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TESIS FRAKSINASI DAN KARAKTERISASI EKSTRAK ETANOL BUAH PANDAN JERONGGI (Iris Domestica (L.) Goldblatt & Mabb)

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TESIS FRAKSINASI DAN KARAKTERISASI EKSTRAK ETANOL BUAH PANDAN JERONGGI (Iris Domestica (L.) Goldblatt & Mabb) TESIS FRAKSINASI DAN KARAKTERISASI EKSTRAK ETANOL BUAH PANDAN JERONGGI (Iris domestica (L.) Goldblatt & Mabb) SERTA UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DARI MASING-MASING FRAKSI OLEH : JON KENEDY MARPAUNG NIM 147014039 PROGRAM STUDI MAGISTER FAKULTAS FARMASI UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2020 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA FRAKSINASI DAN KARAKTERISASI EKSTRAK ETANOL BUAH PANDAN JERONGGI (Iris domestica (L.) Goldblatt & Mabb) SERTA UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DARI MASING-MASING FRAKSI TESIS Diajukan sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Magister Farmasi pada Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Sumatera Utara OLEH : JON KENEDY MARPAUNG NIM 147014039 PROGRAM STUDI MAGISTER FAKULTAS FARMASI UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2020 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA PENGESAHAN TESIS FRAKSINASI DAN KARAKTERISASI EKSTRAK ETANOL BUAH PANDAN JERONGGI (Iris domestica (L.) Goldblatt & Mabb) SERTA UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DARI MASING-MASING FRAKSI OLEH : JON KENEDY MARPAUNG NIM 147014039 Disetujui Oleh : Komisi Pembimbing, Komisi Penguji, Dr. Panal Sitorus, M.Si.,Apt Prof. Dr. Masfria, M.S.,Apt NIP 195310301980031002 NIP 195707231986012001 Prof. Dr. Dwi Suryanto, M.Sc Dr. M. Pandapotan Nst, MPS.,Apt. NIP 196424091994031003 NIP 194908111976031001 Dr. Panal Sitorus, M.Si.,Apt NIP 195310301980031002 Prof. Dr. Dwi Suryanto, M.Sc NIP 196424091994031003 Medan, 19 Agustus 2020 Mengetahui, Disahkan Oleh: Ketua Program Studi, Dekan, Prof. Dr. Urip Harahap, Apt Prof. Dr. Masfria, M.S.,Apt NIP 195301011983031004 NIP 195707231986012001 iii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA PERSETUJUAN TESIS Nama : Jon Kenedy Marpaung Nomor Induk Mahasiswa : 147014039 Program Studi : Magister Ilmu Farmasi Judul Tesis : Fraksinasi Ekstrak Etanol dan Karakterisasi Ekstrak Etanol Buah Pandan Jeronggi (Irisdomestica (L.) Goldblatt & Mabb) Serta Uji Aktifitas Antibakteri dari Masing-Masing Fraksi Telah diuji dan dinyatakan LULUS di depan Komisi Penguji Tesis Pada Hari Kamis, 30 Januari 2020 Menyetujui : Komisi Penguji Tesis, Ketua : Dr. Panal Sitorus, M.Si.,Apt Sekertaris : Prof. Dr. Dwi Suryanto, M.Sc Anggota : Prof. Dr. Masfria, M.S.,Apt : Dr. M. Pandapotan Nst, MPS.,Apt iv UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS Saya yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini: Nama Mahasiswa : Jon Kenedy Marpaung Nomor Induk Mahasiswa : 147014039 Program Studi : Magister Ilmu Farmasi Judul Tesis : Fraksinasi Ekstrak Etanol dan Karakterisasi Ekstrak Etanol Buah Pandan Jeronggi (Irisdomestica (L.) Goldblatt & Mabb) Serta Uji Aktifitas Antibakteri dari Masing-Masing Fraksi Dengan ini menyatakan bahwa hasil penelitian pada Tesis yang saya buat adalah asli karya saya sendiri bukan plagist dan apabila dikemudian hari diketahui Tesis saya tersebut plagiat karena kesalahan saya sendiri, maka saya bersedia diberi sanksi apapun oleh Program Studi Magister Ilmu Farmasi Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Sumatera Utara. Saya tidak akan menuntut pihak manapun atas perbuatan saya tersebut. Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya dan dalam keadaan sehat. Medan, 30 Januari 2020 Yang Menyatakan Jon Kenedy Marpaung NIM : 147014039 v UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA KATA PENGANTAR Puji dan syukur kehadirat Allah SWT yang telah melimpahkan rahmat, karunia, dan ridhoNya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan Tesis yang berjudul “ Fraksinasi Ekstrak Etanol dan Karakterisasi Ekstrak Etanol Buah Pandan Jeronggi (Irisdomestica (L.) Goldblatt & Mabb)”. Tesis ini diajukan sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Magister Ilmu Farmasi pada Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Sumatera Utara. Pada tumbuhan ini ditemukan metabolit sekunder yang berpotensi menyembuhkan luka dan mengobati bisul. Atas dasar itulah maka dilakukan penelitian untuk memastikan potensi antibakteri terhadap bakteri gram positif dan garam negative. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Ekstrak etanol buah pandan jeronggi dapat bersifat antibakteri terhadap bakteri Gram positif dan Gram negatif. Penelitian ini diharapkan memperoleh data awal untuk kemudian dikembangkan dalam publikasi ilmiah. Pada kesempatan ini penulis menyampaikan terima kasih yang sebesar- besarnya kepada Dr. Panal Sitorus, M. Si., Apt. dan Prof. Dr. Dwi Suryanto, M.Sc. atas waktu, arahan, dan bimbingan yang diberikan selama penyelesaian Tesis ini. Pada kesempatan juga peneliti menyampaikan terima kasih kepada Prof. Dr. Masfria, M.S., Apt., selaku Dekan Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Sumatera Utara yang telah memberikan bantuan dan fasilitas selama menjalani pendidikan di Program Magister Ilmu Farmasi Ilmu Farmasi. Kepada kedua orang tua, Ayahanda Jamaluddin Marpaung dan Ibunda Ruminah tercinta, penulis menyampaikan terima kasih dan penghargaan yang setinggi-tingginya atas semua pengorbanan, doa, dan dorongannya, sehingga Tesis ini dapat diselesaikan. Medan, 30 Januari 2020 Penulis, Jon Kenedy Marpaung NIM 147014039 vi UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA FRAKSINASI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAN KARAKTERISASI EKSTRAK ETANOL BUAH PANDAN JERONGGI (Iris domestica (L.) Goldblatt & Mabb) SERTA UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DARI MASING-MASING FRAKSI ABSTRAK Pandan Jeronggi merupakan tumbuhan yang hidup di daerah rawa pada hutan muda suku Iridaceae. Buah pandan jeronggi digunakan sebagi obat untuk menghentikan pendarahan pada Luka, untuk mengobati Luka serta digunakan sebagai obat Bisul, untuk mempercepat pematangan Bisul, anti bakteri dan Penyakit Kulit. Pada bagian buah pandan jeronggi mengandung senyawa kimia flavonoid, alkaloid, glikosida, saponin dan tanin. Tujuan Penelitian untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak etanol, fraksi n-heksan, fraksi etilasetat dan fraksi sisa (air) dari buah pandan jeronggi terhadap beberapa jenis bakteri. Karakterisasi simplisia meliputi pemeriksaan organoleptik, makroskopik simplisia, mikroskopik serbuk simplisia, penetapan kadar air dan dilakukan juga terhadap ekstrak etanol. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96% kemudian di fraksinasi dengan pelarut n-heksan dan etilasetat. Uji skrining fitokimia dilakukan terhadap serbuk simplisia dan ekstrak etanol. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan menggunakan metode difusi agar dengan mengukur diameter zona bening sekitar kertas cakram. Hasil karakterisasi simplisia dan ekstrak etanol diperoleh kadar air 9,23% dan 19,13%. Hasil uji skrining fitokimia pada ekstrak kental terdapat golongan alkaloid, flavonoida, glikosida, saponin, dan tanin. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan adanya daya hambat pada bakteri gram positif dan gram negatif. Fraksi etilasetat dan ekstrak etanol mempunyai aktivitas antibaketri tertinggi dengan konsentrasi 500 mg/ml diameter hambat 13,68 mm untuk bakteri Staphylococcus aureus,13,2 mm untuk bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis, 11,44 mm untuk bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa,10,36 mm untuk bakteri Salmonella typhi dan 10,24 untuk bakteri Klebsiella pneumonia. Pada ekstrak etanol untuk bakteri Staphylococcus aureus 12,12 mm untuk bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis, 11,80 mm untuk bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa,10,76 mm untuk bakteri Salmonella typhi 10,32 dan untuk bakteri Klebsiella pneumonia 9,94 mm, sedangkan pada fraksi sisa menunjukkan daya hambat yang tidak terlalu tinggi seperti ekstrak etanol dan fraksi etilasetat pada fraksi n- heksan tidak memiliki daya hambat.. Hasil KKt yang didapat dari fraksi etil acetat terdapat 3 (tiga) noda secara visual, dengan penyemprot AlCl3 terdapat 2 noda, dengan uap ammonia terdapat 3 noda, senyawa yang terdapat dalam fraksi etil acetat diduga sebagai aktivitas antibakteri adalah fenolik. Kata kunci: Iris domestica (L.) Goldblatt & Mabb, Antibakteri,. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, KKt. vii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA FRACTINATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF PANDAN JERONGGI FRUIT (Iris domestica (L.) Goldblatt & Mabb) AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF EACH FRACTION ABSTRACT Pandan Jeronggi of the family Iridaceae is a plant that lives in swampy areas of the rain forest. Jeronggi pandan fruit is widely used to stop bleeding of wounds, accelerating the maturation of boils, anti-bacterial for skin diseases. The Pandan Jeronggi fruit contains flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, saponins and tannins. The research aims to find out antibacterial activity of ethanol extract, n- hexane fraction, ethylacetate fraction and residual fraction (aqueous) of Pandan Jeronggi fruit against several types of bacteria. Simplisia characterization includes organoleptic, macroscopic, microscopic, determination of aqueous content and which are also carried out on ethanol extract. Extraction was accomplished by maceration using 96% ethanol as solvent then fractionated with n-hexane and ethylacetate. Phytochemical screening tests were carried out against simplicia powder and ethanol extract. Antibacterial activity test was carried out using the agar diffusion method by measuring the diameter of the clear zone around the paper disc. The results of the simplicia characterization and ethanol extract gave water content of 9.23% and 19.13%. Phytochemical screening test of extract showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, and tannins. Antibacterial activity test results shows ed the inhibition of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Growth ethyl acetate fraction and ethanol extract have the strongest antibacterial activity with a concentration of 500 mg/ ml with inhibitory diameter of 13.68 mm for Staphylococcus aureus, for Staphylococcus epidermidis 13,2 mm, and 11.44 mm for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, for Salmonella typhi 10,36 and Klebsiella pneumonia10,24
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