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MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA FILOZOFICKÁ FAKULTA Ústav MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA FILOZOFICKÁ FAKULTA Ústav hudební vědy Management v kultuře Bc. Petr Balada Magisterská diplomová práce Vývoj hudebních festivalů s případovou studií Den pro Valy Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Viktor Pantůček, Ph.D. 2021 Čestné prohlášení Prohlašuji tímto, že jsem magisterskou diplomovou práci na téma Vývoj hudebních festivalů s případovou studií Den pro Valy vypracoval samostatně, pouze s využitím literatury a pramenů v této práci uvedených. V Brně dne …. ………………………………….. Bc. Petr Balada 2 Poděkování Děkuji svému vedoucímu práce Mgr. Viktorovi Pantůčkovi Ph.D. za věcný pohled, cenné rady, připomínky a čas, který mi věnoval. 3 Anotace Magisterská diplomová práce si klade za cíl nalézt formu hudebního festivalu, která je nejvíce odolná proti vnějších i vnitřním vlivům. Činí tak prostřednictvím nahlédnutí do historie festivalů a pojmenováním různých aspektů, které festivaly tvoří a ovlivňují. Vlastní analýzou a vyhodnocením dostupných dat chce nabídnout stručný přehled stavu festivalového průmyslu u nás i ve světě. Zjištěné poznatky zároveň ověřuje na konkrétním festivalu Den pro Valy, který uspořádal autor této magisterské práce. Klíčová slova Festival, hudební festival, rodinný festival, festivalová infrastruktura, ekonomický přínos festivalu, publikum, free festival, angažovaný festival Abstract The master's thesis aims to find a form of music festival that is most resistant to external and internal influences. It does so through insight into the history of festivals and naming the various aspects that make up and influence festivals. By its own analysis and evaluation of available data, it wants to offer a brief overview of the state of the festival industry in our country and in the world. Findings also verified at a specific festival, Den pro Valy, which was organized by the author of this master's thesis. Key words Festival, music festival, family festival, festival infrastructure, economic benefits of the festival, audience, free festival, political festival 4 Obsah 1. ÚVOD ................................................................................................................................................... 7 2. ETYMOLOGIE, DEFINICE A VÝZNAM SLOVA FESTIVAL ......................................................................... 8 2.1. Etymologie slova festival .............................................................................................................. 8 2.2. Význam a definice slova festival ................................................................................................. 10 2.3. Shrnutí kapitoly .......................................................................................................................... 13 3. NÁSTIN FESTIVALOVÝCH DĚJIN ......................................................................................................... 14 3.1. Slavnosti, průvody a procesí ....................................................................................................... 15 3.2. Soutěže a přehlídky .................................................................................................................... 17 3.3. Zrod festivalové kultury .............................................................................................................. 19 3.4. První žánrové festivaly ................................................................................................................ 21 3.5. Mezníky počátku festivalové kultury na našem území .............................................................. 22 3.5.1. Cyrilometodějské slavnosti 1863 ......................................................................................... 22 3.5.2. Maifestspiele (Májové hry) 1899......................................................................................... 23 3.5.3. První český hudební festival 1904 ....................................................................................... 23 3.5.4. Mezinárodní hudební festival 1924 ..................................................................................... 25 3.5.5. Pražské jaro 1946 ................................................................................................................ 25 3.5.6. Československo v tanci a zpěvu 1946 .................................................................................. 26 3.6 Shrnutí kapitoly .......................................................................................................................... 27 4. FESTIVALY JAKO SOUČÁST SVĚTA IDEJÍ ............................................................................................. 28 4.1 Festivaly pro povzbuzení ducha národa ..................................................................................... 28 4.2 Festivaly ve víru politiky a ideologií ............................................................................................ 31 4.3 Československé festivaly jako opora politického systému za doby normalizace ....................... 39 4.4 Free festivaly vs. bezplatné festivaly .......................................................................................... 41 4.5 Angažované festivaly .................................................................................................................. 43 4.6 Dopad festivalů na legislativu ..................................................................................................... 44 4.7 Shrnutí kapitoly .......................................................................................................................... 46 5. FESTIVALOVÁ INFRASTRUKTURA ....................................................................................................... 46 6. EKONOMICKÝ PŘÍNOS FESTIVALŮ ..................................................................................................... 55 6.1 Ekonomické a sociální bonusy a malusy ..................................................................................... 56 6.2 Festivaly z pohledu satelitního účtu kultury ČR.......................................................................... 58 6.3 Analýza ekonomického přínosu festivalů klasické hudby v ČR .................................................. 60 6.4 Studie ekonomických dopadů FESTAS ........................................................................................ 63 6.5 Srovnání AHF vs FESTAS.............................................................................................................. 65 6.6 Ekonomický přínos: shrnutí ........................................................................................................ 67 5 7. FESTIVALOVÉ PUBLIKUM ................................................................................................................... 69 Závěr a případová studie Den pro Valy ................................................................................................. 73 Příprava a průběh Dne pro Valy ........................................................................................................ 78 Infrastruktura Dne pro Valy ............................................................................................................... 80 Ekonomické a sociální bonusy a malusy Dne pro Valy ...................................................................... 81 Resumé .................................................................................................................................................. 82 Summary ............................................................................................................................................... 82 Resumen ................................................................................................................................................ 82 Seznam pramenů a literatury ................................................................................................................ 84 Literatura ........................................................................................................................................... 84 Sborníky ............................................................................................................................................. 86 Internetové stránky ........................................................................................................................... 86 Periodický tisk: noviny ....................................................................................................................... 89 Periodický tisk: časopisy .................................................................................................................... 89 6 1. ÚVOD Hudební festivaly tvoří neoddělitelnou součást nabídky způsobů trávení volného času. Jejich počet každým rokem roste. Zároveň jich však nemalá část také zaniká. Důvody pro zánik mohou být finanční i organizační. Občas nemusí vycházet zevnitř festivalu, ale jen reflektují vnější celospolečenskou situaci. Příkladem může být ekonomická krize či pandemie zabraňující v pořádní kulturních akcí, jak jsme toho svědky od loňského roku. Tato práce si pokládá otázku, zda existuje ideální model hudebního festivalu, který by byl na tyto situace méně náchylný než jiný. Který by se lépe vyrovnával s finančními i návštěvnickými výkyvy. Pro nalezení tohoto modelu jsem se obrátil do minulosti, dále jsem se zaměřil na ekonomický aspekt fungování festivalů a také na otázky publika a jeho složení. Zatímco zdroje ohledně ekonomického přínosu či publika jsou poměrně četné, kupodivu tomu tak není u zpracování
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