I~B • JOURNAL Z En (F) SCHOOL of URBAN and REGIONAL PLANNING • Vols

PHILIPPINE PLANNING I~B • JOURNAL z en (f) SCHOOL OF URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING • Vols. XXVI (2) & XXVII (1) April- October 1995 •

MUNICIPALITY OF l.UCBAN

"'RaVINe! OF LAGUNA

MUNICIPALITY OF "'ASBILAO

PJlOPOSED LAND USE MAP LEGEND:

CONVENTlOfrMl SiliNS

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LUCEN'" CITY

Local Land Use Planning in the Philippines PHILIPPINE PLANNING JOURNAL. Vols. XXVI (2) & XXVII (1) April- October 1995

Issue Editor Carmelita RE.U. Liwag

Managing Editor Carmelita RE.U. Liwag

Circulation Manager Layout Artist Chito Espero Leo Alvarez Urrutia

The Philippine Planning Journal is published in October and April by the School of Urban and Regional Planning, University of the Philippines. View and options expressed in articles are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the School of Urban and Regional Planning. All communications should be addressed to the Managing editor and orders for subscription should be sent to the Circulation Manager, Philippine Planning Journal, School of Urban and Regional Planning, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines.

Annual Subscription Rate Domestic PHP 100.00 Foreign $ 12.00 Single Copies PHP 50.00 $ 6.00 Back Issues PHP 50.00 $ 6.00 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Comprehensive Development and Land Use Plan: Municipality of Tayabas, Quezon - UP PLANADES Planning Team

23 Comprehensive Land Use Plan: Municipality of Quezon, lsabela - RURBAN Planners, Inc.

77 Conceptual Framework Plan: Municipality of Nasugbu, Batangas - UP PLANADES Planning Team

108 Comprehensive Land Use Planning Process in the Philippines - SURP Research Staff

111 About the Contributors .. ' -e-

_:::"''''Y·~· I MUNICIPALITY OF LUC8AN .J~<. I .;.J ,~".~ PROVINCI!; OF l.AGUNA ..- ~

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,__]',,,."" tolUNICIPAUTY OF PAG81LAO MUNICIPALITY OF SARIAYA )' ,

CONVIlNTIONAL SIGNS

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LUCIlNA CITY .. MUNICIPALITY OF TAYABAS TAYABAS COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT PLAN PftEPAAll) Il'Y. . \)AU' PROVINCE OF QUEZON UCilei~~~I":o~"uftfl:fOt'E.r,t:l:fAItCH FOU~D4TION, INC. S(PT(MSEA 199$ MtTtJ't' COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT AND LAND USE PLAN MUNICIPALITY OF TAYABAS, QUEZON

UP PLANADES PLANNING TEAM

INTRODUCTION implementation mechanisms the would guide the execution and implementation of the Plan. Background and Rationale METHODOLOGY The development agenda .of the country over the years continues help when to address The initial task relates to data and the same concerns: economic development, information gathering. After which an analysis productivity and growth; equitable distribution of the database was done to provide basis for of opportunities, income and wealth to include the formulation of a comprehensive land use means of production and poverty alleviation. plan. Towards this end, development strategies should be employment oriented and rural In general, the methodology is classified based. Rural development is a strategy to under five headings: Survey and Data realize this development agenda and is being Gathering; Physical and Socio-Economic pursued through the provision of physical Profiling; Development Visioning and infrastructure, and enhance of social services Framework Formulation; Plan Selection and delivery and strengthening the administrative Development; and Plan Implementation. capability of the local government units (LGUs) to deliver the basic services most Survey and Data Gathering critical to them. This activity involved (a) field surveys and The Municipal Government of Tayabas, mapping to develop large-scale base map, and Quezon commissioned the UP Planning and thematic maps; and (b) collection of all Development Research Foundation, Inc. (UP available documents relevant to the planning PLANADES), a foundation associated with the area. School of Urban and Regional Planning of the University of the Philippines, to undertake the The information gathered from primary and Comprehensive Land Use Planning Project to secondary surveys partiCUlarly with respect to fast track the development of Tayabas, the issues, problems and opportunities were specifying general land uses, socio-economic validated through community consultations, opportunities and the needed infrastructure. direct observations and professional The Project also hopes to formulate alternative judgement. development schemes and strategies to guide the future growth of the municipality up to year The results of data gathering activities also 2000 and beyond. prOVided the major planning parameters adopted by the Planning Team. Objectives ()f the Study Physical and Socio-Economic Profiling The ultimate objective of the study is the preparation of a Comprehensive Development Profiling provided a situationer from which and Land Use Plan that would guide the short, this planning project started. It involved a medium, and long-term physical and socio description of the current conditions. This economic development of the municipality. includes, among others, an assessment of the development needs of the area; status and the The study inclUdes the inventory of human types, quality and amount of resources that it and natural resources of the municipality, must mobilize (in order to improve its existing sectoral profiling, situational analysis, condition). In essence, it provides the relevant delineation of planning and functional areas, baseline information for the formUlation of the proposal of a development strategy and development and sectoral plans of Tayabas.

1 PHILIPPINE PLANNING JOURNAL VoIsXXVI (2) &XXVIf (1). April-OctobM 1995

Development Visioning and Framework lies some 150 km southeast of Manila and only Formulation about 10km from the provincial capital, Lucena City., A clear focus of the framework for development was necessary to situate the Tayabas has a total land area of 31 830 development of Tayabas in its proper context. hectares divided among its 66 barangays: 19 of which are within the Poblacion. When the proposed development framework for .Tayabas was identified and fUlly Tayabas exhibits a generally hilly to described, the Planning Team then proceeded mountainous terrain. The significantly elevated to the translation of the proposed development areas are concentrated along the northeastern framework in spatial terms. Activities included and northwestern portions. the formulation of varlous spatial development scenarios with the view of achieving the goal -Five basic types of soils which underline and objectives set forth for the municipality. Tayabas include: Mountain Soil Ibaan Loam Bolinao Clay, Macolod Clay' Loam, and Plan selection and Development Luisiana Clay loam. Of the five soil typologies, the Macolod Clay loam is the most extensive, covering close to 50 percent of the The Goal Achievement Matrix (GAM) municipal area. approach was used in evaluating the proposed spatial development schemes. With the Tayabas climatic conditions are typical of assistance of the local officials and members of the community, a scenario or spatial montaine regions which are characterized by heavy precipitation. The Philippine scheme was then selected based on certain Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical sets of criteria identified beforehand. The Services Administration (PAGASA) classifies selected scheme I alternative then served as the climatic regime of Tayabas as Type II. the basis for the detailed formulation of the land use and sectoral plans. The municipality of Tayabas sits on a subduction zone that is closely associated with Plan Implementation the east Luzon trench and, therefore, a seismically active region. The ~Ianning Team, based from the learnings acquired from experiences, identified two It is important to take account of the considerations in the formulation of an municipality's proximity to Mt. Banahaw as effective and efficient plan implementation well as its location along an active seismic scheme: the foremost consideration is a zone. Although Mt. Banahaw offers aesthetic competent organization. and recreational potentials, the possible dangers associated with volcanism and consequential mass wasting process like mud SECTORAL PROFILE and lahar flows remain real and undiminished.

The Physical Environment One of the natural resources of which Tayabas is well endowed is the extensive Situationer network of streams that drain the area. A complex system of canals, creeks and rivers The physical profile of Tayabas sets the abound and are augmented by numerous platform on which all development efforts must springs which still exhibit natural artesian be carried out. It allows the identification of conditions. These extensive natural drainage issues and problems, development constraints networks, including the probably abundant and potentials of the study area. ~roundwater reserve in the municipality have Important development potentials. Tayabas is situated at the southeastern foothills of one of the more famous volcanoes Land Use Pattern in the country: Mt. Banahaw. It is encircled by several municipalities of Quezon Province: Areas devoted to agricultural cultivation Lucban, Mauban and Sampaloc to the north' account for 60 percent or 20,000 hectares of Atimonan and Pagbilao to' the southeast: the municipal land area. Coconut, rice, and Lucena City to the south; and Sariaya to the banana as the dominant crops characterize west. these areas.

The municipality is a historically significant The built-up sections of the municipality locality being the former capital of the old are concentrated in the Poblacion. An province of Tayabas (now Quezon), and home approximate total of 200 hectares may be to one of the colorful local characters classified as built-up which is composed (Hermano Puli) during the Spanish regime. It 2 MUNICIPALITY OF LUCBAN

PROVINCE OF' lAGUNA / __.m' /

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Meanwhile, the least populated barangays Religious Affiliation with less than two hundred population each include Barangays Pook, Silangan Domoit, Tayabas is described as a Christian Banilad, Talolong, Ayaas, Tamlong, and community with some 51,637 Roman Catholics Kanlurang Domoit. representing the dominant religion in the area. Other major religious groups which have Population Density gained membership in the area include the follOWing: Iglesia Ni Cristo, United Church of Gross population density for the entire Christ in the Philippines, and Seventh Day municipality was placed at 1.71 persons per Adventist. hectare. Densely populated areas are found in Barangays Angeles, San Isidro, Angustias, Population Projection San Diego, San Roque, and Uta. Tayabas population is projected to reach Age-Sex Distribution 70,114 and 90,445 by the year 2000 and 2010, respectively. Average density for the whole of Tayabas is fortunate to have 59 percent of Tayabas, automatically increases to 2.2 and its population falling within the productive age 2.8 persons per hectare in years 2000 and group, 15 to 64 years of age. 2010.

As regards to sex distribution, records Social services show that as of 1990, the town's populatlon is evenly distributed between males and females, Health with males slightly outnumbering the females. Indicators are used to measure the existing Urban and Rural Population health conditions of'the population of Tayabas. These indices are birth and death rates, The rural population still make up the morbidity indices as well as the nutritional majority of the town's population accounting status of the children below seven years old. for 68 percent slightly exceeding the provincial average of 67 percent. As per 1993 Municipal Health Office Report, Malaria and Pulmonary Tuberculosis Productive Age and Dependency has a long history of being the health CUlprit in Tayabas. Infant mortality rate is recorded at Of the total 33,502 household poputatlon 17.3 deaths for the years 1988 and 1992. 15 years old and above, 57 percent or 19,039 Infant morbidity is also primarily due to acute persons are regarded as part of the labor respiratory infection, coryza, and pneumonia, force. among others.

Two prominent types of occupations are in Health care in Tayabas is mainly provided the fields of agriculture and manufacturing by Tayabas Community Hospital located in Sarangay.Wakas and by eight health centers

5 ANNING JOURNAL VoIs.XXVI (2) & XXVII (1), ApriJ-October 1995 located in different parts of the additional housing units if the standard is Only the main health center has completely achieved. nurse who regularly visit other rs at least twice a month. Private The following are the problems I needs of of varying fields of specialization the housing sector: lroviding the needed health care. 1) Need to provide for a relocation site for ems of the sector are as follows: a low-cost housing project; 2) Need to identify expansion site for lie implications of high morbidity residential I settlements purposes; and, rortatity rates and their ide ntified 3) Need to re-educate the squatters. s to the overall health condition of enses; Social Welfare I care facilities and services are .sslble to many residents of far Generally, social services in the municipality are >arangays; provided by the Municipal Social Welfare and are basically undermanned; Development Office (MSWDO). es and medicines are not ent enough to cater to the overall The following are the problems I needs in the needs of the constituents; and, social welfare sector: ation campaigns of health and tion have not been extensively 1) Lack of funds to sustainably implement tensively implemented. social welfare programs; and, 2) Lack of work force to monitor project development and implementation.

is generally made up of 99 Protective Services rate population. The data is f high educational level attained Hand in hand with fast economic ority of its constituents. Tayabas development often come high rates of crime 2,128 college graduates. incidence. However, in Tayabas, a predominantly rural area, it has not been much and public schools serve the of a problem except for a few instances. While of Tayabas. There are 32 public Katarungang Pambarangay has slowly been (4) private schools offering getting unpopular in some fast developing primary, elementary, and areas, it has been perfectly working in this lucation. generally peaceful town. Minor thefts and other petty squabbling among neighbors and e no college education facilities relatives are usually settled amicably within "ayabas. Undergraduate, graduate the barangay level. .st-secondary education are taken City, Lucban and Metro Manila. Fire protection is not considered by the municipal government as a major concern. !I, the teaching work force and They could easily get assistance from Lucban , of the present schools has met and Lucena City Fire Departments in cases of standard of one teacher for forty emergency. nilarly, classroom ratio to student ! standard. The problems I needs of protective services in Tayabas are as follows: Ning are the major problems and educational sector: 1) There seems to exist a "demoralization" on the part of the constituents as for repair and rehabilitation of regards to the assignment of non orating school buildings. Tayabenses police personnel which for additional workshop areas could hinder a smooth civil-police for practical arts I activities. relations; and, d space of school sites. 2) Lack of funds to shoulder basic, up-to date protective service facilities.

Sports and Recreation only one household per hectare in ughly, the municipality has a ratio Tayabas is equipped with facilities which at ihold per one housing unit with an present requires face lift. Though not properly five (5) members. Tayabas, in maintained or updated, it maintained and even lid only require a small number of increased its clientele for reasons that, at

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Uvestock and poultry production is basically Forests backyard scale. There is a sole hog and chicken farm which produces 64.8 percent of the total number of Three barangays to some extend are covered by hogs and 15.2 percent of the total chicken produced. Quezon National Park and the MI. Banahaw-San Cristobal National Park. Reforestation project is The following are the summary of problems currently being undertaken in the covered areas. I needs of the municipality: The primary and major sectoral problem 1) Poor farm-to-market roads. identified is the lack and limited information or data 2) Insufficient post-harvest facilities. on the available mineral deposit and forest resources 3) Failure to effectively market agriCUltural ofthe municipality, This in turn has a major impact on products. the environmental management ofthe lGU, 4) Danger on increased rate of withdrawal from the surface water bodies resulting Tourism to reduced water for irrigation for Barangays Tamlong, Talolong, and Tayabas, unknown to many, has several existing Alupay. and potential tourist attractions, Despite of these 5) Unpredictable price of copra. sites, Tayabas does not have any commercial 6) Inadequate knowledge of advertising lodging houses, hotels or inns where visitors can stay design and packaging techniques of for the duration of their visit. Practically, there are no food preserves and other food related establishments in the municipality, processes. 7) UnregUlated cutting of coconut trees. Several problems were identified regarding tourism, such as: Tradeand Industry 1) Lack of lodging facilities. Commercial establishments are concentrated in 2) Inaccessibility of tourist spots. the Poblacion area (54.6 %) while the rest is 3) Lack of physical support infrastructure, distributed outside Poblacion (45.4 %). 4) Lack of local tourism policy,

Convenience (Sari-sari) stores dominate (76.6 Infrastructure and Utilities %) the commercial sector. Rice retailers and dry goods & appliance outlets came in second and third Water (9 and 7.8 %), respectively. Most of Tayabas' water supply are sourced There are two (2) large scale coco-based from groundwater and rainwater. Community manufacturers in Tayabas. Coco wine industry is

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~i PHILIPPINE PLANNING JOURNAL VoIs.xXVI (2) & XXVII (1), April-October 1995 water systems serve 71 percent of the The present dumpsite is not acceptable. municipality. There is also a need to expand the collection services. Though the municipality has numerous springs, wells having adequate water supply, THE GENERAL DEVELOPMENT not enough water reservoirs have been FRAMEWORK AND SPATIAL STRATEGY constructed, and distribution pipes have not been fully laid out to serve the whole The Development Environment I Context municipality. The issue in servicing lucena City and its neighboring towns is that Tayabas National Goals and Policies has not fully served its own constituency. Philippines 2000 is founded on an agro Power industrial strategy that seeks to attain economic advancement I growth through the Only about 63.54 percent of the total Philippine Medium Term Development Plan. households are being served by electricity. The ultimate goal of NIChood is premised on Much is hoped of the Hopewell Power Plant. such objectives as poverty alleviation, employment generation, attainment of ne~d There is a for MERALCO to step-up sustained development, and promotion of its distribution networking as the power plant equity, among others. is near its operation. However, only those who can pay can avail of electrical services even if Regional Development Thrusts it is eventually available. With the industrialization-oriented policies Transportation of the national government, Region IV has received quite a significant support for The municipality solely relies on road attaining the development goals of Philippines based transportation for the movement of its 2000. CALABARZON Project, an ambitious people and goods. Roads are generally regional development program is being concentrated in the Poblacion. Bus, jeeps, and implemented in the five Tagalog provinces of tricycles are used in inter-municipality Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal and Quezon. services. Tricycles are most used inside the municipality. While development is presently concentrated in Cavite and Laguna, the Lack of roads (including bridges) and poor identification of growth centers in other areas, conditions of existing roads impede mobility. like Lucena City in Quezon, points to a bright Primarily, lack of planning is the identified future for the adjacent municipalities due to reason. the expected spillover of development.

~~Communication Provincial Priorities~~

As of 1993, Tayabas is being served by Quezon province will remain an agricultural only one postal office equipped with six mail zone interrupted only by spotty developments carriers. Fortunately, the town has two (2) of industrial activities I urban expansion areas, telegraph stations and a telephone station. notably in the lucena area. The province needs to aggressively pursue its role of being Drainage and Sewerage Systems the food basket not only for the Tagalog provinces out for Metro Manila as well. The existing drainage system of the municipality is dominated by a network of open The Fundamental Issues and Planning canals, some of which date back to Spanish period. Considerations

Portions of the Poblacion experience floods Population Projections due to lack of and poorly maintained drainage lines. Many open canals and waterways have Although the spillover effects of Lucena become receptacles for sewerage wastes. growth center is an eventuality that cannot be dismissed, the relative vastness of Tayabas and Solid Waste Management the modernization in the population dynamics of the municipality means that the projected The municipality's solid waste collection 70,114 or so population even by the year 2000 service only serves 23 percent of the total is still manageable from the point of view of number of households. land requirements. This is in view of the dwindling supply of prime agricultural areas in the country as population pressure on land resources continues to be a problematic issue. 10 Tayabas, Quezon CDWP (1994)

~~Development Constraints and Potentials Planning Goals and Objectives~~

It is essential that the present road system Based on the expressed need by officials be expanded and improved to abate the and other local residents of the municipality, worsening urban sprawl and traffic congestion and tempered with the objective assessment of in the Greater Poblacion Area and the the strengths I opportunities and threats I expected urban blight and depreciation of real weaknesses of the study area, a set of goals estate values. and objectives were formulated. Among these are: The relative rapid expansion of the poblacion's area may have also resulted I the 1) to develop the area into a socially early development of areas which have not yet stable, economically progressive been laid out with the necessary drainage municipality; lines. 2) to enhance agricultural production and develop forward linkages with the Illegal structures for residential use have industrial requirements of the encroached on easements. These structures CALABARZON area; contribute to many physical and socio 3) to improve production levels and economic problems especially in the poblacion contribute to improving income levels of area. farmers 4) to preserve and protect the agricultural Urban Growth areas of the municipality; 5) to provide infrastructure support The urban sprawl of Lucena City is moving facilities and equipment to the north through the Lucena-Tayabas Road and agricultural sector; crossing the boundary into Barangay Tongko 6) to promote and ensure equity in access in Tayabas. It is expected that much land to basic services; along this growth corridor will be converted 7) to improve the delivery of the basic from agricultural to residential in the next few services to the majority; years. 8) to promote closer private-public sector interaction and encourage citizen The Concept ofImageability involvement in development efforts; 9) to promote manpower development and The paths, districts, edges, nodes, and skills upgrading; landmarks of Tayabas are distinctive and all 10) to improve physical mobility within the contribute to a rich total image. municipal area of jurisdiction; 11)to delineate functional areas and The major paths of Tayabas are the rationalize land resource allocation; and provincial roads while the minor paths include 12) to guide the long term growth directions the narrower streets and footpaths. of the municipality.

The poblacion is a district of political THE MUNICIPAL LAND USE PLAN administration as well as commercial and business activities. It is the premier district of Existing Patterns and Emerging Trends the municipality which exhibits a character that is memorable to any observer. AgriculturalLand Use

The direction of the developments in Areas devoted to agricultural cultivation pobtaclon could easily expand towards the account for 60 percent of the municipal land north, east, and south where there are no area. edges to restrain its growth. Forest Areas The public market is the node of commercial and social activity where traders Tayabas has about 20 percent of the total and merchants often spillover to the land area classified as forests. However, some surrounding streets. areas of forestland have been cleared by slash and burn methods to make way for agriculture. The municipality has memorable man-made and natural landmarks. Historic structures Built-Up Areas mark the municipality's colorful history. The natural view of Mt. Banahaw is a constant clue The bUild-Up area in the StUdy Area is to a person's orientation in the municipaiity. about 192 hectares which is concentrated in There is also a need to improve the visual the Poblacion and in Barangay lIasan. There prominence of the municipal hall as the seat of are also relatively small built-up areas in other power and symbol of urbanizing locality. barangays. The land uses in the built-up areas

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~UCENA CITY I 1 .,."" ". TAYABAS COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT PLAN MUNICIPALITY OF TAYABAS -PuvAAttiiy l}Art: ARCH PROVINCE OF' QUEZON ~~;.r¢1~=~'N:o~\oRNn41Hfo~WE:¥k::l: FQUNO"nON J It{C. StP1EM&£J\ 11lotl''a Tayabss, Quezon CDWP (1994) include residential, commercial, industrial. General Land Use Policies institutional, parks and open spaces. The assigning of land uses should consider Most of the residential developments are the micro-climate, land classification, Slope, located in the Poblaclon and Barangay IIasan. soil, hydrogeology, infrastructure, and utilities With the expected conversion of some of the in the prospective areas. The location of land residential areas in the urban core into uses should analyze the compatibility or non commercial use combined with the future compatibility of the different land uses, and demand for housing brought about by the suitability of the land itself to the proposed population growth, new areas for residential land uses. development should be identified. AgriculturalLand Use The conversion of many residences in the poblacion into some form of commercial use is The lands in the municipality which are an indication of the muniCipality'S growing found to have fertile soil, relatively flat terrain economy and need for commercial areas. (below 8 percent slope) Irrigated or irrigable will be set aside for agriculture. Conversion in Most of the' few industries (small scale) these areas will be prohibited. Fertile areas that are found in the municipality are located which have greater slopes will be terraced and along major roads. Many cottage industries riprapped. Agro-forestry and orchard are located within the poblacion. plantation are some alternatives to hilly areas.

Most of the Institutional structures are ForestAreas concentrated in the poblaclon area. The municipality benefits greatly from its The poetacton has few green .areas forestlands. It is for this that the national park considering that it has the highest population and other forest areas should be maintained density in the municipality. Easements along and where clearing has occurred, should be rivers are excellent sites for riverside parks. recovered by stepping-up reforestation. The barangays outSide of the poblacion have many open spaces but there are only very few BuIlt-Up Areas that has parks with facilities and landscaping. Land (having 0 to 15 percent slope) Land Use 'ques and Problems appropriate for residential development shOUld not COver areas considered as ecologically All of the land use problems experienced sensitive such as areas susceptible to floods by the municipality can be attributed to the or forest areas. non existence of a land use plan and zoning ordinances to Implement such a land use plan. Large-scale commercial spaces or The land use problems inclUde: commercial districts shOUld follow a linear or compact pattern. 1) the incompatibility of land uses of some adjacent areas; Based on the economic development 2) the indiscriminate cutting or burning of programs formulated for Tayabas, only trees in forest areas; agriculture-based and non-pollutive industries 3) the Inadequate parks and open spaces will be allowed to set up. Moreover, to achit in the urban areas; and, proper climate for investment and industrial 4) the illegal occupancy of private and growth, a contiguous area where all public land which has become prevalent prospective industries may locate must be in the poblaetcn. identified.

Religion-related buildings may locate Land Use Potentials wherever their followers are located. Educational institutions will be located in The municipality.of Tayabas has such a big places th~i are very conducive to physical and land area that most of its land use needs can mental development. Enough space should be be met. Identified areas of agricultural provided for outdoor activities and future productivity show a sustainable future for food expansion of the school. Medical or health supply. Certain regions of the municipality can institutions should be situated away from adapt a clever strategy of development that sources of nuisance such as air, water, and would help the local economy. Identified are noise pollution. junctions and road shoulders and its adjacent land as growth catchment areas. The existing parks and plazas and other identified areas will be developed as breathing spaces for their catchment areas. BUffer zones

~~13 PHILIPPINE PLANNING JOURNAL VoIs.XXVI (2) &XXVII (1), April-October 1995 of trees and landscaping shall be established THE PROPOSED between conflicting land uses. GENERAL LAND USE PLAN~~

~~THE PROPOSED LAND USE PLAN Agricultural Land Use~~

The land use plan translates the Although agricultural land use had the most municipality's set goals, objectives, and lands converted to other land uses, it remains development concepts into a desired physical the most dominant land use. Tayabas intends pattern. It is a valuable planning instrument to remain a major producer of agricultural that pinpoints the major directions of growth products as it was observed that it has not since it details the types, .densities, and even harnessed the full potential of its intensities of land uses (whether residential, agricultural lands. Lands used for fishponds commercial, agricultural, etc.) of specific will be preserved. areas. Forest Areas SPATIP.L STRATEGIES FOR DEVELOPMENT The plan protects the existing 6,400 hectares of forests. In addition, areas where Several spatial strategies for development trees have been cleared will be reforested. have been formulated to attain the goals of the social and economic programs. Built-Up Areas

~~Expansion at the Fringes ofthe Poblacion Residential Land Use~~

The poblacion's thriving commercial and The residential land use had the biggest business activity will be allowed to continue increase in area among the different land uses and even strengthened by a rationalized land in the proposed general land use plan. The use plan for the poblacion. Many existing increase is attributed to new reclassification of residential blocks will be converted to land along the fringe of poblacion, a follow commercial land use and expansion areas will through with current trends in housing be identified at the fringes of the built-up developments in some areas of the poblacion and along the Sariaya-Tayabas municipality, and relocation of squatters in road. designated sites.

~~Growth Corridor Commercial Land Use~~

Properties along the Lucena-Tayabas Road The increase in commercial land use is due will be set aside for residential land use. The to the increasing need to support the urban sprawl of Lucena City will meet the requirements of the growing population. urban sprawl of Tayabas Poblacion on the Generally, the commercial growth areas are Lucena-Tayabas road. located adjacent to population growth areas.

~~Satellite Development Industrial Land Use~~

Agriculture-based and non-pollutive The proposed site for the industrial zone industries will be encouraged to locate at the has the best potentials for success for such a designated industrial zone in an idle area in development. Barangay Isabang. About 24 hectares will be developed in four phases or sectors of about 6 Institutional Land Use hectares each. Areas for commercial development have also been identified near More lands are needed for schools, the industrial zone. Incentives may be offered religious structures, and government offices. to attract investors and developers to locate in the satellite development. Areas for residential Parks, Open Spaces, and Buffer Zones development will also be set aside since there will be a demand for housing near the The plan introduces more parks and open industrial sites. spaces to enhance the environment and appearance of the municipality. The easements of rivers will be preserved and planted with trees. Trees will also be planted along the major roads to create greenbelts along these paths of movements.

~~14 Ta,yeba$, QuezonCDLVP (1994)~~

Parks and open apaces for recreation or SECTORAL PRIORITIES, ACTION PLANS just as breathing spaces shall be provided in AND PROGRAMS all barangaya preferably near the barangay hall and health center. Social Services sector

SChematic Layout for Major Structures in Health Sector the Rural Barangay The objectives of the health sector are: The rural barangays of the municipality are expected to have the major structures at the 1) To reduce morbidity and mortality rates; barangay level. The basic structur9$ include 2) To prOVide adequate and accessible the chapel, the barangay hall, the barangay health services to barangay residents; elementary school, the barangay health and, center, and the plaza or park. 3) To improve good health awareness among the general population. The Proposed Poblacion I Urban Land Use Plan The strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality rates are: The Poblacion Land Use Plan converts much of the surrounding agricultural lands Into 1) Undertaking extensive research on buildable land uses such as residential, major causes of adult, maternal, and commercial, and Institutional land uses. As a infant morbidity and mortality matter of priority, vacant lands In the incidences in order to come up with Poblacion will be put into optimum use before appropriate and complementary health outward expansion of the built-up area will be and sanitation projects. allowed. 2) Identifying malaria-infested areas and provide measures for treatment and Its Physical Components eradication.

The ProposedRoad Networl< The strategies to prOVide adequate and accessible health services to as many The Road Network Plan prepared for barangay residents as possible are: Tayabas consists of exiSting routes, realigned roads, upgraded routes, and entirely new 1) Increase and upgrade manpower of the roads. A road hierarchy based on each road's health sector especially in the rural classification, importance, rOle, and level of health centers. traffic was e$tabtished to systematlze the 2) Assign at least two midwives to every movement of people and goods. The proposed barangay health center. Road Network Plan considers the proposed 3) With the cooperation of civic-oriented land uses and was formUlated in the context of groups in the field of medical and dental the barangay, munIcipality, and even the health, free clinic I consultation should province. The improved road system will be regularly conducted in every RHU. improve circUlation, distribute development to 4) Encourage the use of traditional herbaJ the other barangays, and accommodate the medicine through extensive information expected increase in vehicular movement in campaigns. the coming years. 5) PrOVide primary health care to all residents. TheProposedImage ofTarabll$ The strategies to instill good health The colorful history and the natural awareness among the general population are: environment of the StUdy Area will be highlighted by developing the five basic 1) In cooperation with concerned elements (paths. districts. edges, nodes, and government and non-government landmarks) into clear, visible and unified urban organizations. conduct regular forms. Appropriate landscaping will be information and education campaign introduced to enhance the five basic elements. promoting sound health, hygiene and sanitation, and proper nutrition, among TheUtiHty Systems others. 2) With the, cooperation of DOH, DECS. The following areas of concern will be the DWSD, DA and other concerned focus of improvement and upgrading: water. government and non-government power, solid waste management, and organizations, implement special drainage. program for pre-school, elementary, secondary and out-of-school youths on health and environmental sanitation. 15 ~ r:: 12.·.., ... i ~ MUNICiPALIT:S0' MAU8AN j MUNICIPALITY OF LueBAN ~ •.M..., 'i~~.><~~"...~I PROVINCE OF LAGUNA ~. ~~ ce- ~ .> <' a.lGAJ:llN 1 ~ Ci I\' s ~ ..r: ( r- ~ III ~ .....s; ~ I/o ~ MUNICIPALITY OF PAGBILAo ~ .... ~- CJ) ::t. PROPOSED LAND USE MAP. -0 MUNICIPALITY OF SARIAYA ;;t LEGeND' m£m J3uILT-·ur~ ArZEA i ....~ It CONVENTIONAL SIGNS ARE.:,l\ BOUNDARIES 8 C~.J PROVINCIAL••

~~RO/1D~~

~~LUCENA CITY~~

~iiO' ------+.------TAYABAS COMPREHENSIVE D~VELOPMENT PLAN MUNICIPALITY OF TAYABAS ~ !~O ~ pii¥PARioBY reoc •...•.. ". __ SCACE uioo°'OOOsooo 4000 !I000 PROVINCE OF QUEZON :;::r_~:J ~~NrC~~:~IN:oe1~.,orll,ffO~~\~~An::IARCHI"Ol.lNDATION. INC. SlflTIM8!N Tayabas, Quezon CDWP(1994)

3) Encourage parents and adults, in Housing general, to organize themselves into mini-cooperatives I associations to deal The objectives of the housing sector are: on health I sanitation-oriented projects that may have to be implemented in 1) Intensify Local Government involvement their respective areas. in low-cost housing programs. 2) To minimize the growing squatting Education problems. 3) To provide and improve infrastructure The four objectives of the educational and other support facilities. sector are: 4) To encourage the construction and use of sanitary toilet facilities. 1) To improve the quality of education at 5) To come up with appropriate and all levels; acceptable standards in housing 2) To improve the physical condition of development. school buildings and other school facilities; The strategies of the housing sector in 3) To revive good Filipino values and intensifying Local Government involvement in practices to promote Filipino culture; low-cost housing program are: 4) To inculcate environmental concern among students. 1) The LGU should enter a joint venture with the National Agencies To improve the quality of education at all implementing housing programs. levels: 2) Encourage private developers. 3) Appropriate bUdget to acquire sites for 1) Provide adequate instructional materials low-cost housing. and facilities; 2) Upgrade general informal type of books To minimize, if not to put a stop the and other reference materials at the growing squatting: municipal library; and, 3) Provide effective visual aid facilities. 1) Provision of relocation sites. 2) Coordination with NGOs I POs as to To improve the physical condition of school the needed community organizing and buildings and other facilities: capability-building programs. 3) Involve the beneficiaries in the 1) Repair and rehabilitation maintenance of utilities to enhance better harmony among neighbors. To reviv"e good Filipino values and practices to promote Filipino culture: To provide and improve infrastructure and other support facilities in all residential areas: 1) Values-information education; 2) Conduct school and community 1) Encourage participation of residents in activities depicting Filipino culture; maintenance of all infrastructure and 3) Integration in classroom instruction of support facilities in the area. the importance of appreciating and 2) Facilitate construction and maintenance patronizing Filipino products. of utilities. 3) Come up With proper solid waste To inculcate environmental awareness management program. among students: SocialWelfare 1) Integration in school curriculum of environmental education; The objectives of the social welfare I 2) In association with NGOs I POs and services are: other concerned government agencies, encourage pupils I students to act 'as 1) To provide an integrated welfare role models to their fellow community package to its constituents based on reSidents; their needs and coordinate the service 3) Involve the youth in planning, facilities required. implementation, and monitoring of 2) To care for, protect and rehabIlitate the health, hygiene and environmental physically and mentally and the socially sanitation-related programs I projects in handicapped constituents for effective the community. social functioning. 3) Advocate policies and resources addressing social welfare concerns.

~~17 PHILIPPINE PLANNING JOURNAL VoIsXXVI(2) & XXVII(1), AprtI-OctobM1995~~

The strategies for the sector to provide jan implementation of effective protective integrated welfare package to its constituents service programs. based on their needs and coordinate the service facilities required are: The strategies to establish and strengthen civilian-police relations and coordination are: 1) Organize community based organizations to facilitate prompt 1) Conduct regular barangay sessions. delivery of social welfare development 2) Involve police personnel in civil services and to counter social problems oriented programs. existing in the locality. 3) Maintain a wholesome disposition 2) Tap and coordinate with the private among their ranks. sector and NGOs in the implementation and provision of necessary services and The strategies to improve the delivery of service facilities required. protective services and enforcement of law 3) Coordinate with other government and order are: agencies for the provision of integrated welfare and development programs and 1) Encourage and coordinate with NGOs projects. and the private sector for support programs concerning protective The strategies to care for, protect and services. rehabilitate the physically and mentally and 2) To conduct regular training I workshop the socially handicapped constituents for on fire prevention, emergencies and effective social functioning are: other similar incidences. 3) To organize a multi-sectoral group of 1) Appropriate funds to sustain welfare volunteers for protective services as services and assistance to the support personnel in times of handicapped and the disabled. emergencies. 2) Organize community-based volunteers for the Social Welfare and Development sports and Recreation Services. The objectives of Sports and Recreation The strategy to advocate policies and sector are: resources addressing social welfare concerns are: 1) To encourage close coordination between the local government and 1) Introduce programs and policies to private sector regarding sports hasten development and benefits of the programs. disadvantaged residents. 2) To provide facilities conducive to sports 2) Introduce ordinances and resolutions and recreation development. concerning the promotion of social 3) To integrate sports and recreational welfare development. programs in the local government thrust. Protective Services The strategies to encourage close The objectives of the sector are: coordination between the local government and private sector regarding sports programs 1) To encourage and promote citizens' are: participation in the maintenance of a peaceful and orderly community. 1) The government must involve itself and 2) To establish and strengthen civilian coordinate with the private sector in police relations and coordination. planning and implementing sports 3) To improve the delivery of protective programs. services and enforcement of law arid 2) Encourage the private sector order. participation in various sports and recreation activities. The strategies to encourage and promote citizens' participation in the maintenance of a The strategies to provide facilities peaceful and orderly community are: conducive to sports and recreation development are: 1) Organize an intelligence network for effective detection and apprehension of 1) Appropriate funds to acquire and I or criminals. improve publicly-owned open spaces for 2) Coordinate with NGOs and other civic sports and recreational purposes. organizations in the planning and 2) Construct and I or improve facilities for sports development.

~~18 Teyabes, Quezon CDLUP (1994)~~

3) Enforce the value requiring open 6) Improvement of physical infrastructure spaces I parks in private residential facilities such as farm to market roads subdivisions. to encourage farmers to increase production. The strategies to integrate sports and recreational programs in the local government The following programs and projects are thrust, sports development must be provided some recommendations to address the with adequate budgeting support by including prevailing needs and problems of the its programs in the annual bUdget agriculture sector: appropriations. 1) Crop rotation and diversification Economic Sector program. 2) Provision of postharvest facilities in Agriculture some barangays. 3) Water impounding project or dam in any Given the numerous problems and needs of of the identified barangays. the agricultural sector, the municipal 4) Capability. Building Program for local government aims to achieve the following: agricultural extension workers. 5) Backyard Farming Program to include Its general objective are: cattle, hog and goat. 6) Cattle Fattening Program. 1) To further increase self-sufficiency in 7) Livestock Dispersal Program. food productton; and, 2) To augment the income level of the Trade and Industry population by creating employment opportunities. To boost local trade I commerce and industrial activities of the municipality, the Its specific objectives are: local government aims to achieve the follOWing general objectives: 1) To improve accessibility of rural agricultural barangays; 1) To create a local environment 2) To identify infrastructure projects conducive to greater commercial and supportive of agricultural development; agro-industrial development; and, 3) To increase productivity particularly 2) To augment the income level of the coconut and rice farmlands as well as local population through assistance in secondary crop areas; technical and marketing schemes. 4) To establish an effective and efficient agri-trading center at the heart of the Specifically: municipality; and, 5) To encourage cooperativism within the 1) To promote labor-intensive industries; sector. 2) To promote coconut based industries; 3) To create opportunities for the rural Agriculture will continue to be the lead population to be engaged in livelihood sector in Tayabas. It will continuously supply activities; raw materials needed for processing, and 4) To identify needed skills for agri-based creating demand for agro-related industries. industries; and, 5) To identify another commercial and Some of the strategies to att~n the above trade center in the municipality. objectives are: To meet the above objectives, the following 1) Intensify campaign for increased strategies are being recommended: production of various crops on upland farms; 1) Promote small and medium scale 2) Application of crop diversification I cottage industries; rotation program; 2) Skills and capability building in the area 3) Increased access to support facilities of handicraft making; like nurseries, demonstration farms nd 3) Provision of support or assistance in training centers, and post harvest the marketing of 10caUy made products; facilities such as driers, threshers, rice 4) Identification of participants to the skills mills, storage or warehouses; and training projects; 4) Immersion of agricultural extension 5) Identify and develop an alternative workers in the rural barangays with commercial or trading area/s; and, appropriate technology transfer; 6) Identification of an agro or agri 5) Implement crop zonification at the induetrtalsite/zone. barangay level; and,

~~19 PHIUPPINEPLANNINGJOURNAL VoIs.JO(V/ (2) & XXVII (1), ApriI-OctOOer 1995~~

The following programs and projects are The IOllowmg are recommended programs recommended to address the needs and for implementation: problems of the trade and industry sectors: 1) Capability Building Program on Natural 1) Food aod Fruit Prooessing and Resources'Management. Preservation Project such as: 2) Data Base On Mineral Deposits Project. • Nata de coee 3) Creation of a aBantay Kalikasan" Task • Santol preserves Force (a multi-sectoral group). • Meat prooessing • eto. Tourism 2) Intensified Handicraft-making Program. 3) Trainmg and skills development The following are the objectives of the program in the areas of product design sector: and packaging. 4) Skills Development and Training 1) To develop tourism in Tayabas; and, Program for unemployed mothers, out 2) To strike a balance between tourism of-school youth, and other unemployed and local economic development, adults. 5) Establishment of a oooperative Specifically: specifically for marketing of locally made handloraft products. 1) To optimize the economic benefits of 6) Establishment of an agrofagrl-Industrial tourism development; information system/program. 2) To ensure environmental protection and preservation in tourism development; Natural Resources 3) To increase the income of local government and the Tayabasens In view of the problems and needs of the through tourism development; and, natural resources' sector previously cited, the 4) To develop strong Tayabas identity local government of Tayabas aims to achieve through culture, history and tradition. the following: The following strategies are recommended To enhance the environmental awareness to accomplish the above objectives: and knowledge of the local officials and the constituents of Tayabas. 1) Identify and plan potential tourist development sites; Specifically: 2) Develop and improve physical infrastructure; 1) To protect the mineral resources of the 3) Promote local shows or festivals; municipality; 4) Conduct strong marketing tourism 2) To promote the proper utilization of campaign; forest and natural resources; 5) Support and encourage eco-tourism; 3) To encourage community participation 6) Training 'of out-of-school youths as in protecting the natural resources of manpower support for tourism activities; Tayabas; and, 7) Promote environmental protection 4) To Increase the capability of the local awareness in schools; governm'ent unit in monitoring its 8) Strengthen youth participation in eee environment and natural resources. tourism; and, 9) Strengthen linkages of tourism with agri The strategies are recommended to based industries. accomplish the above objectives: In line with the strengthening of looal 1) Organize community organization/s to tourism in Tayabas, the following are the assist in monitoring the natural recommended programs and projects: resources of Tayabas; 2) To establish linkages with non 1) Preparation of a Tayabas Tourism governmental organizations to sponsor Program; or assist in an environmental training 2) Creation of a Local Tourism Council for local government and barangay with members coming from NGOs, POs, officials; and local government. 3) To tap students or out-of-school youths 3) Development or construction of a as young guardians of natural display center for looally produced resources; and, handicrafts. 4) To establish data base on the 4) Launch an Eco-tourism campaign municipality'S mineral deposits and. program with the youth as its target natural resources. participants. 20 Tayttbll$, Quezon CDLUP(1994)

5) Launch a Cultural Tourism Program. 2) To construct new bridges and S) Prepare tourism information dossier. rehabilitate the existing ones. 7) Joint tourism drive by local government, 3} To minimize traffio congestion at heavy Tayabas Mountaineers, and the traffic areas and orossroads. Tayabas Historical Society. 8) Establishment of a museum on the Communication cultural history of Tayabas. 9) Renovation and preservation of old or The objeotive of the sector is to enoourage vintage houses as showcase of the publication of local newspapers I newsprint. town's past. To do this, local potentials in publication of local newspapers will be developed. Infrastructure and Utilities Drainageand SewerageSystems Water The objectives of the sector are: The objective of the sector is to: 1) To prevent the occurrence of flood. 1) Provide adequate potable water supply. 2} To provide outlet for sewerage and 2) To improve water distribution system. stagnant water. 3) To prevent if not reduce human and The strategies to improve adequate water material damage due to flood supply are: occurrence. 4) To promote health and sanitation. 1) Construction of deep wells and shallow well pumps. The strategy to prevent the occurrence of 2) Minimize water wastage by repairing flood is to construct adequate drainage canals. leaks in pipes. 3) Development of springs. The strategy to prOVide outlet for sewerage 4) Construction of water storage facilities. and stagnant water is to repair I declog existing canals. The strategy to improve the water distribution system is by expanding service The strategy to prevent if not reduce connections. human and material damage due to flood occurrence is to encourage residents to help Power maintain the oleanliness of the drainage fronting their houses, and declog drainage The objectives of the sector are: lines.

1) To provide adequate power to all Health and sanitation will also be promoted residents. as a strategy. 2) To energize the unserved barangays of Tayabas. Solid WasteManagement 3) To discourage illegal household connections. The objectives (If the sector are:

The strategy to provide adequate power to 1) To promote a healthy and sanitary all residents is to install additional power environment. facilities. 2} To maintain an efficient flow of drainage I sewerage. The strategy to energize the unserved barangays of Tayabas is to install powerlines The strategies to promote a healthy and to unserved areas. sanitary environment are:

The strategy to discourage illegal 1) Provision of an adequate number of househOld connections is to conduot a garbage trucks, facilities, and thorough stUdy on the actual number of power equipment. oonnections. 2) Identification of an acoeptable location of the dumping site. Transportation The residents will be encouraged to put The objectives of the sector are: their solid wastes on garbage cans.. part of the strategy to maintain an effioient flow of 1) To censtruct and I or maintain farm-to drainage I sewerage. market roads.

~~21 PHILIPPINEPLANNING JOURNAL VoIs.XXVI (2) &XXVII (1), ApriJ-October 1995~~

ADMINISTRATIVE AND FINANCIAL 1} Police Power ASPECTS 2} Eminent Domain 3) Taxation Administrative I Institutional Sector 4) Local Development Investment Program (lDIP} EXisting Administrative Situation Financial Aspect (Government Income and The devolution mandated by the Local Expenditure) Government Code of 1991 entails the transfer of basic and other services from national Income government agencies (NGAs) to the local government units (LGUs). Thus, this implies An analysis of the municipality's income additional duties and responsibilities on the from all sources shows that a major portion of part of the municipal government. The it came from Tax Revenue having an average structure should adjust to this change in of 82.55 percent. The remaining portion came municipal functioning. Furthermore, the from real estate and business taxes and municipal government is presently committed licenses. to various programs and projects with priorities on physical infrastructure, bask Expenditure services provision and LGU capability building in the delivery of other services. The expenditure of the municipality did run over its income. This indicative that with the Carrying Out the Development Plan sur.plus coupled with intensive tax collection campaign, the municipal government will be There are manifold administrative, legal able to undertake some development projects and financial tools for their implementation at and services. the disposal of the Municipality of Tayabas, especially with the presence of the said Code. The following are tools for implementing the land use plan:

~~22 COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN MUNICIPALITY OF QUEZON, ISABELA~~

~~RURBAN Planners, Inc.~~

The preparation of this COMPREHENSIVE plan was in response to two crucial issues, DEVELOPMENT AND LAND USE PLAN comes namely, revitalization of its local economy in two volumes. The first volume is entitled through agro-industrial development strategy Physical and Socio-Economic Profile of and the need to address the perennial problem Quezon. The other volume is entitled the of conversion of agricultural lands to Comprehensive Land Use Plan of Quezon. non-agricultural uses. The Physical and Socio-Economic Profile VOLUME 1: PHYSICAL AND SOCiO of Quezon forms an important basis for the ECONOMIC PROFiLE formulation of the comprehensive land use plan. It contains a detailed and comprehensive description and assessment of the current situation which includes an examination of the INTRODUCTION area's physical environment, socio-cultural characteristics, economic features, Overview developmenl needs, the types, quality and amount of resources that it must mobilize in The realization of local autonomy, the order to improve its existing condition. From perceived stability in the political arena and the profile of the municipality, issues, the positive economic performance of the problems. constraints and development country in the past three years have generated potential will be identified. These in turn will enthusiasm and active participation towards be the basis for the formulation of the land use the achievement of growth and development at and socio-economic development plan. the local level. Majority of local officials have finally come to realize that now is the time to Format of the Report relentlessly pursue the twin goals of attaining self-sufficiency and sustainable development The introductory chapter was through rational use of its natural and human complemented at the end by a brief discourse resources. In the light of this development, on the historical background and the municipal and provincial governments have geophysical characteristics of the planning initiated the formulation of their respective area. Aside from its geographic location and structure plans as explicitly provided in the territorial coverage, this chapter also looks 1991 Local Government Code and Executive into the climatic regime, topographic and Order No. 72. physiographic features. soils system, geology, groundwater, and land use pattern of the One among the many local government municipality. The historical account of the units which saw the need for and importance municipality has likewise been included in the of a comprehensive land use plan is the chapter. municipal government of Quezon, lsabela. The anticipated investments into the local economy Chapter III presents the Infrastructure and and the rush in the implementation of Utilities System which describes the existing development programs and projects both by road networks, transportation system, the national and provincial governments, have communications, water supply. drainage and prodded Ihe able leadership of Mayor Gavino sanitation and waste disposal system. After P. Gascon in partnership with the local the physical aspect, the profile proceeds With development council and the Sangguniang the socio-economic description of the area Bayan to revise and update its local land use Which covers Chapters IV to VI. Topics include plan in response to these new developments. demography, agriculture, distribution of The decision to revise its local development eslabilshments by types of sub-industry and

~~23 PHIUPPINE PLANNING JOURNAL Vols.XXVI (2) &XXVff (1), ApriI-October 1995~~

~~MUM. Of' SANTO TOMAS~~

~~,d ",'~~

~~MUN. Of' MAGSAVSAY~~

~~17"'\5'~~

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~~$OUR,r: QUEZON COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN PflOV\NCE Ol' 1!I..ea..~~

~~24 Quezon, Isab8la CDLUP (1995)~~

employment size, housing, heaith and was basically to oversee and facilitate the sanitation, education, protective and social distribution of lands to qualified settlers. With welfare services and recreation facilities. the development of this opportunity for rural and agricultural development and with the Finally, Chapter VII highlights the current completion of the Balete Pass Road in the institutional and fiscal administration and 1920s that runs through the hinterlands of the operations set up in the municipality. Caraballo Mountains, hundreds of inhabitants from Itocos and Central Luzon regions opted to THE GEOPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT settle and avail of the program of the government in the Mallig Region. Historical Background A few years after the declaration of the Unlike some parts of Isabela like Santiago, area as a site for settlement and agricultural Echague and Alicia, the history of the development, World War II broke out and the municipality of Quezon is relatively recent. region was later placed under the Japanese The former municipalities have long been control. Although the extent of destruction on seats of rich and colorful historical events that properties and the number of lives lost during influenced the lives of the people of Isabela the war was nothing compared to other areas since its creation in 1856 through a Royal in the country, early settlers of the region had Decree issued by the King of Spain. It was in difficulties rebuilding their lives after the war these. very places where the Spanish for they were not spared from the wrath authorities made decisions that ultimately inflicted by the members of the Kalinga tribes governed the lives of the local people. from the north. As previously stated, pioneers in the region were constantly harassed by Prior to its creation in 1959, Quezon was members of the Kalinga tribes for years once part of a vast track of agricultural land especially during "Catlao" festival. One of called the Mallig Region. At that time, the area those who fiercely and bravely fought the that is presently under the political jurisdiction onslaught of the Kalingas was the late Jesus of the municipality was sparsely populated. Estrada for whom a barangay was later named Historians believe that the precursors of the after. It was only after the government and present inhabitants of Quezon are the Igorots leaders of the tribes negotiated and agreed to and the Kalingas of the Cordilleras. Although end hostilities that the threat to the lives of the the Igorots and the Kalingas are primarily early settlers of the region was eventually upland dwellers, historians have observed that dispelled. these natives come down from the highlands from time to time to hunt in the lowlands With the attainment of peace and security especially during the Oanao celebration. in the region, the exodus of settlers to the area increased. But the continued influx of When Manuel L. Quezon was elected as new settlers into the area resulted to a greater the President of the Philippine Commonwealth, need to provide for the basic requirements of one of the administration's main program was the. local residents. Officials of Isabela, to promote development in other areas in the particutarly Representative Delfin Albano of country aside from Manila. In order to achieve the lone district of Isabela saw the urgency this objective, President Quezon opened up and the need to create a new municipality out vast uninhabited areas for settlement hoping of Mallig. He authored House Bill No. 736 that these would be developed by those who which was later approved by the Senate and will decide to settle in those areas. Aside from President Carlos P. Garcia in 1959 through Mindanao, other parts of Luzon were similarly Rep~~lic .Act No. 2418 (An Act Creating the offered for settlement and development MUOlc/pallty of Quezon in the Province of including the province of lsabela, partlcularly lsabela). The name of the municipality was in the northwestern portion of the province which honor of the late President Manuel L Quezon was later called the Mallig Region. who was instrumental in the development of the municipalities of Mallig and Quezon. Seeing the potential of the area for settl~ment and agricultural development, Hilde.grando Pecson was appointed as the Preslde~t QU~zo~ declared the entire region first mayor of the newly created municipality as project site for his program on rural from 1960 until 1967 when Hermogenes development. In support of this declaration he Padilla defeated him. Padilla's term as mayor created the Office of National Land Settle~ent lasted until 1971 when the people popularly Administration (NLSA) which was re-named to elected a new mayor in the person of Gavino Land Settlement Development Corporation Gascon, the incumbent mayor of the (LASE DECO). Subsequently, this corporation municipality. After his term in 1976, Mayor was re-organized and its name changed to Gascon was succeeded by William Corpuz Board of Liquidators (BL). At that time, the who was in turn replaced by Oniate primary objective of the NLSA or LASEDECO Tabancura, a former officer in the military.

~~25 PHILIPPINEPLANNINGJOURNAL VoIsXKVI (2) &XXVII (1), Apri1-dctobfJr 1995~~

When former President Marcos was of 26,853 hectares. Where or how this was overthrown in 1986, President Aquino generated is unclear although such a figure appointed former Mayor Corpuz as the local may be found in the old town plan of Quezon chief executive. When the local elections was which was prepared with the assistance of the held in 1987, former Mayor Gascon was Housing and Land Use RegUlatory Board re-elected as mayor of Quezon, a mandate (HLURB). Based on 1:25,000 scale maps which he enjoys up to the present. prepared jointly by RURBAN and the MPDC, a figure of 22,503 hectares is calculated using a Geographic Location and land Area manual dot-grid system and validated by a digital planimeter. For this report, the 18,990 The municipality of Quezon is one of the 37 value shall be used based on the latest towns comprising the province of lsabela. municipal documents. Situated in the northwestern portion of the province, it is bounded on the north by the With regards to the need to seek municipality of Sta. Maria, on the south by the authoritative rUling on the issue of political municipality of Mallig, on the east by the boundaries and municipal land area, RURBAN municipality of Delfin Albano, all within the made representations with relevant province of Isabela: and on the west by the government agencies. As can be inferred from province of Kalinga. A land-locked the official communications, appears that the municipality, its absolute location is between "official" data will have to be provided by the DENR-Regional Office. However, figures in the 121032' to 121041' longitude East and 17014' records from the Survey Division of DENR to 17026' latitude north. Regional Office and from the official municipal map do not reconcile. In the process, RURBAN Its main access is a national highway that noted some errors in the map (e.g. traverses in a general north-south direction coordinates, places, names, etc.) Which casts Virtually slicing the municipality lengthwise and doubts on its veracity. then connecting it with other municipalities in Isabela (i.e., Sta. Maria in the north, Mallig in RURBAN calculated an area of the south). Towards the west is a provincial approximately 22,500 hectares (with about road which links Quezon to Sto. Tomas, 19,000 hectares referring only to the A&O Tuguegarao. lands), While data of the Surveys Division of the DENR Regional Office show a total land Its planned upgrading augurs well for the area of 18,990 hectares for Quezon (i.e., development of Quezon as the municipality 17,303 ha. A&D lands; 1,688 ha. forestland). can become a major transport node. A provincial artery links it with the province of For this paper, the 18,900-hectare figure is Kalinga to the west. The arterial link is adopted. The boundaries as depicted was approximately 56 kilometers (linear road adopted in consultation with the local distance) from lIagan, the capital town of counterparts, taking into consideration Isabela; about 150 kilometers from Tuguegarao, historical events and legal documents. It may the regional center; about 20 kilometers from be added that while the actual measurement of Tabuk, the provincial capital of Kalings; and municipal land area is a technical task, about 410 kilometers from Metro Manila with boundary disputes are essentially a political an average travel time of 8-9 hours by land. (but potentially legal) matter. The LGC has proposed ways of settling such controversy. As in the case with most local government units (LGUs), determination of the extent of There are at present 15 barangays in the local municipal jurisdiction is an issue municipality with moves on ti'le possibility of generating conflict between Quezon and some creating two additional barangays in the near of its neighboring municipalities. Based on the future. Four are considered urban and the rest 1994 Local Government Report, the municipal are rural. government uses a figure of 18,990 hectares, representing only about 1.8 percent of the The Climatic Regime total land area of the entire province of Isabela which is placed at 1,066,440 hectares. The Using the corona classification scheme, the province as evidenced in the draft ISABELA Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and PPFP presently uses the same figure. The Astronomical Services Administration office of the Municipal Assessor seems to be (PAGASA) has classified the climatic type of the source of this figure based on the Quezon under Type III category. Type III municipal cadastre. climate is characterized by two seasons which are not very pronounced; a relatively dry However, data from the office of the season which lasts for an average of four Municipal Planning and Development months from December to April, and a wet Coordinator (MPDC) reveal a larger land area season from May to November With maximum

~~26 Quezon. I..CDLUP (1995)~~

~~LEGENC:~~

~~COHVlNTlOtfAt.. 'HI" • • t:AU.I:80,OOO ...... + _ - tOft ~~~:;: ::::::::~ • . .""«iM'(lU*l,tNI:,... •• •• -m-...... '"'IIt./;(lIt£CY. ••••• ~~~

~~TOPOGRAPH rc MAP~~

~~ClUEZON COMPREHENSIVE I,.ANO USE' Pl..AH PROVINCE OF 1$All£l.A~~

27 PHfLlPPtNE PLANNING JOURNAL VoJs.XXVf(2) &XXVII (1), Aprlf-Oclober1995 rain periods towards the last quarter coming fiom'the uplandS. The physiography of (September to November). This classification the municipality falls in two basic categories: system is based on precipitation levels rather an alluvial plain and a mountainous terrain. than on temperature ranges due to the fact The central plain, where the Poblacion is that the tropical location of the Philippines located, has an elevation of about 100 meters prevents any significant fluctuation in above mean sea level, and is predominantly temperature readings. characterized by low relief and moderately sloping areas. Three-fourths of the town is Although the Sierra Madre flanks the covered by these flatlands which may be eastern boundaries of Quezon, the considered as a broad alluvial plain with predominance of relatively flat to moderately recent depositions and residual soils. These sloped areas and the absence of imposing areas are found sandwiched between the peaks prevent orographic precipitation. eastern and western uplands as well as on the Quezon, however, is exposed to the other side of the Sierra Madre foothills. monsoonal wind systems and that periodic typhoons are a permanent feature. The southwestern portion is characterized by the low lying hills with undulating and Rainfall rolling terrain, having elevations ranging from 90-120 meters above mean sea level. These The Agro-Meteorological station located in are basically shale and sandstone materials Minanga, 19uig, Cagayan recorded an annual which dominate the Isabela-Kallnga-Apayeo rainfall of 1,572.4 mm, 92.3 percent of which boundary. was recorded from May to November (1983-1987). Maximum rainfall of 309.2 mm The ,eastern edge, meanwhile, forms part of occurred in October, while minimum rainfall of the foothills of the major mountain range in the 3.4 mm occurred in February. area and dominates the eastern flank of Quezon. This high relief area has peak Temperature elevations of up to 200 meters above mean sea level and is composed primarily of As mentioned, diurnal variations in volcanic rocks. temperature readings are minimal with an annual average of 26.9 0C. The hottest month Slope Categoriesand Erosion Potential 0C of the year is April with an average of 29.9 In general, the terrain in the municipality while the coolest month falls on January with favors land development efforts. The 0-3 an average of 21.60C. Temperature extremes, percent slope which is characterized as level however, may dip to as low as 13.60C in to nearly level lands comprises 11,232 hectares representing 59.1 percent of the January, and may climb to as high as 38,4°C entire municipality. in April. Areas with gently sloping to undulating RelativeHumidity terrain cover about 2,891 hectares sporadically distributed in the eastern and The constantly high temperature promotes western fringes of the municipality, as well as evaporation in the area which in turn results in in its central and southern ends. This humid conditions. Sparingly does the humidity represents 15.2 percent of the entire level drop beloW 69,4 percent which is the municipality. minimum level during the month of October, even as it peaks to 94.3 percent during the The 8-18 percent slope category which is month of December. The annual average is a described as undulating to rolling terrain are high 85.9 percent. scattered in the eastern half, mainly at the footslopes of the Sierra Madre Mountain Topographic and Physiographic Features ranges. They cover about 1,354 hectares representing about 7.2 percent of the Topography and Geomorphology municipality. The next category 18-30 percent, described as romng to hilly, covers about The municipal landscape of Quezon is 3,007 hectares representing 15.8 percent. characterized by a mixture of relatively These are concentrated on the eastern portion flatlands punctuated at certain points by of the municipality, particularly in the slopes of undulating and rolling terrain, with mountain Sierra Madre. ranges flanking its eastern and western sides. The low lying hills and surrounding mountains Slope categories in the 30-50 percent ranges are slightly dissected by intermittent range, described as steep hills and mountains, creeks and waterways, which aetas natural and those greater than 50 percent, have drainage avenues of accumulated run off water limited area coverage of 478 hectares and 28

~~28 Quezon, Isab9fa CDWP (1995)~~

~~'0'~~

~~MUN.OF CABAGAN~~

~~i I I 25'~ es'• 1 I i I !~~

~~MUN. OF SANTO TOMAS~~

~~PROVo OF KALINGA APAYAO~~

~~eo'~~

~~MUN. OF MAGSAYSA't~~

~~MUN. OF MALLIG~~

12103~ eo' LEGEND; J'RCPA.VO er: ~flUftBAN Pl.ANNER',INC. oSLOP'i EMf] MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT OF QUEZON ~r.) DESCRIPTIoN MARCH .990 0-3 LEI/EL 1'>\'ERY & COIiTOOALI"E ••• -~ p.lv'fl'l./cpl;El( •••~ 15'-30 1'llLU>lb 1'>HILLy

~~3D-SO sree;pHILLS re SLOPE MAP T'IOUNTAlN.< >50 ~YSl"-EP SOURCE: QUEZON COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN PROVINCE OF ISABELA~~

~~29 PHILIPPINE PLANNING JOURNAL VoIs.XXVI (2) & XXVII (1), ApriI-Oetober 1995~~

~~MUN~ OF CABAGAN~~

~~ae'~~

~~MUN.OF"SANTO TOMAS~~

~~PROV. OF KAl.tNGA, A?AYAO~~

~~'0'~~

~~MOH.OV MAGSAYSAY~~

~~MUN, OF MAt..t.JG~~

~~L£GE NO:~~

!IIlII1lIDI NO APPARliENT l1'ROSIO>J I (XlHYI.NTfOHAL 'U'N' ec,A\.£ 1:80.000 &O\JHtliUtll:S +- PlIlOVIHCUl"••••••• __..._ ~ SLI~T eM!ilDN ::~u::t:;;;;;: =--..--= 1Il0AM NA'lOftM.. ••••••• _ ,"*oVIf'CIAI. •••••• _ ~:~n ____ ~::J~'t.c:,.~~ ::::-z-:::: EROSION MAP

~~!QURe! : QUEZON COMPREHENSIVE l.AND USEPLAN PROVINCE OF I$A8ELA~~

30 Quezon, Isabela CDLUP (1995) hectares respectively, representing only 2.5 usually located in slopes reaching up to 10 percent and 0.2 percent of the entire percent, usually at elevations of more than 50 municipality. These areas are found meters above mean sea level. The waters from sporadically at the Sierra Madre slopes and at deepwells are in general, of good quality. the footslopes of the Cordilleras. Almost all of the entire portion of Quezon is The predominance of level to nearly level classified as deep well area with a small areas resulted in manageable erosion portion of barangay Barucboc, having the problems for Quezon. Of the total municipal lowest point of elevation in the entire area, 7,862 hectares or 41.1 percent has been municipality, belonging to the shallow well classified as with no apparent erosion, 4,078 area. hectares or 21.8 percent of the total area has slight erosion, while 7,050 hectares or 37.1 Apparently, the waterholding capacity of percent of the total area has moderate the rock formations that underlie Quezon is erosion. Areas with moderate erosion are poor. Quezon is underlain with sedimentary concentrated in the vicinity of the hilly and rock formations, the dominant being recent mountainous portions of Quezon, caused depositions of alluvium. This covers much of primarily by minimal if not absence of the municipality except in the vegetative and forest cover in these areas. Barucboc-Estrada area which is underlain with sandstone. The unconsolidated nature of the The Soil System sandstone layers in these areas could account for the relatively shallow depth to the water Pedologic surveys conducted by the table since, in general, sandstone's Bureau of Soils and Water Management permeability allow good infiltration of water. (BSWM) have identified two major soil series/categories in Quezon. These broad Existing General Land Use Pattern categories are the Bago Sandy Clay Loam and the San Juan Clay. The San Juan Clay is Clustered development in a grid-iron extensively distributed covering about 11,394 pattern of road network characterizes the hectares or about 60 percent of the existing land use pattern. Built up areas municipality. It offers good potential for such (which include the residential, commercial, agricultural land use like orchards, commercial institutional areas), parks and open spaces forest/woodland and pasture/grazing lands. are sporadically located in the 15 barangays. The Bago Sandy Clay Loam on the other hand, The major concentration is situated in a covers about 7,596 hectares or about 40 contiguous area of four barangays, namely percent of the municipality. This particular Arellano, Samonte, Santos and Alunan, which type of soil is presently devoted to lowland comprise the town proper or the Poblacion. rice farming. The total built up areas has an aggregate area of 879 hectares or five percent of the total The assessment of the ground water land area of the municipality. resources by the National Water Resources Council (NWRC) in the entire province of Agricultural lands cover approximately Isabela was based on existing data on 8,400 hectares or 44 percent of the total land geologic formations, topography, ground area. Included are ricelands, corn/tobacco surface elevations, precipitation and land, lands devoted to vegetables, peanuts, groundwater levels, all of which are available fruit trees and other crops. from the files of various agencies. Open grasslands cover approximately Based on the study, Quezon is classified 7,226 hectares or 38 percent of the total; into two categories namely: deep and shallow however, only a small portion of these are well areas. Shallow well areas generally actually being utilized as grazing/pasture consists of recent formations with slopes lands while a major portion is left idle. ranging from 0-3 percent. Most of these areas are located at elevations within 50 meters Forestlands cover approximately 2,305 above mean sea level, like alluvial and coastal hectares or 12 percent of the total area and plains and river valleys. Shallow wells may these are located on the eastern portion of the also have deep water aquifer and are less municipality. However, due to denudation susceptible to salt water intrusion. Although caused by kaingin, these numbers are shallow wells can easily be made safe from dwindling considerably. While the land bacteriological pollution, they may not be classification map indicates a vast timberland resistant to the effects of fertilizer and areas, these do not appear to be based on pesticides, particularly those that are actual land use but rather, on tenurial status. constructed near ricefields. Deep well areas That is, public lands are generally termed generally consist of sedimentary formation, 90 timberland areas. Water bodies like rivers and percent of which are water carriers. These are creeks occupy an aggregate area of

~~31 PHIUPPINE PLANNING JOURNAL VoIs.XXVI (2) & XXVII(1), ApriI-Oc1obsr 1995.~~

~~" '~~

~~MUll,OF CAB_~~

~~as'~~

~~MON.OF SA>fro TOMAS~~

~~PftOV. OFKALINGA APAYAO~~

~~,0'~~

~~MUll. OF MAGSAYs.<.Y~~

~~'Mo' 17"J5-'~~

~~MUN. OF MAI.I.'O~~

~~LEGEND;~~

~~CONV£N11OHAt,. St.... tlCALE 1:.O~OOO ~".lItrt. + PJtOVIMCIAL. •••••• __• __ MUMlCIPI!l. ••••••• __'__ ...... ,,1' ••••••• _ ... _~~

~~.....••TtOflIlt.. ••••••• _ I!'ftOVlftCtA\. •••••• _ o",:=,:. . _____ :=J:U:'~I.: ::: --::::-:::::::= SOIL MAP~~

~~SOURC£: QUEZON COMPREHENSIVE l.AND USE PLAN PROVl!'ICE OF ISAlIEl.A~~

~~32 Quezon, Isabel. CDLUP (1995)~~

~~,,' ae'~~

~~MUN.OFSANTOTOMAS~~

~~PROV.Ofl'KALlNQA APAYAO~~

~~eo'~~

~~MON,OF MAGSAYl'IAY~~

~~'2' LEGENO:~~

~~CONVINT1ONAL St4N' + l!OIIMOl1tlt1' li!!imlU.: :::::;=.::== O~~AL: :::::------E~m~~:::~ GROUNDWATER MAP~~

~~SOURtE: QUEZON COMPREHENSIVE l-AND USE PI.AN PROVINCE OF ISAIlEl.A~~

33 PHILIPPINE PLANNING JOURNAL VoIs.xXVI (2) &XXVIf (1), April-October 1995 approximately 180 hectares or about one As earlier stated, all access roads to the percent of the total land area of the municipality's 15 barangays are municipaiity. interconnected via the national road, and practically all of these roads are made of Everything considered, land resources in gravel/earth material making travel within Quezon could be described as somewhat Quezon quite difficult. During the rainy underutilized given its vast potential for season, areas prone to flooding make it agro-industrial development. inaccessible. The eventual upgrading of these access roads plus the opening up of THE INFRASTRUCTURE alternative access roads are deemed AND necessary components for the comprehensive UTILITIES SYSTEM development of the whole of Quezon.

Infrastructure development in the Bridges municipality which may be viewed as a manifestation and an indicator of the level of An inventory of existing bridges reveals development is poor. that all of the nine bridges are of concrete. However, with the eventual widening of the Road Network and Transportation System national road, those bridges that fall within this stretch would become bottlenecks unless similar widening is eventually undertaken. Road Networks Transportation Terminals and Parking Lots The base map of Quezon indicates the major thoroughfares / arteries which provide circulation and access within and outside the Presently, there is a peculiar absence of municipality. These thoroughfares, considered permanent terminals for passenger vehicles in the municipality, where upon the roads critical to the progress and development of consequently serve as poor substitutes. This any municipality, could well be described as the "life blood" of Quezon. creates traffic congestion especially within the downtown market area which becomes a beehive of commercial activity during market Presently, Quezon is traversed by a total of days. It is foreseen that with the eventual 123.45 kilometers of road network, broken upgrading of the national road, a dramatic down accordingly by administrative incr~ase classification as follows: national road (25 in .the number of passenger / cargo vehicles plying through Quezon will occur. The kilometers), 20.26 percent of the total' municipal roads (32.4 kilometers), 26.25 eventual designation of permanent terminals for loading and unloading to ensure a smooth percent; and barangay roads (66.05 kilometers), 53.50 percent. and orderly flow of traffic along such thoroughfares would be imperative. likewise, on street parking should be discouraged. Statistics reveal the poor state and condition of the road network practically in all Owners of commercial establishments must be areas of the municipality. The inventory of required to provide- adequate parking area for their customers. existing roads classified by type of pavement shows that of the total 123.45 kilometers of road, only about a kilometers is made of Transportation Facilities concre.te, another one kilometer is asphalt, 64.9 kilometers (52.57 percent) is gravel, and The dominant modes of transportation the remaining 56.587 kilometers or 45.84 plying the Toads of Quezon are the modified percent is made of earth / dirt filled materials. version of the farmers hand tractor, more ~opu'arly known as the "kuliglig", and The main artery, which is the north-south jeepneys plying routes to and from the trending national road, traverses through the different barangays. Presently, there are only center of Quezon and bisects the town. The two or three minibuses plying the route from southern end connects Quezon with the Roxas to Tuguegarao (and vice versa) adjacent municipality of Mallig while the traversing through Quezon at a frequency of northern extension' provides the link to the once a day. The bigger bus companies like province of Kalinga Apayao and Cagayan. All PANTRANCO which plies the route from Tabuk access roads to all the 15 barangays in to Mani.la and DANGWA from Tabuk to Baguio Que~on .connects to this national highway (and vice-versa) traverse Quezon with the making ,t a most vital component in the same frequency. Other bus lines include development of Quezon. This main artery is Green Land Bus, Emmanuel, SST, Rovil predominantly made of gravel/earth material Trans, and Nelbusco Lines. The acute lack of and that upgrading (widening and concreting) public transportation is further compounded by is presently being undertaken with an the lack of scheduled jeepney trips. Bus estimated completion time of three years. companies, on the other hand, follows a 34 Quezon, Isabala CDLUP (1995) schedule. There must be regulation on this reservoirs complemented by a piped water matter for the welfare. of the riding public. system.

The water table or depth of groundwater in Power and Energy Sources Quezon ranges from 80-120 feet for most barangays. Except barangay Barucboc, the The power supply demand for the water table sits at 40-60 feet. Three municipality of Quezon is at present partially barangays, namely Abut, Callanguigan and being served by the Isabela Electric Lepanto benefit from the development of Cooperative, Incorporated (ISELCO) II, with its natural spring catchment reservoir near the generating units located in lIagan. boundary of the Kalinga Apayao mountains. Two more proposals are pipelined for spring Only eight of the 15 barangays in Quezon catchment reservoir development for are being serviced by ISELCO, namely: barangays Minagbag and Mangga, but this has Barucboc, Alunan, Sarnonte, Santos, Arellano, been put on hold due to the unavailability of Abut, Mangga and Minagbag, due to their funds. accessible location along the national road. However, records reveal that of the total These spring water reservoirs are not connections in these eight barangays, only 48 sufficient to cater to the needs of the people, percent of the households are actually hence, there is a need for installation of serviced with electricity. shallow wells and deepwells. These wells are the main sources of potable water for' most of The predominant use of electricity in the the barangays and in certain areas which are municipality is for lighting, electric appliances complemented by pumps and piped water and the like for residential, commercial and systems. institutional establishments. Agro I Industrial establishments which require heavy power The existing mix of water supply system is loads partially subscribe to ISELCO, but this is evidently insufficient to meet the present supplemented by their own power generating potable water demands of the whole units (generators) specially during summer municipality, and more so in the future. months when power outages are common. Water, being a basic need is critical to the survival and development of any community I Main reasons cited for the lack of effective habitat. Therefore, it is urgent that the problem power supply coverage for the whole of of water supply be addressed expeditiously. Quezon are the inadequacy of installation facilities and equipment like posts, Agricultural Use transformers, wires, etc. The sporadic I dispersed location of residential clusters also The farmlands of Quezon are dependent on make distribution of the utility difficult. the Chico River Irrigation System (CRIS-NIA) Summarily, it can be gleaned from these managed by the National Irrigation reasons that at the moment, there are doubts Administration (NIA). Of the total coverage, as to the financial viability and feasibility of only 4,234 hectares are irrigated during the extending power supply coverage to the dry season. This expands to a wider coverage remaining unserviced areas. of about 6,530 hectares as the wet season approaches. The unirrigated areas depend on But in any process of development, a rain water and pumped wells for its water fundamental element and a key indicator of its supply. Again, it is evident that the coverage progress is the capability to provide the most of the existing CRIS-NIA is insufficient to meet effective coverage of power supply at any area the present demand. within its confines. Therefore, evaluation of such a vital element to progress has to be If productivity is to increase which could be seen not only in the light of quantifiable the key to the economic development of factors such as financial viability alone, but Quezon, alternative sources of irrigation have also with regard to such factors like the social to be established to augment the already benefits/costs it brings, which in itself has limited ceverage of the CRIS-NIA. great economic impact. Drainage and Sewerage System Water Supply There is an apparent absence of an Domestic Use adequate man-made sewerage system in the municipality. The natural drainage system is The existing water supply facilities in composed of rivers, streams and various Quezon is a crude mix of deep wells, shallow tributaries which act as catchment for run-off wells (both public and private) with some water. Flash floods are already occurring in areas having developed spri:lg catchment the low - lying populated areas in the 35 PHIUPPINE PLANNING JOURNAL VoIa.XXVI (2) &XXVII (1), AptiI-OCtober 1995

~~.:~ %~ /~ ...... ~~~

~~NAP!)" IU.tL4~~

~~<:l;;/""~'"','~~'''\' 'C::'~~

~~COHvtHY1ONAL SIGNt aov,,"'lh + P"'OVIHCl.L ••••••• _ ....._ :::~~:::::::=-...-..=~~

~~INFRASTRUCTURE UTILITIES~~

~~SO'VRer; QUEZON COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE' PLAN PROVINCE OF ISA8a.A~~

36 Quezon, Isabela CDWP (1995) municipality, particularly in the Poblacion, as Philippine National Police (PNP) headquarters well as in settlement areas near river banks. for emergency purposes. A substantial portion of Quezon being flat would be prone to flooding especially as the Inadequacy of telecommunication facilities increase in settlement areas occur as a weakens whatever linkages the municipality natural consequence of growth and could establish with respect to the whole development. Unless the construction of province and country, debilitating whatever adequate, well-planned sewerage I drainage gains it could derive from such linkages. systems are incorporated in the construction of various roads I thoroughfares throughout POPULATION DYNAMICS the municipality, the situation could WOrsen. AND SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHICCHARACTERISTICS Waste Disposal System It is recognized that the demographic DomesticI Farm WasteDisposal aspect is an important consideration in any planning activity. After all, development plans The waste disposal system for domestic are formulated with the ultimate goal of waste is either through the Antipolo pit system improving the living conditions of people. or septic vault. Common in the outlying and Development is not about growth, development depressed areas where the· availability of is about people. It is with such a perspective potable water is scarce is the Antipolo pit that the plan for Quezon is formulated. Below system. In areas where potable water sources is a discussion of the socio-demographic are abundant, the septic tank is a common profile of the municipality. fixture. Total Population Solid WasteDisposal and Number of HOUseholds There is no municipal-wide solid waste disposal system. Individual compost I trash Based on the 1994 census of population pits are the predominant mode of waste undertaken. by the local population office, Quezon registered a total of persons. disposal in effect. 18,954 Household population on the other hand The absence of a municipal-wide waste accounted for a total of 3,709 giving an disposal system is deemed to be a health average of about five persons per household. hazard at present, especially during the wet season. With the increase in population, Out.of the total 18,954 people in the town, consumption of various produce increases and there are 8,192 registered voters. The vote ri~h along with it refuse and waste products. The areas include Barucboc, Arellano, pressing need to address this problem must Mlnagbag, Santos and Abut. also be realized to ensure sanitation and proper hygiene for the populace of Quezon Population Growth and Distribution particularly in the Poblacion area where close to 35 percent of the population converge. Historical population data show that Quezon has grown tremendously. Its total Communication Facilities population increased by 19.40 percent between 1975 and 1980, and 65.8 percent In this age of rapid advances in information from 1980-1990. From an annual average of technology, where physical barriers are 3.9 percent from 1975 to 1980, its population overcome, virtual global villages are linked grew by 6.6 percent annually from 1980-1990 quick. decision-making for public or privat~ which is three times the national average for benefit are made via modern the. same period. Such an increase may be telecommunication systems. The present attributed to natural increase and the influx of system of communications in Quezon, could migrants particularly the land seekers coming be considered inadequate, to say the least. mostly from the provinces of former Kalinga Apayao (now divided into two provinces, that The entire communication systems of of Kalinga) and Mt. Province. Barangays which ex~erienced Quezon is comprised of a postal and a continued increase in population telegraph offices, both manned by a skeletal during this period include those that are force, and are situated at the municipal hall in iocated in major strategic points such as the Poblacion. Fortunately, a telephone Santos, Alunan, and Arellano in the Poblacion; system has recently been installed. Although Abut and Barucboc both located along the there is only a single line (public) at the national highway and lepanto and Estrada on moment, more lines are to be added. the east. Expectedly, total number of ~ouseholds Supplementing these are two-way radio in the municipality correspondingly communications equipment located in the Increased.· From 1975-1980. number of

37 PHILIPPINE PLANNING JOURNAL VoIs.XXVI (2) & XXVII (1), April-October 1995 households increased by 29.5 percent from development, will continue to do so at the end 1,361 to 1,763 for an average annual growth of the planning period. rate of 5.9 percent. In the ensuing censal year, number of households reached 3,029 which Population Density translates to an average annual growth rate of 7.2 percent from 1980-1990. As of 1994, gross population density for the entire municipality was placed at 0.99 In the recent census on population person I hectare with barangays Arellano conducted by the local population office from (2.92) and Barucboc (2.12) topping the list 1992-1994, municipal population increased by while barangays Mangga (0.19), Aurora (0.30) 2,119 individuals, from 16,835 to 18,954 and Dummon (0.31) registering the least. Nine Average population change for the entire barangays exhibited density values greater municipality from 1975 to 1994 was placed at than the municipal average while one rural 130 percent for an annual average growth rate barangay has bigger density figure than the of 6.9 percent. urban average of 1.79.

In most municipalities all over the country, Age-Sex Distribution the urban barangays which comprise the Poblacion are usually the major settlement Three major age groupings may be used to areas. In the case of the municipality of describe Quezon: young-age group (0-14 Quezon, aside from the four urban barangays years old); working I productive age (15-64 there are also other major settlement areas years old) and 65 years old and over. As of located outside the Poblacion namely, Abut, 1994, Quezon had 54 percent or 10,212 Minagbag, and Barucboc. Located on the persons belonging to the productive age southern most portion of the municipality, group. While the NSO could only account for Barucboc has the biggest population in the 132 employed persons in commercial entire municipality surprisingly relegating establishments, the municipal government barangay Minagbag in second position. employs a total of 63 persons and the majority of the potential labor force are either in school Classified as a fifth class municipality, or involved in farming activities. The number Quezon is predominantly rural. In 1994, the for the young age group was 7,572 or 40 municipality's rural population registered a percent of the total population as compared to total of 12,147 persons, or 65.09 percent of its 1,090 or about six percent belonging to the old total population. Urban population on the other age bracket. hand accounted for 6,807 (34.91 %) of the municipal total. Contrary to the usual trend, the male population of Quezon outnumbered their Population Projections, 1995-2005 female counterpart by 566. The male population account for 52 percent (9,760) and The projection of the population of Quezon the females number 9,194. for the next 10 years, to coincide with the planning period, was premised on an Assuming that the same trend will prevail in estimated average annual growth rates the next ten years, productive age group will calculated individually for each barangay using have a total of 16,273 while the young and old the base figures from 1975-1994. Initial results age group categories can only muster a total indicate that almost one-half of the 15 of 12,066 and 1,738, respectively, by the year barangays have average annual growth rates 2005. of more than six to seven percent. Given the limited capacity of the municipality to provide GENERAL ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS its people with basic services, an average of six to seven percent increase in population Agi iculture annually will certainly pose a major problem for the municipal government. There is Agricultural Production therefore a need for the calibration and readjustment of the individual average annual The municipality of Quezon continues to be growth rates based on the proposed spatial principally an agricultural area. The office of strategy which provides a two-phased the Municipal Agriculturist reveals that as of development scheme for the municipality and 1994, there was a total of 8,400 hectares the implementation of the corresponding classified as agricultural lands. Of these, only investment program within the planning period. 6,551 hectares were actually cultivated while 1,849 hectares remain idle and unproductive. The population of Quezon is projected to reach 24,556 by year 2000 and 30,077 by year Rice was planted in 5,945 hectares of land 2005, respectively. Barangays, which have or about 71 percent of the total agricultural traditionally been the major seat of residential areas with 4,800 hectares being irrigated and 38 Quezon, Isabela CDLUP (1995)

1,145 hectares relying on rainfall for its water With the general average for all barangays requirements. Next to rice, corn and tobacco at 2,122 per farmer per year, the second group were the second extensively cultivated with a of barangays with lower production are as total coverage of 523 hectares. Fruits and follows: Minagbag (~ 2,000), Mangga, San vegetables were cultivated in 45 and 23 Juan (tie at ~ 1,750), Santos (~ 1,500), hectares, respectively, while coconut and Callanguigan (~ 1,400) and Arellano (~ 1,167). peanuts combined for a total of 15 hectares. The irrigated and irrigable areas of Quezon A good potential source of food protein and are considered as prime agricultural zone. supplementary income, fish culture (not only tilapia species) must be encouraged. Fish can With two croppings per year for the be grown together with palay on ricefields with irrigated rice lands, total yield reached sustained irrigation water through rice-fish 384,000 cavans which gives an average of 80 culture schemes. Some species, such as cavans per hectare. This is relatively low mudfish and catfish, can be raised even compared with other irrigated ricefields and without any input or feeding as long as there is can be attributed to the inadequacy of water adequate water. because of the limited coverage of the CRIS-NIA facilities. The rainfed rice average Livestock and Poultry Raising only 30 cavans per hectare. Livestock raised in 15 barangays of Data reveal that rice farmers in six of the Quezon include cattle, carabao, hog, goat, and 15 barangays have obtained higher annual horse. Except for some cattle at Alunan and average income than their counterparts in the carabaos at Minagbag and Lepanto where rest of the nine barangays. The six barangays some animals are raised for sale, these where farmers have higher than 20,500 annual animals are used more as work animals in average income include Minagbag (~ 24,000), tilling the land for agricultural crops and Santos (~ 22,500), Arellano (~ 21,500), hauling farm products. Some animals of Barucboc (~ 21,500), Mangga (j;!. 21,000) and burden are also a good source of fresh milk for San Juan (~20,500). families for local consumption. These big animals (1,336 heads of cattle and 2,190 Tailing the higher earners are rice farmers heads of carabao) are grown/maintained more in Turod (~20,150). In Abut, Alunan, Aurora, as farm-helps rather than for commercial Estrada and Samonte the farmers earned an purposes. The work animals play an important annual average of ~ 20,000 each. Finally, role in land preparation for planting crops as every rice farmer in the last'three barangays; there are only a handful of tractors in the Lepanto, Dummon and Callanguigan earned town.- during the s,ame year an average of ~ 19,500; ~ 18,500; ~ 18,000, respectively. One thousand nine hundred three heads of hogs and 633 heads of goats raised in the Assuming all crop cultural requirements barangays serve as part of the livelihood for were uniformly done in all the 15 barangays, additional income and supplementary source the increase in efficiency rate of produce can of protein for local residents. It is seldom that be attributed to synergistic effects of hogs and goats are sold in commercial scale labor-ricefields-irrigation water mix. Hence, outside the municipality. optimum manpower use and increase in the present size of lands with effective irrigation There are only four barangays keeping facilities must be made available to improve horses. A total of 33 of these animals are used further present crop yields. Nonetheless, other for transporting farm produce and as means of than inadequacy of irrigation water, there is a transporting some residents. Most are in great need for regular services of Lepanto with 26 heads; Callanguigan has knowledgeable rice farm technician to better three, Abut and Santos have two horses each. assure improving rice production. Poultry, 16,236 birds in all and mostly of Fishery Production the white leghorn and native chicken species from 13 of the 15 barangays is too few to be Two to eight farmers in 12 of the 15 consldered in commercial quantity. The total barangays are engaged in tilapia culture as production of poultry and poultry products are their supplementary source of food and not even enough for local consumption. While income. Fish harvests in 1994 in the first six a number of households sell some of the birds barangays were more than the general to their neighbors and the local town market to average, values ranging from ~ 2,188 to supplement family income, most are limited to ~ 3,500 for each farmer. family consumption.

~~39 PHILIPPINE PLANNING JOURNAL VoIs.XXVI (2) & XXVII (1), April-October 1995~~

Food Supplyand Demand:SufficiencyAnalysis products will reach 1,673 metric tons of vegetables and 976 metric tons of fish. It has been firmly established in previous paragraphs that the municipality of Quezon is AgriculturalEquipmentand Facilities primarily an agricultural area where palay and corn are the major grain crops being produced. The predominance of agriculture activities To determine whether the municipality has in Quezon may be gleaned from the presence achieved some level of sufficiency in terms of of agricultural support facilities. A total of 17 food production vis-a-vis local demand, a food rice I cornmills, 22 warehouses, 26 buying sufficiency analysis has been undertaken for stations, 198 hand tractors and 29 trucks are purposes of establishing the capacity and the used to support farmers. Because most of ability of Quezon's land and human resources these are privately-owned, they are to produce food for its local consumers. Based concentrated in only about half of the on present production level, Quezon's rice barangays, except for the hand tractors. production is estimated at 10,459 metric tons, the highest among the four selected staple Lands UnderAgrarianReform food. It is expected that by year 2005, production level will be about 13,039 metric The implementation of the comprehensive tons. As a result of its landlocked location and agrarian reform program of the national limited space for inland fishery production, government, like in many areas of the country, only an average of about 1.20 metric tons of has also been observed in Quezon. Out of the fish mainly the tilapia variety has been total area of 4,806 hectares of agricultural produced in the past years. Ceteris paribus, lands targeted for distribution among tenants fish production will only increase to 1.73 and farm workers, about 83 percent or 4,023 metric tons by year 2005. hectares have been given to beneficiaries. Out of this total, lands distributed under With rice being a staple food requirement Operation land Transfer through the issuance of every household, the demand for rice was of emancipation patents accounted for 30 expected to be the highest among the four percent, the highest among the various types selected food items at 2,150 metric tons only or schemes of land distribution. Other types of for this year. At the end of the planning period, land which greatly contributed to the success the expected demand for rice may increase to of the program include those that were 3,437 metric tons. Aside from rice, the other acquired from lASEDECO and Government major staple food of the llocanos are Financing Institutions. vegetables. For 1995 alone, the demand for vegetables in general is placed at 1,065 metric In the brief report prepared by the tons, almost one-half of the demand for rice. Municipal Agrarian Reform Office (MARO), the Demand for vegetables will reach 1,703 metric remaining hectares of lands (l.e., about 783 tons by year 2005. hectares) is envisioned to be distributed among farmer-beneficiaries by 1998. By SUbtracting the present and projected demand from the present and projected supply Aside from the acquisition and distribution of selected agricultural products, one can aspects of CARP, farmers may also avail of establish the food sufficiency level for the DAR's program on leasehold agreement. Data municipality. The municipality has sufficient from the local agrarian reform office indicate supply of rice and meat which includes beef, that there are about 17 lessors and 30 lessees pork, and poultry. Assuming that strategic from nine barangays who availeci of leasehold agricultural policies are adopted and properly agreements. These agreements amounted to implemented such as the following: (a) that only 72.4525 hectares out of more than 255 irrigation facilities will be constructed on time, hectares programmed for such activity. The (b) that irrigation water will be provided when representative from MARO was quick to the need arises, (c) that conversion of explain that the stark difference between the agricultural lands will be minimized if not existing and targeted number of hectares to be totally controlled, and (d) promote the placed under leasehold agreement may be development of livestock production. attributed to a number of undocumented cases of lessor-lessee agreements made in the Although the municipality's supply of rice municipality. Fortunately, the Municipal and meat is more than sufficient, Quezon's Agriculture Office (MAO) has made an local production of vegetables and fish are accounting of all lease agreements entered something to be desired. For this year alone, into between the lessors and tenants in 1994. deficiency in the production of vegetables and In its latest report, there are 47 lessors fish were estimated at 1,045 metric tons and distributed over 15 barangays who entered 610 metric tons, respectively. By year 2005, into a lease agreement with farmers. In all, deficiency on these two major agricultural 339 hectares of agricultural lands fall in this category with the largest areas found in Abut

~~40 Quezon, lubela COLUP(1996)~~

~~(43 hectares), Samonte (40 hectares) and Santos all of which are being leased by former Barucboc (45 hectares). Senator Ramon Mitra.~~

ForestrySub-Sector A denuded or poor forest stand makes a poor watershed. Watershed serves as a Municipal records reveal that Quezon has a natural water reservoir which is vital to 2,305-hectare of forestlands. The forest zone agricultural production and for sustaining life is already denuded due to unscrupulous and in human settlements. Considering the size of unlawful logging. The exploitation of other the land, even if the whole forestland Is fully forest products has also resulted to developed into a commercial stand, its yield in environmental degradation in the locality. terms of construction lumber will not be While not visible, irreversible loss of many commensurate to the adverse effects it will rare and indigenous natural biological generate for the growing population of the resources is a certainty. municipality.

In response to these concerns on the state It is good to remember that a forest is not of forest lands in the municipality, the merely for watershed and lumber products. It Department of Environment and Natural serves also as a gene pool of many plant and Resources (DENR) through the Community animal species for human food, medicines. Environment and Natural Resource Office and industrial materials. Forests are also the (CENRO) has taken the necessary steps in habitat of wildlife besides conditioning the order to arrest the destruction of the last environment and making it conducive to man's remaining local forestlands. CENRO has habitation. Hence, it is paramount that the approved several reforestation projects which 2,305 hectares of forestland be re-established, involve the introduction of various tree species properly maintained, and protected to ensure a in selected plantation areas. Towards the end sustainable source of the miscellaneous needs of 1993, there were seven contractors which of man. were tapped by the DENR to undertake reforestation activities in the municipality. Commerce and Trade Total area inVOlved was estimated at 337 hectares of tree plantations. The largest was a Commercial Establishments contract made with the local government unit last February 1990 covering an area of 60 Aside from agricultural activities, the other hectares. The locations of these reforestation major indicator of the level of economic projects are mainly concentrated in barangays development (or underdevelopment) is the Minagbag, Abut and Mangga. nature and characteristics of economic establishments In an area. In addition to reforestation activities, there are three integrated social forestry (ISF) According to the records of the Office of projects that were implemented in the the Mayor. there are about 168 business municipality. Covering an area of 718 hectares establishments currently operating in the that were leased to some 387 municipality. Of this total, 111 or household-beneficiaries, these projects are approximately 66 percent are sari-sari stores. located in barangay Santos, Abut and The rest are small-scale balut factories, Minagbag where there are a number of bakeshops, grocery stores, and other families living in the uplands. The primary aim service-related business establishments. of this particular program is to rehabilitate denuded forest areas without displacing The distribution of establishments confirms households or upland communities which the initial impression that the municipality Is depend heavily on the cultivation of forest basically a goods-consuming community lands. wherein most of the business enterprises sell a variety of products for daily consumption of Aside from projects which involves the local residents. Practically all barangays have rejuvenation of the existing forestlands, varying numbers of sari-sari stores with Quezon is also hosts to a number of Pasture Barucboc, Abut, Lepanto, Alunan and Santos Lease Agreements. Records at the CEHRO as having the most. office would show that originally there were about seven PLAs entered into by CENRO with Asiele from the ubiquity of sari-sari stores, private individuals. In the latest inventory Quezon is also known for its thriving balut conducted by the same office, three PLAs in industry. Out of 168 establishments, 15 are into Mangga and one in Minagbag had been either balut-making. There are only two barangays canceled or abandoned due to various where this particular activity is found and reasons. At present, only three PLAs are left these are Minagbag In the north and Atunan in operating in the entire municipality, two in the south. Since the most dominant economic barangay Minagbag, and one in barangay activity in the area i& rice farming it would do

~~41 PHILIPPINEPLANNINGJOURNAL VoIs.XXVI (2) &XXVII (1), ApriI-Octobl!lf 1995~~

the farmers well if they could venture into this In terms of employment size, majorities of type of enterprise. There is a vinegar factory establiShments have a small work force. and a wood processing plant in barangay Almost 98 percent are classified as small Santos as well as a rattan shop in Barucboc. establishments with employment size ranging from one to nine employees. Only one Another major observation that can be establishment had a work force greater than obtained from the distribution of business ten. enterprises in the municipality is the presence of activities that either cater to the needs of The number of establishments in the the agriCUltural sector or the personal needs municipality is insignificant compared to the and requirements of residents. For instance, province. A number of factors contributed to there are fowr business activities concentrated this situation one of which is the geographic in barangay Arellano which supply agricultural location. Quezon is the northernmost town of equipment to the farmers in the municipality. the province and is approximately 56 Aside from these four establishments, farmers kilometers from Hagan, the capital town of also get their farm supplies and equipment lsabela. As a result, human settlements from nearby munlclpalltlea such as Mallig and development is quite limited. Roxas. This condition is brought about by the fact that some farmers especially in barangays Comparing the distribution of quite distant from the Poblacion such as Turod establishments based on work force, both the and Barucboc have accessibility problems. It municipality and the province have small scale was learned also that some business establishments. The province, for instance, establishments in nearby municipalities has about 95 percent of its total provide financial assistance to these farmers establishments haVing an employment size of which make farmers gravitate toward these one to nine employees and this is similar to other centers. the trend observed for the municipality.

To cater to the personal needs of the local In addition, an analysis of the distribution residents, there are a number of business of establishments based on sub-industry activities which provide such services as photo classification indicates the same hierarchy of supplies, parlors and video tape rentals. ubiquity of economic activities. At the provincial level, wholesale and retail trading Finally, based on the characterization of rank first with community, social and personal business enterprises and its distribution in the services and manufacturing activities coming entire municipality, it would be extremely in distant second and third, respectively. The interesting to find which among the 15 same level of hierarchy may also be observed . barangays have the most number of at the municipal level wherein similar establishments. As explicitly indicated in the sub-industry categories have a similar ranking. previous table barangay Arellano has the Thus, in all respects, the municipality reflects greatest variety of economic activities as it is the distribution and characteristics of the only barangay which has practically all the industries and establishments at the provincial types of establishments present in one area. level. This implies that barangay Arellano is apparently the center of economic activities in In terms of level of employment the municipality. As far as the commercial opportunities, the NSO data reveal that the activities are concerned, prOViding access to municipality generated only 132 jobs. other nearby barangays should form the main Community, social and personal services had thrust of the municipality. the most number of employed personnel with 48, most of whom belong to the small industry category. Personal and pUblic services are Distribution ofEstablishments and Employment closely followed by small scale wholesale and retail trade and manufacturing activities with In the National Statistics Office (NSO) total employment of 38 and 35, respectively. listing of establishments in Quezon, the Finally banking and finance registered the municipality has 43 establishments which is lowest employment about 13 employees all of less than one percent of the total whom belong to small-scale establishments. establishments for the province. Of the 43 Only one large establishment was monitored establishments, 17 (40 %) are classified as by the NSO With total employment of 17. wholesale and retail trade; 12 (30 %) are manufacturing and 11 (26 %) are into With an estimated total population of community, social and personal services. 19,497 in 1994 and a potential labor force of Other establishments include two about 54 percent (which translates to 10,549 transportation, communication and storage persons), a total employment of 132 warm and those in the category of financing, bodies represents an unemployment rate of insurance, real estate and business services. about 98 percent. The gap between the NSO

~~42 Quezon, Isabela CDLUP (1995)~~

registered total employment and the actual A total of 1,354 units have six or more municipal total employment level may be occupants, translates to an average of eight to attributed to (i) the agricultural sector and (Ii) 20-square meter space per person. the local government. Tenure and Modeof AcqUisition It has been noted in previous discussions that the agricultural sector is the most A total of 2,963 or 98 percent of the total dominant economic activity in the municipality. households either own or amortize the present Since agricultural employment is not included housing units they occupy. Only about two in the NSO's census of establishments, those percent of the total households occupy their who are engaged in various types of houses free with the owner's consent and the agricultural activities are not considered. As rest may technically be considered as far as the local government unit is concerned, squatters since they are occupied without the the municipal government is a major source of owner's consent. employment for the local residents. As of latest report, the municipal government had a Education total of 63 occupied plantilla positions excluding vacancies to be filled in the near Education Facill1ies I Establishments future. As of 1994, there were 13 public and one THE SOCIAL SERVICES SECTOR private schools in Quezon. Public schools are composed of 12 primary and elementary Housing and Shelter schools and one high school. La Salette of Quezon located in the Poblacion is the only Housing Stock private school in the municipality.

In 1990, the total number of housing units There are no tertiary educational in Quezon was placed at 3,103. Out of this institutions available in Quezon. High school total, 2,986 were occupied and 117 were graduates either take their college and other considered vacant. post-secondary education in Tuguegarao, Baguio or Metro Manila. Interviews with some An analysis of NSO data on housing units members of the community indicate that many reveals the increasing number of dwelling students, for example, are sent to Baguio, units in the past three decades. From 1,058 Manila and other major urban centers for units in 1960, it slowly increased to 3,103 in tertiary education. 1990. There is also an increasing number of vacant dwelling units from a total 0133 in 1960 Enroffment and StandardRatios to 117 in 1990. For SY 1993-1994, enrollment in Structure Type pre-school, primary and elementary sChools reached a total of 3,589. Of this total, 64 Of the 2,986 housing units, 2,934 or 94 percent were enrolled in primary schools. percent are single houses generally located in Intermediate schools accounted for only 23 the rural areas. The rest are duplexes and percent while the rest were enrolled in combination of commercial, industrial and pre-schools. A total of 1,055 students were agricultural uses. In 1990, there were 3,029 enrolled in secondary schools. households who occupied 2,986 dwelling units of various types. There are certain housing From a total enrollment of 4,183 for all units which allow more than one family to live levels in SY 1993-1994, number of students is in one structure. This observation holds true in expected to increase to 4,899 by year 2000 the case of single housing units in both urban and will continue to do so at the end of SY and rural areas. Duplex and other types of 2004·2005 to 5,880. Enrollment at the primary housing units (commercial, industrial, and level will account for the largest number of agricultural) account for only 1.7 percent of pupils as more than 50 percent of the the municipality's total. projected enrollment in 2005 will be composed of students from Grades I to IV. Students at Average Sizeand FloorArea the secondary or high school level will have a total enrollment of 1,496 or 25 percent of the Around 52.54 percent or 1,569 occupied total enrollment for that year. housing .units have less than 19-square meter floor areas with an average of five occupants The teaching manpower of primary schools per dwelling unit. This includes 689 units with (except for Day Care Centers) shows a slight less than 10-square meter floor area. deficiency (1:45) with regard to the national standard requirement of one teacher for every 40 students. Both pre-school and secondary

~~43 PHILIPPINE PLANNING JOURNAL Vo/$XXVI (2) & XXVII (1), ApriI-October t995~~

level are within the standard having 1:27 and Both< 1993 and 1994 have registered the 1:38 teacher-student ratios, respectively. same top five leading causes of morbidity. The only observed difference is that there had To quantify the current and projected been a two to four percentage points increase requirement for teachers, for 1995, about 11 in the incide.nce between the two periods and teachers is needed to be hired by the local the entry of PTB and Leprosy in the top ten school board for the primary and intermediate leading causes of morbidity. levels. Out of this eleven teachers, eight are required at the primary level and the remaining Aside from morbidity, types and incidence three at the intermediate level. As mentioned of mortality represents the second major previously, there is a sufficient number of indicator of the general health situation in a teachers at the secondary level. Assuming that municipality. The two leading causes of death teacher requirements will be met not only this are pneumonia and cardiovascular diseases. year but also in the next four years, the These two diseases comprised more than additional requirement for teachers five years one-half of the total number of mortality in hence will only be three, t.e., one each for 1993 but its share went down to just 45 every level. But by year 2005, as a result of an percent in 1994. One additional but extremely impending increase in enrollment, an important observation that can be extracted additional six teachers will have to be from the data presented in the table is the deployed one-half of which will be assigned at increasing incidence of death due to the primary level. cancer-related diseases. In 1993, for instance. cancer accounted for 6.67 percent of the total On the other hand, the classroom to deaths but in 1994, percent share of mortality student ratio at the secondary level is placed cases due to cancer had practically doubled. at 1:48; at elementary and pre-school at 1:45 and 1:27, respectively. Obviously, there Facilities and Manpower appears to be a lack of classrooms both at the elementary and secondary levels. The reqUired Recently, Quezon inaugurated its 10-bed number of classrooms for this year alone is Emergency Hospital (a district-level facility) estimated at 19 for all levels. Out of this total, which will take care of the hospitalization and eight classrooms are required at the primary medical needs of the popUlace. Currently, it level and six at the intermediate level. employs two doctors, three nurses, and four Classroom requirement at the secondary level paramedic personnel. is only pegged at five. If the need for additional classrooms for this year and in the Quezon has one Rural Health Center ensuin.g years will be properly addressed by (RHC) with a doctor, nurse, a midwife, medical the municipal government, only five additional technologist, and sanitary inspector. Five 'classrooms will have to be constructed, three Barangay Health Stations (BHS) located in of which are to be allocated for the primary barangays Abut. Lepanto, Barucboc, Turod students. and Mangga provides health care service to the rest of the town. Health and Sanitation Nutrition Morbidityand Mortality Quezon has 77 severely malnourished One major indicator of the level of health children out of 2,693 children weighed during condition in a particular locality pertains to the Operation Timbang. For second and first types and incidence of morbidity cases for a degree malnourishment, Quezon registered a particular period. In 1993, data gathered by high of 324 and 760 respectively. For children the local Rural Health Unit (RHU) indicates below 5 years of age. malnourishment that there were 3,695 reported cases of incidence was posted at 1,161 out of 2,692 or illnesses in the municipality. Out of this total. 43 percent. Even if those not weighed within 24 percent or 903 cases were mostly due to this age group are not malnourished, this still Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI). Aside from translates to a high 36 percent incidence. ARI, there was a high incidence of anemic cases registered in the municipality. Anemia is Protective Services a type' of blood related medical disorder characterized by lack of in-take of iron, a At present, there are 12 Philippine National mineral which can be found in meat prOducts, Police (PNP) personnel providing protective eggs, milk, and fish. In addition, there were services in Quezon. This gives a policeman to also incidence of parasitism and diarrhea, both population ratio of 1:1,297. Although the of which are highly related to personal headquarters is in the Poblacion, there are hygiene. barangay brigades in every barangay providing assistance to the police. To help in its peace Quezon, Issbf1Ie CDLUP(1995) keeping duties, the police has one service the municipality to implement development jeep and one motorcycle. programs and projects.

At present, the municipality needs seven Local Organizational Structure additional policemen. By year 2005, the local government unit must beef up' its local police Pursuant to RepUblic Act 7160 (1991 local force by hiring 11 additional policemen. Government Code) and other laws pertinent thereto, the municipal mayor provides the The fire protection force, on the other necessary guidance and administrative hand, has six firemen which means that there supervision over 12 local executive offices is only one fireman for every 3,036 population. whose respective duties and responsiblllties In order to correct the existing disparity on the are necessary in the daily activities of the required number of fire fighters in the municipal government as well as in the municipality, the local government unit needs delivery of basic services to the local 13 additional firemen to strengthen its present residents. The local Sangguniang Bayan (SB), line up. But with the expected increase in on the other hand, is mandated to lend support population within the next ten years, the to the municipal mayor in terms of enacting municipality of Quezon need to increasa its ordinances and approving local resolutions force by hiring 11 additional firemen by year and appropriate funds for the general welfare 2005. of the municipality and its inhabitants. The SB is similarly charged with the proper exercise of The fire department has one firetruck. the corporate powers of the municipality in its Since 1990, seven fires of accidental origin drive to generate funds. have occurred in Quezon. As of January 1995, there were about 78 Social Welfare Services positions both elective and appointive in the organizational plan of the municipal Social welfare services are provided by the government of Quezon. Out of this total, 63 Municipal Social Welfare and Development positions have been filled and the rest are yet Office (MSWDO). MSWDO operates 16 DCCs to be occupied. located in each barangays. Only Minagbag has two centers. At present, these centers benefit In terms of the development administration some 419 children from a potential clientele of capability of the municipality, the most vital 2,470 of children aged 1-4 years. among the many local bodies is the local development council. As stipulated in Section Sports and Recreation 106 or RA 7160, the Municipal Development Council (MDC) is tasked, among others, to Typical nationwide, basketball seems to be formUlate a comprehensive multi-sectoral the most played game by the youth in the development plan to be approved by the SB. municipality. To date, Quezon has a total of 15 Thus, the primary role of the MDC is to provide basketball courts. Only Estrada and guidelines/policies in the drafting of Callanguigan do not have these facilities. The development plans, programs and projects for municipality also has four baseball/softball consideration and approval of the SB. The fields and three public parks for children and MOe is also expected to take the lead in the promenades. For the grown ups, there is a coordination, implementation and monitoring of cockpit arena in barangay Arellano. investment programs and projects.

INSTITUTIONAL ANDFISCAL In the case of Quezon, the local ADMINISTRATION development council has been active in the execution of its duties and responsibilities This section of the report presents the especially in the identification of development structure of the municipal government focusing strategies suited to the needs of the local on the existing offices / municipal bodies people. In a recent meeting with members of charged with the planning, implementation, the MDC and representatives of local coordination and monitoring of development executive offices of the municipal government, aCtivities. Since the success of any planning it was learned that the proposed development initiative depends, to a large extent, on the strategy hinges on the transformation of the availability of financial resources either for municipality into one of the province's major capital Investments or for human resource agro-industrial center. development, an examination of the expenditures and income patterns of the lGU Since the MDC is the main policy making concerned Is also presented. Data and results body in as far as the formulation of the of the analysis of this chapter will play a comprehensive land use plan is concerned, crucial role In the identification of measures the burden of providing the necessary that would enhance the financial capability of technical support and assistance to the local PHILIPPINE PLANNING JOURNAL VoIs.XXVI (2) & XXVII (1), April-october 1995 development council lies on the shoulders of only this source which consistently exhibited the Municipal Planning and Development positive growth rate. Coordinator (MPDC) whose mandate under the new Code is to serve as chairman of the It may be noted that the bulk of the secretariat of the council. As such, his municipal revenue come from the IRA. Since responsibilities include documentation of the IRA's share to total municipal income proceedings, preparation of technical studies ranges from a low of 67 percent in 1991 to and reports and providing such other almost 85 percent in 1994, any changes in the assistance as may be required. At the present IRA will correspondingly have a major impact time, the office of the MPDC is headed by on the total local revenues. To avoid a Engr. Danilo Usita. He is ably assisted by a situation where local operations become too Project Development Assistant. A statistician dependent on IRA, it is imperative to exert has also been allocated for the MPDC but this effort to increase local revenues either through position has yet to be filled. an enhancement of the collection efficiency and/or being more creative in sourcing Municipal Income and Expenditures additional income.

For 1995, the municipality of Quezon Finally, in terms of expenditure patterns expects to generate total revenue of during the same period, the municipal 12,044,396. Out of this total, tax revenues will government of Quezon spent most of its local contribute about 11,462,339 or 95 percent of revenues for personal services and daily the total municipal income. Like many fifth operations of its executive offices. Quezon has class municipalities, Quezon relies heavily on not been able to maximize its 20 percent its internal revenue allotment (IRA) to finance development fund since majorities of the funds its local activities. This year, the Department have been allocated for other purposes other of Budget and Management (DBM) has than development programs / projects. apportioned P8.8 million as the municipality's share in the national revenues. This amount represents about 74 percent of the total revenues to be generated by the municipality. The rest will be sourced from property taxes VOLUME 2: COMPREHENSIVE and other non-tax based local sources. LAND USE PLAN

Looking at the income figures from 1991 to 1994, revenues generated for the period show INTRODUCTION an increasing pattern, from 2.6 million to 9 million. This amounts to an average increase of about 2.1 million annually; a considerable Overview increment by any standard measure. Although revenue figures reveal an upward movement in The Department of Agriculture has absolute terms, the rate of growth, however, categorized Quezon as highly suitable not only show a decreasing trend. After attaining a for lowland rice production but also for decent growth rate of 71 percent in 1992, the intensified and diversified agriculture and rate of growth started to decline during the agro-forestry. But to date, this agricultural succeeding periods as it posted rates of 64 potential remains relatively untapped. For percent in 1993 and 24 percent in 1994. The more than three decades since its creation in diminrshing rate of growth is not necessarily a 1959, the people of Quezon, Isabela have reflection of collection inefficiency but could come to accept the fact that the development possibly be attributed to the re-structuring of of their municipality will never be realized if local funds as a result of the implementation of they will rely solely on the assistance being the new code. provided by the national government.

During the same period, tax revenues Realizing that the town can not simply rely exhibited fluctuations. While total annual on the government's budgetary allocation, the growth rates of taxes decreased from a 78 municipality finds ways to uplift its present percent in 1992 to 66 percent and 20 percent level of development. Capitalizing on the new in 1993 and 1994, respectively, overall, only set of powers and responsibilities granted to the Special Education Tax and Taxes on local government units by virtue of RA 7160, Goods and Services performed poorly. From and the desire of the enlightened local officials 1991-1994, property tax and other taxes and staff to uplift the plight of the local (particularly the IRA) posted total growths of populace, the municipal government has 117 and 340 percent, respectively. Another embarked on an important task of planning its noteworthy performance was on the income path to development. The municipal generated by the local government's business government sought the technical expertise of operations. Among local revenue sources, it is RURBAN Planners, Inc. in formulating its

~~46 Quezon. Issbeia CDLUP(1995)~~

Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) for the Plan Fonnulation Methodology and Process planning period 1995 to 2005. The formulation of the Quezon CLUP was The Quezon CLUP is a planning document anchored on distinct but interrelated planning that sets .the stage for a sound development of activities, to wit: (a) data gathering and public the munic.ipality. The CLUP prescribes the consultation, (b) physical and socio-economic general and urban land uses, identifies profiling, (c) development framework socio-economic development priorities, high formulation, (d) spatial strategy development, impact programs and projects, and the needed selection and land use planning, (e) sectoral infrastructure and utilities that would serve the plan formulation, and (f) identification of plan needs of its inhabitants. Thus, the CLUP is a implementation considerations. multi-sectoral planning document that attempts to integrate various sectoral concerns and The first step involved secondary and interests providing the framework not only for primary data gathering. Maps from various sectoral growth but also for spatial national agencies (BSWM, NAMRIA, LMB, development. DENR, NSO, etc.) were collected and transformed into a scale appropriate for Together with the Physical and planning purposes. Statistical information from Soclo-Economic Profile, the Quezon CLUP other national, regional and provincial serves as the municipality's blueprint in the agencies were likewise generated. The second Identification and implementation of programs set of data that were used in the project were and projects. It is, therefore, envisioned to taken from the various municipal offices during play a crucial role in the municipality's effort In the consultants' numerous visits to the project attaining a sustainable level of development area. Aside from these information, a during the planning period. consultation-dialogue with the local officials and members of the community was held, the main purpose of which was to elicit comments Planning Goal and Objectives and suggestions on the various problems that beset the community and some The ultimate goal of the Quezon CLUP is to recommendations on how these problems guide the short and long-term physical and could be addressed. socio-economic development of Quezon, Isabela. Specifically, the plan alms to achieve Equipped with all the necessary data about the following: the study area, the planning activity proceeded with the preparation of the Physical and Promote the efficient and equitable Socio-Economic Profile (PSEP). The PSEP utilization, acquisition and disposition of land provides the basis of the plan. It gives a as a limited resource and a valuable comprehensive account of the existing commodity; situation in the municipality. 1) Allocate land uses that will promote productivity and environmental After the completion of the PSEP, a brief integrity; review of the various development thrusts enunciated at the' national, regional and 2) Effect an efficient settlement and provincial levels was undertaken. Given these infrastructure system for better access development objectives, a suitable by the population to basic services, development framework was chosen for the facilities and utilities; municipality which in turn was further translated into various spatial development 3) Enhance the people's skills and alternatives: With the assistance of the local capability in order to increase their officials and members of the community, the Income and uplift their standard of various spatial development alternatives were living; evaluated and a preferred spatial development scenario was selected. 4) Provide a mechanism that would pave the way for the institutionalization of Strategies were formulated to cushion the people's participation In decision impact of land use allocation and distribution, making; and,· and provide sound environmentai interventions of various sectoral concerns and interests. 5) Attain a level of local economic The final output is a land use plan allocating development that is sustainable and land for specific functional purposes. most importantly, based at and benefiting the grassroots level. Finally, with the completion of both the sectoral and land use components of the plan, lTIeasures and relevant policy considerations 47 PHILIPPINE PLANNING JOURNAL VoIa.XXVI (2) &XXVIf (1), April-October 1995 were identified that would facilitate the The 'NationafPerspective implementation of the plan. The previous national leadership set out to Organization of the Report correct the structural defects and realign its policies with a view towards improving the The format of the report closely follows the economic performance of the country. Building procedural aspect of plan formulation. on the gains achieved by former President Immediately after the Introductory chapter, Corazon C. Aquino, President Ramos Chapter II presents a brief discussion on the embarked on an ambitious plan of making the various development thrusts enunciated at the Philippines a newly industrialized country by national, regional, and provincial levels. Using the year 2000. Such vision underlies the the 1993-1998 Medium Term Philippine Medium Term Philippine Development Plan Development Plan, the Cagayan Valley (MTPDP) for 1993-1998, and is popularized by Regional Physical Framework Plan (RPFP) the "Philippines 2000" battlecry. and the draft Isabela Provincial Physical Framework Plan (PPFP), an appropriate The MTPDP is a document which spells out development framework was formulated for the basic principles and identifies programs and municipality taking into consideration the projects that promote economic and social intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics of the development. The plan also considers the study area. In addition, the same chapter protection of the environment. Since the provides an elaboration of the spatial natural resources and the environment, in development alternatives and its evaluation general, sustain the economy of any nation in towards the selection of a preferred strategy. the world, the Philippine Strategy for Sustainable Development (PSSD) was With the formulation of the development similarly adopted and incorporated in the plan. framework, Chapter III discusses the procedures adopted in the preparation of the Pertinent national policy directives which proposed land use plan and the policies that bear on Quezon's development efforts include: would govern the use of each land use category. This chapter which explains the 1) Human development efforts geared proposed zonation scheme provides the towards giving the population the integrating framework for the sectoral plans opportunity to meet their needs and and programs. access to basic services;

Chapter IV, on the other hand, centers on 2) Agri-industrial development which the presentation of the various sectoral plans, focuses on the promotion of selected programs, projects, and development policies regional growth centers (consist of on priority sectors such as infrastructure and Regional Agro-Industrial Centers, Key utilities, agriculture, industry, and social Production Areas for agriculture, and services. Finally, Chapter V identifies a Agrarian Reform Communities); and, number of measures, strategies needed to effectively implement the various sectoral 3) Infrastructure development endeavors programs, and projects and ways by which which attempt to serve as catalyst for compliance with the land use plan could be the development of the urban areas and ensured. the countryside.

THE GENERAL DEVELOPMENT Regional Development Thrusts FRAMEWORK In keeping with what has been laid down by The Development Context the national government, the Cagayan Valley Regional Development Council (ROC), with the In the sections that follow, an attempt is assistance of the National Economic and made to outline the appropriate development Development Authority (NEDA) and the framework for Quezon. A cursory review and Regional Land Use Committee (RLUC), analysis of the macro policies and spatial translated the relevant national goals into frameworks enunciated at the national, regional development' goals and objectives. regional and provincial levels are presented. The RPFP for Region II, thus, has set its This is aimed at determining the principles and sights on the attainment of the following, to wit: development objectives that may eventually impinge on the proposed development for the municipality. This would rationalize the 1) The attainment of an optimum and development efforts and activities in Quezon sustainable economic growth; and attune them w!!h the provincial, regioli31 and national goals arc objectives.

~~48 Quezon, Isabels COWP (1995)~~

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~~49 PHILIPPINE PLANNING JOURNAL VoIs.XXVI (2) &XXV/f (1), AprI-Oc1ober 1995~~

2) The provision of an equitable access to Development Strategy (BENRDS), which was social services and economic formulated with the assistance of the opportu nities; Australian International Development Assistance Board (AIDAB), basically involves 3) The rational and sustainable utilization the clustering of municipalities into five of its natural resources; functional zones, namely: the coastal zone, the agro-forestry zone, lowland agricultural 4) The regeneration and preservation of zone, industrial zone, and commercial/trading the region's ecological balance; and, zone.

5) The achievement of optimum levels, The thrust of the Coastal Zone is centered balanced distribution and social welfare on eco-tourism and the development of marine of its population. and fishery resources with Palanan as the hub of activity. Other municipalities belonging to As far as the physical development of this zone are Maconacon, Divilican, and Region II is concerned, the ROC has evolved a Dinapigue. spatial strategy or the "Midrib-Peripheral Socio-economic Zone Development Strategy." The Agro-Forestry Zone is envisioned to specialize in tree farming, livestock production As outlined in the RPFP, the development and the preservation of the upland scheme involves the delineation of the region environment. Included in this group are all into clusters of municipalities called municipalities along the mountainous central socio-economic zones and the identification of portion of the province which include: San one or more municipalities within each cluster Pablo, Cabagan, Tumauini, B. Soliven, and to serve as its growth center(s). The growth San Mariano with lIagan as the axis of centers are expected to catalyze the development. socio-economic development of the other satellite municipalities within the cluster. The northwestern section of Isabela has Based on a hierarchy derived from a been designated as the Lowland Agricultural midrib-peripheral development concept, each Zone covering the municipalities of Sta. Maria, growth center shall be supported with varying Sto. Tomas, Delfin Albano, Mallig, Quirino, types and levels of investment, in order for San Manuel, Burgos, Gamu, Aurora and them to provide distinct roles and functions in Quezon. The nucleus of development is the region's overall development. identified as Roxas. This sub-region has been designated as the rice granary of the province Within each socio-economic zone, a with Roxas as a major transshipment point for hierarchy of growth centers have been set-up. grain products. For the province of Isabela, four functional sub-regions have been delineated by the ROC. To the southwest lies the Commercial I Likewise, primary growth centers have been Trading Zone centered on the progressive city designated at lIagan, Cauayan and Santiago. of Santiago. Clustered with the city are San The secondary growth centers include Mateo, Ramon, Cordon, San Isidro, Echague, Tumauini and Roxas while the tertiary growth Jones, and San Agustin. areas are identified as Cabagan, Dinapigue, Echague and Palanan. An industrial zone centered on Cauayan was established to spur industrial development in Provincial Priorities the region. For this purpose, the Regional Industrial Center (RIC) was located in the The structure plan for Isabela or the municipality with an initial area of 100 Provincial Physical Framework (PPFP) hectares reserved for industrial activities. provided the direction for the development of Naguilian, Mercedes, Luna, Cabatuan, Alicia, the province. The document is meant to guide Angadanan and San Guillermo has likewise component municipalities in the preparation been identified to focus their development and updating of their land use plans as well as around this model. to contribute towards the resolution of conflicts between agencies with respect to the MunicipalDevelopment Concerns disposition and utilization of land as a scarce resource. The designation of Roxas as the major center and transshipment point for grain The draft PPFP for Isabela aligned its goals products highlights the province's thrust of and objectives with the national and regional transforming the SUb-region into U1§. rice priorities and has come up with a spatial granary of the province. strategy to achieve growth and development well past into the 21st century. The Balanced The supporting role which Quezon is Economic and Natural Resources expected to play to ensure the success of this

50 Quezon, /sabela CDWP (1995) vision is made more significant with the 1) Extensive land resources; debacle experienced by Region III as the former premier granary of Luzon in the 2) Presence of major regional artery aftermath of the Pinatubo eruption. Already, it (Santiago-Tuguegarao Highway); is clear that the progress of the municipality will hinge on pursuing the development of its 3) Designation of Roxas as secondary agricultural potential. regional growth center and provincial agricultural center; and. Fundamental Issues and land Use Planning Considerations 4) Potential for pasture and agro-forestry development. A rational and logical derivation of the appropriate conceptual framework for the Alternative Spatial Development Strategies development of the municipality depends on the proper identification and due consideration The following are alternative spatial of factors which could either hinder or promote development schemes which may be the realization of the identified goals and envisioned for the municipality of Quezon. objectives of Quezon. It is for this reason that effort was exerted to determine the significant Natural GrowthPattern issues which would influence Quezon's drive to progress. These factors are outlined in this This form of development, otherwise known section. as "sprawl," presupposes minimal government intervention. This scheme merely follows past DevelopmentIssuesand Constraints trends, where the expansion of the Poblacion and other population/activity centers are left to The fol/owing is a list of common their natural tendencies. Since the basic development issues and constraints, to wit: services and economic opportunities are frequently concentrated in major settlement 1) Inadequacy of physical infrastructure areas such as the Poblacion, the logical flow and utilities system; of development is centrifugal; meaning an outward movement from the four barangays of 2) Poor conditions of circulation/road Samonte, Santos, Arellano, and Alunan. network; Because the direction and pace of urban 3) Shortage of water for irrigation purposes; development is often a function of the collective decisions of individual landowners, 4) Great depth to groundwater for the state of infrastructure and utilities serves domestic use; to preserve the existing urban pattern of the municipality. This form of development gives 5) Low agricultural productivity; rise to a haphazard type of land use pattern which tends to wipe out potential areas for 6) Inadequate agricultural technical planned urban development. Prime agricultural assistance; areas which serve as the main source of livelihood for the locality are often exposed to ~) Distance from major market centers of strong land conversion pressures. Isabela; Another possible consequence and 8) Absence of coordinated programs on characteristic of this strategy is the presence agricultural development; of incompatible land uses whose ill effects tend to be counter productive to the overall 9) Limited livelihood opportunities; growth of the local community. Pollution, flooding, environmental degradation, health 10)Conversion of agricultural lands to and hygiene hazards, and impeded traffic non-agricultural uses; flows, to name a few, are the consequent results - a feature of uncontrolled urban 11)Forest denudation; sprawl.

12)Health hazards, e.g., malaria; and, Simultaneously, the absence of a strong public land use regulation mechanism system 13)Limited municipal financial resources. results to the use of roadside areas for urban uses. Referred to as a linear-type or ribbon DevelopmentPotentialand Opportunities development, this is common in most towns because of personal accessibility Four development potential and considerations. However, its natural tendency opportunities have been noted, such as: is to impede traffic movement along major

~~51 L1PPINE PLANNINGJOURNAL VoIs.XXVI (2) & XXVJl(1), April-October1995~~

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~~52 Quezon, Isabela CDLUP (1995)~~

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~~53 PHIUPPINE PLANNING JOURNAL VoIsXXVI (2) & XXVII (1). ApriI-October 1995~~

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54 Quezon, /sabela CDLUP (1995) routes and at the same time, limits the and Minagbag, are envisioned to complement road-widening capacity in anticipation of future the Poblacion. demand. Located in the northern and southern ends pob/acion-Focused Deve/opment of the municipality, the main function of the satellites is to provide the needed services As discussed, the natural tendency for the and opportunities in the outlying baranqays poblacion is to continue growing even without within its influence or tributary area. This is any form of intervention. A Poblacion-focused aimed at reducing heavy dependence on an development scheme, however, implies some overburdened Poblacion. Also, they are meant form of state intercession. This intervention is to arrest the outflow of people, goods, often implemented through the planning services, trade and opportunities into the function of the office of the MPDC. nearby municipalities of Mallig and Tuguegarao by serving as counter magnets to The Poblacion-centered approach is the attractiveness of these places. premised on the prevention of the possible adverse consequences of the first strategy. It The success of this strategy depends on the differs in that some semblance of planning and presence of a well-developed infrastructure zoning is attempted to avoid the difficulties and utilities system to ensure access within associated with incompatible land uses. and between points in the core and satellite growth areas. Effective land use control Another key consideration is the need to mechanisms are critical in this strategy to allocate limited resources within a small area prevent incompatible land uses within the and simply hope that the growth-pole "trickling respective core and satellite areas to ensure down" phenomenon will take place. Likewise, its overall complementary state. In effect, this the ribbon-type of development is discouraged strategy implies a strong presence of the in this strategy as it is perceived to be an municipality's planning office. inefficient system of land usage, particularly with respect to the provision of public utilities. THE PROPOSED GENERAL LAND USE PLAN However, a major defect of this stance is the apparent shortsightedness of the approach. Overview While it is true that there is minimal investible resources, it should be kept in mind that the The Quezon CLUP is a multi-sectoral plan objective of planning is to anticipate future which encompasses both the physical aspect needs and influence future conditions. as well as the sectoral concerns of Besides, the Local Gpvernment Code provides development. It is generally viewed as an opportunltlea for enhancing local revenue instrument for attaining a set of development generation of local governments. The third goals for a given locality. For purposes of strategy is presented precisely to address this presenting the physical aspect of issue. development, discussions in this chapter shall focus on the spatial dimension of the CLUP, Dispersed-Concentration Approach that is, the land zonation scheme.

Taken from regional development literature, The land use component, aside from this strategy envisions the development of the translating into geographic format the rational municipality which is characterized by a distribution of land resources, also provides dominant growth pole together with two the framework for integrating the sectoral satellite growth centers. Its surroundings is interests and specific programs and projects in envisioned to contain a compatible mix of land space. This spatial orientation provides the uses. The rationale behind this strategy is to means for actualizing socio-economic contain movement of resources, people, goals/objectives through the specification of services, goods, trading and other the spatio-sectoral patterns of activities in the opportunities within the confines of the municipality. The end product is, thus, a municipality especially from the outlying geographic representation of the idealized barangays and its fringes. arrangement and distribution of the municipali ty's physico-cultural features: the proposed The Poblacion, where the concentration of land use map. infrastructure and utilities are presently situated, shall continue its role as the The product is the result of a planning dominant growth center. The continuous exercise; a deliberate effort to influence future concentration and upgrading of its conditions by assessing the present and infra-utilities system should be given priority. anticipating how the ideal situation may be The development of two potential satellite achieoved. growth areas, namely, barangays Barucboc

~~55 PHILIPPINEPLANNINGJOURNAL VoIs.XXVI (2) &XXVII (1), ApriJ-October 1995~~

~~MUN. OF CABAGAN~~

~~es'~~

~~MUN. OF SANTO TOMAS~~

~~PROY. OF KAl.INGA APAYAO~~

~~MUN. OF MAGSAYSAY~~

~~LOCATION NAP~~

eo LEGEND: PREPA~O er: ~ RURBAN PL.ANNERS ,INC. ~ MuNICIPAL GOVERNlAEtI'T OF ClU£ZOl-t MA"CIol 19~& &II EXISTIl'lb BUILT-UP AREA CONVENTIONAL SIGNS SCALf 1:80,000 BO~::,R~~I~L. ~ LON{,-TBltM UR.8ANIZABL£ IIlUNIC'PAL. ••••••• _ ~~EA a.rr.1U

~~f.~,'b.'tf' P1WOUCTION FDRe.ST .·::o,·~ ...'".•.A SOUR~E QUEZON COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN PROVINCE OF ISABELA~~

~~56 Quezon, Isabela CDLUP (1995)~~

~~The Preferred Spatial Strategy: A Phased Dispersed-Concentration Approach to Dispersed-Concentration Approach to Development, is a mixture of the second and Development third schemes presented.~~

The selection of the spatial strategy for This means that over the short and medium Quezon was made on the basis of several terms, developmant shall still be focused on criteria. First, the municipality is first and the Poblacion' area, but in the next ten years foremost an agricultural community. Given or so, the structures and mechanisms should thiS fact and after due consideration for the already be there in preparation for the macro policies (which supports the promotion transformation of the satellites into major hubs of agricultural development in the of activity. northwestern quadrant of Isabela) that are brought to bear on the development of the Derivation of the Proposed town, it was decided that the progress of Land Use Scheme Quezon will revolve around an agriculture-led type of development. Before a rational land zonation scheme was formulated for Quezon, a thorough analysis of Second, the physiography of the physical, socio-economic, legal as well as municipality is highly conducive for agricultural practical planning considerations were production. The extensive flat lands in the undertaken. The process of identifying the interior and the gradually sloping areas at the best use and distribution of land resources periphery makes low-land agricultural and was facilitated by the systematic use of the makes agro-forestry activities an attractive eco-engineering approach to map analysis. opportunity. (Although at present there Also known as the sieve-mapping technique, appears to be some problems with the this composite mapping tool involves the effectiveness of agricultural support overlaying of selected inventory and criteria infrastructure, particularly the supply of water maps to derive analytical decision maps. for irrigation, there are concrete plans to augment the needs of the agricultural sector). The composite analytical maps are derived by delineating specific categories on the Third, the expansive prime agricultural lands relevant thematic maps based on particular which fall under the ambit of Administrative factors or features. The analytical maps are Order #20 (which makes conversion of then used as inputs in the derivation of more irrigated and irrigable areas a non-negotiable composite maps. Refinements to each matter) and the numerous CARP areas within subsequent iteration is done by applying the municipality constrain the outward ecological and engiAeering principles as well development of non-agricultural activities. as practical planning considerations. This is similar to the Geographic Information System And. fourth, the evaluation of several spatial (GIS) which employs the same methodology schemes presented before municipal officials using state-of-the-art computer technology. and residents led to the selection of a For Quezon, the manual version was applied. reformulated dispersed-concentration approach. While it was pointed out that the Basically, the derivation process hinges on resources of the municipality was so limited as the identification of constraints to to prevent a meaningful diffusion of development. The first set of constraints may development over a wide geographic area, it be classified as purely dictated by the physical was clarified during the consultative-meeting environment. Examination of geologic that the very object of planning is to look at properties, erosion potential and slope development over the long run. Although the categories provided the data for the first dispersion of development was not an iteration. The geologic map reveals the immediate concern, it was realized that it is sUitability of the structural properties of the necessary to anticipate future demands for rock formations underlying the municipality for space. land development. The erosion potential of the area likewise reveals the logic of restraining As explained in the previous chapter, the high-intensity development in the western and major features of the chosen strategy is the eastern edges. As revealed by the slope map, designation of the Poblacion as the principal land development may be encouraged only in growth center and the barangays of Barucboc areas indicated by the gentle slopes. The and Minagbag as satellite areas. However, the composite map examines the suitability of the plan advocates for the development of the area for urban uses and must be recognized Poblacion first over simultaneous development that such derivation is based only on physical of the satellite areas since existing conditions parameters. and levels of demand do not warrant the rapid urbanization of the identified satellite areas. Aside from physical considerations, there The resulting spatial strategy, Phased are certain development constraints which 57 PHIUPPINE PLANNING JOURNAL VoIs.xXVI (2) & XXVII (1), ApriI-October 1995 limit the optimum use of land. Among these sideratlon is given to public reactions and development constraints is the existing la nd suggestions. These are all evaluated vis-a-vis use. As a general policy, existing uses, the adopted spatial strategy to produce the particularly agricultural and residential! proposed land use zonation for Quezon. commercial zones, are maintained provided they pose no threat or do not conflict with The Functional Land Use Zones adjacent zones. Also, the protected agricultural areas as determined by the DA Underpinning the proposed land zonation for and NIA -- pursuant to A.O. No. 20--as well as Quezon is the policy of promoting a strong the areas under CARP as determined by the agriculture-backed economy. The translation MARO have been afforded due consideration. of the policy may be easily discerned from the proposed land use map. With regards to the priority areas for agriculture map, it is alarming to note that It has already been mentioned that the although an extensive area is shown as conceptualization of the land use plan adhered irrigated, actual conditions in the municipality to an objective schedule. Employing the reveal that some rice lands are not reached by sieve-mapping technique, the physical and irrigation water. The unavailability of irrigation natural features were the first considerations water at Quezon, notwithstanding the after which constraints were identified. extensive irrigation channels, is attributed to Socio-economic factors were later inputted in two things: (a) the diversion of water into the light of macro development priorities. Kalinga-Apayao fields upstream of the Chico Then, government policies and programs river, and (b) the inadequate amount of provided another layer which eventually led to precipitation which fall into the Cagayan Valley the present configuration of the plan. for at least one-half of the year. Be that as it may, existing ricelands and CARP areas have What follows is discussion of the general been preserved for agricultural purposes. land use scheme focusing on the policy imperatives for the use of land in Quezon in Still another map which is of relevance is pursuit of a sustainable level of development. the committed land uses map. This map shows the location of government-sanctioned projects Built-Up Areas in the timberland areas to the east. It also shows the extent of A&D land in the Also referred to as urban land uses, the municipality. As a guide, it is ill advised to built-up areas reflected on the map is a promote intensive land use activities such as consolidated zone composed of residential, human settlements in the area. commercial, institutional and industrial land uses. Characteristically, the major The second iteration in the overlaying concentration of these areas are in the major process involves the suitability for urban population centers particularly the four development map, the existing land use map, agglomeration along the length of the national the priority areas for agriculture map, the highway, l.e., in barangays Barucboc, the areas under CARP map, and the committed Poblacion, Abut, and Minagbag. A scattering land uses map. This results in the land use of other small concentration of population are opportunity map which is indicative of what in the western edge of the municipality. These mayor may not be done to the land resources include the barangays and sitios of Turod, of Quezon. Generally, the land capability Estrada, Malalao, Dummon, Talaca, categories show the suitability of the central Calanguigan, Aurora, and Lepanto. areas for agricultural uses and the eastern section for production forestry activities. Near Principally because of the sloping terrain the foothills of the timberland area are lands and public-owned lands, there is minimal which have been identified as urbanizable human settlement in the eastern side of the lands over the long term and to the west of the municipality. agricultural zone are the short-term urbanizable lands. The third iteration of the An extensive protected agricultural area derivation process involves the land use occupies the middle portion of the opportunity map as input. First, it is overlain municipality. The presence of these irrigated on the proposed circulation system. Since the and irrigable areas offers a major constraint to physical and technical criteria have already the outward expansion, particularly, of the been incorporated in the previous iterations major settlement areas along the stretch of the during the planning activity, the other national highway. considerations like the official recommendations and expressed visions of the Since the protection of agricultural lands is local leadership and pipelined infrastructure a primordial concern, how then should the projects (e.g., communal irrigation projects) municipality reconcile this with the need for an are taken into account. Also, due con- urban expansion zone. In view of the DAR

~~58 QUezon, lsabeia CDWP (1995)~~

~~",'~~

~~MUN..OF CABMAN 1 J.~~

~~MUN.OF SANTe)TOMAS~~

~~MUM. OF MAGSAYSAY~~

eo' LEGEND: "iIlE~D8T: ~ QUR8AN PLANNERS, INC:. EMf] MUMCfPAL CiOV£RN1IIEl'fTOF QUEZON MAA(:.H l'lee IlllJII etllLT-UPAIU=A CONVENTIONAL Sill,., SCALE 1;80,000 1l0i,ll'lt»J!ltl I!IIIlIIlIIIl~TED + PR(I'IIN(.IIl.~. _ ••••• __ • __ =':~~ :::: ~ :: =:'_-..= 'tOAOS ~ IlIA?lON4L •••••• ,_ IR.RIGABLE: I"AOVfftQAt. ••••••. _ ~";:,I~n ____ PRIORITY AREAS FOR :='::~:A';;~.~ ::: ~ AGRICULTURE

~~.$OlIACE: QUEZON COMPREHENSIVE LAND USEPLAN PROVINCE OF JSABEl.A~~

~~59 PHILIPPINE PLANNING JOURNAL VoIs.xXVI (2) & XXV/l (1), April-Oc(ober 1995~~

~~MUN. OF CABAGAN~~

~~MUN. OF SANTO TOMAS~~

~~P ROY. OF KALINGA APAYAO~~

~~MUN. OF MAGSAYSAY~~

~~LOCA1'10H MAP~~

~~MUN. OF MAlLIG~~

<0' LEGEND: PIIEP;'I'f£D er: ~ RURBAN PLANNERS, INC. ~ MUHIC\P,,"L GOVERHt«ENT OF (lUnQN ~ ALIENABLE AND MARCH 199t! ~ DISPOSABLE LANDS CONVENTIONAL 'IONS SCALE 1:90,QOO 11f.I~ SOCIAL ·.~t:;.;.:'fF~Y aO~~R;~L: :. .:: =:.~= ~ A~ ROADS UNDE1<. fI'\\lI.lRE U%e NATIONAL ••••••• _ Q:Q:i:lli A61ZEEME1-tr PROVINC'JilL, ••••• _ OT:R~:U ______RE"F~ESTATION IRRIGJilTIONCAIoI'O'L.••• = ~ COMMITTED LAND USES MAP R1V[R/CREEIC_ ••••• t{~;a~1 TIMBERLAND

~~SOURCE: QUEZON COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN PROVINCE OF ISABELA~~

~~60 Quezon, Isabela CDLUP (1995)~~

~~MUN.OF CABAGAN~~

~~MUN. OF SANTO TOMAS~~

~~P ROV. OF KALINGA APAYAO~~

~~MUN. OF MAGSAYSAY~~

~~L.OCATION MAP~~

~~MUN. OF MAL.LI G~~

LEGEND: '"" PR~PA!lEC I/t· ~ RURBAN PI.ANNERS.INC, ~ MUNICIPAL GOVERNM£NT OF QUEZON MARCH ISl90 c:::::J HlbHLT' SUITABLE CONVENTIO~AL SIONS SCALE.t:80,OOO ~SUITABLE. -+ BQVl'lDlFnt:s ~~~i~~~~L: : .. : :: =:::= e4RA."lGA.Y •••••• _ ... _ ~ O-r.. !RS MARbINALL\' SUITABLE CONTOVRLIN[ •• ••• __ICC-...... RIV[Il./Cl\EEK ••••• ~ IlIIIIIIlIll NOT.sU/TAaLE SUITABILITY MAP FOR URBAN DEVELOPMENT

~~SOURCE: QUEZON COMPREHENSIVE LAND USEPLAN PROVINCE OF ISABELA~~

~~61 PHILIPPINE PLANNING JOURNAL Vofs.xXVI (2) &XXV/l (1), April-OctobfN"1995~~

Administrative Order No. 12, minimal conversion/reclassification be allowed within reclassification of agricultural lands may be KPAs. done and reserved as urban expansion areas provided that the DA has certified that the Marginal Agricultural Amas land has ceased to become economically viable for agricultural purpose or the LGU can Still part of the agricultural lands, certain show that the land will have greater economic areas have been classified as marginal areas value for urban use. While section 20 cf the for agricultural development. The present Code is being invoked in this instance, to vegetative cover is grass and shrubs. These ensure that the prime agricultural areas are are found in both lowland and upland areas, in not significantly affected, there may be need flat and sloping terrain. They have been to insist on a legislative measure (a municipal designated as marginal and represent areas ordinance which incorporates a sanction or which are covered under the agrarian land punitive action against violators) which will reform program but which are neither irrigated, unequivocally state the municipality's irrigable nor cultivated. commitment to protect its agricultural la nds outside of an identified urban expansion zone. Because of specific provisions in the CARL This becomes even more urgent in the face of which prohibits conversion of distributed lands the grains shortage in the country. In the within a period of five years, it is suggested meantime, they should be used for agricultural that these areas be put to productive use purposes until actual conversion (which will through the cultivation of vegetables and other still need DAR approval) becomes necessary cash crops. to accommodate the growing urban population. There is a need to implement a strict land use Over the long run, these areas have the monitoring activity to prevent pre-mature potential of being used in a wide range of urbanization of these areas. uses. If irrigation facilities are expanded into the area, they may be converted to protected As far as the existing built up areas are agricultural lands; they may be used for concerned, a more detailed urban land use agro-forestry activities; as urbanizable areas survey has been done to ascertain the pattern and possible relocation and socialized housing of land zonation, specifically as it applies to sites; and even for industrial uses. the Poblacion. As a matter of policy, encroachment into agricultural lands will be Agro-Indusfrial Zone prohibited as large plots within the urbanized zone are still undeveloped. Thus, an in-filling Delineated in three separate zones are the strategy will be promoted to prevent horizontal envisioned sites for agro-processing expansion of the urban core. industries. To the northwest in the vicinity of barangays Abut and Minagbag, an Although emphasis is placed on the agro-industrial zone is located. It is situated protection of prime agricultural lands, the on a rolling terrain in the eastern foothills of encroachment being prohibited in the above the mountains of Kalinga-Apayao. The location paragraph refers to massive land is designed to take advantage of the large development. For practical purposes, single cattle ranches in the northern portion of the residential development on predominantly municipality, the westward artery towards the agricultural areas shall be permitted subject to CAR provinces, and the proposed circulation the approval by the MPDC or the zoning loop in the northwest. administrator. The other two areas zoned for Protected Agricultural Zone agro-industrial activities may be found southeast of the Poblacion. It is focused on Land zoned for agricultural purposes is vast, the agro-forestry zone on the east where the accounting for approximately % of the total majority of its raw materials will come from, land area. The protected agricultural areas close enough to the population centers also in include those lands which are either irrigated, the east where a ready pool of labor may be irrigable or existing ricelands. They occupy the found, and oriented towards the southern central plain and have been designated as market area in the Mallig agricultural region. such: (a) to avoid disrupting existing cultivation patterns; (b) to comply with the These three agro-based industrial sites mandate of AO No. 20; and (c) in pursuance of comprises the agglomeration of agro the policy of food (rice) self-sufficiency. processing plants within a common area to be able to benefit from scale economies and to However, a joint Memorandum Circular No. confine industrial wastes and by-products in a 54, allows reclassification in meritorious small area. The proposed loop in this quadrant cases. But, at no instance should is recommended to traverse the two zones.

~~62 Quezon. lsabele CDLUP (1995)~~

~~MUN_OFCABAGAN~~

~~as'~~

~~MUN.OF SANTOTOMAS~~

~~P ROY. OF KAL.INGA APAYAO~~

~~MUN. OF MAGSAY$AY~~

~~LOeAnO" NAP~~

~~MUN. OF MALLIG~~

~~121"'3 eo' LEGEND: PIICPAJItCD er : ~Rt1R8A'" PL.ANNERS, INC. EMtI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT 0' QUEZON ..Ei'lSTINb BUILT-UPA~ MAfiteH 19.0~~

mmmmm ~ AGl-~'r' O~~:IS , ~ PROPOSED :-~:j~ORftE~~': ::: .-e..----- r.".~.'.W.B'(; .~ >~:o'.•. 'M. AbPD-/NDUfrRIALZONE: GENERAL LAND USE AND ZONING MAP fJ~91~ PRODUCTION RlREST SOURCE: QUEZON COMPREHENSIVE LAND USEPLAN PROVINCE OF ISABaA

~~63 PHILIPPINEPLANNINGJOURNAL VoIa.XXVI (2) & XXVII (11, ApriI-OctOber 1995~~

TheAgro-Forestry Zone initiating and distributing development within the locality. By opening opportunities and The agro-forestry zone represents areas providing access to services to every corner of characterized by slopes of 18-30 percent and the municipality, it effeotively addresses the form part of the lower segments of the people's need for mobility. mountain system in the area. These areas flank the agricultural zone and serve as The nature of the proposed land use plan is transition zone to the upland areas. influenced to a great extent by the national highway which divides the municipality into Although at present the majority of the zone two main areas (the eastern and western is not cultivated, these areas are excellent portions). The Santiago-Tuguegarao highway candidates for orchards and tree-farming, traverses through the major settlement areas silvi-culture activities, commercial timber from the southern to the northern end. Its stands, and pasture/ grazing areas. Cash upgrading (widening and rehabilitation into an crops may also be cultivated. All these all-weather concrete pavement which is agri-forest products can supply the programmed for completion by 1998) is an requirements of the agro- processing plants important pre-requisite for the chosen spatial earlier proposed in the agro-industrial zone. strategy for it wilt serve as the main access to and from Quezon. Production ForestArea The development of the eastern and western Covering about % of the municipal land portions of Quezon are dependent on a series area, the timberland is concentrated along the of road networks interconnected with one eastern periphery of Quezon. The western another through "loops" of circulation. The boundary into Kalinga-Apayao also has some desired effect is to provide access to all areas classified as production forest but these settlement areas within, as well as are not as extensive as those in the east. interconnecting them with the major center, the Poblactcn, and its satellites located in The zone exhibits rugged topographic barangay Minagbag in the northern portion and features and is unfortunate that these barangay Barucboc in the southern end. public-owned lands have certainly seen better times. Although originally classified as The configuration of the proposed timberlands, the slopes are no longer circulation is characterized by a system of tree-covered and the dominant vegetation are loops which are designed to create an shrubs and grasses. interconnected road network. The loops O' circulation encourages inter-baranga~ Fortunately, reforestation projects and interaction by creating a cellular space integrated social forestry (ISF) activities are economy. The effect of limiting movement being implemented by the DENR with the within the municipality will hopefully create NGOs and the private sector. There are greater multiplier effects to the local economy. pasture lease agreement (PLA) licensees who have opted to utilize the potential offered by It is envisioned that the provision 01 the environment. infrastructure. utilities and services shall stilt be prioritized in the Poblacion. Gradually, Intensive activities including occupation of however. the two satellite communities shall forests and timberland areas should be be developed as alternative centers to guarded against to prevent the worsening of complement the Poblacion. Far-flung and upland degradation. The case of water outlying barangays with limited access to the shortage during the dry season in Quezon Poblacion shall be encouraged to gradually should already provide officials with enough turn to the satellite areas for minor services. resolve to intensify real efforts at protecting The road network that interconnects the their immediate environment. various barangays with the centers and vice-versa is. therefore. crucial for such a The Physical Components strategy to be successful. of the Land Use Plan In summary, ACCESS. which is deemed vital ProposedRoadNetwork in the movement of people. produce and services, is the very lifeblood of any activity in The proposed circulation system is a vital whatever municipality. It is foreseen that this cog in the viability of the proposed land use important factor in the development of Quezon plan. It consists of all roads in the municipality will be enhanced through the implementation and proposes the upgrading of existing and of the proposed circulation system over the the opening up of new roads (along with the long run. support utilities). Improving the circulation network is viewed as an important catalyst for' Quezon, lsabeia CDl..UP (1995)

~~as' ee'~~

~~l.C'~~

~~MUN.OI' MAOSAYSAY~~

~~"-15;~~

~~L(G€.NO:~~

~~____ ~~~QNI~~

~VINTtOHAL $18NtI 8(lI,IIIMJldl:S "_iW·~A\. ••••••• _ ...... _ +- MUfutlPAI. •••.• , • __._ ...... y .• ••••. _-- ItQAO• • UlOIiUil. ••••••• - ...~VUttjjl.l,. •••••• _ O~:.S _____ PROPOSED =-:J~~::~ :::~ ROAD NETWORK MAP

~~QUEZON COMPR5/iENSIVE LAND USE PLAN PRQVINCE OF ISABeLl<~~

~~85 PHILIPPINE PLANNING JOURNAL VoIs.XXVI (2) & XXVII (1). April-October 1995~~

The Public Utilities System however, depend on a detailed feasibility study. As stated earlier, it is imperative that the development of support infrastructure such as Urban Land Uses: Existing and Proposed sewerage lines, storm drainage lines, water supply facilities and the like go hand-in-hand The Poblacion, being the seat of the with road construction. Well planned municipal government and the center of provisions for such utilities will prove to be business and trade, has the best facilities, economical in the long term compared to the basic infrastructure and services in the knee-jerk reactionary measures which municipality. These reasons make the characterizes most infra-utilities programs. Poblacion (particularly Arellano and Santos) Other utilities such as power and among the most urbanized and populated in telecommunications will have a wider and the municipality, causing it to be a magnet for more effective coverage of the municipality in-migration from other settlement areas of upon the completion of the road network. lesser stature.

A critical problem which has to be To avoid the blight, traffic congestion, addressed is the acute shortage of water pollution, health and hygiene hazards, chaos supply (both for domestic and agricultural use) and a resulting inefficiency in the prevalent in most of the barangays in Quezon. coverage/scope of basic services that arise The continuing development of spring water from rapid urbanization and progress, the reservoirs (some of which are already in the growth of the Poblacion must be thoroughly pipeline) is an encouraging sign that the planned. problem is being addressed. Based on a detailed urban land use survey, One notable limitation of such projects like residential areas dominate the urban-scape. the Chico River irrigation system, spring Institutional areas occupy the central portion development and the like, is its dependence along an east-west stretch while the on limited water sources. Overdrawing of the industrial/commercial areas concentrate within Chico River has already produced negative the vicinity of the public market. Approximately results for farmers. The same goes for spring 30 percent of the Poblacion's area are still water sources, which are becoming scarce and vacantlidle with a number of them having limited in capacity due to the destructive absentee owners. Likewise, the peripheral effects of massive deforestation/denudation of areas of the Poblacion are still devoted to the uplands and watershed in the area. agricultural uses which reveal the capacity of the Poblacion for future urban growth. Being One water source which has not been hemmed-in on practically all its boundaries by tapped or exploited is rainwater. Records from productive agricultural areas, it would be the synoptic station in Tuguegarao reveal that logical therefore, to utilize these vacant/idle on the average, a total of 1,572 mm of rainfall lands to absorb growth in the short to medium is received annually. Although relatively term period rather than look outwards for its abundant, it is seasonal. expansion needs.

It would be beneficial to lntroduce a The urban land use plan, therefore, technology for rainwater catchment and classifies most of the vacant/idle lands into storage, in the hope that this will augment the buildable areas predominantly for residential already limited wafer supply .and distribution use. An innovative feature, however, would be system of the municipality, especially during the programming of such areas for short- and the dry season. It is envisioned that each medium- to long-term allocation. The plan also barangay shall have its own rainwater sees the need for retaining portions of such catchment systems (similar to underground vacant lands for institutional, agricultural uses, cisterns) both for domestic and agricultural as well as related mixed land uses. uses. The on-going concreting of the national road The envisioned development of Quezon into that practically traverses at the center of the a progressive municipality will surely bring Poblacion opens up a lot of potential with it attendant problems like refuse and opportunities for the municipality, in general, waste, commensurate to the level of and the Pobtacion, in particular. This development. It is prudent, therefore, to development, together with the upgrading of a prepare a solid waste disposal and provincial access road to the eastern management program to cater to the municipalities like Sto. Tomas, would make the anticipated needs of the municipality. Poblacion a natural "melting-pot" and major Tentatively, an area at the southern fringes of transportation node in Isabela. It is, therefore, barangay San Juan could be a viable site for a imperative that the frontline areas along the dumpsite. Designating a specific location will, national road be carefully planned.

~~66 Quezon, Isahela CDLUP (1995)~~

SECTORAL DEVELOPMENT PLANS It has been proposed that these frontline areas be zoned for light commercial uses to Agriculture and Forestry Development Plan exploit the economic opportunities that come with its strategic location. A main feature, Summary ofExisting Conditions however, would be the mandatory provision of ample parking spaces and loading/unloading The dominant economic activity in the bays for public transportation, so as to municipality of Quezon centers on the mitigote or minimize the potential traffic production of palay and corn. Data reveal that problems that will occur, typical of most linear out of a total of 8,400 hectares of agricultural development patterns. Special emphasis is lands, close to 77 percent or 6,551 hectares given to the term light commercial, so as not are cultivated while the rest (1,849 hectares) to compete with the role of the public market, remains idle and unproductive. Palay is the which has a focal role to play, being the center most widely planted crop followed by corn, of commerce and trade. Another innovation in tobacco, fruits and vegetables, and coconuts this commercial strip would be the designation and peanuts combined. Rice farmers on of the areas fronting the municipal complex irrigated paddies average about 80 cavans per and other instltutional areas, as zones for cropping per hectare. certain limited and special commercial areas such as bookstore, office/schoot supplies and Aside from rice farming, farmers also related dry goods / items, so as to complement venture into tilapia culture. Average production the hierarchy of the predominant value per worker per annum ranges from activities/functions already in place. P1 ,400 to F3,500.

Critical to the success of the proposed As expected, livestock and poultry raising urban zoning scheme is the development of a are also practiced by most farmers. Types of vast tract of land (owned by the municipality) livestocks raised include cattle, carabao, hog, into a mixed cluster of institutional/commercial goat and horse. Most of these, however, are uses: that is, the fire station, upgraded district used as work animals. Poultry animals such as hospital, and a huge transportation terminal white leghorn and some native species are for buses, to ensure and direct potential grown on a backyard scale. Supporting the economic activities that come with the local farming industry are various facilities movement of the people and services. A buffer including 17 rice/corn mills, 22 warehouses, zone consisting of a strip of green belt shall be and 26 buying stations. placed in said zone to prevent land use incompatibility. This measure is needed to A worthwhile program of the government in particularly muffle noise and screen airborne the municipality is the Comprehensive pollutants inasmuch as the district hospital is Agrarian Reform Program (CARP). As of only a stone throwaway. At the same time, it 1994, a total of 4,023 hectares have been serves as a rest area and haven for weary distributed to farmer-beneficiaries. travelers, passersby, lounging government servants or even frollickers. Finally, data suggest that the municipality has a total of 2,305 hectares of forest lands A series of traffic rerouting schemes and most of which are already denuded due to designation of uni-flow avenues are needed to kaingin, illegal logging and unlawful gathering ensure smooth traffic flow within this area of of minor forest products. the Poblacion. Also, the designation of a two-block auto-restricted street is proposed to Development Issues and Concerns provide shoppers/market-goers with an accident-free shopping environment. The performance of the agricultural sector is poor compared to its inherent potentials. A Another innovation which is well worth number of development issues and problems considering would be to provide prominent may be identified, to wit: visual features or landmarks which would help people (locals and visitors) orient themselves Lack of water for irrigation and identify certain areas in the Poblacion. This can take the form of a tree-lined avenue Foremost among the many factors that or other similar scheme. All these should be contribute to the sub-par performance of the designed to give the Poblacion its unique and agricultural sector is the lack of water for memorable image which would enhance irrigation. Although there exists a network of altogether the development of the whole irrigation structure or canals especially on the municipality into its vision well beyond the fast north-northwestern portion of the municipality, approaching millenium. the problem lies on the insufficient amount of water available for irrigation. There have been cases where vast tracts of palay areas on the 67 PHILIPPINE PLANNING JOURNAL VoIs.XXVI (2) & XXVII (1), April-October 1995 eastern portion of the municipality were people can optimize. These potential include destroyed due to water unavailability. Some the following: farmers are constrained to adopt a two-cropping system as irrigation is limited Vasttractsof land highlysuitablefor agricultyre during the dry months. An assessment of the existing resources of Lowproductivity of rice the municipality reveals that its agricUltural lands are among its most important resource. As a result of the problem, farmers are Initial studies by the BSWM show that almost limited to just 80 cavans per hectare on one half of the total area is suitable or highly irrigated lands while only about 30 cavans are ideal for farming. harvested on rainfed areas. In addition, low production of palay may also be attributed to Designation of the Mallig region as the province's farmers' lack of information on the latest premiere rice granary technology on rice farming. As part of the Mallig region, the province's Inadequate incomefrom farming major rice granary, Quezon can now set its sights on being a major rice producer of the With limited rice production, farmers' income province. As such, funding coming from the are relatively low and inadequate and this provincial and national governments will be contributes, in general, to the lowering of their poured for the rehabilitation and development standard of living. of the various irrigation systems and other infrastructure support facilities in the Lack of assistance from knowledgeable farm municipality. technicians Potential for agro-processing industries Aside from inadequate water for irrigation purposes, low agricultural production may be. Aside from the production of palay, the explained by the absence or the lack of municipality may also venture into the assistance from farm technicians. Present production and processing of high-value crops farming practices no longer depend on heavy which can be sold to major processing centers infusion of pesticides and chemical fertilizer in Roxas and lIagan. In time, smail scale but on the integration of organic farming and agro-processing may be set up in the integrated pest management. Beside rice municipality. This will in the long run augment farming, farm technicians may also provide the meager incomes of farmers. farmers with information and knowledge on agricultural intensification and diversification. SectoralPoliciesand Strategies

Conversion of agricultural lands to non-agricultural Given the various constraints and potential, ~ the development of the agricUltural sector hinges on the following policies: During a consultation-dialogue with the local officials and members of the community, it was Protectall irrigated and irrigable agricultural lands explicitly cited that one major problem is the conversion of agricultural lands to In view of the national policy of attaining non-agricultural uses. It was feared that food sufficiency, it is the responsibility of the rampant conversion could in the long run, local government to protect its irrigated and undermine the municipality's effort to attain irrigable lands from conversion. There are a food sufficiency. plethora of existing laws which mandate the protection of these lands. DAR Administrative Denuded uplandareas Order No. 12 provides the guidelines for the protection and conversion of agricultural Located on the eastern portion of the lands. municipality are forest areas which are mostly devoid of trees. Local officials attribute the Establish suitable irrigation sYStems in areas sorry state of their public forest to appropriate for palayproduction unscrupelcus loggers and unlawful gathering of minor forest products. Although this policy would require the municipal government to allocate vast amounts Development Potentialand Opportunities of financial resources, it can seek the assistance of the prOVincial government in Despite the presence of some development requesting the proper national agency for issues and problems that constrains the funding assistance. In addition, in view of the agricultural sector, the municipality of Quezon approval of the Irrigation Crisis Act of 1995, is not without any opportunities which its the national government is expected to

~~68 Quezon. Istitbela COl-UP(1995)~~

appropriate v8st amount of capital for the Livestpcl< Dispersal Program development of irrigation systems nationwide. To augment the meager Income of farmers, fl:9iTlPte the propagation ofhlg!'l=Value crops existing cooperatives must be supported in giving their members the opportunity to The production of high value crops such as acquire good varieties of cattle for their vegetables and fruits will be a big boost to the livellbood project. The Land Bank of the farmers' economic plight. A study conducted Philippines for instance Is one among the by a team of experts from BSWM indicates many government financing Institutions which tMt there exists an extensive area suitable for extend financial assistance to cooperatives. such activity in Quezon. Other livestock which can be part of this program inclUde goats and swine. Introduce farming techniques that art sl[lvironment-fIjendly andsuminable in the longrun Fisheries Qev,1opment Proaram Gone are the old days when farming This program aims to increase not only the practices were heavily dependent on production of agricultural products but also the pesticides and chemical fertilizers. The meager income of tbe farmers. The fisheries present thrust of the government is the development program involves Initially the introduction of organic farming .and integrated conduct of training and information campaign pest management into the farming practices of on the integration of fish culture In rice paddy, farmers in the rurai areas. on one hand, and fishponds development on the ether, The second part of the program Provide inf!utnK:ture support facilities and other entails the actual dispersal of fingerlings to aqrlcultlJre=refal*d jljfrastrycture farmer-beneficiaries.

An important requirement of the agricultural Forest EnhanC!ffient PrQgl1m sector is the provision of infrastructure support such as farm-to-market roads and post-harvest This program is envisioned to rehabilitate facilities. eXisting forest lands that are denuded or heavily eroded. Under this program, projects IroPf!M! thetimber mnd af tbe remaining forest which can be Implemented include reforestation, Integrated social forestry (ISF) To ensure continued supply of water both fQr and other programs of the OENR. Irrigation and domestic uses, the local government must enbance the existing timber Industrial Development Plan stand especially in areas with slopes greater than 18%. Aside from conducting reforestation Summary of Existing Conditions projects, efforts must be exerted towards the integration of upland communities Into the The local economy of Quezon Is oriented local government's forest enhancement towards agricultural production. In a program. predominantly agricultural economy, the type of industries that usually develop are those PriotityPrograms and Projects that support the personal needs of the local residents and have backward linkages with CropsQevelopment Program agricultural activities. In the case of Quezon, tbe most dominant establishments as per The overall objective of this program Is to records of the Office of the Mayor are the increase tbe production of palay in the next sari-sari stores. They are common In other three to six years and to maximize the use of rural areas throughout the country. agricultural lands through intensification and diversification. The program's proposed As expected, local industries include those proj~cts are the following: that provide support to farming activities. These establishments come in the form of 1) Construction of Communal Irrigation cooperatives which extend financial and other Systems in barangays Minagbag, Abut farmlng..felated assistance to member-farmers and Mangga; and sOme privately owned establishments which sell agriculturai equipment and farm 2) Production and distribution of Inputs. high-value crops; and Aside from these indultries, some 3) Information snd education campaign on entrepreneurs actively engage In the organic farming, integrated pest preparation of balut, vinegar and wood and management ('PM), and Intensified and rattan processing. Some of the prodUCts are diverslfled ..grlculture. sold to nearby towns and provinces. PHIUPPINE PLANNING JOURNAL VoIs.XXVI (2) &XXVIJ (1), April-OCtober 1995

Lackof access to suitable livelihoog technology trom a spatial viewpoint, the distribution of these establishments is highly skewed in favor Aside from capital, another important of the Poblacion, particularly barangay requirement in the development of local Arellano. In the light of the municipality's poor industries is people's access to livelihood transportation and road network, access of technology. In Quezon, for instance, tamarind residents to goods and services is fruits are sold to buyers at a very low price. If considerably limited. given access to teChnology, these fruits could be processed into candies Which could The census of establishments conducted by increase its value-added. the National Statistics Office in 1993 indicate that the majority of those identified and listed Absence of coordinated programs on agricultul'l! by NSO belong to wholesale and retail trade, development examples of which include, sari-sari stores and other types of convenience stores. The In a predominantly agricultural economy, the data also reveal that the municipality was able ideal industry mix would be those that would to generate about 132 jobs in 1993. Out of optimize the use of agricultural products as this total, majority were employed in inputs for production. These industries are community, social and personal services, usually referred to as agro-processing wholesale and retail trade and manufacturing industries where raw agricultural produce are activities. Only about 13 were employed in transformed either into consumer-ready or banking and finance related activities. While intermediate products. At present, Quezon other members of the labor force are mostly has yet to institute measures to facilitate the involved either in agricultural activities or development of agro-processing industries in employed itself by the local government unit. the area. Towards this end, other types of In some instances, others seek employment agricultural produce such as fruits and outside the municipality. vegetables or high-value crops should be vigorously promoted so that investors will have Development Issuesand Concerns a solid foundation to set up agro-processing industries. Results of public consultations regarding the state of the municipality's development SectoralPoliciesand Strategies revealed a number of issues and problems, details of which are presented below: In view of the foregoing issues and problems, the full development of this sector Inadequate infrastructure supportfacilities should be guided by and solidly anchored on the long-term policy of people empowerment One of the major factors that influences the through a mass-based economic development. locational decision of an investor is the state This simply means that initially, the focus of of infrastructure support facilities. For industrial development should be the ordinary instance, the proposed site for business family or household by giving them access to establishment must be accessible to major capital and technology. thoroughfares, provided with adequate power supply and telecommunication facilities to In addition, the economic development of name a few. At present, the municipality is the municipality should be guided by the quite inaccessible as the main road linking overall national objective of sustainable Quezon to other parts of lsabela and nearby development. Every decision should take provinces is currently being rehabilitated. cognizance of the interplay of population, Power supply is only sufficient for the existing environment and natural resource and its residential areas and the telecommunication impacts on the economic development of the facilities leave much to be desired. local community.

Distantfrom majormarketcenters To attain the long-term development objectives for the municipality of Quezon, it is For investors, distance means added costs. imperative that the follOWing strategies be This explains the reason Why most investors strictly observed and implemented: prefer those locations which are closer to their markets. In the case of Quezon, the Rehabilitate and upgrade existing physical municipality is quite far from the province's infrastructure major market centers such as lIagan and Santiago City. Industrial development is influenced, to a large extent, by the state of the physical infrastructure in the area. The more varied and upgraded the types and level of infrastructure, the better is the prospect for

70 Quezon, Isabel. CDWP (1995) business and employment generation. rent, and assistance in the processing of Therefore, the local government should be application papers are but some examples. vigilant in following up national infrastructure projects such as road networks that would link Undertake human resource development training Quezon to Tuguegarao and other major parts programs of Isabela. In addition, other major infrastructure projects should similarly be Aside perhaps from vast tracts of land given due emphasis such as communal suitable for agricultural activities, the other irrigation systems, telecommunication, local major resource of the municipality is its road networks, water supply, and drainage. people. Since the dominant economic activity is agricultural in nature, the local government Promotion of cottageandsmall-scale industries should provide training programs with particular focus on farming techniques. This The local economy of Quezon is dominated program aims to upgrade the basic skills of the by and will continue to remain agricultural in local manpower. the years to come. Introducing large scale industries at this stage may not be viable. But PriorityProgramsand Projects in the next three to six years, the lGU could vigorously promote the development of cottage To implement the policies and strategies and small-scale industries. Household-based enunciated in the previous section, the enterprises are appropriate given the existing following programs and projects are hereby natural and human resources in the area. recommended:

Strengthen the spirit of cooperativism among the livelihood trainingprogram people This program aims to assist families or Based on existing records, there are about households augment their income by preparing ten active cooperatives in the area. Despite them for small-scale and household-based this achievement, there are still a large industries that make use of raw materials number of farmers who have yet to be available in the area. The Department of integrated into the existing cooperatives. It Science and Technology (DOST) together with is, therefore, the role of the lGU, through the the Technology and livelihood Resource Municipal Agricultural Office, tv spread the Center (TlRC) are currently promoting spirit of cooperativism among non-member small-scale industries which are appropriate in farmers in the municipality. a place like Quezon. To facilitate the implementation of ttl is program, this may be Redirect efforts towards sustainable agricultural coursed through the existing cooperatives. development Trainings include fruit processing and packaging, garments manufacturing, The municipality is blessed with vast tracts handicrafts and souvenir items production. of lands which are ideal for agricultural activities. Since palay is the major crop in the Farmers'Training Program area, Quezon should look for technical and financial assistance that would upgrade and In view of the need to upgrade the skills and expand existing irrigation system in order to the technical know-how of farmers, a series of enable farmers to stretch their planting and training programs on farm techniques and harvesting seasons. Similarly, organic farming crops development and management may be and integrated pest management should also sponsored and/or conducted by the local be encouraged to sustain agricultural government unit concerned. These training production. The other equally relevant programs may also focus on the latest component of local agricultural development is strategies concerning the marketing aspect of the promotion of high-value crops such as farm products. fruits and vegetables in the agricultural practices of farmers. Establishment of Agro-processing center

Formulate policies that would attrag prospective Once the necessary infrastructure support investors to the area system has been placed and the planting of high value crops widely practiced among Although this strategy is contingent on the farmers, the municipal government may, in the policy of infrastructure rehabilitation and long run, a!so promote the establishment of an upgrading, it is necessary to provide an agro-processing center in the locality. This environment conducive for investment. industry shall process high-value crops Policies which include tax holidays and produced by local farmers and transform these incentives for industries that would make use using local labor into end or intermediate of the local agricultural products, lower land products.

~~71 PHILIPPINE PLANNING JOURNAL VoIsXXV/ (2) & XXVii (1). AptiI-Octobfir 1-995~~

Social Services Development Plan For, tfie di'sadv,antaged members of the municipality, social welfare services are Summary of ExistingConditions provided by the Municipal Social Welfare and Development Office (MSWDO). MSWDO In 1990, the total number of housing units operates 16 Day Care Centers located in each in Quezon was placed at 3,103. Out of this of the 15 barangays except for Minagbag total, 2,986 were occupied by 3,029 which has two centers. At present, these households. Of the 2.986 units. 94 percent centers benefit some 419 children from a were single-detached most of which were potential clientele of 2,470 with ages ranging located in the rural areas. from 1-4 years. As far as the educational sector in the municipality is concerned, there are at present Finally, basketball seems to be the most 13 public schools in Quezon composed of 12 played game by the youth in the municipality. primary and elementary schools and one high To date, all barangays have basketball courts school. La Salette of Quezon located in the except for Estrada and Callanguigan. The Pobtaclon is the only private school in the municipality also has four baseball/softball municipality. fields and three public parks for children and promenaders. A cockpit arena is found in The teacher-pupils ratio in primary schools barangay Arellano. (except for Day Care Centers) shows a slight deficiency (1:45) with regard to the national Development Issuesand Concerns standard requirement of one teacher for every 40 students. However, the 1:27 and 1:38 The following are some of the major teacher-student ratios for both pre-school and development issues identified for the social secondary levels, respectively are within the sector: accepted standard. The classroom to student ratio at the secondary level was placed at 1) Absence of sites for socialized housing; 1:48; elementary and pre-school at 1:45 and Inadequate classrooms in elementary 1:27, respectively. and secondary levels;

Recently, the municipality inaugurated its 2) Lack of teachers in primary schools; 10-bed Emergency Hospital. Manning the said hospital are two doctors, three nurses, and 3) Lack of barangay health stations; four paramedics. In addition, Quezon has one Rural Health Center (RHC) With a doctor, 4) Lack of medical personnel and nurse, midwife, medical technologists and medicines in the barangays; sanitary inspector. Five Barangay Health Stations (BHS) located in barangays Abut. 5) Slightly high incidence of Lepanto, Barucboc, Turod and Mangga provide malnourishment among children; health care service to the rest of the town. 6) Lack of funds to sustainably implement Reports show that the municipality has a social welfare programs; and total of 95 severely malnourished children out of 3,521 weighed during Operation Timbang. 7) Lack of police and fire fighting For second and first degree malnourishment, manpower. Quezon registered a high of 386 and 973 respectively. For children below five years of SectoralPolicies and Strategies age, malnourishment incidence was pegged at 33 percent. In view of the problems and issues identified in the previous section, it is the goal of this There are 12 Philippine National Police plan to uplift the liVing and social conditions of (PHP) personnel providing protective services the local populace. Specifically, this plan in Quezon. This gives a policeman to intends to achieve the following: population ratio of 1:1,297. Although the headquarters is in the Pcblaclen, there are 1) Ensure access to land for housing the barangay brigades prOViding assistance to the less privileged members of society; police. In support of its peace keeping duties, the police has a service jeep and a 2) Provide adequate educational facilities motorcycle. such as additional school buildings or classrooms and other support facilities; The fire protection force, on the other hand, has six firemen which translates to only one 3) Deploy additional teachers at primary fireman for every 3,036 population. The fire and intermediate levels; department has one firetruck.

~~72 Quezon, IsabalaCDLUP(1995)~~

4) Undertake series of training programs development and re-training of its present for teachers of elementary and teachers at all levels. In view of the secondary schools; government's thrust of improving the quality of Science, Mathematics and English teaching in 5) Provide health assistance to the less primary, elementary and high school levels, privileged members of the community; local officials must coordinate with the DECS to allow teachers to improve their capabilities 6) Increase public awareness on health on these subjects. Recently, the DECS in and nutrition; collaboration with UP Institute of Science and Mathematics Education (UP-ISMED) and 7) Reduce incidence of malnutrition among People's Television 4 (PTV 4) launched an children; innovative TV program called CONSTEL. This particular program aims to upgrade the 8) Advocate policies and allocate existing knowledge and capabilities of resources addressing social welfare elementary and high school teachers through a concerns; and series of modulesllectures on Science and Mathematics. 9) Ensure pUblic security and safety by beefing up existing police and fire Construction of Barangay Health Stations fighting forces. At present, only a few barangays are being PRIORITY PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS served with a barangay health station. To provide health services to those in need, BHS Identification of sites for socialized housing must be constructed.

In response to the provision of RA 7279 Nutrition, Health and Population Information and which mandates all local government units to Education Program identify sites for socialized housing, the municipal government should exert efforts to To immediately address the problem on incorporate into their land use plan possible malnourishment among children, health locations for socialized housing. workers must implement a long term information and education campaign on proper Constructionofnew and/or upgrading ofdeteriorating nutrition, health and family planning. Aside school buildings/classrooms in barangays Abut, from fora and radio announcements, Arellano, Barucboc, Lepanto, Minagbag, Poblacion, brochures, comics and other handouts may be Samonte,andSantos used il1 this effort.

With existing students-classroom ratios for Malaria and Leprosy Control Program all levels except pre-schools falling below national standards, there is a need to As previously mentioned, cases of malaria supplement existing number of classrooms to have been reported in the past five years. In accommodate present and future students. order to address this problem, the local With insufficient local funds from SEF, the government may seek the assistance of the municipal government may seek either the DOH which is currently running a program on assistance of the DECS which have annual malaria eradication. allocation in its budqet for such purpose or from the Countrywide Development Funds of Purchase of medicines, medical equipment and Congressmen and/or Senators. In the event facilities that the municipal government failed to solicit the assistance from these possible sources, it One of the major complaints of residents in may opt to adopt an innovative program that rural areas is that barangay health stations has been recently adopted by DECS in have inadequate supply of medicines. It would cooperation with NGOs. This program, the do the municipality well if the local government Multi-Grade Program for Educational ensure that sufficient supply of medicines are Development, involves the integration of a available in all its health stations. number of grade levels given a limited number of classrooms. Immunization Program

Science, Mathematics and English Teachers' This program aims to lessen mortality and DevelopmentProgram morbidity cases due to communicable diseases such as measles, polio, OPT and Aside from the need to hire or deploy tetanus. additional teachers especially at the primary and intermediate levels, the municipal government should also seriously look into the

~~73 PHILIPPINEPLANNING JOURNAL VoIs.XXVI (2) & XXVII (1), Apri1-October 1995~~

FamilyPlanningProgram the previous process, this also requires the holding of public hearings. Through the municipal government's various health stations, a comprehensive famlly Only after the SP has approved the plan planning program may be implemented in all does the zoning ordinance, which legitimizes barangays. Attention must be focused on the land allocation and zonation scheme responsible parenthood and information on contained in the proposed land use plan, various family planning methods. become a basis for deciding cases on the physical and spatial aspect of development. SportsDevelopmentProgram The rather lengthly process of having a plan To encourage and promote camaraderie and legitimized, while meant to ensure social social cohesion among communities, a sports acceptability and technical soundness, development program should be implemented provides the safeguard of plan continuity. municipal-wide. Considering that local chief executives only have three yaars to serve, the long PLAN IMPLEMENTATION bureaucratic requirements can deter officials CONSIDERATIONS from totally disregarding previous plans, particularly if these have been prepared by a Although the formulation of a plan is the first previous administration. step towards addressing local concerns, unless a plan is implemented, goals, Plan Monitoring, Evaluation and Update objectives and targets remain as nothing more than ideas to be hoped and aspired for. Land use plans, by their very nature, are Contrary to common belief, however, the test long-term. However, as the planning period of a good plan is not whether it is implemented becomes longer, uncertainties become or not but how well it addresses the need for greater. There is a need, therefore, to have a which it was designed. With these in mind, it periodic review of plans. The review process is necessary to be aware of the different is meant to be the monitoring aspect: to help dimensions of plan implementation to really determine whether the objectives of the plan have a grasp of the situation and ensure are being met; Whether the plan is still success of the plan. attuned to the needs of the times. While it may be necessary to institute changes, as a Procedural Aspectsof Plan Implementation general policy, these changes have to be consistent with the original objectives and Implementation of the CLUP demands that it intent of the plan, particularly with respect to must first go through the legitimization the land use component. process. As far as LGUs are concerned, this means an official recognition of the legality of A pre-requisite to the periodic evaluation, the document through a legislative act of the say every three years (to coincide with the Sangguniang Bayan (SB). This is normally tenure of local officials), is the need to achieved after extensive public hearings have establish a municipal-wide database system. been conducted to generate support for the Changes in the prevailing physical and plan, a resolution of adoption has been socia-economic environment can best be passed and a zoning ordinance has been monitored by regularly updating the municipal approved. Upon adoption, the plan becomes profile. This can, therefore, prOVide the basis the official vision or framework for for any plan update or re-adjustment. development of the municipality concerned. This, however, is only the initial step. Worth mentioning is the vital functions of the Municipal Development Council (MDC), the The documents (the plan, the zoning Municipal Planning and Development ordinance and the resolution of adoption) are Coordinator (MPDC) and his staff in the then forwarded to the Sangguniang monitoring-evaluation process. Since both Panlalawigan (SP) for review. With the bodies are mandated to ensure compliance assistance of the Provincial Land Use with the plan, the development permit system Committee (PLUC) and the office of the is a good mechanism for regulating Provincial Planning and Development development in the area. Although every local Coordinator (PPDC), the SP either ratifies or office is tasked to update their respective data recommends improvements to the document. needs, the MPDC can coordinate the This review process which is mandated by the compilation of these information to make his Local Government Code (LGC) is meant to job as chief technical evaluator of the plan assesa the technical and legal aspects of the easier. plan and to ensure vertical integration with the PPFP and other higher level plans. As with

~~74 Quezon, Isabela CDWP (1995)~~

The Constitutional Framework The new LGC has consolidated various taxation laws and devolved certain powers to The institutionalization of planning in the LGUs which enhances the sustainability of its country has slowly taken root since the autonomy. Aside from reformulating the creation of the then Human Settlements wealth-sharing scheme between the local and Regulatory Commission (HSRC, now Housing national governments, the Code has widened and Land Use Regulatory Board, HLURB). the corporate powers of the LGU and. thus, Gradually, planning documents are being ensured their self-sufficiency in fiscal matters. viewed not as ends in themselves but as a means to an end. The passage of the new As it pertains to land use matters, taxation LGC has ensured its growth and maturation. may be used as instrument of inducement or instrument of development regulation. Land The three basic powers of the LGU which is contingent activities may be promoted by derived from the very essence of its existence providing incentives such as tax ensures the constitutionality of its actions in holidays/exemptions or they may be used as its drive to implement plans. This refers to the control mechanism through land revaluation LGU's inherent powers of police, eminent and taxes on idle lands and non-conforming domain, and taxation power. uses.

~~Police Power Revenue Mobilization Program~~

The legality of government actions which are Effective governance depend to a large sometimes construed as violative of individual extent on availability of financial resources to rights may be traced to the concept of parens fund local projects which address local needs. patriae. It is from this concept that the right of Although programs have already been the state to intervene, in the actions of implemented by the LGU to enhance revenue individuals or groups of individuals whenever generation. to ensure continued viability of such actions impinge on the well-being of the adequate provision of services, the following majority. is derived. Regulatory or control policy recommendations must be pursued measures such as zoning and enforcement of regarding revenue generation and fiscal building and other planning standards, outright administration: prohibition such as in the enforcement of antl-pollution laws, and the use of 1) Undertake a regular land re-valuation development permit system are specific tools program to reflect the existing market which fall under this constitutional power. value of real properties. Real property taxes are a major source of income. Eminent Domain Therefore. all legal moves that can maximize property tax collection must This power of the LGU which grants it the be enforced; right to acquire privately owned lands is a tool which is rarely used .in the country but one 2) Adopt tax ordinances that would allow which has tremendous potential if properly the municipal government to collect handled. For as long as it can be shown that taxes at revised rates. Assuming that the land which is the subject of contention will the municipal government has not yet be used for a public purpose, due process is fully integrated the various revisions on followed, and just compensation paid, exercise the rates of collecting taxes as per the of the power of eminent domain will have a provisions contained in the LGC, it is direct impact on the use pattern of land imperative that the SB pass tax resources. ordinances to legalize collection of taxes. fees and other charges generally It may usefully be noted that alternatives to authorized by the Code; expropriation proceedings do exist. Other modes of land assembly or land banking which 3) Punitive actions and legal sanctions for may be employed to influence land use include tax evasions should be adopted and negotiated purChase, donation, land swaps, strictly enforced; among others. 4) The municipal government should not Taxation be discouraged to implement projects that require huge amounts of Basically a revenue-generating activity, investment. The Local Government taxes are imposed to finance the operation of Code of 1991 has provided the the government unit concerned and to ensure opportunity for LGUs to enhance their the delivery of basic social and other services financial capability to undertake major to constituents of which all LGUs are infrastructure projects. These may be mandated to serve. done through credit financing. entering

~~75 PHILIPPINE PLANNING JOURNAL Vo/s.X)M (2) & XXVff (1). Aprfi..October 1995~~

into contract with the private sector Coacerned with the poor performance of the through the bUHd-operate-transfer LDIP, the DllG/BlGC has evolved a capital scheme and its variations, direct loans investment planning-programming model which from other LGUs, and foreign loans may be adopted to rationalize resource they are guaranteed by the allocation in the municipality. Guidelines on national government. Local government how it works may be obtained from the units may also issue bonds and Department of Interior and Local Government securities to finance self-liquidating, (DlLG). income-producing development projects; and Furthermore, it is recommended that the use of the 20 percent Local Development Fund be 5) Imposition of special taxes such as the optimized. To increase the physical assets of idle lands tax to discourage Sub-optimal the municipality and at the same time propel land utilization and the special levy on the local economy, local officials should real property to recoup investments strictly follow the provision of the Code which from the implementation of public mandates that a 20 percent allocMion of the infrastructure projects which have interval revenue allotment (IRA) of the benefited landowners through enhanced municipality be used for local infrastructure real property values. and soclo-economic development programs and projects. With the investment program Investment Programming based on the proposed development plan for the municipality, the local government can In the past, the synchronization of the look forward to a rational financial resource planning and budgeting systems were allocation system. conceptualized through the Local Development Investment Programming (lDIP) model. While It is also imperative to prioritize programs the lDIP was supposed to be a mechanism for and projects as contained in the CLUP of the optimizing the allocation of financial resources municipality. However, because prioritization through the prioritization and systematic and programming of projects are best left to implementation of programmed projects, the the people who have a stake in the loopholes in the local-level planning system development and have a deeper knowledge of reduced the lDIP to nothing more than a local needs/aspirations, this section shall be "shopping list" of sectoral projects and limited to identification of priority programs programs. and projects which may be considered for implementation. It is hoped, however, that the prioritization and implementation of projects be done in an objective manner rather than as a political exercise.

~~76 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK PLAN MUNICiPALITY OF NASUGBU, BATANGAS~~

~~UP PLANADES PLANNING TEAM~~

INTRODUCTION groups are also in the process of expanding and modemizing their operations in order to Historical Background contribute to the industrialization and modemization of the province, in general, and Prior to the arrival of the Spaniards, this coastal of the municipality, in particular. town of Nasugbu had a population of one thousand people. Founded in 1899, the It is in this light that the expansion and growth municipality now has an estimated population of the municipality take cognizance of the need of 75,462. The townsite was situated a to update and revise development plans kilometer East of the present site. Historians prepared earlier in order to respond more recall that in 1896, about five hundred people effectively to the following issues and (who had taken up arms against the Spaniards) concems: perished from the hands of enraged Spanish soldiers. The livelihood of the Filipino residents New trends in planning and management then was to work for the hacienderos who of cities and municipalities that emphasize owned practically the entire town of Nasugbu. planning as a dynamic process that is responsive to the continuing growth and When the Americans came, the town people expansion of human settlements; eventually built a new town. The new town dwellers were to become the forebears of the New and better techniques and community who resisted the Japanese methodologies in the preparation of land use invaders, four decades hence. The end of the plans and accompanying zoning maps and Second World War saw Nasugbu back to its ordinances; normal way of life, slowly but imperceptibly accepting the modem changes brought about New guidelines of the govemment such as by the process of urbanization. the need for a development plan which shall become the basis for policies on conversion of In the early 1970s, the hacienda owners agricultural lands to urban l,Ises in order to decided to sell to the people, a majority of their accommodate the ever-increasing growth and landholdings, over a period of ten years. expansion of the community; These lands became the abode of the ever growing population now living in 42 barangays • The interest of govemment, as well as, throughout the municipality. private sector groups to develop the national scenic spots along the coastline of Rationale for the Project the municipality which necessitates proper land use planning in order to integrate The current thrust of the govemment is the such developments with the overall dispersal of urbanization and industrialization developmental scheme for the town; and to make available more employment opportunities in the countryside. Together with • The desire of the govemment to the peripheral areas around Metro Manila, the encourage foreign nationals, especially municipality of Nasugbu is now becoming an overseas Filipinos to retire in the attractive area not only to local investors but to Philippines because of the natural beauty foreign investors as well. The private sector of its towns and cities.

~~77 PHILIPPINE PLANNING JOURNAL VoIs.xXVI (2) & XXVII (1), ApriI-October 1995~~

~~PROVINCE OF~~

~~MANILA~~

~~PROVINCE OF QUEZON~~

~~SCALE 1:500,000 10,000_ 0 10 ..J KRRBH e---:--3~~

~~NASUGBU CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK PLAN PROJECT LOCATION MAP OF NASUGBU &'t;.r~ ANOllEVEI._T IIESEARCH FOUNDATION INC. R1!:GION IV MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT OF' NASUG8U JUL Y "'0~~

~~78 Nltsugbu. Batsngas Framework Pfsn (1990)~~

Objectives of the Study municipality. These programs and projects became the basis of the major thrusts of the The primary objective of the study is the preferred plan. preparation of a conceptual framework plan for the Municipality of Nasugbu specifying general Organizational Arrangementsfor the Study land uses, overall transportation and other infrastructure network and linkages with A project team from U.P. PLANADES was surroundingcommunities. The framework plan organized composed of consultants in the will also formulate altemative developmental fields of physical, social and economic schemes/strategies to guide the future growth planning. The pool of consultants under the and expansion of the municipality, twenty years direct supervision of the project director was hence. supported by researchers from Manila and augmented by the staff of the local municipal The secondary objective is the preparation of planning and development office. large scale decision maps (based on the analysis of data generated in the study) for use The consultants related with the inter-agency in day to day policy decision-making by local groups composed of representatives from the administratorsand legislators. Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR), Department of Agriculture (DA), Department of Research Methodology local Govemment (DLG), Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). An assessment and evaluation of the previous Philippine Tourism Authority (PTA), municipal comprehensive development plan Department of Education, Culture and Sports was undertaken to determine the applicability (DECS), Department of Public Works and of said plan in the light of new development Highways (DPWH), and the private sector trends, opportunities and constraints. The group representing various socio-economic evaluation provided the project team the latest and civic-oriented groups in the municipality. datalinformation on the physical, social, economic and environmental characteristics of the municipality, as well as, revealed data gaps GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PLAN in the previous plan. One of the commonly used approaches in the Survey questionnaires were prepared and field determination of issues and problems in urban interviews were conducted to identify and and regional planning is to solicit the views of assess perceived problems, goals and various influence groups in the community in objectives by the decision-makers, the private order to arrive at common problems which will sector groups and the public, in general. The serve as a basis for the formulation of analysis of survey results yielded the general community goals and objectives. In the perception of the people of their emerging municipality of Nasugbu, the planning problems which in tum provided the basis for consultants administered a set of the formulation of goals and objectives. questionnaires among barangay officials and local residents, the representatives of national A series of alternative development strategies line agencies and municipal officials, as well were formulated by the planners in consultation as, the private sector represented by the with the decision-makersand the private sector private investors and non-govemmental group representatives. The strong and weak organizations. points of each strategy were evaluated in terms of their consistency with desired community 2.1 Goals and Objectives as Perceived by the goals and objectives. Barangay Officials and Residents.

A series of dialogues and consultations with 2.1.1 To increase household income by: field representatives of national line agencies about their programs and projects were held in • creating alternative income-generating order to streamline and minimize the wastage opportunities (i.e., livelihood and of limited financial resources being channeled employment); to the municipality. An agreement on priority projects and programs was arrived at with these agencies and residents of the

~~79 PHILIPPINEPLANNINGJOURNAL VoIs,XXVf (2) & XXV" (1), Apn1-October 1995~~

• improving current livelihood activities 2,1.6 To promote better linkages between and through proper management of fishery I among barangaysand the Poblacionby: marine resources; provision of appropriate and equipment; better • maintaining f upgrading f expanding the access to capital I land I market I municipality'sroad network; technology. • establishing an efficient transportation 2.1.2 To improve the quality of and access to system; health servicesin the municipalityby: • improving existing communication • providing each barangay with its own services; health centers; • setting up appropriate communication • augmenting the number of health facilities; and personnel currently attending to the needs of the people; • improvingthe postaldelivery system.

• providing health centers and personnel 2.1.7 To improve the quality of life in the with adequate and appropriate medical Poblacionby: supplies; and • installing a drainage system; • proper training of volunteer health workers. • establishing a waste disposal managementsystem; 2.1.3 To increase and I or improve educationalfacilities by: • containingthe growth of squattercolony; and • providing each barangay with an elementaryschool; • checking a growing social problem of drug abuse. • providing adequate number of classrooms; 2.2 Goals and Objectives as Perceived by the National Line Agencies and Municipal • maintaining the facilities of existing Officials. schools. 2.2.1 To provide the sectoral agencies and 2.1.4 To meet the water requirements of the the municipal offices with the populationby: appropriate financial, human, and material support neededfor a successful • developing water resources to ensure implementation of their tasks. adequate and accessible supplyto meet both domesticand agricultural needs; 2.2.2 To address the problem of poverty.

~~• providing the various barangays with 2.2,3 To manage the municipality's marine suffICient numberof deep wells; and forest resourcesby:~~

• expanding service area of current water • controlling illegal fishing and logging distribution systems; activities; and • checking the destructionof corral reefs. • managing the municipality's water resources to prevent further worsening 2.2.4 To improve the quality of life in the of observedsalt water intrusionand river Poblacionby: pollution. • providing more toilet facilities; 2.1.5 To meet power requirements of the • installing a drainage system; barangays or to ensure continuous • establishing a waste disposal system; SlIPPly· and • checking the growth of drug abuse.

~~80 Nasugbu, B8tangas Framework Plan (1900)~~

~~2.3 Goals and Objectives as Perceived by the • to encourage and promote community Private Sector to Include Non- participation in the delivery of basic Governmental Organizations. services.~~

2.3.1 To alleviate poverty in certain sectors by 2.4.2 Physical I Spatial providing alternative sources of income; a) Development and judicious management 2.3.2 To provide support to private sector and utilization of natural resources: organizations in the form of: • to control the degradation of the • financial assistance; municipality's marine, water, and • manpower; and agricultural resources which may result • technology transfer. from economic activities in the area;

~~2.3.3 To address problems of illegal fishing • to ensure the judicious use of the and piracy. municipality's natural resources;~~

2.3.4 To address the growing social problem • to promote sound resource- of drug abuse. appropriation technologies and practices; and 2.4 Goals and Objectives of the Community. • to develop the locality's water resources. A careful examination of the "wish lists" of the three groups interviewed led to the formulation b) Rational and integrated spatial system: of the following goals and objectives for the Municipality of Nasugbu. • to establish a well-integrated road network; 2.4.1 Socio-Economic • to promote an efficient transportation a) Poverty alleviation: system;

• to improve household income especially • to improve existing power and of those belonging to the low-income communication facilities; bracket; • to encourage investments; and • to provide for effective inter-and intra • to provide gainful employment municipality communication system; and opportunities. • to establish a system of urban centers to b) Improved economic productivity facilitate access to urban functions I services. • to improve access to land, capital, markets and technology; 2.4.3 Politico-Administrative • to provide appropriate training and equipment; and a) Enhancement of the private sector's • to establish the necessary infrastructure capabilities as active partners in support. development:

c) Improved basic services delivery: • to effect measures in improving the local government's effectiveness; and • to provide sufficient health, educational and social welfare services; • to facilitate access to funds and technology. • to increase power facilities and expand service areas; b) To provide line agencies with required financial, human and material support. • to expand and improve water supply and delivery services; and

~~81 PHILIPPINE PLANNING JOURNAL VoIs.xXVI (2) & XXVII (1), Apri1-October 1995~~

III. EXISTING SITUATION AND • Forest and pasture lands - include non DEVELOPMENT POTENTIALS commerciai forest land which can be subjected to forest development 3.1 General Physical Characteristics programs; and

~~3.1,1 Physical Features and Topography • Fishponds.~~

Geographical Location Table 1 shows the land use distribution in the municipality in terms of the five categories. The municipality of Nasugbu is located in the coastal areas (Westem Tip) of the province of Tablet Ge:lerallan

~~Travel distance from Metro Manila is about 102 The soil types identified in five sampling kilometers via Tagaytay City. locations within the municipality are:~~

From Batangas City (the provincial capitol), its Magallanes loam and Magallanes Sandy distance covers about 70 kilometers, traversing Loam of the Magallanes series. charactetized through several municipalities of the province. by light reddish brown color, friable and fine to coarse granular loam somewhat sandy in land Area texture;

Nasugbu has a total land area of 27,633 Tagaytay sandy loam is dark brown to nearly hectares, subdivided into 42 barangays black, friable and granular sandy loam with (including the 12 barangays forming the considerable amount of volcanic sand; poblacion), with a total popUlation of 75,462, Average gross density is 2.73 individuals per Calumpang clay loam is light grayish brown, hectare. loose and structureless sandy loam, and;

Densely populated areas are concentrated in Taal Sandy Loam of the Taal series (the the poblacion and the barangays within its formation of which was influenced largely by immediate vicinity, as well as, in the coastal the successive eruptions of Taal Volcano) barangays. consists of brownish gray, loose and structureless sandy loam. Nasugbu's total land area has been classified into five major categories: 3.1.3 Meteorology

• Built-up areas - include those areas Climate being utilized for residential, commercial, industrial and institutional Climatological data taken from the Wawa, purposes; Nasugbu Synoptic Station shows that the climate in the Municipality falls under the first • Agricultural areas; type of classification (TYPE I) characterized by two pronounced seasons: dry season from • Marginal lands include rivers. November to April, and wet season for the rest marshes, creeks, highways, roads and of the year. tourist areas;

~~82 BARANGAY BOUNDARY AND LAND AREA MAP Sf>Unt I:WNA $£A~~

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t' NASUG9U CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK PLAN PROJECT ~~'4"'_t:~a> ~ MUNICIPALITY OF NASUGBU .. •• __ ... ..t~'i~: PROVINCE OF BATANGAS ~~e-:'~lo~~l~~':£:lsUmt"H I FOI,UtO,.,..O.. 'iNC,. JUt..Y'IHO I J PHILIPPINE PLANNING JOURNAL VoIs.XXVI (2) & XXVII (1), ApriJ-October 1995

~~Rainfall 3.1.5 .Geology and Rock Formation~~

Based on the recorded data, maximum rainfall Geology is experienced in the month of August with an average of 604 mm. while the minimum is The area is characterized by gently rising hills during the month of February with an average that culminate at the volcano crater of Taal of only 1.0 mm. The annual average rainfall is some 35 kilometers East of Nasugbu. 2,245mm. Pyroclastic and other rock units of Miocene to Quatemary Ages outcrop in the higher areas of Temperature the municipality. The lowland plain consisting mostly of recent alluvial deposits is abundant in The annual average temperature in the groundwater, which is the primary source of municipality is 27.3°C. January is the coolest domestic water in the area. month having an average temperature of 2S.8°C, while April is the warmest month The pyroclastic rocks which belong to the registering an average temperature of 29°C. Guadalupe formation offer the best areas for groundwater recharge. Even if cementation Winds and compaction have somewhat reduced the porosity and permeability of this formation, it North Easterly winds prevail in the municipality still provides in some places, sufficient in the months of OCtober to April, while South groundwater. However, the most important Westerly winds prevail during the months of groundwater reservoirs in the region are found May to September. The annual average wind in the alluvial sequence in the plain area and speed is two miles per second. can be exploited to meet present and future water requirements of Nasugbu. Typhoons Mineral Resources The frequency of typhoons in the municipality is, as in the whole province of Batangas. The mineral potential of the municipality is Sixteen percent (16%) of all typhoons passing believed to be great and promising. However, the Philippines affects Batangas province. in-depth studies and detailed geological surveys are needed to explore such potentials. 3.1.4 Slope 3.1.6 Hydrology The municipality has mixed topographic reliefs. The areas on the Eastem side of the poblacion The Palico River is the major perennial river in and those along the shores on the Western the municipality. An impounding dam for side are characterized as predominantly level irrigation purposes was constructed about five to gently sloping. Areas on the Southem side kilometers from the coast. Unused water for are described as gently sloping. The this purpose is utiiized by a sugar milling mountainous areas are generally on the company in the vicinity, with the rest Northwest section. discharging into Nasugbu bay.

Based on a thorough analysis of the geologic Investigations were conducted in the upstream and slope / relief characteristics of the and downstream sections of the river. Flow municipality, it may be observed that a major measurement at the upstream section, some portion of the total land area may be classified eight kilometers from the poblacion. revealed a as falling in the 0-8 percent slope category. discharge of about 3,500 liters/second. This vast area may be termed as buildable, Another flow measurement downstream at a allowing permanent structures to be built point about 4.5 kilometers from the coast without fear of any environmental risks. It revealed a discharge of about 2,800 implies, therefore, that the siting of possible liters/second. The difference in the amount is settlement centers (or built-up areas) in any being utilized for irrigation purposes. part of the municipality will not, to a signifteant extent, be constrained by topographic features. ~"Q' eo-ee- 140~

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~;:..~ ~"VZ' Ii':;';.:-; MUNICIPALITY OF NASUGBU @ NASUGSU CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK PLAN PROJECT ...~t.Am·;J:1£OOwt.~! ~I$. ..f'.~U. u. PROVINCE OF SATANGAS ~:Nit~~~~:~~l~;~~t"'IN:$~~~t.UJeH ""'l" FOUNDAT'CN tHe. ,lVLy't990 Nasugbu. Bstangas framework Plan (1990)

The WfNia River another perennial water The table indicates that: course originating from the Northeastem section, it flows Westward on the Northem • The population of Region IV and Batangas portion of the poblacion and discharges into the exhibit an initial gradual but steady Nasugbu Bay. increase in its growth rate. The peak seems to have been reached and the Since there is no gauging station located along growth rate is now on a decline. Region lV this river, its maximum and minimum flow has population shows a more consistent not been quantified. pattern;

Other watercourses, mostly small creeks, are • Region IV's population is increasing at a either intermittent or do not have significant faster rate than that of either Batangas or flows that are worth considering as possible Nasugbu, The rate of increase of water supply sources. These creeks serve Nasugbu's population shows a fluctuating mainly as drainage channels, thus, they are pattern; largely dependent on rainfall. • The proportion of the population of Springs located in the Northem portion at a Batangas who reside in Nasugbu has distance of about 8-10 kilometers from the been gradually increasing over the years, poblacion are of low capacities and incapable from 2.59 percent in 1903 to 5.11 percent of meeting the water requirements of the water in 1990, This trend can be expected to district. These springs are primarily being continue and the rate of increase of the utilized by farmers in the area for irrigation population may even be higher, if purposes and as a source of domestic water measures are taken up in Nasugbu to for local residents. attract population,

~~3.2 Demographic Characteristics 3.2.2 Current Population~~

3.2.1 Population Growth Trends The NSO Preliminary Population Count for 1990 distributes the Batangas population of Table 2 shows the comparative population 1,476,000 into 272,000 households for an growth of Region IV, Batangas, and Nasugbu average of 5.4 persons per household. This from 1903 to 1990. current household size shows a decrease from the 1980 figure of 5.6 persons, but is higher than the national average of 5.3 per household. Table 2. Popullllloll Growth· of Region IV, 8aIangaI, and Natugbu1903-1990 Similar information is not available for Nasugbu, so comparisons regarding household NnUGbu ~ ~PI +-rIIlanaU %o! size cannot be made at this point. I Pcp'n . (%) I i'op'n I(%) I Pcp'n (%) I ProV'I ii' 'i i POP'n The dependency ratio is 0.886833, which is ,I 1903 924 258!---.LEi680 favorable, considering that for every person in f\918 1231 222 340 I 2.13 I 12423 5.73 i 3.27 *~i the labor force, there will be only 0.89 person i 1939 1813 2.25 442 1.42 19l12lJ 2.83 4.48 who is dependent. This will facilitate efforts to ! I ; 1948 2IlO4 1.66 510 1.71123668 2.16 4.64 improve the socio-economic welfare of the I 1960 3081 399 681 214 34845 3.90 5.12 population by providing gainful employment to those who are in the labor force. ! 1970 4457 4.47 926 ! 359 48849 3.44 5.08- I 1975 5214 3.40 I i I 1032 No I The highest population density is 20 persons I 3~1174, I 1960 6119 *I ::: 5~ 2.681 per hectare in Bucana, or the equivalent of only Il900 8261 I 300 I 1476 2.30 75482 2.70 I 5.11-l 5 persons per square kilometer. Nasugbu is ,. showing a lot of wisdom in planning for its FIlJU"lS forRegion IVandBatanga$ for 1903 10 1980 MI'& lIIken from theMedium- Term SoiIlh«n Tapog Region Development future growth at this time when the population Plen, 1987-1992, Chap. 3,p,8. density is still very low, Such action will FIlJU"lS for1990 MI'&lIIken from lheNCSO population count prevent possible dislocation among the Figures forNasugbu MI'&1XlIllPUllld from NSO dala. population, as well as, rationalize and maximize its current and future land uses.

~~87 PHILIPPINEPLANNINGJOURNAL VoIs.XXVI (2) & XXVII (1), ApriI-OctolJBr 1995~~

~~3.3 General Economic Characteristics 3.3.3 'Agricultural Crops and Land-use~~

The purpose of this section is to describe the Agriculture will continue to dominate Nasugbu's existing situation with respect to Nasugbu's economy in the years to come. Of the economic base and activities. The income municipality's total land area covering 27,633 status and sources of livelihood of the people hectares of generally flat lands, 21,615.77 will first be examined. The economic strengths hectares, or 78.22 percent, are devoted to and weaknesses of the municipality will then be agriculture in 1990. Sugarcane is the principal assessed through a documentation of the agricultural crop covering a huge area of 6,065 town's economic structure, land-use pattems, hectares, or 28.06 percent of total agricultural and natural resource endowments. In the land in the municipality. For this reason, process, strategies aimed at enhancing the sugarcane farming and milling are the primary economic potential of Nasugbu will be sources of livelihood of the residents of proposed. Nasugbu. Sugarcane farming produces an average yield of 80 MT per hectare. It is 3.3.1 Income and Employment important to note in this connection that sugarlands are owned by few proprietors and Nasugbu houses a relatively poor population. are cultivated to tenancy basis. Most Data shows that 68.8 percent of the prominent among the proprietors is Don Pedro households in Nasugbu had annual income Roxas who owns the sole milling company, the lower than P4,000 in 1980, while only about 5.3 Central Azucarera de Don Pedro. percent had annual incomes of over P10,OOO. Rice is the second most dominant crop in In 1988, a higher 94.92 percent of the total terms of area covered, occupying 2,466 population of the entire province of Satangas hectares, or 11.50 percent of the total had annual incomes of 10,000 and over, agricultural land in Nasugbu. Relative to the Among the barangays in Nasugbu, Lumbangan area covered, however, the performance of the had the highest total income in 1988, while rice/palay sector is dismal, yielding only a total Looc ranked the lowest. production 0\ 6,538.18 MT in 1990.

In 1980, Nasugbu had a labor force of 31,520 Nasugbu is not a rice producing municipality. representing 53.1 percent of the municipality's Ricelands are either irrigated, rainfed, upland .total population of 59,405. Of the total labor or palagad. In this connection, the pattem of force population, 16,750 or 53.1 percent were distribution of ricelands in Nasugbu is similar to considered gainfully employed. In 1967,62.20 that of the province as a whole. In Nasugbu, percent of the total labor force of Satangas was irrigated ricelands cover 717 hectares or 28.84 gainfully employed. percent of the total land area and these are found mostly in 8arangay Talangan, 3.3.2 Structure of the Local Economy northeastern side of 8arangay Wawa, and some portions of 8arangay Looc and 8arangay The fact that Nasugbu has essentially an 8ulihan. As should'be expected, the average agriculture-based economy is readily apparent. yield per hectare is much higher for irrigated The evidence presented reveals that 52,75 areas (64 cavans per hectare) than for rainfed percent of the gainful workers of Nasugbu had (69.9 cavans per hectare) and upland areas been projected to be employed in the (39.9 cavans per hectare). Surprisingly, the agricultural sector. Reflective of the town's low palagad system yields a higher value of 87.2 level of industrialization, workers in the cavans per hectare. manufacturing sector represent only 10.66 percent. Social and personal service workers 3.3.4 Livestock and Poultry constitute 14.72 percent, while wholesale and retail trade employees comprise a relatively low Livestock and poultry raising are also major 7.72 percent. economic activities of the people in Nasugbu. In 1987, total livestock and poultry production Understandably, a very high proportion of amounted to an overall total of 3,394,139.03 agricultural workers are found in the rural kilograms with pork and carabao meat as areas. Service workers predominate in the principal products. Nasugbu contributed a urban areas. significant 5.31 and 11.18 percent, Nasugbu. Batangas Framework Plan(1990)

respectively. of the total pork and carabao 3.3.7 Tourism meat production of the province in 1987. The municipality boasts of several existing and 3.3.5 Fishery and Fishpond Operations potential tourist spots. Indeed, Nasugbu is well-known for its clear blue beaches, coves The fishing industry in the area is also and white sands covered With seashells and noteworthy. because of the large bodies of pebbles. Most of these attractions are found in water in the municipality. There are several three barangays: 8ucane, Wswa and Natipuan. rivers and dams in Nasugbu. and the town is bounded on the West by the China Sea. In It may also be noted that there are at least 10 addition, there are several inland fishponds in resort hotels in the municipality which could 8arangay Wswa and Sarangay Pantalsn provide support to the further development of covering an area of 169.85 hectares. its tourist potentials.

Total fish production in the municipality for 3.3.8 Sufficiency Analysis of Agricultural 1987 amounted to over 10.0 percent of the Production total fish production of Satangas. This relatively high proportion can be attributed to As noted earlier, the agricultural sector will the fact that fishpond production in Nasugbu continue to dominate Nasugbu's economy in represented over 50 percent of the total the years to come. For this reason, it is fishpond production in Satangas. Nasugbu's important to assess the sufficiency ievels and share in terms of commercial production is a future requirements of various agricultural relatively low 4.48 percent. crops and products as basis for the formulation of strategies for further development of the A significant factor in Nasugbu's fishing agricultural sector. industry is the presence of the A.H. Apacible SChool of Fisheries which offers courses in Agricultural Crops fisheries and related fields. On the other hand. s major problem confronting the industry is the It can readily be discemed from the data worsening pollution of the coastal waters presented that Nasugbu is deficient in rice. the brought about by the indiscriminate dumping of major staple of the country. The municipality human and industrial waste. has only a slight surplus in com production. It has. however. an overwhelming surplus of The problem which has escalated in recent sugarcane which further documents the fact years. is aggravated by illegal fishing practices that the municipality is a major center for (e.g.• dynamite fishing. use of poisons. ete.), sugarcane production. These practices have obviously reduced the productivity of the fishing grounds in the The municipality contributed more than 12.9 municipality. percent of the total sugarcane production of 8atangas province in 1990. 3.3.6 Commerce and Industry The relatively large contribution of the Compared to the other more progressive towns municipality to the mango production (13%) of of the province, commercial and industrial the province is also noteworthy. activities in Nasugbu are minimal. In fact, there are only two major industrial establishments in Livestock Products the municipality. both of which are of the agri business variety: the sugar processing Central In terms of its livestock production, the Azucarera de Don Pedro, and the piggery municipality is sufficient for most meat based Cordova farms. Other types of products. The sufficiency level is particularly commercial activities in the municipality are high for hog and carabao production, and limited and mostly of the sari-sari store variety. somewhat lower for cattle and goat production. In view of the rich agricultural resources of the municipality, it is imperative that efforts be Fish and Poultry Products exerted to expand agro--related industrial and commercial activities in the area, possibly in In contrast to its livestock production, the the poblacion and nearby barangays. municipality is deficient in poultry production. Its fish production. however, is more than

89 PHILIPPINE PLANNING JOURNAL VoIs-XXl/l (2) & XXVII (1) April-October 1995 sufficient, although sufficiency levels have those 'in the Poblacion and VVawa registered been noted to have declined in recent years. high enrollments, to the extent that both have The municipality's surplus in fish products is nearly reached the limits of their absorption not surprising given its rich water and marine capacities. In the East District, the schools in resources. As noted earlier, however, the fish Lumbangan, Biliran, and Calayway absorbed industry is faced with the worsening problem of reiatively more enrollees than the rest. water pollution, a problem which obviously has Although, in general, the schools in this district to be dealt with if production in this sector of can still absorb more students, the increasing the local economy is to be sustained in the number of school age children, especially in future. more recent years necessitates an examination of the future needs in terms of additional 3.4 Sodal services classrooms to forestall shortages. Already, this has been felt in some barangays in both 3.4.1 EducatiC'n districts. Inadequacy of classrooms was cited as a major problem in Aga, Looc, Reparo. and Two out of the total 41 Public Elementary Talangan. This problem of additional school Districts in Batangas are located in classrooms is analyzed further i('l the next Nasugbu; the Nasugbu East and VVest section. The issue of whether or not the Districts. The 1989-90 District Officer's report performance of the students come up to par to the DECS enumerate the areas of coverage with DECS standards/targets will not be of each district. The East District covers the discussed since it is an issue which is properly easily accessible areas of Cayfaway, Aga, Sino addressed in a development plan. Bayabasan (Aga), Banilad, Bilaran, and Lumbangan which lie along the national road, 3.4.2 Health and the relatively inaccessible areas of Cayrilao, . Mataas na Pule, Tumalim, Siuo Nasugbu is served by three hospitals and two Pingkian (Reparo), Reparo, catandaan, Rural Health Units, with each unit servicing Malapad na Bato, Sitio Tala (Munting lndang), specific barangays. Latag, Sitio Panuca, (Butucan), Bulihan, and Looc, where the roads are rendered In terms of hospital beds, Nasugbu has more impassable during the rainy months. The VVest than enough for its current requirements. District, on the other hand, include the There is urgent need, however, for additional Poblacien barangays, Balaytigue, Sitio doctors, nurses, and a sanitary inspector. Balokbalok (Putat), PUlat, Bunducam, Calayo, Because of this shortage, a doctor's presence, Dayap, Maugat, Natipuan, Pantalan, Papaya, particularly in the outlying barangays, is rare. Utod and VVawa. Bucana, Cogonan and At the same time, because of poor Talangan were not reported as belonging to acccessibility, households in those areas find it either of the two districts. extremely difficult to bring their sick to health stations. Adding to the problem of shortages of In addition to public elementary schools, the medical personnel, is the inadequacy of National Barangay Operations Office (NBOO) medical supplies. The presence of barangay of the Department of Local Government (DlG) health workers has served to alleviate the reports two private schools in the poblacion problem but their effectiveness is hampered and one vocational school in Bucana. In not only by the lack of medical supplies but addition, Nasugbu is served by eight private also by inadequate training. Flooding (which is and public high schools located in Banilad, a major problem in the Poblacion as perceived Biliran, caylaway, Looc, Lumbangan, Mapalad by local residents) further serves to aggravate na Bata, Sitio Tala (Munting Indang) and health conditions. Tumalim. In other barangays, like VVawa, Tumalim and Of the two elementary school districts, the Baranga)' II, the lack of toilets was cited as a VVest District attracts significantly more major problem. In some other barangays, the students, mainly because its catchment areas lack of potable water contributed to health include the Poblacion and the surrounding problems. areas. In 1987-88, the Nasugbu VVest District ranked second among the 41 districts in terms Compared to the provincial rates, Nasugbu of enrollment while the East District ranked 101ll registered higher birth and death rates for only. Among the schools in the VVest District,

~~90 Nasugbu. Batangas Framework Plan (1990)~~

1989. Areas covered by RHU 2, especially, 3.4.4 Recreation had significantly higher rates. Actually, Nasugbu boasts of different types of In terms of maternal mortality, the most cited sports and recreational facilities, including causes were post partum hemorrhage / beaches, a billiard hall, a moviehouse, and hemorrhage, post partum eclampsia / others. This section, however, considers only eclampsia, and septicemia wherein only a basketball courts and playgrounds, for which minimal proportion of the population (pregnant standards are available, indicating a women)was affected. requirement for these facilities.

The above-mentioned problems of lack of Of the 42 barangays, Banilad and its adjacent potable water and toilet facilities, as well as, barangay, Tumalim, have the most number of flooding in different areas may have sports facilities. Banilad has three basketball contributed to the prevalance of diarrhea. The courts and four school playgrounds while leading causes of morbidity are poverty and Tumalim has five basketball courts and two lack of knowledge on personal hygiene and school playgrounds. Other barangays such as proper diet. This indicate the urgent need for Caylaway, Latag, and Lumbangan have a total basic facilities and more adequate health of six sports/recreational facilities. Contrary to services. what one migh~ expect, the barangays in the Poblacion have the least number of 3.4.3 Housing sports/recreational facilities among all the barangays. This is probably due to the Dwelling units are distributed among the availability of other recreational facilities in the various barangays as shown in the map. No area. The majority of these ball courts are not data on housing could be obtained from cemented, as required in the standards. They Nasugbu. Some information was gathered are, however, adequate, as far as area/number from the Provincial Capitol, but these were in relationto total population is concemed. insufficient for purposes of this analysis. The Nasugbu Comprehensive Development Plan 3.4.5 Police and Fire Protection (1982-1990) has figures for 1990 but these were estimated from the 1980 census. A Police Force stUdy made in 1988 by the National Barangay Operations Office provides information on The Policeforce of Nasugbu has not been able housing for ttlat period based on interviews of to keep up with the increase in population. In barangaycaptains. fact, between 1987 and 1990, while the population of Nasugbu has increased, its police Estimating the 1990 number of dwelling units force has decreasedin number. Thus, while in from 1988 data, and using the 1990 NSO 1987 Nasugbu had 41 policemen in its force, in Preliminary Count on the total households, the 1990, according to the MPDC, there are only data reflect a total of 11,650 dwelling units as 33, or a ratio of one policeman for every 2287 against a total household of 14,125, or an persons. This is more than double the estimated shortage of 2,475 dwelling units for standard of one policeman for every 1,000 1990. This figure includesthe squatters, which population. Aside from the municipal police were estimated at 2 percent, based on the force, private service men are employed by Nasugbu Comprehensive Development Plan. Central Azucarrera de Don Pedro, Roro Terminal, PISA and Foremost Investigation At the moment, there seems to be no major Agency, all of which are locatedin the densely problem in housing as far as f\i3sugbu is populatedareas of Nasugbu. concerned. The Comprehensive Development Plan states that single detached dwelling units At the barangaylevel, as of 1988 there were a constitute 94 percent of housing stocks, which total of 800 barangaytanods, fire brigades, and is a high percentage. The interviews patrol personnel. Among the barangays, conducted also did not reflect any major Tumalim and Putat had the most law enforcers problem except the increasing number of with 45 and 40 barangay tanod/fire brigades, squattersin the Poblacion, Wawa and Bucana. respectively. As stated above, this problem has already been consideredin the 1990 estimate.

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'l,ia' Z':"4¢' ;2';-!;O' MUNICIPALITY OF NASUGBU (!) NASUGBU CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK PLAN PROJECT ~~(~"(; 17; ~~:~I:OQO 'M: Y,P. PL.;.,.HINQ AN:) O£V£I..OP'MEN'T RESE.:.ftCH FOf"lNOA'T'I¢N INC. PROVINCE OF BATANGAS .. ""0 ";-':'..'('19$00 Ml1Nl(lF.1\' ;eVE!\NM£N'T OF NA$UGau Nasugbu, Batangas Fram~work Plan (1990)

In 1989, Nasugbu ranked 4th among the 34 H')Wever, most of the DPWH wells were municipalities in terms of the most number of abandoned due to lack of maintenance. crimes reported. In the same list, Nasugbu ranked highest in terms of crimes committed Depths of drilled wells range from 6 to 210 against a person (8.10%). At the barangay meters while dug wells have depths of 2 to 15 level (of the 144 crimes reported in 1988), meters. Well production is from 0.32-12 liters I Wawa had the highest record (17.36%) of second, and specific capacities range from 2 crimes reported, followed by Papaya with 0.12-3.25Iiterslm . 13.89% percent. Based on the present area COvered by the At present, the PC-INP in Nasugbu has NWD, it is most obvious that the distribution of programs to control during addiction and illegal piped water is inadequate. The water district vice. These programs properly address the should expand its connections inasmuch as its problems cited in the interviews where pumps can still supply other households with residents of Poblacion Barangays I, VIII and adequate water supply; it should also tap XII, cited problems of peace and order while additional wells and explore other potential Poblacion Barangays I, Vlll, IX, V, and X and sources of water supply to meet the future Biliran reported problems of drug addiction and demands of th~ whole municipality. other vices. Clearly, at this eariy stage Nasugbu has to increase its Police force not so 3.5.2 Power and Electricity much to meet the standard as to maintain peace and order and to control drug addiction. Power supply for the municipality is derived At the moment, the municipality needs 42 from the MAKBAN station of the National policemen to be able to effectively and Power Corporation (NPC) and served through adequately carry out its function. the facilities of the Batangas Electric Cooperative I (BATELEC I). Fire Protection Located at the municipality of cataca, Nasugbu has inadequate fire-fighting BATELEC I has a power generating capacity of personnel. There are only 12 firemen servicing 13,200 KWH which services about 79 percent the lone fire station, resulting in a ratio of one of the total number of barangays in the fireman for every 6288 persons. This is more municipality. than three times the standard of one fireman for every 2,090 popuiation. Nasugbu needs to The remaining barangays not serviced by augment its current firefighting force to about BATELEC I are predominantly located in the 38 personnel. Northem and Northeastern portion of the municipality, where the terrain is rugged and 3.5 Infrastructure mountainous, making access very limited.

3.5.1 Water Supply 3.5.3 Communications I Transportation Facilities Water supply for the municipality is serviced by the Local Water Utilities Administration (LWUA) Telephone services through the Nasugbu Water District (NWD). The NWD derives its present water supply from The municipality is being served by the two wells constructed by the then Bureau of privately owned Westem Batangas Telephone Public Works. The present sources, well System (WBTS·PLDT) whose main numbers 3 and 28 have a tested discharge of transmitting station is located at Miralles about 4 liters I second and 12 liters I second, Subdivision, Barangay Wawa. respectively. The scope of its service is very limited. For this At present the area coverage of the wells is reason, privately owned industrial companies limited to Barangay Wawa and the 12 (like the central Azucarera de Don Pedro) and barangays comprising the Poblacion. resorts (Batulao Resort) operate their own telephone system. Other areas not covered by the piped water system obtain their water supply from

~~93 PHILIPPINE; PLANNING JOURNAL VofsXXVI (2) & XXVII (1). April-October 1995~~

Telegraph poblaclon is primarily by tricycles and pedicabs which can easily negotiate the narrow and Telegraph services in the municipality are unpaved thoroughfares. operatedby the Bureau of Telecommunications (BUTEL) with its radio transmitter located Being a coastal town, travel by water vessels within the municipal compound along J.P. and craft along the stretch of the coastal areas Laurel Street; and complemented by RCPI, a is possible. However, the absence of a well private entity, whose office is located on the developed seaport or terminal inhibits the same street about 2-4 blocks away from development of sea travel and trade on a BUTEL. commercial scale.

It must be kept in mind that the development of Road Network the municipality to its full potential will be seriously hampered unless vital The total length of roads in the municipality is telecommunications facilities, such as its 183.28 kilometers, broken down into four telephone and telegraph systems, undergo categories namely: National Roads, Provincial urgent expansion and modernization. Roads, Municipal Roads and Barangay Roads. Postal Services The general road network condition is poor. Of Postal service is provided for by the Bureau of the total roads in the municipality only 10 Posts, with its offICe located at the municipal percent are of all-weather concrete. Twenty building, and a sub-office located at barangay two percent (22%) are asphalt while the Lumbangan along the NationalHighway. remaining are either gravelled or earth filled. Mobility within the municipality Is limited, most To meet the standards of 1 letter carrier per specially in the outskirts and peripheral areas. 5,000 population, there should be at present 15 Perennial flooding further aggravates the letter carriers serving the whole municipality. situation making most of the barangay roads The current number of mail carriers is impassable during the rainy period. This sorry inadequate. Thus, there is a need to augment state of roads limiting access is the primary the postal service staff to achieve an effective reason that deters the development of the and efficient postal service. municipality.

Broadcast and print media are available to the 3.5.4 Drainage and Sewerage municipality due to its proximity to Metro Manila. The municipality lacks a well planned drainage and sewerage system as evident in its present TransportationFacilities system which is rather crude and inadequate. This is aggravated by perennial floods, one of Land transportation terminals in the the predominant problems prevalent municipality are concentrated mostly within the throughout the municipality. A good number of Poblacion (Barangay I). The presence of a the barangays rely on small creeks and canals private bus firm, the Batangas Laguna Tayabas as their drainage and seweragechannels. The Bus Company (BLTB Co.) constitutes the Poblacion meanwhile, has a series of open major mode of land transport service in ferrying tranches/canals along its road network. commuters to and from the municipality, and to However, both of these systems have a natural different points like Metro Manila and other tendency to overflow dUring heavy downpours adjacent municipalities (trips are on an hourly due to their limited capacity to contain and frequency). channel run off rainwater. It is imperative that an efficient and effective municipal-wide Augmenting this, are the public utility jeeps (or drainage I sewerage system be planned and jeepneys) whose terminals are also developed in line with the development of its concentrated within the Poblacion. The road network. jeepneys route is somewhat limited due to the municipality's poor road network condition. 3.5.5 Irrigationand Flood Control This mode of transportation serves as a major means of travel to other municipalities within The municipality has two main irrigation the province of Batangas. Travel within the systems, namely, the Palico River Irrigation

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ltC-:a' t2:~·4~· MUNICIPALITY OF NASUGBU NASUGSU CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK PLAN PROJECT c~~,~~ ..-ilPUUt'\': I .."_... •• I .... PROVINCE OF BATANGAS v.p. PL.ANNiNG ;....0 CItVELOPMEHT REstARCH I""CUNOAllCN INC. MUH'CUt;. ... '$OV!RNM(~" e, NA$UGSV JUl..y'1190 I J System *"nd the teee communal Il'I"iptIon ~f(i lliat;';';'i'~)" ...il!:;;:~'';,"',:·, ",,:~j :fiji Regist!)' of Projeet. The former derivesits water from the ,,"tit. PalicoRiverand I1n a potential servicearea of 852 hectareI. while the lattar utllitiel Looe River n its Mtter source and hal a potential serviceaM of 300heetllIres. A ~ with sum Commercial aetivltifi or the municipality are ~es. TheUl proJem:<;:,J r.;.~l,lj~wlII concentrated mostly in the reconstruded $&M U iii ~"if fIJI' th~ j\)fmJ.:lation of policy Nasugbu PublicMarket(the old OMwas gutted guidelines wt;icn 't-,ll be j)fli:Sented in the down by a fire in March 1981). Four years in conell.lding <.hepler of thl$report. operation (since December 1985) after its reconstruction. it hal a total of 484 staIII 4.1 PopulaiiOO F'rQj$Ciiollli offering a combination of wetand dry goods. eased on the 1f.lQO population and the use of This widerange of goods option invites patrons the growth ,.>;;- from 1980 to 1990. the not only from the local bamngays, but also populmiol't of Naal,l~l'tlJ wa~ p:ojected for five from nearbymunlcipaliliM like Uan, calatagan year periods l.li} tv thfII Yltalf 2015. These and Tuy. ~ are base.d on Wflstant trends and do not take imo oonsicl8ritU",;l :wctl processes 3.5.7 Administration BuIdlng as induitliallutkltl .1'hl(.:h would attrac:t population into the am and pt,Is$ibly alter the The admi~ buDding compound of the rate of popuimion growth. The population of municipality is locatedat the comerof Escalera Nasugbu will reach 95,659 in the year 2000, Street and J.P. t...aureI streal Just acn')SI are and 136,530by 2016. the town pIam and the Nuugbu West Oisttk:l Elementary SChool, whlfe adjacentat its rearis Unlessintervention meuures are introduced to the parish dlureh and convent. It was alter the pattern, tthi POPUlation densities of the established in 1951 with a total land aM of PobIaeion. Bucsne, Lumbangan. Pamelan. and 7.270.8 rr(l. The compound accommodates 17 Talangan will j)ftlgl'eaively Increase. main offices of the municipal, provlneiaI and nationalgovernments. 4.2 Projection of Agrlmiltural Requirements

The two storey main buDding houses the ,. will be noted tnat in terms of f'ice pmdudlon fOllowing: . alone, an additional 3,116.29 h~ have to be pianted to Jice. if Nasl.Igbu has to be self· suffic:iant by the ytjar 2000 Givan presentlevels of prOOudion. The ~l"Id requirement riIo to Bureau ofPout 6,451.00h~ by the year2015. Sureau ofII'ItllImeI Revem.Ie Municlpel TteaIUI'8l"& Olftce Office of..~PIannlng The land requirements WlX.ild be much lower. and Development CoordlMtar however. If additional he~res of l'ieeland are imgatac.. la1id r£fQ'-Iltemenb {to achieve rice ~ levels} woYla {j~e to 2.862.49 Other municipal offices within the compound hectare.. by the year 2000. and to 5,327.10 if indude those of the Municipal Agriculturilt, 00. aS$ume~ thflt an liidditlornll450 hectaresof Municipal AsMSsor. Munleipal Engineer, l1t»land arG irngat&t! in 1995 and the year Municipal Ubrery and the Rural Health Unit I. 2000. The National OffIces are the InteQrated National Police Headquartel'$, ComeIec Oftice, The addltiQnall<;;fjtl r~qwrern.ntl for the other Local Bureau of Telegraph Govemment omce. agileultuFeI prcxl\Jcts aNJ mucn smaller. To Nasugbu, Batangas Framework Pian (1990)

achieve self-sufficiency by the year 2000, an requirements are based on the projected needs additional 41.20 hectares of land are required of the catChment areas of each of the RHUs for com, 376.40 hectares for rootcrops, and and the corresponding RHU category for the 660.17 hectares for vegetables. By the year projected population size of the area. 2015, the land requirements for these products will rise to 136.57 hectares for corn, 541.49 The present bed capacities of the three hectares for root crops and 950.78 for hospitals need not be increased for the vegetables. duration of the planning period. It should be emphasized, however, that this is based on a Nasugbu has substantial hectarage of constant rate of population growth. uncultivated lands which are suitable for agriculture, particularly for rice production. It is The need for additional RHU personnel doubtful, however, whether the municipality suggests the need for additional health could find the necessary resources to develop stations, especially in areas where there are these lands in the near future. For this reason, none. Primary health and emergency it is imperative that other means for enhancing services, in particular, should be made agricultural production be fully explored. These accessible. In the interviews conducted, the include the improvement of production lack of health centers was cited as a major technology as well as construction of additional problem in the barangays of Poblacion II irrigation facilities. As previously indicated, (Munting Indang and Maugat). Health stations only 28.84 percent of ricelands in Nasugbu is should be provided in strategic areas so that all irrigated partly accounting for the relatively low barangays will have access to one. rice production in the municipality. 4.4 Classroom Needs Table 3. Agricultural Expansion Areas (hI.) Nasugbu.1990 A major problem met in the projection of needs was the absence of 1990 data on age Agricultural Crope existingLand Suitable Ar_ for distribution of the population in both the I Uses Aarl.Prod'n . Rice 2486.0 6899.4 municipal and barangay levels. For this Com 182.0 1396.0 reason, a trend for the 1980-90 decade could 'V 20.0 1188.0 not be set. What was done was to project the I Sugarcane 6065.0 6984.9 1990 data based on the 1980 municipal age structure, using a total population data for 1990. The Sprague mUltiplierwas then applied to break the age brackets into chronological The importance of the immediate ages with corresponding frequencies. To implementation of pipeline projects in irrigation determine the classrooms required at the becomes evident, particularly of the rice barangay level, the frequencies under each requirement projections. age level was proportionately distributed among the different barangay schools, using Similar efforts must be exerted 10 Improving the same proportion in the 1989-90 enrollment poultry production in the municipality. The reports for each age and grade level. The town's deficiency would rise to 245,548.80 participation rate used in the projections was kilograms by the year 2000, and 376,336.00 100 percent to determine the maximum kilograms by the year 2015, should current classrooms and land are required for the production levels be maintained. planning period.

~~4.3 Projected Health Needs 4.5 Housing Needs~~

Normally each municipality is provided with For purposes of the projections, the 1990 figure only one Rural Health Unit (RHU) but with for total households was used, as provided by varying staff size depending on the size of the the NSO Preliminary Count. However, no data population. Two RHUs, however, fit the health on total number of dwelling units for 1990 was services needs of Nasugbu not only because of available. The latest available figure was from increasing population but equally because of the NBOO Study in 1988, which was the wide geographic area of coverage and the disaggregated on the barangay level and inaccessibility of some of the barangays, therefore fitted the requirements of the especially during the rainy season. Health projections. To arrive at the 1990 estimate, a

97 PHILIPPINEPLANNINGJOURNAL Vo/s.XXVI (2) & XXVII (1), ApriI-Oetob&r 1995 construction cate of 2 percent per year was year' period. Thus, the figures for 1995, for used. Allowance was made, however, for the 2 instance, represent the total number of dwelling percent barong·barong stated in the Nasugbu units that will be required in each barangay Development Plan. This was taken as an from 1991 to 1995 due to additional estimate of the number of existing squatters households formed during this period. who will need to be relocated. Thus, instead of using a factor of 4 percent for a two-year period 4.6 Protective Manpower I Facilities (1988-1990), only 2 percent was used. Requirements

After having made allowances for the squatters The standard used to estimate the number of in the 1990 estimate, the projections that follow firetrucks required is one firetruck for every consider the current and future households that 20,000 population. All standards used were need housing. Households, instead of family derived from the Sectoral Guidelines prepared nuclei, were' used in the projection because bytheMHS. extended families are generally accepted and practiced in the Philippines. Besides, nuclear Appropriate structures will have to be built to families that constitute households were also house the additional firetrucks, based on counted under th~ definition. For purposes of existing standards. Similarly, additional projecting households, projected future policemen will require additional space. population was divided by average households Unfortunately, because of lack of information size. Following the esttem from 1980 to 1990 regarding existing police outposts, projections in Batanga~, the average household size used cannot be made as of the moment. was decreased by 0.2 every ten years. 4.7 Projections on Recreational Facilities The usual formula for housing need is an estimate of how many houses will need to be The projections that follow are based on built, considering the backlog and the future standards of one basketball court for every needs; backlog being defined in terms of 5,000 population with an ideal size of 0.8 number of doubled up families and of hectare On the other hand, the projection for unacceptable dwelling units and the future the children's play area are based on a needs in terms of new families and houses that standard of 0.4'hectare- per 1,000 population. will need to be replaced due to obsolescence. The requirement for the conceptual plan, Although the barangays in the Poblacion have however, is to estimate land requirements for the least number of basketball courts (on the housing, which is not the same as housing basis of the projected population of its need. For instance, there is no need to barangays), there is no need for additional estimate the number of housing to be replaced courts at least until the year 2015. because these houses are already sitting on land. The unacceptable dwelling units are also However, from year ,1990 to 2015, due to the sitting on land and only the structures will need increasing population, there is a tendency for to be replaced. However, there could be a other barangays to require additional courts need to allocate land for squatters since they beyond 2015. Likewise, majority of the will need to be relocated in case the landowner barangays will require additional spaces for decides to use the place of land for other children's playground areas beyond the year purposes. There are cases, of course, where 2015. the landowner decides to sell the landto the government in favor of the squatters. The projections also do not take into consideration V. DEVELOPMENT SCHEMES the annual construction rate of housing units because even these units will need land, and 5.1 Nasugbu Within the Framework of the projections are meant to reserve land for all Provincial and Regional Growth future housing units that will need to be constructed. 5.1.1 CALABARZON and Its Role in Development It should be emphasized that on projected housing needs, all figures listed beyond 1990 CALABARZON refers to the fIVe provinces of represent the number of houses that will be cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal and Quezon needed over the immediately preceding five- which strategically envelops Metropolitan

~~98 Nasugbu, Batangas Framework Plsn(1990)~~

Manila. The Regional Development Council of The province of Batangas in general and Southem Tagalog envisions CALABARZON Nasugbu in particular, being agriculture-based, core to serve as a catalyst to stimulate the will pursue programs aimed at increasing its agro-industrial development of the whole agricultural productivity. This stance may be region. Supportive of the Country-side Agro gleaned from the list of agricultural Industrial Development Framework, development projects identified for CALABARZON was identified as the site of the implementation, namely: (a) integratedbroiler Northem Industrial Core - a component of the breeding project, (b) integrated cattle proposed industrial core network of the production, (c) rice production program, (d) country. vegetable production program, (e) fruits and beverage processing, (f) com and sorghum In line with the nationaland regionalObjectives, production, (g) supplementary food crop the goals of the CALABARZON Development production, (h) food terminal project, (I) farm Project are as follows: mechanization program, (j) cooperative promotion development, and (k) irrigation a) To enhance the income levels of the rural developmentproject amongothers. areas by creating employment opportunities in primary agriculture, agro-processing and Endowed with many scenic, cultural and service activities, as well as increasing historical spots, the province realizes the great productivity in agriculture; economic potentials of its tourism industry. The province has identified several programs b) To sustain high levels of growth led by the to ensure successin projectingitself as a major industrialsector which will be internationally tourist destination. Examples of these are the competitive, attaining a stronger industrial Parador Development Program, the Resort structure and inducing related service Village Crafts Promotion Program and the activities; upgrading of both public and private beach resorts. c) To promote more equitable development, avoiding the operation of the urban poor The province is also sponsoring several major and squatters, uplifting the rural poor from public works projects in order to improve both poverty, and realizinga better distributionof rural accessibility as well as inter and intra population and economicwealth; and provincial connections. Massive rehabilitation, improvement and upgrading efforts are being d) To create a better human environment and done on existing telecommunications facilities increase social capacityfor development by to provide the province with an efficient protecting I enhancing the natural communications network. A long term human environment, improving the provisions of resource development program is being physical infrastructure and social services prepared to address the manpower demands and incorporating socio-cultural values in of the various establishments that are expected project planningand implementation. to be put up in the province. An ecosystems managementsystem is also being designedfor 5.1.2 Batangas Province and Its Role in implementation to obviate any irreparable CALABARZON environmental damage that mayor may have resulted from irresponsible economic behavior As stated in the above goals and objectives, or harmful industrialoperations. the province of Batangas being the lead province of the Project and Batangas City as 5.1.3 The Role of Nasugbu in Relation to an alternate growth center to Metro Manila will Provincialand Regional Growth providebenefitsto its constituents. In line with the present govemment's thrust of The province, which includes Nasugbu, will decentralization and industrialization, benefit from the implementation of package Nasugbu's resources may be tapped to type programs, i.e., the conversion of the encourage both local and foreign investors to Batangas port into an international port of focus on agro-based industrialactivities as well entry, the development of Taal Lake as a as tourism. source of domestic water supply and the developmentof the long and pristine -coastline The municipality of Nasugbu in the context of into tourism areas, amongothers. the framework of Satangas has been

99 PHIUPPINE PLANNING JOURNAL VoIsXXVI (2) &XXVII (1), ApriJ-October 1995 considered by various government agenaes well as prime agricultural areas which and private organizations to be a suitable area traditionally serve as the main source Of for tourist attraction and economic sustenance and livelihood of local opportunities. Several on-going projects and communities. programs, like the Hacienda Looc Land Use Plan being funded by USAID, are aimed to help One distinct advantage that this scheme the government through APT in disposing of possesses is its greater likelihood of being the Looc property in a manner that is politically. implemented since it involves minimal change bureaucratically and financially feasible and in the existing land use pattern. Also, it attractive to private investors and developers requires minimum government intervention. alike. The Department of Tourism (DOT) in connection with the Tourism Development Plan 5.2.2 Unear Corridor Pattern have just launched the teee-Taal Tourism Development Program. As mentioned eartier This could be considered as a modification of the following projects have been envisioned to the "sprawl," and represents a deliberate support the program to ensure that the tourism planned expansion of the Poblacion and other potentials of Nasugbu and Batangas province population centers along the main are maximized: (a) concreting of roads; communication I transportation routes. (b) Resort Village Crafts Promotion; (c) Taal Restoration and Parador; and (d) upgrading of The objective is to create new activity centers public and private resorts. as new fOCt'I points of growth along the main lines of conjmunica~ion/transportation instead The province and the municipality of Nasugbu of allowing for a continuous and uncontrolled deem these infrastructure and other "sprawl." This scheme helps to decongest the developmental projects as important poblacion and population centers by creating underpinnings to their development efforts in new reception areas for dispersing industry, the context of its role in the CALABARZON commerce and households. sub-region and Region IV as a whole. This type of urban pattern is evidently rigid due 5.2 Altemative Development Schemes to it's dependency on the course of the road network; its dire effect is such that it impedes 5.2.1 Natural Growth Pattern the smooth flow of traffic (road capacity is inflexible) and limits road-widening capabilities Otherwise known as "sprawl," this form of for future demand. An over extended linear development has a similarity with the idea of development necessitates an economical run development that merely follows past trends of utilities. (i.e., expansion of the poblacion and other population centers are left to its natural To achieve and maintain suCh pattern requires tendency or pattern). effective land use control mechanisms to keep areas outside the selected corridor under low Since this pattern maintains the 'status quo' as density development, or as agricultural to the urban pattern of the municipality, production areas and open spaces. wherein the primary services and opportunities are concentrated on the Poblacion, existing 5.2.3 Single-centered Growth Strategy major routes linking it with the other barangays are to be upgraded into all-weather concrete This pattern could be considered as a roads to ensure and enhance access. The "controlled" modifICation of the "sprawl" wherein development of road along the coastline will the existing urban center, the Poblacion, is provide the link between the coastal barangays chosen as the most viable growth center where and the Poblacion. development is concentrated. Expansion areas, being contiguous, are planned and Initial advantages brought about by this directed with linkages of access to the core. scheme, like the decongestion of the poblacion and maximizing the use of roads, are offset by The advantages of this Scheme are in its certain undesirable consequences in the long economical provision of utilities and facilities run. In effect, it gives rise to a land use pattern throughout the area, the preservation of land which tend to wipe out potential areas or sites resources for other uses, and the containment for planned urban/industrial development, as of urban sprawl.

100 ~~:", wltli s,~u!·~s. oppon,;I,:t&~ a.'%t ctnef VI. PLANO AS THE PREFERRED MttIemGnt acti'l:lt~$: i~.Il&~ (!n ~n€· ~ob:~r.:im\ oeveLOPMENT SCHEME ~ ~I'",ttjng 3tf~1 :,:.'ll,;1~: ;';f, »~,$!: : ,·:;'!!<;::"itv.m, ?~ ft;~lf~ :~:r;tk41M': .1 't-\' tr,'(:> '~;,,;:!er.lOl~ '&.1 Rationale for tie PLANO !1U the higi'litit ';l)m~it.t i!'l ~!lfj '~o!. \~Ity ;~i'Id 'l~:' 'i'!1~r,!. ;$ tp ~1...."itll"1J{II !or The four developmW sehemM ~ in ',~. ne'lCi 25 ~(t, • ;1,,,, pn~);~'l''f1~!')'j.', glVl!~ 1'1" the ptWious nptlr Mre formulated and ~~ the primtey ~f iflft '~:;.!. i '~refl (1M, ·Hith t~t't dHignad by the planntng team baed on the ~ influx Cf !;"I!1;-1'1l';·iF.. !.;,,;,;;~Ul;'lt 8l'!d ~ of da and intormation. and in fJver tne.~i~ prs~~.l; -,~ i:l·"\.;!,'j,:"i b>O{),Jt on tM ~ with re~ of various ~ inframctur~, iM'I:J ,.n::;,i5$ periOO~ ~ or the community during the planning ~$ it's t!lC ar:~i*fl(.:V. prooen. It took into ~ion the physical, ~ emriro~ and fo eftdllefJ J~v;>\ 1!11~ p~tGm of ~ aspects or each ~ent ,jevelcpmel'lt ~i'ld ute eontr'C'll .f:d ~ ICheme. ~~l$ wit: MV& te rnt emOfr;::1!.t This trIlJSt be ~nt"lr! ';.ft;,h ~l:oplMnt The demative dewlopment ~ werllt of an ~t road n~r,\."01·1'l' withll"'; ,!'tiai gm\\lth oft'ldaIfy presented to the loeali govamment eenterfor intetnet ClroullMtion Qn(l tile ~n ot'fidale, ~ or the venous line of ill ~~jlt Tn. gmwth eeme....s agencies operating in the municipality, .. well link to the "* of the oef'ang8Y' within the as or the private Mdor. After lengthy mun~ is an eff~lve and ~ ~ on the advantagHl~ges communlcdonI wneportation ~. of each tchetM. the group ~ded PLANO (Planned Aru for New 0ewI0pm4mt) 1$.2.4 PlANOAI'N Develo!Jm&l'It .. the auItabIe ~ ~ for the ~. ThIs ~, in b with ~nwlimion, ~ the dew~t of four ~ 8.2 oetineation or PLANO Area growth potrb ~Iy ~ within the munidpatity. TheM arus al'8 IIin"Ied at Contiguous ~ ~together crutlnO polnt$ suit8ble and ~ for to fonn a PlANO on the or poputatlon, ftmptoyment, commen::iai. social and dominant economic aetMty, topography, and ~ ~ and $U~ted by ~ in oen«al. As a rauIt. the f~ and infmtructul'e for various foIIowtng ...... delineated u PiANOs: ~. This PIttem wiD provide Improved &CClJ* to ~ f'lrcugh the.@~ of PLANO.: PLANDIt the four ma,ior growth polnti. ~ Putat Aga The ItRttegy envisions the (:Of'lglometation of Buc8na Poblacion BImIad the 42 ~ into tow' CIUSksf'l, with each ~ Talangan 8iInn dusw having an identified 0f'0'WIh <*tt«. Cogonan Utod ~ These four dultln are to be linkad by a Dayap WIIIft CayriIao networt of J'OIIds thus enhancing mobilitywithin t.umbangan Mataa na Pule thfll whola mun\CiplBty ~nd promoting a more ~ Reparo partiQpatiw devatJopman¥ in 11 ~ PantaIan Tumallm nnIIagricuIturat ialq. PlANOm: PlANDtv: Certain growth PQin~ (If. ill and IV) have development ~ on the ~d area; Butucan Maugat ~lhan this exhibits a S~$! e~~lii when sociC) eat8ndun Muntll"lQ if'ldang CaIayo poItica~ rathw thM M:Ollom!c, faetont are latag Looc given key COMkfefldlon iO j)lefu..ing. MaIapad na Bato Papaya

~~101 ~ E~~

0*40' JW.,. la~O" J i I'l1 ~ PLANNED' AREA DEVELOPMENT s soar» CHINA SEA ~ LEGEND G) PIl'C¥IItCILI. liIO'tJf«'.~RY. ••••••• .. (s ",a,oWte'PAl. eooNDAJ('(. ••• • 8J;.RLNtAY IOVHOA"Y. ••• c:: Cl,.'''ST-ElIt 100000ARV ••••• ~ e.,;,l,"(JIt M.!M.efR ••••••• I ;e

~~~ (J PROVINCF; OF CAVIT£ <,'j>;'"",,, ett,i-:'IIOs. £ ••• , ••• • ~ CONCRITE R(lAO(Al.l,.'\NItATMIIl ...... _____ ~ ~ llo ~ ~ .... ~ 2 16) "\?-~~

~~$Ol/TH CHINA SEA ii~~

~~lU,ftlUflUY~~

~~"UN. OF TVY~~

~~$' .,. @ NASUGBU CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK PLAN PROJECT MUNICIPALITY OF NASUGBU .C~LI l:lQOAOO .... .~ll!!__ ~_ ~ PROVINCE OF BATANGAS ..It"J."lnU.P. PL..tNNJNG." ;'Nl) ttV£!..CP'-'lENT RESEs-ItCH FOUNO.-.TlOH INC. MUNICiPAL GO....tR!'.Mt~T eF NA$1)GSU .:...:l..y'tstO Nasugbu, Batangas Framework Plan (1990)

6.3 Major Roles of PLANOArea the production of these staples will be concentrated in this area. To the extent 6.3.1 PLANO I feasible, additional irrigation facilities will likewise be constructed in appropriate sites. With the poblacion as its center, PLANO I shall serve as the leading urban zone of Nasugbu. 6.3.4 PLANO IV As such, the central business district, from which major goods and commodities shall be PLANO IV is especially noted for its tourism distributed, will be located in this area. potentials. It will, therefore, be designated as Government services and urban functions the leading tourism zone of the municipality. (e.g., health, police, fire protection, education) The development of tourism in this area is shall also be centrally administered and particularly opportune in view of the approved delivered from this area, although smaller construction of the highway along the coast service points will be made available as well in which will improve access to Nasugbu from other barangays of the municipality. PLANO I other parts of Satangas and the province of will likewise serve as the main residential area Cavite. Efforts will, therefore, be exerted in of Nasugbu. developing the various sand beaches and coves along the coast, as well as improve the 6.3.2 PLANO II various tourist facilities in the municipality.

PLANO II shall be the leading agro-industrial 6.4 Population Projections zone of Nasugbu. Consistent with the overall thrusts of the proposed framework plan for the Following the delineation of the barangays municipality, emphasis will be given to the under each PLANO, Table 4 provides the delineation of specific sites for employment population projections for each PLANO in five generating, agro-related industrial activities in year intervals up to the year 2015. order to provide forward linkage to Table 4. Actual and Projected Population and Density byPlAND Area agricultural products. Nasugbu, 1990 ·2015 As a complementary activity, agricultural Total PLAHD 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Land production will AREA I likewise be AntI PLANO I ~.OO enhanced jn this PopIAation 4~.00 476n.54 53679.87 80438.24 58047.52 76814.10 area through the Den8ilY 8.57 7.39 8.32 9.37 10.55 11.88 cultivation and PI.AND II 8074.00 development of PorluI8lion 18637.00 20983.48 23625.09 28599.62 29948.51 33719.08 Density 2.31 2.80 2.93 3.29 3.71 4.18 additional land for PlANO III 5062.00 agricultural crops. Population 7208.00 8113.28 9134.65 10284.75 11579.62 13037.49 Additional sites will Den8ilY 1.42 1.80 1.80 2.03 2.29 2.58 also be designated in PlANO IV 8048.00 PoDul8Iion 7273.00 8188.70 9219.58 10380.37 11687.28 13158.71 this area for Density 0.90 1.02 1.15 1.29 1.45 1.64 residential purposes, TOTAL 27833.00 mainly for PoDuIalion 75462.00 84962.98 95858.99 107702.98 121282.93 136529.97 government Density 2.73 3.07 He 3.90 4.39 4.94 employees and industrial workers.

6.3.3 PLANO III VII. PLANNING GUIDELINES AND RECOMMENDATIONS PLANO III has been identified as having substantial agricultural land resources which 7.1 Development Principles are especially suitable for rice and com production. This area will, therefore, be a) The principle of social equity shall underlie designated as the leading agricultural zone of the social, economic, and physical Nasugbu. In the light of the municipality's development of Nasugbu. Consistent with deficiency in rice and com, the development its principle, social and economic policies and cultivation of additional agricultural land for shall be intended to uplift the socio-

103 eoonomic conditions of the poor, bring ~t&d in· e~" PlANO ac:eordlng to about ti more eq\.li1able distribution of existing standJrds. PlAND I shall follow wellth, and promote a better quality of life the $tanGaro .:>rI~ policeman for every for everyOM. In phy$lcat tefm$, social 500 population for jfmji-urbanlad ... equfiy shall be 1r8rn.tatH imo accessltMiity. and PLANDs Ii, ill, and IV shall follow the Physicai development shall, the~, seek atanc:iliro of o."e p~ieaman ff¥ every 1,000 to promote ~,sjbility pal'ticullllrly in those population. arMS whld'larefarfrom the cemer. It shell also ~'deaVO!.lr to ~nive at a more c) The ftm station shaii remain in the equitable dlstfibution of physical facHities in Pobiacion but a slJb.lt~on shail be located all areas to promote tater delivery of m eec:h Qf the three PiANOs where a services. fllWl.lck I fire fighting equipment shalf be permanently hoUMa. b) Although development is intended for al~ s~al attention sl'llllil be given to the poor. d) A centrally located open·space for The interest of the poor shalf not be recreatiOnal anCI other related actMtles of $~rificed to Hrve the int~ of ott'lara. aul ages Ind family groups Ihall be The poor shail not be pllllced in a \IIJOf'H delineated in each PlANO. It shall contain condition than they already are at any time facilities for both awe and paulve during and after the implementation of the ~Ion and a cemer fot ~l events Plan. like festivals, holiday celebrations end community affairs. The facilWes wi c) Development ahall also be geerea towards lnd&.lde plray courts, open apacu for a more rational distributlon of population to informat plray/gllfMS, and a pal1t area for avoid over-urbanlzation and the problems sitting. In 1Cktltion, preservat~ aUendarlt to it ... consisting of natural environment «eel or hlstOl1eallculturai sites shall be d) The environment is an invaluable resource. ldentlfied for each PLANO to enrich the Developrnent efforts shail, therefore, be ~lt!Jl'aI flfe ofthe residence. guidedby the goal of preserving the quality of the envltonment The short-and long- e) The coverage of the exiStIng RHUs shal be tenn d~ of the eoosyatem can made to COtT'Mpond to the PLANO. A . never be justlfled, no matter how gr&et the medical facility shall be made avaHable In immediate benefitswhich maybe derived. each PLANO where medical personnel can mab ragular visits. At the very lest, a 7.2 Social~ Sedor nurae shall be ~ at aH times in this facitity, assisted by a midwife, particularly In In the pursuit of equity in the social sector, cases wh.... medical f8ciiItiQ and HrviclM social s~ faeiities snell be made are not l'Ndl!y available within the limits of accessible to every resident of Nesugbu. To the PLANO. achievethis end, basic $OCiai HNiclM fadlitiU shall be made available on the level of the f) An Interdenominatiooal chapel wll be Planned Aru forNewDevelopment (PlANO). located in udl PlANO for religiOUS $$!'Vices. a) An elementary tOOooC shall serve each banmgray and a pubic high school shaH be g) Adequate houllng shall be made avalleb.. located centtalIy in eachPLANO to HNe all for ail incomegroup, by the private sector, barangays belonging to It As theM high the government, or jointlybY. both. Housing schools are construc:ted, the rooms which I financing ~ges shaH be prepared to are now being used for ~ry meet the ~'l ~ of the poor. educatiClf"l $hall revert to their originally intended use. Tertiary edueatloo shell 1.2 LaMIJH and the economic sector continue to be made aveilable largelyin the PobJacion for the duration of the plenning In the light of the essentlatly agricultural baH period. ofNasugbu's economy, effortsmustbe exerted in enhancing egricultural productivity, with b) The pOlice _lion shall remain in the pa(tlc:uler ~ on the achievement of HIf.. PoOladon. Sub-stations shail, however, be sufficiency in rice produdlon. As shown In the

104 preceding analysis, Nasugbu has a large allocated for com is about 1316 hectares, deficiency in rice production Which is ironic'for situated in PLANO areas 1\ and IV; for a municipality which has wide tracts of vegetables and citrus, land allocation is about uncultivated agricultural lands suitable for rice 1188 hectares, situated In PLANO areas I and production, as well as large bodies of water IV; while for coconut plantations, it is about which can be tapped for irrigation purposes 1948 hectares, predominantly situated in Although two major irrigation projects are PLAND area II. currently in the pipeline, these would be Insufficient to devefop the full agricultural Also in line with the predominantly agricultural potential of the municipality. Achievement of base of the town's economy, and consistent this policy would thus entail a two-pronged with the overall thrusts of the provincial and effort: regional development plans, efforts in the establishment of agro-reiated industries must a) the development of uncultivated agricultural similarly be intensified. Except for two agri land for riee production, especially in business concerns in the municipality (ail PLANO Area II, Ill, and IV. focused in PLANO area I), industrial and manufacturing activitieS in the municipality are b) placing under irrigation existing rieelands negligible. Agro-related industries that are which are currently non-irrigated. Irrigation particularly appropriate for Nasugbu would facilities are particularly needed in PLANO include those related to the development of the Area III. town's tourist industry.

A total of approximately 6899.40 hectares As implied above, the municipality's tourism situated in PLANO units II, III and IV are to be potential must also be fully developed. In utilized for rice production purposes. particular, the sand beaches and coves along the coastline in PLANO Area IV must be Land allocated for sugarcane production has deciared as a tourism zone. Such a policy the priority in terms of area outlay due to the guideline is particularly significant in the light of fact that the sugar industry has been the major the approved construction of the highway along the coast which would make the proposed Table 5. Proposed land Use forHas.,1. tourism zone more accessible from the poblacion and the province of Cavite. h LandUle Am(l1ij·l~ i PfJIHDUllilis 297.9. ! Mountainous and rugged areas allocated for r ~Areas forest and nature reserves total approXimately 7405.80 hectares scattered in PLANO areas II, III and IV. It is envisioned that the lumber 1188.0 supply which is to come from these forests are 1948.0 to be strictly regulated and monitored for local 319.5 -"1.' ~ +_-,7-:<;405;n.8 (municipal) use only, so as to preserve the 342.9~ municipality's fast dwindling forests for future 8111.9 ...... J generations. Areas already denuded are to be .-=irn"==-----f--...... -., 128.7 ! t...-...=.:.:.=...... L.-- 27633.0--=-": declared as rehabilitation/sanctuary areas until such a time as regeneration has taken place. As a supplement, land allocated for the source of livelihoQd for the municipality in the prop2gation of bamboo, which is indigenous in past and will continue to be so until the period the locality, has been conceived with an when the municipality shall have developed to approximate area of 319.50 hectares situated its full potential. Predominantly situated in in PLANO It It is deemed thai this will supply PLANO areas I and II; it has a total of 6894.90 the local needs for bamboo as well as hectares. augmenting the overall lumber supply for various purposes. As a supplement, areas devoted to com, vegetables, citrus and coconut have been A totsl of 297.!::lO 'hectares has been allocated incorporated to further enhance the for four PLAND unit centers. Strategical/y municipality in self-sufficiency in the area located, each center shall be comprised of where food staples are cencerned. Land settlemenllresidential areas and the various

~~105 i 91 ''''''e' .,o:~_ IIII~~

~~PROPOSED LAND USE MAP LEG2NO i $OVfH CHINA SEA ~ GQG>VIlI'r ••• , •~~

~~'fl,~E •••••• , 5 !lV'$.tIl •• , ••• s 'T1)t,;lit,e. ..~ :tCI,($ ~~~

'~;:,..J: if:4.. PROVINCE QF' (:.11117£ l"C$tlS"t 1..~O •• i ei:.MeOo ...... ~ eoltn ~ •• ~ .. ~ . . . . :is} FMh{PQWO$ • .. . ~ ... P;.Afltt;to ..tllllA l)Jt1~$, "" \tU,tT41l1I.t,.~n·Iu.\jl: .. Ilillillll ~ ~ ..... >- 8 i.!> ""' St>UTH CHINA SEA Ii

~~/lMJUl!4UWlUfr~~

~~M\tN. OF TVY~~

....';....ee- ~~'4t;· ~i~ MUNICIPALITY OF NASUGBU NASUGBU CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK PLAN PROJECT ·"u·... ~~ •• : PROVINCE OF BATANGAS V.P. l'\.,tNNtlt4 AU!) ct:V£t.ePM(NT RUJIAftCw FOt,lNCATfON tHC, M\JtHel~M. ~V£JltkM!N;T ':if' "'''$.UGI!U JUt.Y f~"O Nasugbu, Batangas Frameworl<. Pfan(1990)

support facilities and infrastructure needed for A strategic and vital road linking POL with the the different day to day activities and based on Cogonan-Gatandaan-latag (CCl) road and the demographic projections up to the year 2015. National Highway is also envisioned which will traverse and thereby provide access to five Efforts must similarty be exerted in improving other barangays. the fishing industry in Nasugbu. The municipality has rich fishing grounds and It is also important to integrate other aquatic resources. Ironically, however, fish infrastructure and utilities which must develop production in the municipality has declined in alongside the road network development such recent years due to such problems as as drainage, sewerage, communications, water increasing population of rivers, illegal fishing and power. practices, etc. The municipal government and other concerned agencies must obviously take Again, it is essential to remember that these immediate action against these problems in proposed infrastructure are vital cogs in order to arrest the declining trend of fish providing opportunities to those willing to treck production in Nasugbu. the path to development. After all, access remain as the key to the process of 7.3 Transportation I Road Network development of the municipality, or any area for that matter. Critical to the success of the land Use Plan is the Transportation Plan, particularty the road 7.4 Identification I Proposed Programs network which will serve as the vital component linking the PLANO area units associated with To support and complement the development the different land uses. thrust of Nasugbu, the foliowing programs and projects are being proposed. Already in the pipeline is the construction of the Poblacion-Oayap-looc road (POL) which will connect the Table 6. Proposed Programs and Projects forNasugbu municipality with P~:;T SOU~~OF TARG~DATE Maragondon, Cavite. SECTOR I PROGP.AIISIPROJECTS II I 'I Another is the coastal road, I COMPLETION the Poblacion-Balaytigue f-----i ~s1ruction of irrigation I PLANO III,IV NIA 2000 [ Papaya road (PBP) which <-----==--.,-.....,.-,.---,,--!!-----I------!-----I i Improvement of production I PlANO I OA, DOST 1995 I will also exit at Maragondon. i ~·~--;-_;__'--+--;...... ~--=-_+_-----I I It is imperative that these r Expansion of !I'llB$ planted I. PLANO II,III. OA, NIA 1995 I roads be constructed as all Ecooooic I =:=~BOO:;; . N ~I OA, COST.; ------J weather concrete roads. I I related projects (e.g. I PLANO IV Municipel I 1995 I 1 The upgrading of the I~' ~d~~~~entilis I ~. , (e.g. upgrading of beach t:.I PLANO N I.==ateEntities I 1995 existing National Highway ! andresort facilities) I I _---+-!__ and municipal roads to all I Construction I I. M ...... I I Rehabililalion of heath I PlANO IV I' u.....".. ! 1995 I weather concrete roads is cen~._,.---:.+- also highly recommended, I I station I i Government I -J I Construction I RllplIIf of I PLANO I.IV I OECS! with the opening of I 2015 I additional entry I exit points \ Socia l~E~ of ~j_~D I·IV ~ate Entities 2015 at Magallanes via Bulihan, I 1

and Alfonso via latag. I I ProviSIOn of the..foIlOWIng I i BATALEC. 1,1 ! : SE!lVlces BOO facilities: i I MWSS 2015 These links are envisioned i j 0 Power supply ;1 PLAND I·IV : MUniciPal to hasten the development ! : 0 Water system, i Govel'nment I of tourism, and trade and ~·_---+-8Pgracti~nd-nafl-8iid-1 PLANO I..JV .: OPWH I commerce with the adjacent " Transportation ~~ngtlL~S " ' ---..l..-----1 municipalities in the nearby i Network i ~struction of mt-wealher i PLANO HV : DPWH I 2015 I province of Cavite. L~_~__"_~__--L ~ ~ .._L ..:... ___..L ...... J

~~107 COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLANNING PRocess IN THE PHILIPPINES~~

Land use planners must have taken their cues from Republic Act No. 7160 and The output of this step in the process is Executive Order No. 12 in responding to the a summary of socia-economic government's call of preparing a land use plan constraints and bottlenecks (equity for every city and municipality. issue$), pos$ible conflicts arising from overlapping uses of, Interel'.lts on, and Land use plaoning in general inl/oll/es the claims over land resources (decision rational allocation of spatial resource for zones), and demand-supply situation of various uses (residential, agricultural, lands available for future urban institutional, parks and recreational, industrial, expansion. ete.) to minimize non-conforming and conflicting uses and maximize its utilization for 3) Goals I Objectives Setting aims to the greater majority. crystallize the aspirations of tbe people into a coherent statement tbat reflects Techniques and methodologies being their tong-term vision or an end~state adopted by land use planners differ but scenario that will guide and organize majority of the devetopment planning their present and future actions. This practitioners (according to Prof. E. M. Serota) vision statement may be derived directly adopt the general planning process 8S from the people through public described below: consultations, from the pronouncements of elected officials, from relevant 1) Data Collection and Inventory refers to national policies, and from the result of the preparation of the Physical and the analysis of the area. Socio-Economlc Profile. Thematic maps that are available In national agencies 4) Generation of Alternative Spatial and municipal offices are compiled. Stratf/gi/fls is the process whereby various forms or patterns of distributing 2) Inter- and Intra-Area Analysis enable the future population ol/er the town'$ the planners to comprehend the study territory are explored. This is done by area both in its entirety and in terms of taking into consideration the presence its component parts, I.e., sectoratly and of physicat and polley constraints that spatially. This Is done on one hand by put a limit to where human settlements comparing the municipality with a larger could be located, on one hand, and the geographical unit of which it is a part. ease or difficulty of modifying the On the other hand, the municipality can existing locatlonal pattern as shaped by be closely studied by sUbdividing it Into the past, on the other. For any given small units say, barangays. If there are municipality, there could be several too many barangays, they may be spatial patterns that could be adopted grouped into fewer areas on the basis but all of these can be reduced to a few of certain meaningful set of criteria. stereotypes ranging from extreme concentration to extreme dispersion and To . systematize this process, a anything in between. statistical compendium should be prepared. The matrix allows the 5) Evaluation and Selection of Preferred analysts to compare sel/eral areas in Strategy is undertaken from the range terms of their performance vis-A-vis a of possibilities one pattern or a given indicator in one comprehensive combination of a few patterns is chosen format. The indicators are chosen in using any of the techniques such as such a way that the analysts will cost-benefit analysis, planning balance comprehend reality in three dimensions: sheet, goal achievement matrix, or sectoral, spatial and temporal. simple checklist of criteria.

~~108 CWP Process If! tn« Ptlllippines~~

6} Detailing of (tie cnoset: 3triJtS!IY will THE GENERAL PLANNING PROCESS now become the organizing eoncept for the long-term physical development of the municipality. Th;s puts together the various ideas and proposals that had DATACOLLECTION AND surfaced in the earlier process of INVENTORY analysis, projections, scenario bUilding, and evaluation. The schematic diagram that accomoanled the \ielected alternative &tratagy Is put Into a firm ...... :,.,. INTER-,C.NO INTRA·AReA ~,-' spatial shape that will guide and control ANAlYS!S :-.-__. .__~--J PUBLIC the location of infrastructure projeots, , .•.•..•.'" CONSULTP.TlON the directIon anlJ Intensity of urban ,,- .._L ,NUMBER 1 development, and the location of 1 i GOAlS!OBJECTIVES SETTING ; spe~lal action areas. '->'! ; , I rI L -.-..--.-.: 7) Formulating Policies and I \ Implementation Tools completes the preparation of the plan document. . ;GENEAATIoN 0; AlTERNATNE-l Policies touching on settlements, ':~ STRATEGIES 1 Infrastructure, and land use to guide the i ._ 1 PUBI..IC future development of various sections '••' CONSULTATION of the municipality are formulated. The r------..---'1.------, NUMBER 2 Instruments necessary to implement the i EVAlUATION ANDSEl.ECTlON OF ; i PREFERRED STRATEGY ; pian such as sectoral planning and L.-, ....., ...iI programming, regulatory measures, and the like are speclfled. , :J: _--I S) Plan Adoption and Legitimization is ! DETAIUNGANDRI;FINEMENTOF I' , PREFERRED STRATEGY J necessary to bind the local government . i to a commitment to implement the plan. '-----~-.-_. ~ -.. _-~-----' If the required SUbprocess of public ,- ----1 _ consultation and approval by the higher FORMUt.ATING POLICIES AND level legislative bodies are followed, the IMPLEMENTING TOOlS adoption by the local legislative council PUBUC amount1l to a social contract between - " '" .•.• ; CONSULTATION the people and their political leaders. NUMBER 3 PLAN ADOPTION AND 9) Implementation, Monitoring and LEGITIMIZATION Feedback is no longer a part of the planning process, but It is an essential link to the next cycle of planning. The feedback information from monitoring IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING ANDFEEOBACK the implementation of programs and projects forms part of the database for plan rElviaion, amendment, or replanning.

~~109~~

~~ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS:~~

University of the Philippines Planning and Development Research Foundation, Incorporated (U.P. PLANADES) is a non-stock, non-profit foundation engaged in research, consultancy and extension services, academic development and training in environmental, urban and regional planning and related disciplines. It was incorporated by a group of specialists and practitioners from the University of the Philippines School of Urban and Regional Planning (UP SURP). In close collaboration with UP SURP, PLANADES has also supported scholarships and professorial chairs, as well as the development of publication and literature in environmental, urban and regional planning and other related areas. The UP Plana des Team is a select of the foundation's members, associates, and external specialists drawn from diverse fields.

~~The UP PLANADES Planning Team for Nasugbu Conceptual Framework Plan is composed of two groups, namely:~~

~~PLANADES Team~~

Project Director Prof. RoqueA. Magno Researchers Mr. Joey S. Sena Project Coordinator Ms. Carmelita RE.U. Liwag Ms. GizelleG. Liwag EconomicPlanner Dr. BenjaminV. Carilio Ms. LulU Tison Social Planner Prof. DoloresA. Endriga Ms. AntonetteCenal PhysicalPlanner Arch. Raul G. Trinidad Draftsmen Mr. RobertoRodriguez Mr. Noel Balina Encoder Mr.HectorAbas Local Counterpart Team headedby Atty. Reynaldo Garcia, MPDC

~~Project Adviser MayorRosario M. Apacible~~

~~The UP PLANADES Planning Team for Tayabas CDLUP is composed of two groups, namely:~~

~~PLANADES Team~~

Project Director Ms. Carmelita R.E.U. Liwag Technical Coordinator Mr. Joey S. Sena Physical Planner Arch. Michael V. Tomeldan Social Planner Ms. Mariquit O. Cazellas Economic Planner Ms. Edna de Leon Samar AgrU Environmentalist Mr. Dionisio O. Liwag Institutional Planner Ms. Cristy Perla do

~~Project Adviser ProLErnesto M. Serote~~

~~Local Task Force for Land Use Planning headed by Mr. Necias Pataunia, MPDC~~

RURBAN Planners, Inc. is a private consulting firm duly registered with the Securittes and Exchange Commission (SEC). The core group of RURBAN was formed during the mid-eighties. Incorporated under Philippine laws by a group of young and experienced professionals from a wide range of disciplines and trained under the tradition of UP excellence. RURBAN provides consulting services and technical assistance to both private and government entities. Its thrust is based on the principles of sustainable development, decentralization, and participatory planning. RURBAN envisions its role to be the catalyst and initiator of guided growth while adhering to the framework of environmentally sound physical, economic and social development. The Planning Team in preparing Quezon CLUP is composed of two groups, namely:

~~RURBAN Planners, Inc.:~~

ProjectDirector/Social Planner Ms. Carmelita RE.U. Liwag Researchers Mr. Hector E. Abas ProjectCoordinator Mr. Joey S. Sena Mr. Jose MiguelS. Arenas PhysicalPlanner Arch!. Raul G. Trinidad Mr. NicasioJ. G. Liwag II EconomistiO& M Consultant Mr. Loreto C. Marillas Cartographer Mr. Roberto L Rodriguez Agriculturist Mr. DionisioO. Liwag Administrative Staff Mr. Edgar M. Ambrosio Mr. EduardoL. Galarse Local Counterpart Team headed by Engr. Danilo C. Usita. MPDC

~~111~~

Administration BENJAMIN V. CARINO, B.A. (Public Administration), M.A. (Political Science), Ph.D. (Political Science), Dean CYNTHIA D. TURINGAN, B.A. (Public Administration), Diploma in Comprehensive Regional Development Planning, Secretary ROSARIO D. JIMENEZ, A.B. (History), Diploma in Comprehensive Regional Development Planning, MA (URP), Director of Graduate Studies CARMELITA RE.U. L1WAG, A.B. (Political Science), MA (URP), M.RRP., Director of Research and Publications ERNESTO M. SEROTE, A.B. (English), Diploma in Integrated Surveys, M.U.R.P, Master in Urban Studies, Director of Training MINERVA VERGEL DE DIOS, B.S.C. (Management), Administrative Officer

~~Faculty~~

ALEX RAMON Q. CABANILLA, A.B. (Political NORMAN R RAMOS, BA (Economics), M.A. Science), Diploma in Integrated Surveys, (Economics), Ph.D. (Management), Associate M.U.RP., Assistant Professor Professor CANDIDO A. CABRIDO, JR, B.S. (Medical ASTEYA M. SANTIAGO ,LIB. (cum laude), M.T.C.P., Technology/Biology), M..S. (Biology), Diploma Certificate in Government Management, & M.S. (Environmental Engineering), Ph.D. Professor (Environmental Science), Associate Professor ERNESTO M. SEROTE, A.B. (English), Diploma in PRIMITIVO C. CAL, B.S.C.E., M. Eng. Integrated Surveys, M.U.RP, Master in Urban (Transportation Engineering), Ph.D. Studies, Associate Professor (Transportation Planning), Ll.B., Professor FEDERICO B. SILAO, A.B. (Political Science), BENJAMIN V. CARINO, B.A. (P.A.) M.A. (Political M.P.A., Professor Science), Ph.D. (Political Science), Professor CYNTHIA D. TURINGAN, B.A. (Public DOLORES A. ENDRIGA, A.B. (Psychology), MA Administration), Diploma in Comprehensive (Sociology), M.RP., Professor Regional Development Planning, Assistant Professor ROSARIO D. JIMENEZ, A.B. (History), Diploma in Comprehensive Regional Development L1TA S. VELMONTE, B.S. (Social Work), Diploma in Planning, M.A. (URP), Associate Professor Urban Studies, Associate Professor HUSSEIN S. L1DASAN, B.A. (Economics), OLEGARIO G. VILLORIA, JR., B.S. (Industrial Certificate in Development Economics, M. Engineering), M.S. (Civil Engineering, Traffic (Environmental Sciences), Ph.D. (Urban and Engineering), Ph.D. (Civil Engineering, Regional Planning), Associate Professor Transportation Planning), Associate Professor ROQUE A. MAGNO, B.S. (G.E.), M.T.C.P., DAVID LEONIDES T. YAP, B.S. (Architecture), M.A. Associate Professor (Architecture), Ph.D. (Science of Art and Design), Associate Professor ZENAIDAA. MANALO, A.B. (Economics), Certificate in Special Program in Urban and Regional Studies (SPURS), MA (URP), Ph.D. (URP), Associate Professor

~~Research Staff~~

DELIA R. ALCALDE, A.B. (Sociology), University Researcher II CARMELITA RE.U. L1WAG, A.B. (Political Science), M.A. (URP), M.RR.P., University Researcher I SUZANNE M. NAZAL, B.A. (Social Work), MA (URP), University Research Associate LEO ALVAREZ URRUTIA, BA (Humanities), University Research Associate

~~Training Staff DICKTON SINGH RYE, B.S. (Architecture), University Extension Specialist~~