DOCSLIB.ORG

Anatomy Objectives

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Anatomy Objectives Anatomy Objectives I. Anterior Abdominal Wall – Clinical Correlates: Laparoscopy, Positioning/Nerve Injury, Incisions A. Understand the layers of the anterior abdominal wall B. Identify the umbilical folds/ligaments and their relative structures C. Identify major blood vessels, their origin and course D. Identify nerves of anterior abdominal wall and their course E. Safe zones for trochar insertion in laparascopic surgery F. Review pfannensteil incision, vessels and nerves of concern G. Review midline incision – anterior/posterior rectus sheath H. Review mode of common nerve injury I. Review laparoscopic instruments Tag the following structures: 1. External oblique muscle 2. Internal oblique muscle 3. Rectus abdominis muscle 4. Transversus abdominis muscle 5. Transversalis fascia 6. Pyramidalis muscle 7. Thoracoabdominal nerves 8. Iliohypogastric nerve 9. Ilioinguinal nerve 10. Inferior epigastric artery 11. Superficial epigastric artery 12. Superficial circumflex artery 13. Median umbilical fold – urachus 14. Medial umbilical folds – obliterated umbilical arteries 15. Lateral umbilical folds – inferior epigastric artery & veins 16. Superficial inguinal ring 17. Inguinal ligament 18. Round ligament (as it comes through the superficial inguinal ring) 19. Lacunar ligament 20. Inguinal canal and bundle (name them) 21. Arcuate line 22. Femoral sheath 23. Deep inguinal ring II. Abdominal/Pelvic Cavity Clinical Correlates: C/S, Oncology cases A. Identify major pelvic viscera and their blood supply B. Pelvic Spaces and procedures related to them C. Identify landmarks and points of entry for lymph node dissections D. Enter and identify major structures in the presacral space: review placement of sutures for ASC, and ligation of plexus for neurectomy. E. Review the major branches off the aorta F. Trace the path of the ureter – review risk zones G. Identify pelvic support; Cardinal ligament, Uterosacral ligaments H. Dissect and identify the branches of the internal iliac – both divisions; review placement of sutures for hypogastric artery ligation I. Review portions of tube involved in ectopic pregnancy, tubal ligations J. Review the steps of hysterectomy K. Review the steps of appendectomy Tag the following structures: 1. Uterus 2. Fallopian tube – interstitial, isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum 3. Fimbria 4. Mesosalpinx 5. Mesoovarium 6. Ovary 7. Broad ligament 8. Greater omentum 9. Lesser omentum 10. Appendix 11. Vesicovaginal space 12. Prevesical space 13. Rectovaginal space 14. Retrorectal space 15. Pararectal space 16. Paravaginal space 17. Presacral space 18. Cardinal ligament 19. Uterosacral ligament 20. Renal a/v 21. Ovarian a/v 22. Inferior mesenteric a. 23. Left colic a. 24. Sigmoid a. 25. Middle sacral a. 26. Superior hypogastric plexus 27. Lumbar a. 28. Common iliac a./v 29. External iliac a/v 30. Internal iliac a/v 31. Superior gluteal a 32. Lateral sacral a 33. Iliolumbar a. 34. Umbilical a. 35. Obturator a. 36. Vaginal a. 37. Uterine a. 38. Middle hemorrhoidal a. 39. Internal pudendal a. 40. Inferior gluteal a. 41. Ureter (3 points in its course) 42. Inferior hemorrhoidal a. 43. Inf/superior vesical a. 44. Bladder trigone 45. Nodal tissue (paraaortic – ext/int iliac – obturator) 46. Wertheim tunnel III. Pelvic Floor Clinical Correlates: Urogyn procedures A. Identify the levator ani muscles; coccygeus and piriformis, obturator B. Identify the major bony landmarks – review them on the pelvis C. Follow the path of nerves out of the pelvis D. Identify the arcus tendineus & coopers ligament. Review steps in burch procedure, paravaginal repair, prolift, etc in these areas. E. Review relationship from floor and perineum in steps for pudendal nerve block. F. Review TOT/ TVT G. Review Burch and ASC H. Review TVH I. Review sacrospinous ligament fixation, uterosacral suspension Tag the following structures: 1. Psoas major m. 2. Iliacus m. 3. Piriformis m. 4. Coccygeus m. 5. Levator ani m (components) 6. Obturator internus m. 7. Obturator foramen 8. Ischial spine 9. Ischial tuberosity 10. Sacral promontory 11. Lesser Sciatic Foramen 12. Greater Sciatic Foramen 13. Pudendal n. 14. Lateral femoral cutaneous n. 15. Iliohypogastric n. 16. Ilioinguinal n. 17. Genitofemoral n. 18. Femoral n. 19. Obturator n. 20. Sciatic n. 21. Cooper’s ligament 22. Cardinal ligament 23. Arcus tendineus 24. Pectineal line IV. Perineum Clinical correlates: OB, perineal repairs, pelvimetry A. Review again the bony landmarks, also review them on the pelvis. B. Identify Colles fascia and the perineal membrane. Review the relationship of these structures to the anterior abdominal wall. C. Identify sacrotuberous ligament, sacrospinous ligament and the vessels & nerves that course around them. D. Review & dissect the landmarks and structures within the genital triangle E. Review & dissect the landmarks and structures within the anal triangle. Review structures injured during medial and mediolateral episiotomy repairs. F. Dissect out the pundendal nerve and branches. Review from this perspective the pundendal nerve block – look transbadominally as well. G. Identify the ischiorectal fossa and is relationship w/ the vessels/nerves of the pelvic cavity. H. Review TOT and TVT entry points Tag the following structures: 1. Ischial tuberosity 2. Ischiopubic ramus 3. Ischial spine 4. Sacrospinous ligament 5. Colles’fascia 6. Perineal membrane (inf. Fascia of urogenital diaphragm) 7. Superior fascia of urogenital diaphragm 8. Ischiorectal fossa 9. Sacrotuberous ligament 10. Ischiocavernosus muscle 11. Bulbocavernosus muscle 12. Superficial transverse perineal m. 13. Deep transverse perineal m. 14. Sphincter urethrae 15. External sphincter ani (external anal sphincter) 16. Gluteus maximus 17. Internal pudendal vessels 18. Internal pudendal n. 19. Inferior hemorrhoidal a. 20. Inferior hemorrhoidal n. 21. Perineal a. & n. 22. Posterior labial a. & n. 23. Dorsal n & a. of clitoris 24. Bartholin’s gland 25. Pubourethral ligament 26. Inferior gluteal a. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Te2, Part Iii
    TERMINOLOGIA EMBRYOLOGICA Second Edition International Embryological Terminology FIPAT The Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology A programme of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) TE2, PART III Contents Caput V: Organogenesis Chapter 5: Organogenesis (continued) Systema respiratorium Respiratory system Systema urinarium Urinary system Systemata genitalia Genital systems Coeloma Coelom Glandulae endocrinae Endocrine glands Systema cardiovasculare Cardiovascular system Systema lymphoideum Lymphoid system Bibliographic Reference Citation: FIPAT. Terminologia Embryologica. 2nd ed. FIPAT.library.dal.ca. Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology, February 2017 Published pending approval by the General Assembly at the next Congress of IFAA (2019) Creative Commons License: The publication of Terminologia Embryologica is under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0) license The individual terms in this terminology are within the public domain. Statements about terms being part of this international standard terminology should use the above bibliographic reference to cite this terminology. The unaltered PDF files of this terminology may be freely copied and distributed by users. IFAA member societies are authorized to publish translations of this terminology. Authors of other works that might be considered derivative should write to the Chair of FIPAT for permission to publish a derivative work. Caput V: ORGANOGENESIS Chapter 5: ORGANOGENESIS
    [Show full text]
  • The Subperitoneal Space and Peritoneal Cavity: Basic Concepts Harpreet K
    ª The Author(s) 2015. This article is published with Abdom Imaging (2015) 40:2710–2722 Abdominal open access at Springerlink.com DOI: 10.1007/s00261-015-0429-5 Published online: 26 May 2015 Imaging The subperitoneal space and peritoneal cavity: basic concepts Harpreet K. Pannu,1 Michael Oliphant2 1Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA 2Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA Abstract The peritoneum is analogous to the pleura which has a visceral layer covering lung and a parietal layer lining the The subperitoneal space and peritoneal cavity are two thoracic cavity. Similar to the pleural cavity, the peri- mutually exclusive spaces that are separated by the toneal cavity is visualized on imaging if it is abnormally peritoneum. Each is a single continuous space with in- distended by fluid, gas, or masses. terconnected regions. Disease can spread either within the subperitoneal space or within the peritoneal cavity to Location of the abdominal and pelvic organs distant sites in the abdomen and pelvis via these inter- connecting pathways. Disease can also cross the peri- There are two spaces in the abdomen and pelvis, the toneum to spread from the subperitoneal space to the peritoneal cavity (a potential space) and the subperi- peritoneal cavity or vice versa. toneal space, and these are separated by the peritoneum (Fig. 1). Regardless of the complexity of development in Key words: Subperitoneal space—Peritoneal the embryo, the subperitoneal space and the peritoneal cavity—Anatomy cavity remain separated from each other, and each re- mains a single continuous space (Figs.
    [Show full text]
  • Sacrospinous Ligament Suspension and Uterosacral Ligament Suspension in the Treatment of Apical Prolapse
    6 Review Article Page 1 of 6 Sacrospinous ligament suspension and uterosacral ligament suspension in the treatment of apical prolapse Toy G. Lee, Bekir Serdar Unlu Division of Urogynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA Contributions: (I) Conception and design: All authors; (II) Administrative support: All authors; (III) Provision of study materials or patients: None; (IV) Collection and assembly of data: All authors; (V) Data analysis and interpretation: All authors; (VI) Manuscript writing: All authors; (VII) Final approval of manuscript: All authors. Correspondence to: Toy G. Lee, MD. Division of Urogynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA. Email: [email protected]. Abstract: In pelvic organ prolapse, anatomical defects may occur in either the anterior, posterior, or apical vaginal compartment. The apex must be evaluated correctly. Often, defects will occur in more the one compartment with apical defects contributing primarily to the descent of the anterior or posterior vaginal wall. If the vaginal apex, defined as either the cervix or vaginal cuff after total hysterectomy, is displaced downward, it is referred to as apical prolapse and must be addressed. Apical prolapse procedures may be performed via native tissue repair or with the use of mesh augmentation. Sacrospinous ligament suspension and uterosacral ligament suspension are common native tissue repairs, traditionally performed vaginally to re-support the apex. The uterosacral ligament suspension may also be performed laparoscopically. We review the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, evaluation, pre-operative considerations, surgical techniques, complications, and outcomes of these procedures.
    [Show full text]
  • Pelvic Anatomyanatomy
    PelvicPelvic AnatomyAnatomy RobertRobert E.E. Gutman,Gutman, MDMD ObjectivesObjectives UnderstandUnderstand pelvicpelvic anatomyanatomy Organs and structures of the female pelvis Vascular Supply Neurologic supply Pelvic and retroperitoneal contents and spaces Bony structures Connective tissue (fascia, ligaments) Pelvic floor and abdominal musculature DescribeDescribe functionalfunctional anatomyanatomy andand relevantrelevant pathophysiologypathophysiology Pelvic support Urinary continence Fecal continence AbdominalAbdominal WallWall RectusRectus FasciaFascia LayersLayers WhatWhat areare thethe layerslayers ofof thethe rectusrectus fasciafascia AboveAbove thethe arcuatearcuate line?line? BelowBelow thethe arcuatearcuate line?line? MedianMedial umbilicalumbilical fold Lateralligaments umbilical & folds folds BonyBony AnatomyAnatomy andand LigamentsLigaments BonyBony PelvisPelvis TheThe bonybony pelvispelvis isis comprisedcomprised ofof 22 innominateinnominate bones,bones, thethe sacrum,sacrum, andand thethe coccyx.coccyx. WhatWhat 33 piecespieces fusefuse toto makemake thethe InnominateInnominate bone?bone? PubisPubis IschiumIschium IliumIlium ClinicalClinical PelvimetryPelvimetry WhichWhich measurementsmeasurements thatthat cancan bebe mademade onon exam?exam? InletInlet DiagonalDiagonal ConjugateConjugate MidplaneMidplane InterspinousInterspinous diameterdiameter OutletOutlet TransverseTransverse diameterdiameter ((intertuberousintertuberous)) andand APAP diameterdiameter ((symphysissymphysis toto coccyx)coccyx)
    [Show full text]
  • Anterior Abdominal Wall (Continue)
    Anterior rami (T7 – L1) . T7-T11 called intercostal nerves. T12 called subcostal nerve. L1 through lumber plexus i.e. ilio inguinal & ilio hypogastric nerves T7……. Epigastrum T10……Umblicus L1…Above inguinal ligament & symphysis pubis. Arterial: Upper mid line: superior epigastric artery (internal thoracic artery). Lower mid line: inferior epigastric artery (external iliac artery). Flanks: supplied by branches from intercostal artery, lumbar artery & deep circumflex iliac artery. Venous: all venous blood collected into a plexus of veins that radiate from umbilicus toward: : Above : to lateral thoracic vein then to axillary vein. Below : to superficial epigastric & greater saphenous veins then to femoral vein. Lymphatic Of Anterior abdominal Wall: Above umbilicus : drain into anterior axillary lymph nodes. Below umbilicus: drain in to superficial inguinal nodes 1)External oblique muscle. 2) Internal oblique muscle. 3) Transversus abdominis 4)Rectus abdominis. 5) Pyramidalis. Origin: The outer surface of lower 8 ribs then directed forward & downward to its insertion. Upper four slip interdigitate with seratus anterior muscle. Lower four slip interdigitate with latissimus dorsi muscle . Insertions: As a flat aponeurosis into: * Xiphoid process. * Linea alba * Pubic crest. * Pubic tubercle. * Anterior half of iliac crest . Internal Oblique Muscle: Origin : * Lumber fascia * Anterior 2/3 of iliac crest. * Lateral 2/3 of inguinal ligament. Insertion: The fibers passes upward & foreword & inserted to lower 3 ribs & their costal cartilages, xiphoid process, linea alba & symphysis pubis. Conjoint Tendon: Form from lower tendon of internal oblique joined to similar tendon from transversus abdominis . Its is attached medially to linea alba ,pubic crest & pectineal line but has a lateral free border. The spermatic cord, as it passes below this muscle, it gains a muscular cover called " Cremaster muscle " which composed of muscle & fascia.
    [Show full text]
  • Advanced Retroperitoneal Anatomy Andneuro-Anatomy of Thepelvis
    APRIL 21-23 • 2016 • ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, USA Advanced Retroperitoneal Anatomy and Neuro-Anatomy of the Pelvis Hands-on Cadaver Workshop with Focus on Complication Prevention in Minimally Invasive Surgery in Endometriosis, Urogynecology and Oncology WITH ICAPS FACULTY Nucelio Lemos, MD, PhD (Course Chair) Adrian Balica, MD (Course Co-Chair) Eugen Campian, MD, PhD Vadim Morozov, MD Jonathon Solnik, MD, FACOG, FACS An offering through: Practical Anatomy & Surgical Education Department of Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine http://pa.slu.edu COURSE DESCRIPTION • Demonstrate the topographic anatomy of the pelvic sidewall, CREDIT DESIGNATION: This theoretical and cadaveric course is designed for both including vasculature and their relation to the ureter, autonomic Saint Louis University designates this live activity for a maximum intermediate and advanced laparoscopic gynecologic surgeons and somatic nerves and intraperitoneal structures; of 20.5 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s) ™. and urogynecologists who want to practice and improve their • Discuss steps of safe laparoscopic dissection of the pelvic ureter; laparoscopic skills and knowledge of retroperitoneal anatomy. • Distinguish and apply steps of safe and effective pelvic nerve Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the The course will be composed of 3 full days of combined dissection and learn the landmarks for nerve-sparing surgery. extent of their participation in the activity. theoretical lectures on Surgical Anatomy and Pelvic Neuroanatomy with hands on practice of laparoscopic and ACCREDITATION: REGISTRATION / TUITION FEES transvaginal dissection. Saint Louis University School of Medicine is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) Early Bird (up to Dec. 31st) ...........US ....$2,295 COURSE OBJECTIVES to provide continuing medical education for physicians.
    [Show full text]
  • The Femoral Hernia: Some Necessary Additions
    International Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2014, 5, 752-765 Published Online July 2014 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/ijcm http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijcm.2014.513102 The Femoral Hernia: Some Necessary Additions Ljubomir S. Kovachev Department of General Surgery, Medical University, Pleven, Bulgaria Email: [email protected] Received 28 April 2014; revised 27 May 2014; accepted 26 June 2014 Copyright © 2014 by author and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract Purpose: The anatomic region through which most inguinal hernias emerge is overcrowded by various anatomical structures with intricate relationships. This is reflected by the wide range of anatomic interpretations. Material and Methods: A prospective anatomic study of over 100 fresh cadavers and 47 patients operated on for femoral hernias. Results: It was found that the transver- salis fascia did not continue distally into the lymphatic lacuna. Medially this fascia did not reach the lacunar ligament, but was rather positioned above it forming laterally the vascular sheath. Here the fascia participates in the formation of a fossa, which varies in width and depth—the pre- peritoneal femoral fossa. The results did not confirm the presence of a femoral canal. The dis- tances were measured between the pubic tubercle and the medial margin of the femoral vein, and between the inguinal and the Cooper’s ligaments. The results clearly indicate that in women with femoral hernias these distances are much larger. Along the course of femoral hernia exploration we established the presence of three zones that are rigid and narrow.
    [Show full text]
  • Abdominal Cavity.Pptx
    UNIVERSITY OF BABYLON HAMMURABI MEDICAL COLLEGE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT S4-PHASE 1 2018-2019 Lect.2/session 3 Dr. Suhad KahduM Al-Sadoon F. I . B. M . S (S ur g. ) , M.B.Ch.B. [email protected] The Peritoneal Cavity & Disposition of the Viscera objectives u describe and recognise the general appearance and disposition of the major abdominal viscera • explain the peritoneal cavity and structure of the peritoneum • describe the surface anatomy of the abdominal wall and the markers of the abdominal viscera u describe the surface regions of the abdominal wall and the planes which define them § describe the structure and relations of : o supracolic and infracolic compartments o the greater and lesser omentum, transverse mesocolon o lesser and greater sac, the location of the subphrenic spaces (especially the right posterior subphrenic recess) The abdominal cavity The abdomen is the part of the trunk between the thorax and the pelvis. The abdominal wall encloses the abdominal cavity, containing the peritoneal cavity and housing Most of the organs (viscera) of the alimentary system and part of the urogenital system. The Abdomen --General Description u Abdominal viscera are either suspended in the peritoneal cavity by mesenteries or are positioned between the cavity and the musculoskeletal wall Peritoneal Cavity – Basic AnatoMical Concepts The abdominal viscera are contained either within a serous membrane– lined cavity called the Abdominopelvic cavity. The walls of the abdominopelvic cavity are lined by parietal peritoneum AbdoMinal viscera include : major components of the Gastrointestinal system(abdominal part of the oesophagus, stomach, small & large intestines, liver, pancreas and gall bladder), the spleen, components of the urinary system (kidneys & ureters),the suprarenal glands & major neurovascular structures.
    [Show full text]
  • Clinical Anatomy of the Anterior Abdominal Wall in Its Relation To
    ClinicalClinical AnatomyAnatomy ofof thethe AnteriorAnterior AbdominalAbdominal WallWall inin itsits RelationRelation toto HerniaHernia Handout download: http://www.oucom.ohiou.edu/dbms-witmer/gs-rpac.htm 24 April 2007 LawrenceLawrence M.M. Witmer,Witmer, PhDPhD Professor of Anatomy Department of Biomedical Sciences College of Osteopathic Medicine Ohio University Athens, Ohio 45701 [email protected] AnatomicalAnatomical OverviewOverview External Internal Transversus Rectus oblique oblique abdominis abdominis fleshyfleshy rectusrectus portionportion sheathsheath aponeuroticaponeurotic inguinalinguinal tendinoustendinous portionportion ligamentligament intersectionsintersections • Three flat abdominals: attach to trunk skeleton, inguinal lig., linea alba, etc.; fleshy laterally and aponeurotic medially, forming rectus sheath medially • Two vertical abdominals: rectus abdominis and pyramidalis (not shown) Moore & Dalley 2006 AnatomicalAnatomical OverviewOverview intramuscular exchange of intermuscular exchange of contralateral external oblique fibers contralateral external & internal oblique right external oblique left internal oblique • continuity of external oblique • continuity of fibers across midline fibers across midline • “digastric” muscle with central • blending of superficial & deep tendon fibers on opposite side • torsion of trunk Moore & Dalley 2006 AnatomicalAnatomical OverviewOverview transv. abd. linea alba rectus sheath rectus abdominis int. obl. ext. obl. semilunar line peritoneum transversalis fascia aponeuroses of abdominal
    [Show full text]
  • The Reproductive System
    27 The Reproductive System PowerPoint® Lecture Presentations prepared by Steven Bassett Southeast Community College Lincoln, Nebraska © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Introduction • The reproductive system is designed to perpetuate the species • The male produces gametes called sperm cells • The female produces gametes called ova • The joining of a sperm cell and an ovum is fertilization • Fertilization results in the formation of a zygote © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System • Overview of the Male Reproductive System • Testis • Epididymis • Ductus deferens • Ejaculatory duct • Spongy urethra (penile urethra) • Seminal gland • Prostate gland • Bulbo-urethral gland © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 27.1 The Male Reproductive System, Part I Pubic symphysis Ureter Urinary bladder Prostatic urethra Seminal gland Membranous urethra Rectum Corpus cavernosum Prostate gland Corpus spongiosum Spongy urethra Ejaculatory duct Ductus deferens Penis Bulbo-urethral gland Epididymis Anus Testis External urethral orifice Scrotum Sigmoid colon (cut) Rectum Internal urethral orifice Rectus abdominis Prostatic urethra Urinary bladder Prostate gland Pubic symphysis Bristle within ejaculatory duct Membranous urethra Penis Spongy urethra Spongy urethra within corpus spongiosum Bulbospongiosus muscle Corpus cavernosum Ductus deferens Epididymis Scrotum Testis © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System • The Testes • Testes hang inside a pouch called the scrotum, which is on the outside of the body
    [Show full text]
  • 7) Anatomy of OMENTUM
    OMENTUM ANATOMY DEPARTMENT DR.SANAA AL-SHAARAWY Dr. Essam Eldin Salama OBJECTIVES • At the end of the lecture the students must know: • Brief knowledge about peritoneum as a thin serous membrane and its main parts; parietal and visceral. • The peritonial cavity and its parts the greater sac and the lesser sac (Omental bursa). • The peritoneal folds : omenta, mesenteries, and ligaments. • The omentum, as one of the peritonial folds • The greater omentum, its boundaries, and contents. • The lesser omentum, its boundaries, and contents. • The omental bursa, its boundaries. • The Epiploic foramen, its boundaries. • Mesentery of the small intestine, and ligaments of the liver. • Nerve supply of the peritoneum. • Clinical points. The peritoneum vIs a thin serous membrane, §Lining the wall of the abdominal and pelvic cavities, (the parietal peritoneum). §Covering the existing organs, (the visceral peritoneum). §The potential space between the two layers is the peritoneal cavity. Parietal Visceral The peritoneal Cavity vThe peritoneal cavity is the largest one in the body. vDivisions of the peritoneal cavity : §Greater sac; extends from Lesser Sac diaphragm down to the pelvis. §Lesser sac; lies behind the stomach. §Both cavities are interconnected through the epiploic foramen. §In male : the peritoneum is a closed sac . §In female : the sac is not completely closed because it Greater Sac communicates with the exterior through the uterine tubes, uterus and vagina. The peritoneum qIntraperitoneal and Intraperitoneal viscera retroperitoneal organs; describe the relationship between various organs and their peritoneal covering; §Intraperitonial structure; which is nearly totally covered by visceral peritoneum. §Retroperitonial structure; lies behind the peritoneum, and partially covered by visceral peritoneum.
    [Show full text]
  • Female Inguinal Hernia – Conservatively Treated As Labial Swelling for a Long Time-A Case Report Shabnam Na, Alam Hb, Talukder Mrhc, Humayra Zud, Ahmed Ahmte
    Case Report Female Inguinal Hernia – Conservatively Treated as Labial Swelling for a Long Time-A Case Report Shabnam Na, Alam Hb, Talukder MRHc, Humayra ZUd, Ahmed AHMTe Abstract Inguinal hernia in females is quite uncommon compared to males. However, in female it may pose both a diagnostic as well as surgical challenge to the attending surgeon. Awareness of anatomy of the region and all the possible contents is essential to prevent untoward complications. Here we are presenting a case of indirect inguinal hernia in a 25 years old women and how she was diagnosed and ultimately managed. Key words: Inguinal hernia, females (BIRDEM Med J 2018; 8(1): 81-82 ) Introduction Case Report Inguinal hernia in female is relatively uncommon as A 25-year-old female, non obese, mother of one child, compared to males. The incidence of inguinal hernia in delivered vaginal (NVD) presented with a swelling in females is 1.9%1 . Obesity, pregnancy and operative the left groin for 7 years. Initially she presented to procedures have been shown to be risk factors that different gynecologists with labial swelling. They treated commonly contribute to the formation of inguinal her conservatively. As she was not improving, she finally hernia2. Surgical management in women is similar to presented to surgeon. She gave history of left groin swelling extending down to labia majora which initially that in men. However a wide variety of presentations appeared during straining but later on it persisted all may add to the confusion in diagnosing inguinal hernia the time. In lying position, the swelling disappeared.
    [Show full text]