Corporate Enclaves TABLE of CONTENTS
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Does the International Narcotics Control Board
Clark JD, Johnson M, Fabowale B, Farrelly M, Currow D. Does the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) sufficiently prioritise enablement of access to therapeutic opioids? A systematic critical analysis of six INCB annual reports, 1968-2018. Journal of Global Health Reports. 2020;4:e2020042. Research Articles Does the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) sufficiently prioritise enablement of access to therapeutic opioids? A systematic critical analysis of six INCB annual reports, 1968-2018 Joseph D Clark 1, Miriam Johnson 1 , Blessing Fabowale 1, Michael Farrelly 2 , David Currow 3 1 Wolfson Palliative Care Research Centre, University of Hull, Hull, UK , 2 Faculty of Arts Cultures and Education, University of Hull, Hull, UK , 3 Wolfson Palliative Care Research Centre, University of Hull, Hull, UK; IMPACCT, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia Keywords: opioids, analgesics, narcotics, drug legislation, controlled substances, pain management, palliative care Journal of Global Health Reports Vol. 4, 2020 Background The International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) has overseen international drug control since 1968 with the dual remit of restricting illicit production and use of controlled substances, whilst enabling access for clinical purposes. Two opioid crises are present under its jurisdiction: i) abuse, dependence and premature mortality in high-income countries; and ii) inadequate supply of opioids for clinical purposes for most of the world represented almost exclusively by low- and middle-income countries. Methods Systematic critical analysis using corpus linguistics as a method of document analysis to investigate the regulatory climate promoted by the INCB, through language used regarding opioids in a representative sample of annual Reports, 1968-2018. -
Australian Drug Law Reform Foundation
Can Australia respond to drugs more eFectively and safely? Roundtable report of law enforcement and other practitioners, researchers and advocates. Sydney, September 2015 Editors1 Roundtable Mick Palmer, report of Alex law enforcement Wodak, Bob and other Douglas practitioners, and Lyn researchers Stephens and advocates. Sydney, September 2015 “You are hamstrung by restrictions about what you can and cannot do. In alcohol prohibition in the United States the treatment of people with alcohol problems disappeared. You try and get treatment for your alcohol problem in Saudi Arabia today and it is not available. One of the negatives about drug prohibition when we see everything through a criminal justice lens is that drug treatment sufers. That is because it is treated as an adjunct to law enforcement rather than redefining the issue primarily as a health and social problem such as breast cancer, diabetes, high blood pressure. If we treated the drug problem as a health and social problem we would have new and better ways to manage it.” [Participant comment] Title for media purposes: “Can Australia respond to drugs more efectively and safely?” Australia21 Ltd ABN 25096242410 CAN 096242410 PO Box 3244, Weston, ACT 2611 Phone: 02 6288 0823 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.australia21.org.au Design by Lester Bunnell, Paper Monkey ISBN: 978-0-9953842-1-7 Published: November 2016 Can Australia respond to drugs more eFectively and safely? Editors Mick Palmer, Alex Wodak, Bob Douglas and Lyn Stephens Roundtable report of law enforcement and other practitioners, researchers and advocates. Sydney, September 2015 While this report has been prepared for Australia21 in consultation with the participants, the views expressed do not reflect the views of all participants on every issue. -
Plan Mexico? Towards an Integrated Approach in the War on Drugs
SMALL WARS JOURNAL smallwarsjournal.com Plan Mexico? Towards an Integrated Approach in the War on Drugs by Alfonso Reyes The illegal drug trade has been present in Mexico since the beginning of the twentieth century when prohibition of the opium trade started. Since then, the social harm of the illegal drug trade in all its forms has been constantly increasing. Today, the most obvious example of the social harm of the illegal drug trade in Mexico is drug-related crime. As a result, Mexican authorities have launched a frontal attack against the drug cartels in an effort to reduce drug- related violence. However, the results of these efforts have not been as expected. One of the main problems that Mexican authorities face in their war on drugs is the lack of a well- coordinated anti-drug strategy to fight the illegal drug trade. Further, the efforts made by the Mexican government are based on a supply-reduction approach that has proved ineffective both in Mexico and around the world over the last century because it is not aimed at the social roots of the illegal drug trade. Thus, Mexico’s war on drugs has become a never-ending story. This thesis traces this history and then proposes a broader integrated approach based on attacking the roots of the illegal drug trade in Mexico. Part I: The “War on Drugs” in Mexico For more than ten years, the Mexican ment forces in the latter’s unsuccessful at- government has been following the same tempt to curtail or eliminate the illegal drug anti-drug policy in an effort to deter the il- trade. -
LSE-IDEAS-Ending the Drug Wars
Ending the Drug Wars Report of the LSE Expert Group on the Economics of Drug Policy Ending the Drug Wars Report of the LSE Expert Group on the Economics of Drug Policy, May 2014 Foreword It is time to end the ‘war on drugs’ and massively redirect resources towards effective evidence-based policies underpinned by rigorous economic analysis. The pursuit of a militarised and enforcement-led global ‘war on drugs’ strategy has produced enormous negative outcomes and collateral damage. These include mass incarceration in the US, highly repressive policies in Asia, vast corruption and political destabilisation in Afghanistan and West Africa, immense violence in Latin America, an HIV epidemic in Russia, an acute global shortage of pain medication and the propagation of systematic human rights abuses around the world. The strategy has failed based on its own terms. Evidence shows that drug prices have been declining while purity has been increasing. This has been despite drastic increases in global enforcement spending. Continuing to spend vast resources on punitive enforcement-led policies, generally at the expense of proven public health policies, can no longer be justified. The United Nations has for too long tried to enforce a repressive, ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach. It must now take the lead in advocating a new cooperative international framework based on the fundamental acceptance that different policies will work for different countries and regions. This new global drug strategy should be based on principles of public health, harm reduction, illicit market impact reduction, expanded access to essential medicines, minimisation of problematic consumption, rigorously monitored regulatory experimentation and an unwavering commitment to principles of human rights. -
Whats Inside This Edition of LONDONCALLING?
Welcome once again to London Calling, our third edition at Tysers. We have our usual mix of articles, interviews and features as well pictures of their day in Lloyd’s. We should never as details on some of Tysers various product forget the debt we owe such people. lines. We received tremendous feedback NEWS from our last edition earlier in the year, and The market remains stubbornly stuck in a negative London Calling was circulated to over 20,000 gear, highly over-capitalised, particularly so in liability people in the insurance sector both in London lines of business, with almost saturation levels of and throughout the United States. competing markets bringing down rates and with it We are delighted to feature in this edition, underwriting standards. Blind pursuit of volume and Lloyd’s of London’s new Chief Executive Officer, market share will continue unabated until a correction, the outstanding Inga Beale, giving London which we believe is some way away. The much improved Calling a 20 questions interview, also stalwart There is however, genuinely better news on the economic situation underwriter, economic front as the United States (and the UK) have some cogentDavid thoughts Nicholson from ofWes Beazley. Butcher We achieve considerable growth and are now driving should prove to be a of Atrium. On a lighter note we have Camp strongly away from the recession that has so dented economic fortunes throughout the world big boost all round” Freddie (aka Paul Emuss) detailing his Italian charity scooter ride, our regular ‘Dear Bill’ since 2008. David Doe letter competition as well as ‘name the face’ a It has been a long time coming, but the much Editor picture of a leading market figure in an unusual improved economic situation should prove to be a situation. -
Just Say No (For Now): the Ethics of Illegal Drug Use1
DOI: 10.31009/LEAP.2017.V5.01 Just Say No (For Now): The Ethics of Illegal Drug Use1 MATHIEU DOUCET University of Waterloo ABSTRACT The war on drugs is widely criticized as unjust. The idea that the laws prohibiting drugs are unjust can easily lead to the conclusion that those laws do not deserve our respect, so that our only moral reason to obey them flows from a general moral obligation to obey the law, rather than from anything morally troubling about drug use itself. In this paper, I argue that this line of thinking is mistaken. I begin by arguing that the drug laws are indeed unjust. However, so long as they remain prohibited, I argue that we have strong moral reasons to avoid drug use. First, drug users are partly responsible for the violent and exploitative conditions in which many drugs are produced and distributed. Second, the unequal ways in which drug laws are enforced make drug use by many an unethical exercise of privilege. These reasons do not depend on the existence of a general moral obligation to obey the law; we ought to refrain from illegal drug use even if prohibition is unjust and even if we have no general obligation to obey the law. In fact, drug laws turn out to represent an interesting exception case within the broader debate about this obligation, and I argue that it is the very injustice of the law that generates the reasons not to violate it. Keywords: war on drugs, obligation, drugs, consumer ethics 1. INTRODUCTION Is it unethical to use illegal drugs? According to one way of thinking about this question, the answer depends on our views about the ethics of obedience to the law. -
Oxycodone Import Policy Consultation Paper
OXYCODONE IMPORT POLICY A consultation paper OXYCODONE IMPORT POLICY A consultation paper Contents Consultation Summary 5 1. Introduction 7 2. Background 8 3. Issues 12 4. Options 14 5. The Government’s preferred option 16 6. Consultation responses 17 Annex A: Consultation StageImpact Assessment 20 3 OXYCODONE IMPORT POLICY A consultation paper Consultation Summary Scope of the consultation Topic of this This consultation focuses on the Government’s policy on the import of consultation: oxycodone to the UK, with particular reference to import for re-export. Scope of this The Government is reviewing its existing policy on the import of oxycodone to consultation: the UK. The purpose of this consultation is to re-examine the policy from first principles and gather information and opinions from stakeholders. This consultation will focus on three key areas: the UK’s obligations under the relevant UN conventions; the NHS’s requirements for a secure supply of diamorphine; and competition issues in the UK pharmaceuticals market. Geographical This policy applies to the whole of the United Kingdom. scope: Impact A consultation stage impact assessment has been prepared and can be found assessment (IA): at annex A. Basic Information To: We are particularly keen to hear from businesses or organisations directly involved in the trade in, and/or manufacture of, oxycodone. We are also keen to hear from those involved in health care who use diamorphine, and those involved in issues around drug misuse. Duration: This consultation was published on 23 November 2009. It will close on 15 February 2010. Enquiries and By post: responses: Oxycodone Consultation Drugs Licensing and Compliance Unit 4th Floor Fry Building 2 Marsham Street London SW1P 4DF By email: [email protected] Additional ways As this is a largely technical issue, of specialist interest, this will be a purely to become written exercise. -
WEAPONS LOCKER by Jerry Epperson and Jeff Grubb
MHAC-8 From the Producers of the DUNGEONS & DRAGONS™ Game 6668 OFFICIAL GAME ACCESSORY WEAPONS LOCKER By Jerry Epperson and Jeff Grubb TM All Marvel characters and the distinctive likenesses thereof The names of characters used herein are fictitious and do are trademarks of the Marvel Comics Group. MARVEL not refer to any person living or dead. Any descriptions SUPER HEROES and MARVEL SUPER VILLAINS are trade- including similarities to persons living or dead are merely marks of the Marvel Comics Group. Copyright ©1985 Marvel TSR, Inc. coincidental. DUNGEONS & DRAGONS, PRODUCTS OF Comics Group, a division of Cadence Industries Corpora- PRODUCTS OF YOUR IMAGINATION™ YOUR IMAGINATION, and the TSR logo are trademarks tion. All Rights Reserved. Printed in U.S.A. owned by TSR, Inc. Game Design ©1985 TSR, Inc. All Rights Reserved IRON MAN’S™ ARMOR DESIGN BY ANTHONY STARK BUILT BY STARK INTERNATIONAL UPPER SURFACE HIGH EFFICIENCY ACTIVATED CESIUM SOLAR ENERGY COLLECTORS MAJOR SUIT MOVEMENT AVERAGE ROUTINE COMPUTER MAGNETIC ASSEMBLY EFFECTOR BEAM PATTERN OXYGEN SUPPLY POWER PODS (STORE LARGE AMOUNTS OF ENERGY) PALM SATELLITE REPULSOR TRANSCEIVING ANTENNA MICRO-SCALE SUIT TILES FABRICATED BY GENETICALLY SATELLITE ENGINEERED METAL AFFINITY TRANSCEIVER BACTERIA WHICH ASSEMBLE COMPUTER THEMSELVES IN SPECIFIC READOUT NAVIGATION ORDERLY ARRAYS, THEN DISPLAY COMPUTER EXPIRE, LEAVING BEHIND VARIOUS METALLIC DEPOSITS WHICH FORM ALL THE METAL HATCH SHAPES AND MICRO- ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS REPULSOR PLASMA GENERATOR PLASMA TIMING COMPUTER AND POWER GENERATORS -
Marvel Comics Avengers Chronological Appearances by Bob Wolniak
Marvel Comics Avengers Chronological Appearances By Bob Wolniak ased initially on the Bob Fronczak list from Avengers Assemble and Avengers Forever websites. But unlike Mr. B Fronczak’s list (that stops about the time of Heroes Reborn) this is NOT an attempt at a Marvel continuity (harmony of Marvel titles in time within the fictional universe), but Avengers appearances in order in approx. real world release order . I define Avengers appearances as team appearances, not individual Avengers or even in some cases where several individual Avengers are together (but eventually a judgment call has to be made on some of those instances). I have included some non-Avengers appearances since they are important to a key storyline that does tie to the Avengers, but noted if they did not have a team appearance. Blue (purple for WCA & Ultimates) indicates an Avengers title , whether ongoing or limited series. I have decided that Force Works is not strictly an Avengers title, nor is Thunderbolts, Defenders or even Vision/Scarlet Witch mini- series, although each book correlates, crosses over and frequently contains guest appearances of the Avengers as a team. In those cases, the individual issues are listed. I have also decided that individual Avengers’ ongoing or limited series books are not Avengers team appearances, so I have no interest in the tedious tracking of every Captain America, Thor, Iron Man, or Hank Pym title unless they contain a team appearance or x-over . The same applies to Avengers Spotlight (largely a Hawkeye series, with other individual appearances), Captain Marvel, Ms. Marvel, Vision, Wonder Man, Hulk, She-Hulk, Black Panther, Quicksilver, Thunderstrike, War Machine, Black Widow, Sub-Mariner, Hercules, and other such books or limited series. -
Fending Off Fentanyl and Hunting Down Heroin Controlling Opioid Supply from Mexico
THE OPIOID CRISIS IN AMERICA Domestic and International Dimensions PAPER SERIES | JULY 2020 Fending off fentanyl and hunting down heroin Controlling opioid supply from Mexico Vanda Felbab-Brown Fending off fentanyl and hunting down heroin: Controlling opioid supply from Mexico Vanda Felbab-Brown Brookings Institution THE OPIOID CRISIS IN AMERICA Domestic and International Dimensions A paper series from the Foreign Policy and Global Economy & Development programs at Brookings Acknowledgements I am grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their very helpful suggestions. Many thanks go also to Bradley Porter for great research assistance and Ted Reinert for his excellent editing and David Batcheck for layout. The Brookings Institution is a nonprofit organization devoted to independent research and policy solutions. Its mission is to conduct high-quality, independent research and, based on that research, to provide innovative, practical recommendations for policymakers and the public. The conclusions and recommendations of any Brookings publication are solely those of its author(s), and do not reflect the views of the Institution, its management, or its other scholars. Brookings recognizes that the value it provides is in its absolute commitment to quality, independence and impact. Activities supported by its donors reflect this commitment and the analysis and recommendations are not determined or influenced by any donation. A full list of contributors to the Brookings Institution can be found in the Annual Report at www.brookings.edu/about-us/annual-report/. THE OPIOID CRISIS IN AMERICA BROOKINGS INSTITUTION Executive summary This paper explores policy options for responding to the supply of heroin and synthetic opioids from Mexico to the United States. -
EVENTS POTENTIALLY POTENTIALLY POTENTIALLY UNDONE by HANK PYM's DEATH (And Resulting Resulting Ripple Effects)
EVENTS POTENTIALLY UNDONE BYBYBY HANK PYM’S DEATH (and resulting ripple effects) Brian Michael Bendis Publicado originalmente en Tumblr el 2 de mayo de 2013. https://brianmichaelbendis.tumblr.com/post/49489930167/so-would-you- consider-sharing-those-ideas-as-to I will share this with you... this was the doc created to reverse Engineer the Marvel universe based on the death of Hank Pym... Get ready to get dizzy :) 1 - Creation of Ultron A - No Vision 1 - No marriage to Scarlet Witch/Immortus plan to prevent her from breeding possibly derailed 2 - No birth of children (Speed & Wiccan of Young Avengers) 3 - No undoing of their children, which Immortus engineered in part to ensure Scarlet Witch’s mental instability and thus pliability a – Mephisto and Master Pandemonium affected 4 - No Leonia, NJ-based events (Vision and Scarlet Witch maxi-series) a - No opportunity for Crystal to meet and have affair with Norman Webster 1 - No divorce from Quicksilver 5 - No defeating Salem’s Seven a – they conquer the witch town of New Salem, and we have an entire town of evil black mages working against humanity 6 – Does not form West Coast Avengers 7 - No Scarlet Witch insanity a – No Disassembled deaths of Ant-Man/Lang, Jack of Hearts, Vision destruction b – No M/M-Day/Decimation 1 - Hundreds of X-Men/mutant stories undone 8 - Grim Reaper’s Lethal Legion potentially defeat and slay Avengers (Captain America, Black Panther, Quicksilver and Scarlet Witch) a - Thousands of ripple effects from those deaths b - Grim Reaper won’t later feel the need to revive his “dead” brother Wonder Man as a zombie, which means Wonder Man presumably remains dormant 9 - Vision not present as one of the Dead Avengers who save the living Avengers during the Chaos War. -
Life Before Pharmacare
LIFE BEFORE PHARMACARE Report on the Canadian Health Coalition’s Hearings into a Universal Public Drug Plan LIFE BEFORE PHARMACARE: Report on the Canadian Health Coalition’s Hearings into a Universal Public Drug Plan November 2008 isbn 978-1-897569-07-8 Please make a donation to the CCPA... Help us continue to offer our publications free online. The Canadian Centre for policy alternatives make most of our publications available free on our website. Making a donation or taking out a membership will help us continue to provide people with access to our ideas and research free of charge. You can make a donation or become a member on-line at www.policyalternatives. ca. Or you can contact the National office at 613-563-1341 for more information. Suggested donation for this publication: $10 or what you can afford. This report is available free of charge from the CCPA website at www.policyalternatives.ca. Printed copies may be ordered through the National Office for a $12 fee. 410 – 75 Albert Street, Ottawa, Ontario k1p 5e7 tel 613-563-1341 email [email protected] www.policyalternatives.ca 2841 Riverside Drive Ottawa, Ontario K1V 8X7 www.medicare.ca CONTENTS Summary: Life Before Pharmacare .............................................................................5 1 Canadians Speak Up About the Suffering Caused by Inaction on Pharmacare ......7 2 The Reasons for Inequity .....................................................................................9 3 Problems Caused by Excessive Drug Costs and the Patchwork Approach ...........11