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AMERICAM MU'seum . JOURNAL the American Museum of Natural History OCTOBER, 19 1 7 ~UMBER 6 THE AMERICAM MU'SEUM . JOURNAL The American Museum of Natural History BOARD OF TRUSTEES President HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN First Vice· President Second Vice' President CLEVELAND H. DODGE J . P. MORGAN Treasurer Secretary HENRY P. DAVISON ADRIAN ISELIN, JR. JOHN PURROY MITCHEL, MAYOR OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK WILLIAM A. PRENDERGAST, COMPTROLLER OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK CABOT WARD, PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PARKS GEORGE F. BAKER HENRY C. FRICK CHAl~LES LANIER FREDERICK F . BREWSTER MADISON GRANT OGDEN MILLS R. FULTON CUTTING ARCHER M . HUNTINGTON PERCY R. PYNE THOMAS DEWITT CUYLER ARTHUR CURTISS J AllIES JOHN B. TREVOR JAMES DOUGLAS WALTER B. JAMES FELIX M . W ARBURG A . D. JUILLTARD ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS Director Assistant Treasurer Assistant Secretary FREDERIC A. LUCAS THE UNITED STATES TRUST COMPANY GEORGE H. SHERWOOD OF NEW YORK SCIENTIFIC STAFF FREDERIC A. LUCAS, Sc.D., Director Geology and Invertebrate Palr:eontology Vet·tebrate Palr:eontology EDMUND OTIS HOVEY, Ph.D., Curator HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN, LL.D., D.Sc., Curator CHESTER A. REEDS, Ph.D., Asst. Curator Emeritus W. D. MATTHEW, Ph.D., Curator 'iVALTER GRANGER, Assoc. Curator [Mammals] Minemlogy BARNUM BROWN, A.B., Assoc. Curator [Reptiles] WILLIAM K . GREGORY, Ph.D., Assoc. in Palmon· L. P. GRATACAP, A.M., Curator tology GEORGE F . KUNZ, Ph.D., Honorary Curator Gems Anthropology CLAR]{ WISSLER, Ph.D., Curator Woods and Forestry PLINY E. GODDARD, Ph.D., Curator Ethnology MARY CYNTHIA DICKERSON, B.S., Curator ROBERT H. LOWIE, Ph.D., Assoc. Curator BARRINGTON MOORE, A.B., M.F., Assoc. Curator HERBERT J. SPINDEN, Ph.D., Asst. Curator N. C. NELSON, M.L., Asst. Curator CHARLES W. MEAD, Asst. Curator Invertebrate Zoology LOUIS R. SULLIVAN, A.M., Assistant Physical Anthropology HENRY E. CRAMPTON, Ph.D., Curator LESLIE SPIER, B.S., Assistant Anthropology Roy W. MINER, A.B., Assoc. Curator HERMAN K. HAEBERLIN, Ph.D., Asst. Curator FRANK E. LUTZ, Ph.D., Assoc. Curator L. P. GRATACAP, A.M., Curator Mollusca Anatomy and Physiology A. J. MUTOHLER, Assistant RALPH W. TOWER, Ph.D., Curator WILLARD G. VAN NAME, Ph.D., Assistant CHARLES F. HERM, Assistant FRANK E. WATSON, B.S., Assistant W. M. WHEELER, Ph.D., Hon. Curator Social Public Health Insects CHARLES·EDWARD A. 'WINSLOW, M.S., M.A., A. L. TREADWELL, Ph.D., Hon. Curator Annulata . Curator CHARLES W . LENG, B.S., Hon. Curator Coleoptera THOMAS G. HULL, Ph.D., Assistant Ichthyology and Herpetology Public Education GEORGE H. SHERWOOD, A.M.-, Curator BASHFORD DEAN, Ph.D., Curator Emeritus G. CLYDE FISHER, Ph.D ., Assoc. Curator JOHN T. NIOHOLS, A.B., Asst. Cur. Recent Fishes ANN E. THOMAS, Ph.B ., Assistant MARY CYNTHIA DICKERSON, B.S., Assoc. Curator Herpetology Books and Publications RALPH W. TOWER, Ph.D., Curator Mammalogy and Ornithology IDA RICHARDSON HOOD, A.B., Asst. Librarian J. A. ALLEN, Ph.D., Curator R esearch Associates FRANK M. CHAPMAN, Sc.D., Curator Ornithology M. D . C. CRAWFORD, Textiles, Anthropology Roy C. ANDREWS, A.M., Asst. Cur. Mammalogy CHARLES R. EAST~fAN, Ph.D., Vert. Pal::eont. W. DEW". MILLER, Assoc. Curator Ornithology ALESSANDRO FABBRI, Physiology H. E. ANTHONY, B.S., Assistant Mammalogy 'iVILLIAM K. GREGORY, Ph.D., Pal::eontology HERBERT LANG, Assistant Mammalogy GEO. BIRD GRINNELL, Ph.D., Ethnology JAMES P. CHAPIN, A.B., Assistant Ornithology J. HOWARD MCGREGOR, Ph.D., Anthropology TH E AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL DEVOTED TO NATURAL HISTORY, EXPLORATION, AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC EDUCATION THROUGH THE MUSEUM October, 1917 VOLUME XVII, NUMBER 6 PUBLISHED MONTHLY FROM OCTOBER TO MAY INCLUSIVE, BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, NEW YORK CITY. TERMS: ONE DOLLAR AND A HALF PER YEAR, TWENTY CENTS PER COPY. ENTERED AS SECOND­ CLASS MATTER FEBRUARY 23, 1917, AT THE POST OFFICE AT NEW YORK CITY, NEW YORK, UNDER THE ACT OF AUGUST 24, 1912 CONTENTS FOR OCTOBER Cover, "Twilight in the ~ \ clironclack " Showing a portion of a new group of Virginia deer in the American Mu eum of Natural History Frontispiece, Relic of Arctic Exploration. .. 36-1: Portion of flag found by MacMillan in cache at. ummit of Cape Thomas Hubbard, where it was placed by Peary in 1906 and where a complete America,n fl ag was left in its stead The Crocker Land Expedition Home .......... HEXHY FAIRFIELD O"t:\BOR~ 365 Congratulation, to Mr. MacMillan and his companions on their safe r eturn from a uccessful four year' exploration in the Far North, and to Captain Bartlett who piloted the "Neptune" safely home Ostrich Farming in South Africa ....................... J. E. DUERDE~ 367 A profitable business, suggesting the possibility of saving other wild bird through domestication Illustrations from photographs by the Autl.or Evolution of the Human Face .................... ' VJLLJAM r. GREGORY 377 From its primary object of directing the mouth toward the food, in the one-celled animals, through various stages of deyelopment to the highly sensitive face of man perm "Whaling South of the Equator . ... .. RommT C l ,'rIMA~ ~IURP lIY 389 D('scription of American sperm whaling, with photographs taken on board the New Bedford brig "Dai y," in 1912 and 1913, during the South Georgia Expedition of the American Mu- seum of Natural History and the Brooklyn 'i:useum The Gjant :Manzanita 01 Clear Lake, California . ...... C. I-L"-RT ~!(ERRIAM 399 Unique forests of unusual beauty Illustrations from photographs by the Author "Back to Nature" • cientifica]] y a 'V ell as EmobonaJly ................................ \rnLLDI E . RITTER 403 A plea for more field work in biology, showing that soundness of view and healthfulnes of life are dependent upon correct elementary informat.ioll about. nature A Glimpse Into the Quichua Country of Southern Bolivia., ......... ..... .. ..... LEO E. MILLER 407 Life and customs of some pre,'ent-day descendants of the ancient Empire of the Incas, noted for its advanced civilization, governmental organization, and fabulous riches Illustrations from photographs by the Author A Gir1l1t Eocene Bird . .... .... ... ' V. D. UATTlIl~W A~D 'VALT ER GR."-XGER 417 Important discovery in the Bighorn basin, 'Vyoming, of entire skeleton of rare fossil bird Mu eum otes . ....... 419 MARY CYNTHIA DICJ(ER ON, Editor Subscriptions should be addressed to the A:1IERIC_\'N MUSEUM JOURNAL, 77th St. and Central Park We t, New York City. The Jou1'1wl 108 sent free to aZZmcmbers of the .American Ml.lSCU11t. FRAGMENT OF HISTORICAL AMERICAN FLAG This portion of an American flag (above) was found by the Crocker Land Expedition in a cairn on the highe t of the three summits at Cape 'rhomas Hubbard, in the Arctic, and i now on view at the American Museum. In these days when Americans feel a quick patrioti m at sight of the flag, we can well appreciate the thrill that came to the I ader of the Crocker Land Expedition when he found the red, white, and blue with its one embroidered star in the di tant north. This silk flag (below), now in the United tat National Capital, wa made for Admiral Peary by hi wife and carried on the e 'pedition which reached the North Pole. Peary cached portions cut from it at different "farthest north" places: Nos. 1 and 2 at Cape Morris Je up, 3 at Cape Thomas Hubbard, 4 at Cape Columbia, 5 at Peary's "Farthe t North" at 7° 6', and 6, the long diagonal strip, on the ice at the North Pole. 'l'he portion brought back by the Crocker Land Expedition i No.3, from the upper middle spction; It complete American flag wa 1 ft in its place 364 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL VOLUME XVII OCTOBER, 1917 NUMBER 6 The Crocker Land Expedition Home 1 ROM the dangers and difficulties plished the intensive scientific work of exploration in the Far North, planned and the main exploratory jour­ F Providence has granted a safe ney of 152 miles northwest from Cape return to Donald B. MacMillan, leader Thomas Hubbard, a hazardous expedi­ of the Crocker Land Expedition, and to tion over the moving sea ice, in search all the members of his expedition, as of the land which had been prophesied well as to all members of the relief par­ to lie there. The two years since that ties sent out during the last two years. time, enforced upon the members of the As the world bade these men a sympa­ expedition by ice conditions which kept thetic Godspeed four years ago, it now the relief ships of 1915 and 1916 from gives them a warm welcome. Their reaching them, have added vastly to the safe return, expertly piloted home by total results of the work. Especially Captain Robert A. Bartlett, with the valuable is the geographical work ac­ loss of not a single man and with the complished on the expedition to Finlay great measure of success attained in Land and North Cornwall, and in map­ geographical, geological, and zoological ping the western coast of Ellesmere discovery, is a matter for rejoicing to Land from Cape Sabine to Clarence all interested in polar exploration. It Head. The news of the richness of the stands for the triumph of the intellect fauna of large food animals in this un­ of man in the contest with opposing inhabited part of our globe is of un­ physical forces-with bitter cold, and usual interest at a time when study of storm, and the long Arctic night. food conservation is in everyone's mind; It is a cause for congratulation to the and in view of the fact that our fuel American Museum of Natural Historv, resources are being dangerously reduced, the American Geographical Societ}T, we can foresee that the future will, by and the University of Illinois, organi­ some method, make available the enor­ zations which sent the expedition out mous veins of coal discovered through­ and have borne the two burdens always out Axel Heiberg Land and the eastern incumbent on the organizers and sup­ of the Parry Islands.
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