordlyGoods 60 Giotto MiracleoftheSpring 60 Giotto St.FrancisPreachingtotheBirds 64 Giotto DrawingforPopeBenedictIX 71 Giotto Cruxifix () 73 Giotto MadonnaEnthroned(OgnissantiMadonna) 73 Giotto Bell Tower (Campanile) — Giotto MeontopofGiotto’sCampanile 73 Giotto CampanileDrawing 74 Giotto The Arena (Scrovegni) Chapel, 74 Giotto Joachim Turned Away from the Temple 74 Giotto AnnunciationtoAnne 74 Giotto JoachimandAnneattheGoldenGate 74 Giotto JoachimandAnne(Detail) 74 Giotto PresentationtotheTemple 74 Giotto KissofJudas 74 Giotto LamentationofChrist 74 Giotto LamentationofChrist(Detail) 74 Giotto NoliMeTangere 74 Giotto LastJudgment 74 Giotto Devil 74 Giotto EnricoScrovegniDonatingtheChapel 100 Uccello Drawingofa Mazzocchio 99 Uccello Fleeing from the Deluge (from Green Cloisters) 101 Uccello Clock in Cathedral

7 List of Images (continued) Page Artist Work 101 Uccello SirJohnHawkwood(a.k.a.GiovanniAcuto) 101 Uccello SirJohnHawkwood(Detail) 103 Uccello Five Famous Florentines 103 Uccello PortraitofGiotto — Uccello Battle of San Romano 108 Ghiberti CompetitionfortheBaptistryDoors 109 Ghiberti NorthBaptistryDoors 110 Ghiberti 110 Ghiberti AdorationoftheMagi 111 Ghiberti Crucifixion 112 Ghiberti JohntheBaptist() 115 Ghiberti EastBaptistryDoors 117 Ghiberti Cain and Abel (Detail) 117 Ghiberti DrunkennessofNoah 118 Ghiberti JacobandEsau 118 Ghiberti StoryofJoseph — Ghiberti Self-Portrait 126 TheTrinity 126 Masaccio Diagram of The Trinity 126 Masaccio VirginandChildwithSt.Anne 127 Masaccio VirginandChild 128 Masaccio The 128 Masaccio ExpulsionfromtheGarden 130 Masaccio Tribute Money 130 Masaccio St. Peter Healing with his Shadow 130 Masaccio St.PeterDistributingAlmstothePoor 130 Masaccio BaptizingtheNeophytes 137 Brunelleschi Crucifix in Santa Maria Novella 138 Brunelleschi CompetitionfortheBaptistryDoors 145 Brunelleschi Brunelleschi’s Dome 145 Brunelleschi InsidetheDome 157 Brunelleschi MachinestoBuildtheDome 160 Brunelleschi Ospedale degli Innocenti Fac¸ade — Brunelleschi Santo Spirito 174 Annunciation

8 List of Images (continued) Page Artist Work 175 Donatello Crucifixion (Santa Croce) 175 Donatello Crucifixes by Donatello and Brunelleschi 176 Donatello PenitentMagdalene 176 Donatello PenitentMagdalene(Detail) 177 Donatello JohntheEvangelist 177 Donatello Cantoria 177 Donatello Cantoria(Detail) 177 Donatello St.Mark 177 Donatello St. Mark (Detail) 178 Donatello St.George 178 Donatello St.George(Detail) 178 Donatello 178 Donatello Habakkuk(Detail) 179 Donatello JudithandHolofernes 179 Donatello JudithandHolofernes(Detail) 179 Donatello DavidwiththeHeadofGoliath 179 Donatello (Detail) 181 Donatello Gattamelata 181 Donatello Gattamelata(Detail) 183 Donatello JohntheBaptist 184 Donatello SaintsCosmasandDamian 113 Donatello FeastofHerod 193 Piero della Francesca Madonna of Mercy 193 Piero della Francesca Madonna of Mercy (Detail) 193 Piero della Francesca Madonna of Mercy (Finer Detail) 193 Piero della Francesca Resurrection 194 Piero della Francesca Legend of the True Cross (Overview) 194 Piero della Francesca Death of Adam 194 Piero della Francesca Discovery of the Holy Wood 194 Piero della Francesca King Solomon and Queen of Sheba 194 Piero della Francesca Annunciation 194 Piero della Francesca Dream of Constantine 194 Piero della Francesca Dream of Constantine (Detail) 195 Piero della Francesca Constantine Vanquishes Maxentius 195 Piero della Francesca Constantine Vanquishes Maxentius (Detail)

9 List of Images (continued) Page Artist Work — Piero della Francesca Proof of the True Cross — Piero della Francesca Proof of the True Cross (Detail) — Piero della Francesca Battle Trumpeter — Piero della Francesca Duke of Urbino and his Wife — Piero della Francesca Sacra Conversazione 199 FraAngelico IllustratedManuscript 200 San Marco Monastery 201 FraAngelico CrucifixionwithSaints 201 Fra Angelico Monk’s Quarters at San Marco 201 Fra Angelico Presentation at the Temple 201 Fra Angelico 201 FraAngelico MockingofChrist 201 Fra Angelico Resurrection 201 Fra Angelico Annunciation (San Marco) 201 Fra Angelico San Marco Altarpiece 201 FraAngelico MartyrdomofSaintsCosmasandDamian 201 FraAngelico Annunciation(SanDomenico) 201 FraAngelico CoronationoftheVirgin 202 FraAngelico CommunionwiththeApostles 202 Fra Angelico Santa Trinit`aAltarpiece 202 FraAngelico Annunciation(—Detail) 203 FraAngelico VirginwithSaints 203 FraAngelico St.LawrenceDistributingAlmstothePoor 210 Alberti MalatestaTemple() 210 Alberti Fac¸ade of Santa Maria Novella 211 Alberti Rucellai Palace 211 Alberti Tomb in San Pancrazio Chapel 212 Alberti Sant’ Andrea Church () 212 Alberti Sant’ Andrea Church Interior 214 FraFilippoLippi RuleoftheCarmelites 215 FraFilippoLippi CoronationoftheVirgin 215 FraFilippoLippi VirginandChildwithTwoAngels 216 FraFilippoLippi MadonnaoftheForest 216 FraFilippoLippi MadonnaoftheForest(Detail) 216 FraFilippoLippi Annunciation

10 List of Images (continued) Page Artist Work 216 FraFilippoLippi Annunciation(Detail) 219 FraFilippoLippi FeastofHerod 219 Fra Feast of Herod (’s Dance) 219 Fra Filippo Lippi Feast of Herod (Executioner) 219 FraFilippoLippi FeastofHerod(Herodias) 220 FraFilippoLippi PittiTondo 224 Botticelli Fortitude 225 Botticelli St.Augustine 225 Botticelli CoronationoftheVirgin 225 Botticelli Pallas and the Centaur 225 Botticelli BirthofVenus 225 Botticelli Birth of (Zephyr) 225 Botticelli Birth of Venus (Venus) 225 Botticelli BirthofVenus(Attendant) 225 Botticelli 225 Botticelli Primavera (Left detail) 225 Botticelli Primavera (Center detail) 225 Botticelli Primavera (Right detail) 226 Botticelli CestelloAnnunciation 226 Botticelli AdorationoftheMagi 226 Botticelli AdorationoftheMagi(Cosimo) 226 Botticelli AdorationoftheMagi(Giuliano) 226 Botticelli AdorationoftheMagi(Sandro) 227 Botticelli TemptationofChrist 227 Botticelli TemptationofChrist(Detail) 227 Botticelli IllustrationforDante’s 228 Botticelli VirginandChildwithAngels 230 Botticelli SimonettaVespucci 230 Botticelli Giulianode’Medici 233 Verrocchio Death of Giovanna Tornabuoni 233 Verrocchio David 233 Verrocchio Two Rival 234 Verrocchio DoubtingThomas 234 Verrocchio DoubtingThomas(Detail) 236 Verrocchio Baptism of Christ

11 List of Images (continued) Page Artist Work 236 Verrocchio Baptism of Christ (Detail) 237 Verrocchio Bartolommeo Colleone 237 Verrocchio Bartolommeo Colleone (Detail) 242 Mantegna St.JamesbeingLedtohisExecution 244 Mantegna San Zeno Altarpiece 244 Mantegna San Zeno Altarpiece (Predella) 244 Mantegna MadonnaandCherubim 244 Mantegna CameradegliSposi 244 Mantegna Suite of Francesco 244 Mantegna CameradegliSposi(OculusDetail) 244 Mantegna Triumph of Caesar (Canvas IV) 246 Mantegna MadonnaoftheQuarry 246 Mantegna JudithandHolofernes — Mantegna DeadChrist 256 LeonardodaVinci GiantCrossbow 258 LeonardodaVinci BotanicalStudies 258 Leonardo da Vinci Angels from Verrocchio’s Baptism of Christ 260 LeonardodaVinci MadonnaoftheCarnation 261 LeonardodaVinci HeadofanOldMan 262 Leonardo da Vinci Refectory at Santa Maria delle Grazie 262 LeonardodaVinci LastSupper 262 Leonardo da Vinci (Center) 262 Leonardo da Vinci Last Supper (Left) 265 LeonardodaVinci VitruvianMan 265 LeonardodaVinci DissectedTorso 265 LeonardodaVinci Hands 265 LeonardodaVinci VirginandChildwithSt.Anne 266 Leonardo da Vinci Ginevra de’ Benci 266 Leonardo da Vinci Ginevra de’ Benci (Back) 266 LeonardodaVinci MonaLisa 267 LeonardodaVinci Studyfor Battle of Anghiari — Leonardo da Vinci Self-Portrait 273 AdorationoftheShepherds 273 Giorgione AdorationoftheShepherds(Detail) 275 Giorgione Judith

12 List of Images (continued) Page Artist Work 275 Giorgione Castelfranco Altarpiece 275 Giorgione PortraitofaYouth 275 Giorgione PortraitofanOldWoman — Giorgione SleepingVenus — Giorgione TheTempest — Giorgione TheTempest(LightningDetail) — Giorgione TheTempest(Mother/ChildDetail) 279 Correggio DepositionofChrist 279 Correggio AssumptionoftheVirgin 279 Correggio AssumptionoftheVirgin(Detail) 280 Correggio MadonnaandChildwithMaryMagdaleneandSt.Jerome 280 Correggio and the 280 Correggio JupiterandIo 281 Correggio Noli Me Tangere 281 Correggio HolyNight 281 Correggio AgonyintheGarden 286 Oddi Altarpiece 286 Raphael Citt`adi Castello Altarpiece 286 Raphael Perugino and Raphael 287 Raphael MadonnaoftheGoldfinch 288 Raphael MadonnaandChild,Saints,andAngels(Padua) 289 Raphael AgnoloandMaddalenaDoni 289 Raphael Canigiano Madonna 290 Raphael EntombmentofChrist 291 Raphael SchoolofAthens 292 Raphael SchoolofAthens(Detail:PlatoandAristotle) 292 Raphael School of Athens (Detail: Heraclitus/Michelangelo) 292 Raphael School of Athens (Detail: Euclid/Bramante) 292 Raphael SchoolofAthens(Detail:St.Matthew) 292 Raphael School of Athens (Detail: Raphael Self-Portrait) 293 Raphael Stanza della Segnatura Ceiling 294 Raphael 294 Raphael Parnassus (Detail: Homer, Dante, Virgil) 294 Raphael Parnassus (Detail: and Muses) 295 Raphael Disput`a

13 List of Images (continued) Page Artist Work 295 Raphael Disput`a(Detail:FourApostles) 295 Raphael Disput`a(Detail: Mary and Jesus) 296 Raphael PopeGregoryApprovingtheDiscretals 296 Raphael Julius II 297 Raphael Prophet Isaiah 298 Raphael Triumph of 298 Raphael MadonnaofFoligno 300 Raphael Liberation of St. Peter 301 Raphael ExpulsionofHeliodorus 302 Raphael HeliodorusCeiling 303 Raphael Heliodorus (Detail: Leo X) 304 Raphael St. Cecilia 305 Raphael BindoAltoviti 305 Raphael MadonnaofImpannata 305 Raphael Leo X and Cardinals 307 Raphael Christ Carrying the Cross 308 Raphael Fire in the Borgo 309 Raphael BattleofOstia 310 Raphael Coronation of Francis I 312 Raphael SistineMadonna 312 Raphael SistineMadonna(Detail:Angels) 312 Raphael SistineMadonna(Detail:FallenAngels) 312 Raphael 312 Raphael La Fornarina (Detail) 314 Raphael Transfiguration of Christ 314 Raphael Transfiguration of Christ (Detail) 331 Michelangelo Battle of Hercules and the Centaurs 333 Michelangelo Santo Spirito Crucifix 333 Michelangelo AngelHoldingaCandelabrum 333 Michelangelo St.Petronius 335 Michelangelo 335 Michelangelo Piet`a 335 Michelangelo Piet`a(Detail) 338 Michelangelo David 340 Michelangelo BrugesMadonna

14 List of Images (continued) Page Artist Work 340 Michelangelo Bruges Madonna (Detail) 340 Michelangelo DoniTondo 341 Michelangelo Drawingfor Battle of Cascina 343 Michelangelo TombofPopeJuliusII 344 Michelangelo DyingSlave 344 Michelangelo Awakening Slave 345 Michelangelo 349 Michelangelo Sistine Chapel Panorama 354 Michelangelo SistineChapelCeiling — Michelangelo DesignSchemeforCeiling 355 Michelangelo SeparationofLightfromDarkness 355 Michelangelo CreationoftheSun,Moon,andPlants 355 Michelangelo Separation of Earth and Waters 355 Michelangelo CreationofAdam 356 Michelangelo Creation of Eve 356 Michelangelo FallandExpulsionfromtheGardenofEden 356 Michelangelo Sacrifice of Noah 356 Michelangelo Deluge 357 Michelangelo DrunkennessofNoah 358 Michelangelo ProphetJoel 358 Michelangelo DelphicSibyl 358 Michelangelo Prophet Isaiah 358 Michelangelo Cumaean Sibyl 358 Michelangelo LibyanSibyl 360 Michelangelo ProphetJonah — Michelangelo AnIgnudo 366 Michelangelo (San Lorenzo) 367 Michelangelo Christ (Santa Maria Sopra Minerva) 368 Michelangelo MediciTombs 368 Michelangelo NightandDay 368 Michelangelo TwilightandDawn 374 Michelangelo SistineChapel: LastJudgment 380 Michelangelo ChristtheJudge 380 Michelangelo Sinner 380 Michelangelo St.Bartholomew

15 List of Images (continued) Page Artist Work 380 Michelangelo St. Catherine of Alexandria 381 Michelangelo Hell 381 Michelangelo Charon 385 Michelangelo Piet`a 387 Michelangelo ModelofDomeofSt.PeterCathedral 388 Michelangelo Interior of Dome of St. Peter Cathedral 388 Michelangelo Dome of St. Peter Cathedral 444 Titian Gentleman of the Barberigo Family (“The Blue Sleeve”) 445 Titian EcceHomo 446 Titian MiracleoftheHealedFoot 446 Titian St.MarkandOtherSaints 447 Titian FeastoftheGods(GiovanniBellini) 447 Titian FeastoftheGods(Detail) 448 Titian 448 Titian DukeAlfonsowithaCannon 449 Titian AssumptionoftheVirgin 449 Titian Pesaro Altarpiece 449 Titian Pesaro Altarpiece (Detail) 449 Titian JohntheBaptist 450 Titian DogeAndreaGritti 450 Titian DogeAndreaGritti(Detail) 450 Titian Murder of St. Peter Martyr 451 Titian PresentationoftheVirgintotheTemple 451 Titian PresentationoftheVirgin(Detail) 452 Titian PietroAretino 452 Titian Pope Paul III 453 Titian VenusofUrbino — Titian GiorgioneandTitian 453 Titian Pentecost 454 Titian Sacrifice of Isaac 454 Titian Self-Portrait 454 Titian PopePaulIIIwithhisNephews 455 Titian , Danae, Danae 455 Titian Danae (Vienna) 456 Titian Annunciation

16 List of Images (continued) Page Artist Work 456 Titian Charles V in Armor 456 Titian PhilipIIofSpain 457 Titian VenusandAdonis 457 Titian RapeofEuropa 459 Titian Martyrdom of St. Lawrence 459 Titian Penitent Magdalene 461 Titian Piet`a 461 Titian MadonnaandChild 461 Titian Self-PortraitatAboutAge80

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