Saint-Malo by Geir Sør-Reime
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World of Stamps: Saint-Malo By Geir Sør-Reime The Brittany city of Saint-Malo has a long record of signifi- cant impact on world history and is itself a picturesque and charming medieval city, a truly touristic paradise. I attended a conference in Saint-Malo last year and had the opportunity to explore parts of the city and to experience the flavor of such an old and dense city. The fortified part of the city lies on an island at the mouth of the River Rance. The city is based around a monastic settlement from the early 6th century and is named after a certain Saint Malo. Later, the city became the home of the so-called Corsairs, privateers/pirates, who forced British ships in the Channel to pay tribute, but also explored lands far afield. The 60c value of the 1969 de- finitive series of the Seychelles depicts corsairs in fight (Sc.264). Seychelles 1969 Cor- The discoverer of Canada, Jacques sairs in fight (Sc. 264). Cartier, lived in and sailed from Saint- Issue 46 - October 3, 2014 - StampNewsOnline.net If you enjoy this article, and are not already a subscriber, for $12 a year you can enjoy 60+ pages a month. To subscribe, email [email protected] France 2007 Aspects of Life in the French Regions, here Saint-Malo (Sc. 3299h). Malo, and the first settlers of the Falkland Islands also c a m e f r o m Saint-Malo, giving them i t s F r e n c h name Iles Ma- louines, and h e n c e t h e Spanish Islas Malvinas, the islands of the people from St.Malo. Saint-Malo has been featured on some French stamps. In 1938, a 20f. stamp featuring a view of Saint-Malo was issued (Sc. 347). During WWII, this stamp was re-issued with a 10f. surcharge in red (Sc. 413). The ramparts of St. Malo were also depicted on a 1945 semi-postal (Sc. B200). The latter was is- sued in aid of victims of the August 1944 fire that destroyed large parts of the walled city (which was rebuilt 1948-60). In 2007, one of the Aspects of Life in the French Regions stamp showed a view of St. Malo (Sc. 3299h, above). A won- derful aerial view of the city appears on a 2006 pre-stamped envelope (issued as a set of five devoted to the Rum-Route from Guadeloupe to Saint-Malo). France 2006 pre-stamped enve- lope with aerial view of Saint- Malo, and a recent photo Issue 46 - October 3, 2014 - StampNewsOnline.net Fishermen from Saint-Malo were ac- tive on the Newfoundland banks, and a traditional Saint-Malo fishing schooner was the motif of the 1942 Free French definitive stamps for St.Pierre and St. Pierre and Mique- Miquelon (Sc. 300-313). lon 1942 Free French In the year issue showing Saint- 1600, the ship Malo fishing schooner L’Esperance left (from Sc. 300-313) Saint-Malo and sailed to Newfoundland and Canada, and probably also called at St. Pierre St. Pierre and Miquelon and Miquelon. The latter issued a 1969 showing ship stamp in 1969 illustrating the ship L’Esperance leaving leaving Saint-Malo (Sc. C43). Saint-Malo (Sc. C43) Saint-Malo has also been impor- tant for the sea connections between France, the Channel Islands and Eng- land. In 1988, one of Jersey’s Europa stamps featured a hydrofoil boat serv- Jersey 1988 Europa ing this route, with a background of showing hydrofoil Mont Orgueil Castle on Jersey and the boat crossing between old city of Saint-Louis (Sc. 454). Saint-Malo and Jersey Jacques Cart- (Sc. 454) ier was born in Saint-Malo in 1491. In 1534, he set sail for his expedition into what was to become Canada. He had already made voyages to New- France 1934, 400th An- foundland and Brazil. niversary of Cartier’s This first expedition expedition (Sc. 297) lasted from April till September, when he returned to Saint-Malo. He discovered new lands south of Newfoundland, what is now known as the Canadian Maritime Provinces and what is now known as the Gulf of St. Canada 1934, Lawrence. Cartier’s arrival at His second expedition, 1535-36, when Quebec (Sc. 208) he sailed up the St.Lawrence river up to the Issue 46 - October 3, 2014 - StampNewsOnline.net rapids where Montreal is now located. He overwintered close to an Indian settlement where Quebec is now located. His third voyage, 1541-42, established the colony Charles- bourg-Royal along the St.Lawrence River. In 2006, the ar- chaeological remains of this colony were discovered. Cartier was the first to use Canada, originally a Huron- Iroquois word for “village”, as a name for the lands along the St. Lawrence River. T w o 1 9 3 4 French stamps portrayed Cartier (Sc. 296-297, see page 3) and were issued to com- Canada 1908 Cartier m e m o r a t e t h e Canada 1908 Carti- and Champlain (Sc. 97) 400th anniversary er’s arrival at Quebec (Sc. 103) of his discovery of Canada. Canada also a single stamp for this event (Sc. 208, page 3), depicting his arrival at Quebec. Canada had already issued a series of eight stamps 1908 for the 300th anniversary of Quebec (Sc. 96-103). The 1d. stamp of this set featured portraits of Jacques Cartier and Samuel de Champlain, and the 20c. value the scene of Cartier’s arrival at Que- bec. Jacques Cartier had in fact already been portrayed on the Colony of Canada’s 1855 10p. Canada 1978 repro- stamp (Sc. 7) and the ducing a pair of Sc. 7 17c. value of Canada’s Canada 1859 (Sc. 754) 1859 stamps (Sc. 19) Cartier (Sc. 19) In 1984, a joint is- sue with Canada cele- brated the 450th anni- versary of his discovery (France, Sc. 1923, Can- France 1984 Cartier ada, Sc. 1011). Right, (Sc. 1923) an additional Canadian stamp celebrated the Tall Ships Race between Issue 46 - October 3, 2014 - StampNewsOnline.net Saint-Malo and Quebec, which also celebrated the 450th anniversary of the dis- covery (Sc. 1012). One of the Cana- dian 1992 stamps for the 350th anniversary Canada 1992 with Cartier’s chart of Canada (Sc. 1406, of Montreal upper right stamp) in souvenir sheet (Sc. 1407a) reproduced Jacques Cartier’s chart of Canada (Sc. 1406). Cartier was also portrayed on a 1970 air post stamp of St. Pierre and Miquelon (Sc. C48). The Saint-Malo connection with the Falkland Islands goes back to Jacques Gouin de Beauchêne (1652–1730), a native of S a i n t - M a l o , who in 1701 discovered the southernmost island of the Falklands, now named after him, Beauchene Island. This island is now uninhabited, but there have been tempo- rary occupations for seal hunting etc., and Falkland Islands ruins of buildings are found. A Falkland 1990 Beauchene Islands 1990 stamp depicts albatrosses on Island (Sc. 521) Beauchene Island (Sc. 521). Argentina still calls these islands the Malvinas, and Argen- tina has reasserted its claim to the islands through several stamps. In 1982, Argentine troops even invaded and briefly Issue 46 - October 3, 2014 - StampNewsOnline.net Left to right, Argentina 1982 “The Malvinas are Argentine” overprint (Sc. 1338); Argentina 1987 recalling Spanish governorship of the Malvinas during 18th century (Sc. 1606); Argentina 2012 for claim to the Malvinas occupied the islands, before a massive British counter-attack overwhelmed them and British rule was restored. René Duguay-Trouin (born in Saint-Malo 1673, died 1736) was a corsair with a brilliant privateering and naval career and eventually became Admiral in the French fleet. He was knighted in 1709. In the years 1702-09 he captured several British naval vessels in the War of the Spanish Succession, and in 1711, he even managed to capture the city of Rio de Janeiro and held the governor there for France 1973 ransom. He was portrayed on a 1973 semi- (Sc. B467) postal (Sc. B467) Another famous explorer from Saint-Malo is Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne (1724- 1772). Very young he made a career in the French Navy, and eventually settled in Port Louis on Mauritius, but in 1769, he embarked on his exploration expedition to search for the southern continent. En route, he first discov- ered the Prince Edward Islands and the Crozet TAAF 1992 du Islands, before he turned towards Australia Fresne (Sc. 170) and landed on Tasmania and started, as the first European, to explore the island. He also communicated with the Tasmanian aboriginals. He then continued to New Zealand, which he reached in 1772. After some time, the aboriginal Maoris became hostile towards him and he was killed in an attack and eaten along with 26 of his men. Issue 46 - October 3, 2014 - StampNewsOnline.net TAAF 1993 20th an- niversary of research vessel Marion Du- fresne (Sc. 184) Dufresne was honored TAAF 1973 Dufresne’s with a French Southern ship Le Mascarin (Sc. & Antarctic Territories C29) (TAAF) stamp in 1992 (Sc. 170, page 6). His ship Le Mascarin was shown on a 1974 air post stamp (Sc. C29). A re- search ship was named in his honor, and the 20th anniversary of this ship was marked with a 1993 single stamp (Sc. 184). For a time, this French territory was served by MV Marion Dufresne II (photo) A 1999 stamp booklet traced a voyage of this ship to the various parts of the territory (Sc. 257). It was also depicted on TAAF 1999 ship Marion Dufresne docked on Reunion (Sc.