Giorgio Vasari's Last Supper: a Thanksgiving Celebration
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THE LATE RENAISSANCE and MANNERISM in SIXTEENTH-CENTURY ITALY 591 17 CH17 P590-623.Qxp 4/12/09 15:24 Page 592
17_CH17_P590-623.qxp 12/10/09 09:24 Page 590 17_CH17_P590-623.qxp 12/10/09 09:25 Page 591 CHAPTER 17 CHAPTER The Late Renaissance and Mannerism in Sixteenth- Century Italy ROMTHEMOMENTTHATMARTINLUTHERPOSTEDHISCHALLENGE to the Roman Catholic Church in Wittenberg in 1517, the political and cultural landscape of Europe began to change. Europe s ostensible religious F unity was fractured as entire regions left the Catholic fold. The great powers of France, Spain, and Germany warred with each other on the Italian peninsula, even as the Turkish expansion into Europe threatened Habsburgs; three years later, Charles V was crowned Holy all. The spiritual challenge of the Reformation and the rise of Roman emperor in Bologna. His presence in Italy had important powerful courts affected Italian artists in this period by changing repercussions: In 1530, he overthrew the reestablished Republic the climate in which they worked and the nature of their patron- of Florence and restored the Medici to power. Cosimo I de age. No single style dominated the sixteenth century in Italy, Medici became duke of Florence in 1537 and grand duke of though all the artists working in what is conventionally called the Tuscany in 1569. Charles also promoted the rule of the Gonzaga Late Renaissance were profoundly affected by the achievements of Mantua and awarded a knighthood to Titian. He and his suc- of the High Renaissance. cessors became avid patrons of Titian, spreading the influence and The authority of the generation of the High Renaissance prestige of Italian Renaissance style throughout Europe. would both challenge and nourish later generations of artists. -
Depicting Christ's Friends
48 Copyright 2008 Center for Christian Ethics at Baylor University This photo is available in the print version of Friendship. The many and varied depictions of the Last Supper in Christian art continue to attract us as viewers not only because of the sacramental importance of the event they represent, but also because they explore the friendships among Christ and the apostles. Flemish School (Sixteenth Century), THE LAS T SUPPER . Painted Stone. Oudheidkundig Museum van de Bijloke, Ghent, Belgium. Photo © Held Collection / The Bridgeman Art Library. Used by permission. Copyright 2008 Center for Christian Ethics at Baylor University 49 Depicting Christ’s Friends BY HEIDI J. HORNIK he many and varied depictions of the Last Supper—surely it is one of the best-loved biblical stories depicted in visual art—continue to Tattract us as viewers not only because of the sacramental importance of the event they depict, but also because they explore the friendships among Christ and the apostles. These two examples allow us to compare the representation of the Last Supper in a Northern Renaissance sculpture from Flanders (on the cover and p. 48) and an Italian Renaissance painting from Florence (see p. 50). In each object we can easily identify, for example, the intimate friendship of Christ and John the Beloved, for the artists follow a visual type for the disciple “whom Jesus loved” based on the scriptural reference of his “lying on Jesus’ breast” (John 13:23, 25, KJV). Domenico Ghirlandaio painted his fresco, The Last Supper, in the refect- ory or dining area of the Dominican monastery of San Marco in Florence. -
The Italian High Renaissance (Florence and Rome, 1495-1520)
The Italian High Renaissance (Florence and Rome, 1495-1520) The Artist as Universal Man and Individual Genius By Susan Behrends Frank, Ph.D. Associate Curator for Research The Phillips Collection What are the new ideas behind the Italian High Renaissance? • Commitment to monumental interpretation of form with the human figure at center stage • Integration of form and space; figures actually occupy space • New medium of oil allows for new concept of luminosity as light and shadow (chiaroscuro) in a manner that allows form to be constructed in space in a new way • Physiological aspect of man developed • Psychological aspect of man explored • Forms in action • Dynamic interrelationship of the parts to the whole • New conception of the artist as the universal man and individual genius who is creative in multiple disciplines Michelangelo The Artists of the Italian High Renaissance Considered Universal Men and Individual Geniuses Raphael- Self-Portrait Leonardo da Vinci- Self-Portrait Michelangelo- Pietà- 1498-1500 St. Peter’s, Rome Leonardo da Vinci- Mona Lisa (Lisa Gherardinidi Franceso del Giacondo) Raphael- Sistine Madonna- 1513 begun c. 1503 Gemäldegalerie, Dresden Louvre, Paris Leonardo’s Notebooks Sketches of Plants Sketches of Cats Leonardo’s Notebooks Bird’s Eye View of Chiana Valley, showing Arezzo, Cortona, Perugia, and Siena- c. 1502-1503 Storm Breaking Over a Valley- c. 1500 Sketch over the Arno Valley (Landscape with River/Paesaggio con fiume)- 1473 Leonardo’s Notebooks Studies of Water Drawing of a Man’s Head Deluge- c. 1511-12 Leonardo’s Notebooks Detail of Tank Sketches of Tanks and Chariots Leonardo’s Notebooks Flying Machine/Helicopter Miscellaneous studies of different gears and mechanisms Bat wing with proportions Leonardo’s Notebooks Vitruvian Man- c. -
“Sacrum Convivium”. Formas E Conteúdos Da Ceia Do Rei De Portugal Na Idade Moderna a Partir Das Figurações Icónicas
De Arte, 4, 2005, pp. 89-120 “Sacrum convivium”. Formas e conteúdos da ceia do rei de Portugal na Idade Moderna a partir das figurações icónicas Marco Daniel Duarte RESUMO. Os reis da Idade Moderna portuguesa, como os monarcas da restante Europa, tinham plena consciência da importância da alimentação e do simbolismo que, desde os tempos mais antigos da humanidade, a alimentação condensava através dos seus ritos. Faziam, assim, do acto de comer um cerimonial através do qual demonstravam o seu poder: ante os maiores do seu povo, o rei mostrava-se alimentador do seu reino e, também, alimentado pelo seu reino. Os vários ritos estavam de tal sorte associados ao ritual eucarístico que, inclusivamente, se poderá falar de um verdadeiro “sacrum convivium”. De entre as várias fontes que concorrem para esta percepção, têm um lugar primordial as fontes iconográficas (ceias, representação de festas, naturezas-mortas…), pois condensam em si, mais do que uma reprodução à maneira de reportagem, os valores que, na Idade Moderna, gravitavam em torno da sacralidade dos alimentos. Palabras‐chave: ceia, iconografia da alimentação, banquete, ritual, liturgia régia, eucaristia, natureza-morta, comida pública do rei, Última Ceia. ABSTRACT. The kings of the Portuguese Modern Age, such as the monarchs of the rest of Europe, had plain conscience of the importance of food and of the symbolism that, since the most ancient times of humanity, food condensed through its rites. They did, thus, from the act of eating a ceremonial through which they would show their power: in the face of the greatest of his people, the king showed himself as the feeder of his realm and, also, as the one who was fed by his kingdom. -
The Last Supper Seen Six Ways by Louis Inturrisi the New York Times, March 23, 1997
1 Andrea del Castagno’s Last Supper, in a former convent refectory that is now a museum. The Last Supper Seen Six Ways By Louis Inturrisi The New York Times, March 23, 1997 When I was 9 years old, I painted the Last Supper. I did it on the dining room table at our home in Connecticut on Saturday afternoon while my mother ironed clothes and hummed along with the Texaco. Metropolitan Operative radio broadcast. It took me three months to paint the Last Supper, but when I finished and hung it on my mother's bedroom wall, she assured me .it looked just like Leonardo da Vinci's painting. It was supposed to. You can't go very wrong with a paint-by-numbers picture, and even though I didn't always stay within the lines and sometimes got the colors wrong, the experience left me with a profound respect for Leonardo's achievement and a lingering attachment to the genre. So last year, when the Florence Tourist Bureau published a list of frescoes of the Last Supper that are open to the public, I was immediately on their track. I had seen several of them, but never in sequence. During the Middle Ages the ultima cena—the final supper Christ shared with His disciples before His arrest and crucifixion—was part of any fresco cycle that told His life story. But in the 15th century the Last Supper began to appear independently, especially in the refectories, or dining halls, of the convents and monasteries of the religious orders founded during the Middle Ages. -
The Last Supper
Easter | Session 2 | Uptown Good Friday Lesson The Last Supper BIBLE PASSAGE: Matthew 26; John 13 STORY POINT: Jesus and his disciples ate the first Lord’s Supper at Passover. KEY PASSAGE: Romans 10:9 BIG PICTURE QUESTION: Who saves us from our sin? Only Jesus saves us from sin. Activity page Invite kids to complete “The Lord’s Supper” on the activity page. Kids should use the code to reveal two important parts of the Lord’s Supper. (bread, cup) Each box relates to the corresponding letter’s position in the grid. SAY • In the Bible story we will hear today, Jesus ate a special meal with His disciples. The meal was usually to remember the Passover, but Jesus used the bread and the cup to talk about something even greater. Play Dough Meal Provide a lump of play dough for each kid. Invite kids to work together to sculpt items for a dinner. Kids may form cups, plates, flatware, and various foods. As kids work, ask them to describe what they are creating. SAY • Do you ever have a special meal to celebrate a holiday or event? What kinds of foods are served at that meal? Today we are going to hear about a meal Jesus ate with His disciples. We will also learn why believers still celebrate that meal today when we share the Lord’s Supper. The Bible Story Jesus’ disciples went into the city to prepare the Passover meal. When the meal was ready, Jesus and His disciples reclined at the table. Jesus knew His time on earth was almost over and He would soon return to the Father in heaven. -
Sight and Touch in the Noli Me Tangere
Chapter 1 Sight and Touch in the Noli me tangere Andrea del Sarto painted his Noli me tangere (Fig. 1) at the age of twenty-four.1 He was young, ambitious, and grappling for the first time with the demands of producing an altarpiece. He had his reputation to consider. He had the spiri- tual function of his picture to think about. And he had his patron’s wishes to address. I begin this chapter by discussing this last category of concern, the complex realities of artistic patronage, as a means of emphasizing the broad- er arguments of my book: the altarpiece commissions that Andrea received were learning opportunities, and his artistic decisions serve as indices of the religious knowledge he acquired in the course of completing his professional endeavors. Throughout this particular endeavor—from his first client consultation to the moment he delivered the Noli me tangere to the Augustinian convent lo- cated just outside the San Gallo gate of Florence—Andrea worked closely with other members of his community. We are able to identify those individuals only in a general sense. Andrea received his commission from the Morelli fam- ily, silk merchants who lived in the Santa Croce quarter of the city and who frequently served in the civic government. They owned the rights to one of the most prestigious chapels in the San Gallo church. It was located close to the chancel, second to the left of the apse.2 This was prime real estate. Renaissance churches were communal structures—always visible, frequently visited. They had a natural hierarchy, dominated by the high altar. -
The Epistemology of the ABC Method Learning to Draw in Early Modern Italy
The Epistemology of the ABC Method Learning to Draw in Early Modern Italy Nino Nanobashvili Even if some northern European drawing books in the tradition of Albrecht Durer started with a dot, a line and geometrical figures (» Fig. 1), the so-called ABC meth- od was the most popular approach in the European manuals between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries. Thus, these drawing books began by initially presenting the parts of the body in the same order: eyes, noses, mouth, ears, heads, hands, feet and so on, and continued by constructing the whole body. This method was named “ABC“ because of its basic character and because of parallelizing the drawing process of face members with letters.1 Most manuals for beginners from other fields were similarly named in general ABCs.2 Artists had been using the ABC method in their workshops at least since the mid-fifteenth century in Italy, much before the first drawing books were printed. Around 1600 it became so self-evident that a pupil should begin their drawing education with this method that one can recognize the youngest apprentices in programmatic images just by studying eyes and noses.3 Even on the ceiling of Sala del Disegno in the Roman Palazzo Zuccari the youngest student at the left of Pittura presents a piece of paper with a drafted eye, ear and mouth (» Fig. 2).4 What is the reason that the ABC method became so common at least in these three centuries? How could drawing body parts be useful at the beginning of artistic 1 In 1683, Giuseppe Mitelli arranged body parts together with letters in his drawing book Il Alfabeto del Sogno to emphasize this parallel. -
Gender Dynamics in Renaissance Florence Mary D
Early Modern Women: An Interdisciplinary Journal Vol. 11, No. 1 • Fall 2016 The Cloister and the Square: Gender Dynamics in Renaissance Florence Mary D. Garrard eminist scholars have effectively unmasked the misogynist messages of the Fstatues that occupy and patrol the main public square of Florence — most conspicuously, Benvenuto Cellini’s Perseus Slaying Medusa and Giovanni da Bologna’s Rape of a Sabine Woman (Figs. 1, 20). In groundbreaking essays on those statues, Yael Even and Margaret Carroll brought to light the absolutist patriarchal control that was expressed through images of sexual violence.1 The purpose of art, in this way of thinking, was to bolster power by demonstrating its effect. Discussing Cellini’s brutal representation of the decapitated Medusa, Even connected the artist’s gratuitous inclusion of the dismembered body with his psychosexual concerns, and the display of Medusa’s gory head with a terrifying female archetype that is now seen to be under masculine control. Indeed, Cellini’s need to restage the patriarchal execution might be said to express a subconscious response to threat from the female, which he met through psychological reversal, by converting the dangerous female chimera into a feminine victim.2 1 Yael Even, “The Loggia dei Lanzi: A Showcase of Female Subjugation,” and Margaret D. Carroll, “The Erotics of Absolutism: Rubens and the Mystification of Sexual Violence,” The Expanding Discourse: Feminism and Art History, ed. Norma Broude and Mary D. Garrard (New York: HarperCollins, 1992), 127–37, 139–59; and Geraldine A. Johnson, “Idol or Ideal? The Power and Potency of Female Public Sculpture,” Picturing Women in Renaissance and Baroque Italy, ed. -
Repositioning Plautilla Nelli's Lamentation
Conversations: An Online Journal of the Center for the Study of Material and Visual Cultures of Religion (mavcor.yale.edu) Repositioning Plautilla Nelli’s Lamentation Mary D. Garrard Fig. 1 Plautilla Nelli, Lamentation, 1550 My favorite underrated work of art is the Lamentation by Suor Plautilla Nelli (1523- 1588), the first woman artist in Renaissance Florence with an oeuvre to go with her name. This large altar painting (Fig. 1) was created for the Dominican convent of Saint Catherine of Siena, where it stood, nearly ten feet high, on a prominent altar in the convent’s public church. Located in Piazza San Marco, Santa Caterina was founded by a female disciple of Savonarola and became a major center of his spiritual legacy. Today the painting is in the museum of San Marco, the adjacent monastery from which the reformist friar preached.1 At age fourteen, Pulsinella Nelli took the veil as Plautilla and entered the convent she would serve three times as prioress. She was trained in drawing and painting, probably Conversations: An Online Journal of the Center for the Study of Material and Visual Cultures of Religion (mavcor.yale.edu) by nuns. By age thirty-five, she had created several large paintings for Santa Caterina, and was receiving income from paintings sold “outside,” perhaps to the Florentine noblemen and women who, Vasari said, owned many of her works.2 Suor Plautilla did not have access to studio training available to male artists, but since Santa Caterina was not cloistered until 1575, she was free to learn from the exceptional wealth of art visible in Florence. -
The Vincent Voice March 2021
The Vincent Voice March 2021 Vincent United Methodist Church 100 Vincent Place Nutley, NJ 07110 973-667-5440 [email protected] www.vincentumc.org Worship and Sunday School Sundays at 10:00 a.m. Dear Friends in Christ, March Worship Schedule The season of Lent has begun. Lent is a season of self-examination where we March 7 Third Sunday in Lent are to reflect on our lives in the light of the cross. It is a Special Music by Louise Cimaszewski time where we should faithfully consider committing Homily by Rev. LeDuc ourselves to a season of Weekly Worship, Daily Prayer, “24 Hours: The Denial” Daily Bible Reading, to Give Something Up, and/or to Sacrament of the Lord’s Supper Do Something Extra (see elsewhere in this newsletter for further information on this). The point of all of these is March 14 Fourth Sunday in Lent the same. It is to draw us closer to Jesus – to knowing Girl Scout Sunday him, to following him, to sharing him, and to serving Recognition of Our Girl Scouts others in his name. Special Music by Linda Baker Grimm In order to help us do this, we are sharing in a Sermon by Rev. LeDuc special Lenten worship and sermon series entitled “24 “24 Hours: The Trial” Hours.” Based on the book “24 Hours That Changed the World” by Adam Hamilton, the series is helping us walk March 21 Fifth Sunday in Lent through the closing events of Jesus’ earthly ministry. Scouts BSA Sunday We are exploring events like the Last Supper, the Recognition of Our BSA Scouts Garden of Gethsemane, the Trial, the Crucifixion… and Special Music by the Chancel Choir then the Resurrection. -
Illustrations Ij
Mack_Ftmat.qxd 1/17/2005 12:23 PM Page xiii Illustrations ij Fig. 1. Expulsion of Adam and Eve from Paradise, ca. 1015, Doors of St. Michael’s, Hildesheim, Germany. Fig. 2. Masaccio, Expulsion of Adam and Eve from Paradise, ca. 1425, Brancacci Chapel, Church of Santa Maria del Carmine, Flo- rence. Fig. 3. Bernardo Rossellino, Facade of the Pienza Cathedral, 1459–63. Fig. 4. Bernardo Rossellino, Interior of the Pienza Cathedral, 1459–63. Fig. 5. Leonardo da Vinci, The Last Supper, 1495–98, Refectory of the Monastery of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan. Fig. 6. Anonymous Pisan artist, Pisa Cross #15, late twelfth century, Museo Civico, Pisa. Fig. 7. Anonymous artist, Cross of San Damiano, late twelfth century, Basilica of Santa Chiara, Assisi. Fig. 8. Giotto di Bondone, Cruci‹xion, ca. 1305, Arena (Scrovegni) Chapel, Padua. Fig. 9. Masaccio, Trinity Fresco, ca. 1427, Church of Santa Maria Novella, Florence. Fig. 10. Bonaventura Berlinghieri, Altarpiece of St. Francis, 1235, Church of San Francesco, Pescia. Fig. 11. St. Francis Master, St. Francis Preaching to the Birds, early four- teenth century, Upper Church of San Francesco, Assisi. Fig. 12. Anonymous Florentine artist, Detail of the Misericordia Fresco from the Loggia del Bigallo, 1352, Council Chamber, Misericor- dia Palace, Florence. Fig. 13. Florentine artist (Francesco Rosselli?), “Della Catena” View of Mack_Ftmat.qxd 1/17/2005 12:23 PM Page xiv ILLUSTRATIONS Florence, 1470s, Kupferstichkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin. Fig. 14. Present-day view of Florence from the Costa San Giorgio. Fig. 15. Nicola Pisano, Nativity Panel, 1260, Baptistery Pulpit, Baptis- tery, Pisa. Fig.