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ISSUE: 72 MAY 2021 www.ikv.org.tr / contact: [email protected] AND COMMISSION PRESIDENTS VISITED AFTER POSITIVE STEPS AGREED AT EU SUMMIT

The visit by the two presidents of EU institutions was significant, as it provided for the first in person meeting at the highest level between Turkey and the EU after the steps agreed at the March European Council under the “positive agenda”.

resident of the European issues in the implementation of the “Positive Agenda” with a Grain of Commission Ursula von der Customs Union. She also mentioned Salt PLeyen and President of the that work is being carried out to The outcome of this visit was no European Council improve the public-private sector surprise as the expectation was that visited Turkey upon the invitation cooperation with a focus on green similar messages were going to be of President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and digital transformation. The conveyed by the EU leaders during on 6 April 2021 following the critical President their visit to Turkey. Looking at the European Council meeting of 25-26 pointed out to the potential content of the discussions, parties March. As it can be recalled, at the benefits to both Turkey and the EU reiterated what they have already been December 2020 European Council of Turkey’s participation in the EU saying and the remarks made after meeting, EU leaders had given the programmes like Horizon Europe the meeting confirmed their previous EU High Representative for Foreign and Erasmus+ in relation to the stance regarding Turkey-EU relations. Affairs and the Security Policy Josep high level dialogues on issues like The fact that no mention was made Borrell the task of preparing a report climate change, public health and of Turkey’s candidacy is considered an on Turkey-EU relations. The report people-to-people contacts. She indication that Turkey is viewed more as had been discussed at the European praised the achievements in relation a country in the neighbourhood area of Council meeting which took place to migration and refugees so far as the EU rather than a candidate country on 25-26 March 2021 and the a result of the cooperation between aiming for full membership and that Council conclusions signalled the Turkey and the EU in line with the Turkey-EU relations are being assessed beginning of a new process marked 18 March Turkey-EU Statement from a foreign affairs and security policy by a “positive agenda” between and said that more can be done if perspective. In line with this narrow Turkey and the EU. Therefore, the Turkey stands by its commitments perspective, more emphasis is put recent visit is considered as a step Istanbul Convention, he said that the EU values. especially regarding the prevention on the steps to be taken within the forward in the EU-Turkey relations. Turkey will continue its fight against of irregular migration and resuming framework of the “positive agenda” put The fact that this visit took place violence directed towards women Enhanced Cooperation Benefits return operations from the Greek forth after the October and December in person is an indication of the by strengthening the mechanisms All islands. Von der Leyen said that the 2020 European Council meetings. And importance given to the meeting within the current legal framework. European Commission President EU will continue to provide funding yet the EU’s message is that Turkey and to keeping the channels , in her speech, in this respect and that work is has to overcome a condition for every open for high level dialogue. After A Mutually Beneficial and stated that the underlying reason being done to extend this funding positive step to be activated and that the meeting, Michel and von der Positive Relationship with Turkey for this visit is the interest Turkey has to other countries like Jordan and it will be under a constant observation Leyen held a joint press conference In his statement, European shown to “re-engage with EU in a Lebanon. Finally, she said that the EU and ongoing review the results of whereas the Spokesperson of the Council President Michel constructive way”. In order to give is aiming for an “honest partnership” which would impact the nature of the Presidency Ambassador İbrahim emphasized that “the EU’s strategic a new momentum to Turkey-EU with Turkey and that the attitude future of the EU-Turkey relations. Kalın gave out a written statement interest remains a stable and relations, she mentioned four areas Turkey will adopt in the near future The unexpected outcome of the on behalf of President Recep Tayyip secure environment in the Eastern in which enhanced cooperation will determine where the new visit by the leaders of EU institutions Erdoğan. Mediterranean and a mutually would benefit both parties and relationship between the EU and to Turkey has been the “sofagate” crisis. beneficial and positive relationship listed these as economic relations, Turkey will lead. The protocol crisis, which has been Turkey Expects Concrete Actions with Turkey.” Michel continued high level dialogues, people-to- While no reference was made occupying the agenda since the visit, In the statement, it was by saying that the recent positive people contacts and mobility, and to Turkey’s status as a candidate has erupted as a result of the lack of indicated that the meeting was held developments and the bilateral refugees and migration. Von der country in their speeches, both EU equal seating arrangements for the in a positive atmosphere. According exploratory talks between Greece Leyen emphasized that respect for leaders have mentioned that respect President of the European Commission to the statement, President Erdoğan and Turkey have been welcomed by the rule of law and fundamental for the rule of law and fundamental Ursula von der Leyen and the President underscored Turkey’s goal of full the EU and the EU is looking forward rights is crucial for the EU and that rights are core EU values and of the European Council Charles Michel EU membership and said that to the Cyprus talks that will take it should be an “integral part of the expressed concern over certain during the meeting with President Turkey expects concrete action place in the coming weeks. Michel EU-Turkey relations” and pointed recent developments in Turkey and Erdoğan. The resulting blame game and from the EU. In the meeting where then pointed out that “the concrete out that it is crucial for Turkey Turkey’s decision to withdraw from a range of interpretations of the events it was emphasized that finding and positive agenda” the EU is ready to respect international human the Istanbul Convention. They also thereof have caused the surfacing of sustainable solutions to regional to put on the table is based on rights and standards as a founding said that the state of Turkey-EU the power struggle between Michel crises will be beneficial for both the economic cooperation, migration, member of the Council of Europe. relations will be reviewed at the June and von der Leyen and their respective EU and Turkey, President Erdoğan and people-to-people contacts and Referring to the fact that the EU European Council meeting which is EU institutions and was even carried to stressed the importance of the mobility and underlined the fact that is Turkey’s number one trading a message that the EU will closely the European Parliament. Unfortunately, cooperation between Turkey and the relationship will be “progressive, partner and the uniqueness of the follow the developments regarding it can be said that the “sofagate” crisis the EU regarding the refugees proportional and reversible”. Finally, Customs Union between the two Turkey and that the “reversible” has dampened the constructive spirit and the fight against terrorism as he stressed the EU’s determination parties, von der Leyen said that aspect of the relationship, even of the visit. It seems like in order to crucial for stability in the region. In to defend the interests of the modernising the Customs Union sanctions can be triggered in case understand the actual outcome of this response to criticisms regarding Member States as well as the is one of the top priorities but only the developments are not in line visit, we have to wait until the European Turkey’s withdrawal from the interests of the EU and to promote after resolving some of ongoing with the EU’s expectations. Council meeting in June. 1965 2020

19 65 1 1965 ISSUE: 72 MAY 2021 9 65 2018

IKV AGENDA “THE VISIT BY EU LEADERS IS PROMISING FOR THE FUTURE OF RELATIONS”

KV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu made a report prepared by the World Bank in 2016. Istatement concerning the visit by European Therefore, it is beneficial to start this process Council President Charles Michel and immediately and without further delay. European Commission President Ursula Otherwise, in addition to the Cyprus issue, the von der Leyen to Turkey on 6 April 2021. upcoming elections in the two leading EU Stating that relations with the EU have countries; Germany and France in September been at a freezing point for a long time, IKV 2021 and 2022, respectively, may cause a Chairman Zeytinoğlu emphasized that the stalemate in the Council. Modernisation of visit indicates an important revival in the the Customs Union is a win-win situation relations. IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu indicated for both sides. Moreover, the modernisation TOBB PRESIDENT that the “positive agenda”, first proposed at of the Customs Union will foster dialogue HİSARCIKLIOĞLU the EU Summit in October 2020, has begun and cooperation on the Green Deal and to materialize and should be implemented digitalisation which are the EU’s two main ATTENDED EUROCHAMBRES as soon as possible without further delay. IKV priorities and hold considerable significance PRESIDENTIAL COUNCIL Chairman Zeytinoğlu stated the following: for Turkey’s economy. It is extremely “The visit by the Presidents of the agenda includes cooperation on refugees, the important for both Turkey and the EU to seize MEETING European Council and European Commission resumption of high level dialogues and the this opportunity. As for the other important is of great importance as the first high level enhancement of people-to-people contacts, issue that is visa liberalisation, the fulfilment of he Presidential Council of the European and face to face contact in a long time. It also as well as economic cooperation and the six remaining benchmarks by Turkey will Chamber of Commerce and Industry T points to an important stage in the realisation modernisation of the Customs Union.” enable relaunching the EU reform process, (EUROCHAMBRES) chaired by TOBB President of the positive political agenda which the Emphasizing that the business as a preliminary step. Steps could be taken M. Rifat Hisarcıklıoğlu convened via video EU first proposed in October 2020. Relations community has expectations regarding the for revitalising the process by returning to conference on 22 April 2021. ​ modernisation of the Customs Union which is During the meeting, which was also had been in the deep freeze for some time, the EU political and economic reforms and part of the positive agenda proposed by the attended by European Commissioner for and tension dominated particularly the implementing the measures envisaged in the EU for restoring and reviving relations with Financial Services, Financial Stability and Capital Eastern Mediterranean and the foreign policy recently announced Human Rights Action Turkey, IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu indicated Markets Mairead McGuinness, the participants agenda. Moderation here, shone a beam Plan and Economic Reform Package. In that they expected the process to be discussed support for SMEs and digitisation in of light for the revitalisation of Turkey-EU turn, in order to restore its relationship with launched immediately: financial markets. relations. The positive agenda proposed Turkey, which is of strategic importance for “Here, the expectation of the business On the same day, EUROCHAMBRES by the EU does not include a return to the security and stability in Europe, and turn it issued a press release calling on the European accession negotiations, however it is essential community is for the Customs Union into a mutually beneficial relationship, the EU Commission to appoint an EU SME Envoy. The for restoring and putting the relations back modernisation process to be launched should not refrain from taking concrete steps press release stated that during these times on track for future re-operationalisation of as soon as possible. The framework for such as giving a negotiating mandate to the of crisis the appointment was crucial for the the full EU membership strategy which is the modernisation of the Customs Union Commission for the modernisation of the business sector. the ideal strategy for Turkey. The positive has already been established through the Customs Union immediately.”

TURKEY– EU JCC MEMBERS DENOUNCED US PRESIDENT BIDEN’S STATEMENT ON 1915 EVENTS

ollowing US President Joe Biden’s altered according to the conjunctural political Fstatement on 1915 events on 24 April purposes or internal political interests of 2021, members of the Turkey wing of the politicians. Turkey-EU Joint Consultative Committee Turkey has never shied away from (JCC) issued a press release denouncing the confronting its history and will not be description of 1915 events as “genocide” and lectured by anyone, including the United indicated that the statement was a result of States. political populism. The press release signed by This statement will never be accepted in Hak-İş Trade Union Confederation (HAK-İŞ), Civil the conscience of our nation and will cause Servants Confederation (MEMUR-SEN), Turkey a difficult and deep wound in the alliance Tradesmen and Craftsmen Confederation (TESK), relationship between our countries. Turkey Trade Unions Confederation (TÜRK-İŞ), The United States should correct this Turkey Employers Unions Confederation (TİSK), grave mistake, which serves no purpose Turkey Public Servants Unions Confederation other than to satisfy certain political circles, (Turkey KAMU-SEN), Union of Chambers and stop serving the agenda of these circles Commodity Exchanges of Turkey (TOBB) and that seek to engender hostility from history, Union of Agricultural Chambers of Turkey and support efforts to ensure that different (TZOB) stated the following: nations live peacefully in the region. “We are trade unions and professional on any scientific or legal basis, as a result of this statement, which distorts historical facts, On this occasion, we pay tribute to organisations representing Turkey’s workers, political populism. will yield no results other than to polarise the individuals of all nationalities and faiths who farmers, employers, civil servants, tradesmen, We emphasize that the statements made peoples and make it difficult to achieve peace lost their lives before and during the World merchants, industrialists and producers. by the President of the United States and and stability in the region. War I. We unequivocally reject and condemn those who have taken similar steps have no We remind you that Turkey’s proposal We remind and remember 58 of the statement made by the President of legal value and that they do not have the legal for the establishment of a Joint Historical our citizens, including 31 diplomats and the United States regarding the so-called and scientific knowledge to make judgments Commission on that period in 2005 was not their family members, who were killed in genocide on April 24, 2021. on historical issues. accepted by the Armenian side. despicable attacks by Armenian terrorist We see this statement, which is not based We hope that it will be recognized that Historical facts cannot be falsified or organisations.”

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19 65 1965 www.ikv.org.tr 19 65 2018 IKV AGENDA TIMELINE APRIL 2021 1 “WORLD LEADERS SHOULD EXERT 2 MORE EFFORTS FOR COOPERATION ON 3 IKV Secretary General Nas gave a CLIMATE CHANGE” lecture at DIPAM Academy. 4 KV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu President Erdoğan stated that stated that promising commitments Turkey will reduce its greenhouse I European Commission President were announced during the Leaders gas emissions up to 21% by 2030 5 von der Leyen and European IKV Secretary General Nas spoke in Summit on Climate, which was within the framework of the Council President Michel visited the “Gün Ötesi” programme and on hosted by the US and brought nationally determined contribution Turkey. 6 Medyascope. together 40 leaders on 22-23 April submitted in 2015 and declared IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu issued 2021, on the occasion of Earth that Turkey is exerting significant a statement on the visit by Day. Emphasizing that limiting efforts to reduce the negative 7 European Council and Commission global warming to 1.5 °C by 2100 impacts of climate change. Presidents. will significantly reduce climate for many rounds of negotiation. This However, although Turkey was one 8 IKV Secretary General Nas related risks compared to 2°C, IKV is due to the fact that the 55% net of the first countries to sign the attended the webinar hosted by Chairman Zeytinoğlu affirmed that greenhouse gas emission cut could Paris Agreement, today it is among Circle Foundation. an important step was taken in this only be achieved through carbon the six countries which have not Ukrainian President Zelensky 9 th IKV Secretary General Nas direction at the Leaders Climate sinks, which would actually result in ratified the Paris Agreement, along visited Turkey for the 9 meeting of the Turkey-Ukraine High-Level was a guest on the “Pasaport” Summit, but also underscored the a 52.6% emission cut. However, the with Eritrea, Iran, Iraq, Libya, and 10 programme broadcast on NTV. need to implement concrete actions institutions rushing to announce the Yemen. This situation is worrying Strategic Cooperation Council. as soon as possible. IKV Chairman final version of the Climate Law at since there is a possibility that Prime Minister of Libya’s Zeytinoğlu continued by saying: this summit hosted by the US, finally Turkey would remain outside the 11 National Unity Government “It is good news that the US reached a compromise on 21 April current climate regime. Located in Dbeibeh paid an official visit to intends to push for climate leadership 2021. Thus, EU institutions agreed the Mediterranean Basin, Turkey is IKV Secretary General Nas Turkey. 12 under the Biden presidency, on the 55% net greenhouse gas one of the countries most affected participated in the webinar Malta’s Foreign and European considering that former President emission reduction target for 2030. by climate change. Hence, under organised by Çağ University. Affairs Minister Bartolo visited Donald Trump under the climate However, they also pledged to clarify these conditions, Turkey will not be 13 Turkey. sceptic approach withdrew the how much emission reduction and able to act as an active participant IKV published an EU Literacy Guide US from the Paris Agreement removal will contribute to this target, in the Conference of the Parties Foreign Minister Çavuşoğlu for Civil Society Organisations (in participated in the North Atlantic 14 and promoted a fossil fuel-based and to ensure the improvement of in the future. Moreover, tackling Turkish) under the EU Monitoring economic growth in the US for carbon sinks by introducing a more climate change is an important Council Meeting in Brussels. Network Project. four years under his ‘America ambitious Land Use Change and area where Turkey can cooperate Greek Foreign Minister Dendias 15 First’ policy. Another welcome Forestry regulation by 2021.” with other countries, especially paid a visit to Turkey. development announced during the IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu finally the EU and the US. It is crucial for Foreign Minister Çavuşoğlu 16 summit was that the US, the second touched upon global cooperation Turkey, as an EU candidate country visited the TRNC. largest emitter of CO2, committed to in achieving global climate goals: and a Customs Union partner, to IKV Secretary General Nas halving its greenhouse gas emission “There are some comments that in comply with the European Green 17 discussed Turkey-EU relations by 2030, compared with 2005 levels. line with the new climate targets Deal. In addition, both in the March after Brexit at the Foreign Policy Institute seminar. Biden’s pledge is nearly double the announced by the major economies European Council conclusions and 18 2030 climate goal set by the Obama making up more than half of the the visit by the Presidents of the administration.” global economy such as the US, the Commission and the Council to IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu also EU, Canada, the UK and Japan, the Ankara, tackling climate change was 19 commented on the recently agreed world is now on track to limit global mentioned as one of the proposed IKV Secretary General Nas talked EU Climate Law: “The EP and the warming to 1.5 °C by 2100. However, high level dialogue topics under the 20 about “EU’s Current Priorities and European Council have not been able it was disappointing to see that positive agenda. Turkey now needs the Green Deal” at the webinar by to reach an agreement in the Climate countries such as China and India, to implement the Paris Agreement, Yeditepe University. Law negotiations for months. While which have a large share in global set more ambitious climate goals, 21 the European Council wanted the emissions, did not set new targets at and be a part of global cooperation President Erdoğan participated 2030 climate target to be enshrined this summit. so that it can better represent itself in the Leaders Summit on 22 IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu issued a into the EU Climate Law as a 55% President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan in climate negotiations and create Climate. statement regarding the Leaders net greenhouse gas emission cut, was one of the 40 leaders invited closer cooperation with the EU on Foreign Minister Çavuşoğlu Summit on Climate. the EP continued to reject this target to the summit. During the summit, climate change.” visited Romania for Trilateral 23 Foreign Ministers Meeting. IKV Secretary General Nas discussed the European Green Turkey denounced US President 24 Deal at the workshop hosted by NEW PUBLICATION FROM IKV: Biden’s statement on the 1915 Europolitika. events. 25 EU LITERACY GUIDE FOR CIVIL 26 SOCIETY ORGANISATIONS IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu issued a The three-day 5+UN informal 27 statement on the 5+UN informal KV published an “EU Literacy Programme for Partnerships & meeting on the Cyprus issue meeting on the Cyprus issue. IGuide” designed primarily for Networks for Strengthening of the convened in Geneva. grassroots civil society organisations Cooperation between Public Sector 28 in Turkey. “EU Literacy Guide for Civil and CSOs” which is implemented Issue 25 • December 2016 3 Society Organisations” has been by the Directorate for EU Affairs in 29 prepared within the framework Turkey. of the “EU Monitoring Network” The guide, developed and 30 IKV Secretary General Nas project jointly conducted by IKV, drafted by IKV, prioritizes the need delivered a presentation on the TAV (Turkey-Europe Foundation), for CSOs to discover more about Green Deal at the event held by and YADA (Foundation for Life) Turkey-EU relations as well as the EU 31 Altınbaş University. within the scope of the “Grant institutions and policies.

ISSUE 72 . May 2021  19 65 1 1965 ISSUE: 72 MAY 2021 9 65 2018

IKV AGENDA “A SOLUTION IN CYPRUS CAN BE POSSIBLE WITH A NEW VISION BASED ON SOVEREIGN EQUALITY”

KV Chairman Ayhan Zeytinoğlu issued a press maintain the status quo, the other stakeholders Istatement ahead of the 5+UN informal meeting of the process will be open to new ideas at the on Cyprus to be convened in Geneva on 27-29 meeting in Geneva.” April 2021. Indicating that Turkey and the Turkish IKV Chairman Zeytinoğlu concluded his Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) will go to remarks by evaluating the EU’s position and Geneva with a new vision, IKV Chairman made said the following: “The EU has also requested the following remarks: to participate in the informal meeting in “On 27-29 April, Turkish Cypriot and Greek Geneva as an observer. However, it was Cypriot leaders and the representatives of stated that the EU representatives would the three guarantor powers; Turkey, Greece not participate in the Geneva meeting after and the UK will come together in Geneva the TRNC voiced valid concerns about the under the auspices of UN Secretary General impartiality of the EU due to Greece and António Guterres. The parties are expected the Greek Cypriot Administration being EU to openly express their views on the future of members. The EU, which has made a huge the island and the settlement of the Cyprus strategic mistake by admitting the Greek issue in the meeting which will be held in an Cypriot side as a member prior to a solution in informal format. During the three-day Geneva Cyprus at the expense of its own values, has meeting, UN Secretary General Guterres will try lost its objectivity in the context of the Cyprus to determine whether the parties could meet values. On the other hand, the Turkish Cypriot As long as the mentality that sees the issue. As known, due to the EU’s strategic on a common vision for a lasting solution to side, who said ‘yes’ to the plan with 65%, was Turkish Cypriots as a minority rather than an mistake, the opening of a total number of the Cyprus issue. In this respect, the Geneva deprived of the benefits of EU membership equal partner persists on the Greek Cypriot 14 chapters and the provisional closing of all meeting does not entail a negotiation round, due to the attitude of the other side and side, reaching a partnership on the basis of chapters in Turkey’s EU accession talks have but it is held in order to determine whether continues to be subject to embargoes. a federation does not seem possible. The been blocked by the EU Council and the Greek common ground exists for launching a new Initiatives aimed at ending the isolation of the current situation, in which 53-year-long efforts Cypriot Administration. Moreover, the EU’s process. Turkish Cypriot side such as the Direct Trade for a solution have failed to produce results, disregard for the legitimate rights of Turkey and In Geneva, the TRNC with full support Regulation could not be implemented due requires new ideas on the Cyprus issue and a Turkish Cypriots and its unconditional support from Turkey, will present its new vision of a to the Greek Cypriot side’s objections. The new vision based on the existing realities on for Greek and Greek Cypriot claims regarding two-state solution based on sovereign equality. unilateral EU accession of the Greek Cypriot the island. As argued by Turkey and the TRNC, the disputes over sharing of natural resources As known, despite the constructive stance and side has rendered resolving the Cyprus issue cooperation between two states living side and maritime jurisdiction areas in the Eastern good faith demonstrated by Turkey and the even more difficult. Once in the EU, the Greek by side on the basis of equal international Mediterranean under the pretext of ‘Union Turkish Cypriot side, the pursuit of a solution Cypriot side has not hesitated to use its status and sovereign equality is the realistic solidarity’, have strained Turkey-EU relations. on the basis of a bi-zonal and bi-communal position within the EU against Turkey and the and sustainable solution. At this point, it is We invite the EU to pursue a balanced position federation which has been the formula until Turkish Cypriots and abuse the EU’s decision understood that initiating a new process in regarding the Cyprus issue. Instead of taking now, has repeatedly failed to produce results making procedures to this end, as it continued Cyprus will depend on the acceptance of the steps to reinforce the injustice caused by the because of the intransigence of the Greek to be the party walking away from the sovereign equality of the TRNC. In Geneva, unilateral membership of the Greek Cypriot Cypriot side. Despite having rejected the negotiation table. As made crystal clear during the Turkish Cypriot side will explain to the Administration, the EU can contribute to Annan Plan envisaging a federal solution the Crans Montana talks in July 2017 which other participants why the two-state solution improving Turkey-EU relations as well as peace with a majority of 76%, the Greek Cypriot broke down due to the maximalist demands model based on sovereign equality is the and stability in the Eastern Mediterranean by Administration of Southern Cyprus (GCASC) and intransigence of the Greek Cypriot side, realistic, sustainable and right solution. We designing tools to convince the Greek Cypriot was admitted to the EU based on the claim the Greek Cypriot Administration does not hope that rather than insisting on the federal side to act in a more constructive way. We call that it represented the entire island which intend to share political power and prosperity solution that has been repeatedly tried and on the EU to deliver on its promises to the was in violation of international law and EU with the Turkish Cypriot side. instrumentalised by the Greek Cypriot side to Turkish Cypriot people.” IKV SECRETARY GENERAL SPOKE AT VARIOUS WEBINARS AND PROGRAMMES

KV Secretary General Assoc. Prof. Çiğdem On 12 April, IKV Secretary General INas attended various programmes and Nas delivered a presentation on the webinars throughout April and evaluated modernisation of the Turkey-EU Customs latest developments concerning Turkey-EU Union at the webinar organised by Çağ relations. On 3 April 2021, IKV Secretary General University EU Application and Research Assoc. Prof. Nas gave a lecture on the pursuit of Center with the theme “Latest Developments independence in European security at DIPAM in Turkey-EU Relations”. Assoc. Prof. Nas Academy. On 6 April, IKV Secretary General took part in the seminar hosted by the Nas participated in the “Gün Ötesi” programme Foreign Policy Institute on 17 April and prepared by TRT Istanbul Radio and broadcast gave a presentation on “Turkey-EU relations on Radio 1. Assoc. Prof. Nas discussed the after Brexit”. Participating in the expert importance of the visit by the Presidents of seminar organised by Yeditepe University the European Commission and Council to within the Jean Monnet Module on 20 Ankara for Turkey-EU relations in light of the April, Nas delivered a speech titled “EU’s steps agreed at the March European Council Current Priorities and the Green Deal”. meeting under the positive agenda. On the World presenter Ayça Aydoğdu. Speaking Ambassador Michael Sahlin and Middle IKV Secretary General Nas also discussed same day, Nas also assessed the visit by von der alongside Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs East Institute scholar and College of Europe the European Green Deal in detail at the Leyen and Michel in the special programme and Director for EU Affairs Ambassador Faruk visiting professor Prof. Emiliano Alessandri, workshop organised by Europolitika on 24 presented by Edgar Şar on Medyascope. Kaymakcı, Director for External Relations at Assoc. Prof. Nas pointed out that both Turkey April. Finally, Nas participated in the online On 8 April, IKV Secretary General Nas European Commission’s General Secretariat and the EU would benefit from improving the event series hosted by Altınbaş University participated in a webinar on “The future Michael Karnitschnig, Sweden’s former relations. A day later, Nas was Mete Çubukçu’s Energy and Environmental Research and of Turkey-EU relations: Can the EU and Ambassador to Turkey, former State Secretary guest on the “Pasaport” programme broadcast Application Center on 30 April and delivered Turkey find a way forward?” organised by in the Swedish Defence Ministry and member on NTV where she discussed the recent a presentation on the Green Deal and its Circle Foundation and moderated by TRT of the European Security Program at SIPRI developments in Turkey-EU relations. implications for Turkey.

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TURKEY-EU WATCH COMMON GROUND ELUSIVE AT THE 5+UN INFORMAL TALKS IN GENEVA As the 5+UN informal talks aimed at finding a common ground between the two sides for a new process in Cyprus proved elusive, the parties agreed to reconvene for a fresh attempt in two to three months’ time.

resident of the Turkish Republic UN Secretary General is tasked with ground was found between the two Pof Northern Cyprus (TRNC) Ersin taking an initiative for the Security sides to allow for the launch of formal Tatar, Greek Cypriot Leader Nicos Council to adopt a resolution negotiations, UN Secretary General Anastasiades and the foreign ministers securing the equal international Guterres announced that the parties of the three guarantor states; Turkey, status and sovereign equality of would reconvene to make a fresh Greece and the UK came together the two sides. It is argued that such attempt in two to three months’ under the auspices of UN Secretary a resolution will form the basis for time. Given the huge gap between General António Guterres at the the establishment of a cooperative the stated positions of the two sides, informal 5+UN meeting in Geneva relationship between the two states. expectations for a breakthrough on 27-29 April 2021. The purpose of As a second step, once their equal during the three-day Geneva talks the informal meeting, which brought international status and sovereign were low on both sides. Nonetheless, together the two Cypriot sides and equality is ensured, the two states are the meeting proved important for the the three guarantor states for the first to start negotiations on their future Turkish Cypriot side’s new vision to time since the collapse of the latest relationship as well as on property, be put on record by the UN Secretary round of talks aiming to find a lasting security, border adjustments and EU General. solution to the decades-long Cyprus Cyprus settlement talks have proved as the only realistic and viable solution. matters. The negotiations would be Evaluating the Geneva meeting issue in Crans Montana in July 2017, elusive amid rising tension over Turkish Cypriot side’s two-state vision supported by the guarantor states in a joint press conference with was exploring whether common hydrocarbon exploration rights in the has also been endorsed by Turkey. and when deemed appropriate by Foreign Minister Çavuşoğlu, TRNC ground exists between the two sides Eastern Mediterranean. Meanwhile, insisting on a solution the EU, as an observer. It is stated President Tatar stated that there for launching a new process. The Turkish Cypriot side went based on a bi-zonal and bi-communal that the two states would mutually was no point in starting formal As it can be recalled, the five to Geneva with a new vision for a federation, the Greek Cypriot side recognise each other and the negotiations before TRNC’s equal party conference in Crans Montana, two-state solution based on sovereign argued that the talks should continue guarantor states are to support that. status was confirmed. For his part, widely viewed as the last chance for equality. Indicating that the federal from the point left off in Crans As a last step, it is envisaged that Foreign Minister Çavuşoğlu criticised a settlement according to a federal formula, which has been negotiated Montana. any settlement reached during the the Greek Cypriot side for failing to formula broke down at a crucial for over 50 years has failed to yield During the Geneva talks, negotiations would be submitted for bring new proposals to the table point due to the intransigence and results, the Turkish Cypriot side TRNC President Tatar put forward a approval in separate simultaneous expressed Ankara’s determination to maximalist demands of the Greek advocates cooperation between six-point proposal supporting the referenda in the two states. support the Turkish Cypriot side’s new Cypriot side. Since then, initiatives two states on the basis of sovereign Turkish Cypriot side’s new vision. As On the last day of the talks, vision for a two-state solution based aimed at the resumption of the equality and equal international status a first step under the proposal, the stating that not enough common on sovereign equality.

TURKEY-US RELATIONS STRAINED OVER US PRESIDENT MINOR CABINET RESHUFFLE IN TURKEY REGARDING TWO BIDEN’S STATEMENT ON 1915 EVENTS AND THE F-35 ISSUE MINISTRIES urkey strongly rejected and The Turkish business community Tcondemned the statement made by reacted strongly to Biden’s statement on US President Joe Biden on 24 April 2021 the 1915 events. TOBB President M. Rifat concerning the 1915 events. Biden’s Hisarcıklıoğlu stressed that the decision labelling of the relocation of Ottoman of the US administration will not make Armenians resulting in casualties in the slander of the so-called “Armenian World War I as a “genocide” has caused genocide” a reality. Condemning the strong reaction on the part of Turkey. decision, TOBB President Hisarcıklıoğlu The Turkish Foreign Ministry in a written highlighted that history cannot be statement, criticised Biden for bowing in changed by political calculations as well ccording to a decree Yanık is a lawyer and to pressure from radical Armenian and as populist decisions and the decision Apublished in Turkey’s served as a board member anti-Turkey circles and indicated that the which distorts historical facts, will Official Gazette on 21 at the Women and statement was devoid of any scholarly negatively affect Turkey-US relations. April 2021, the Ministry of Democracy Association and legal basis nor was it supported TÜSİAD also issued a condemnation of Family, Labour, and Social (KADEM). Vedat Bilgin by any evidence. It was reminded that Biden’s statement and emphasized that Services was split into served as Chief Advisor the 1915 events did not meet any of historical events shall be evaluated by two as “Ministry of Family to President Recep Tayyip the conditions required for the use of historians and researchers. and Social Services” and Erdoğan and the Deputy the term “genocide” as defined under open deep wounds and undermine Another development concerning “Ministry of Labour and Chair of Presidential Social international law. Recalling the fact that mutual trust and friendship between Turkey-US relations in April was related Social Security”. For the Policies Board. In addition, the controversial nature of the 1915 Turkey and the US. The US Ambassador to military cooperation. According to two new ministries, new Trade Minister Ruhsar events was confirmed by the European in Ankara was summoned to the Turkish reports, the US Department of Defense names were appointed Pekcan was replaced Court of Human Rights and that the Foreign Ministry to express Ankara’s has notified Turkey of its removal while the Trade Minister with Mehmet Muş, the proposal for establishing a Joint History condemnation. Turkish Foreign Minister from the F-35 fighter jet programme. was also replaced. former Group Deputy Commission which Turkey had extended Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu rejected Biden’s The Pentagon has updated the Joint Accordingly, Derya Chairperson of the ruling to Armenia in 2005 was still on the table, statement on social media and said that Memorandum of Understanding with Yanık was appointed as Justice and Development it was stated that the statement made political opportunism is the greatest eight current participants, which Turkey the Minister of Family Party. Mehmet Muş is by Biden, who had no authority to judge betrayal of peace and justice. In addition, had signed in 2007 and it was stated and Social Services while an economist and was historical events, had no value. Moreover, on 27 April, the Turkish Grand National that Turkey will not be included in the Vedat Bilgin has become serving as a deputy from it was indicated that the US statement Assembly issued a strong condemnation updated version as a result of its removal the Minister of Labour Istanbul at the Parliament which distorted historical facts would of Biden’s remarks. from the programme. and Social Security. Derya since 2011.

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TURKEY-EU WATCH

TURKEY’S CENTRAL BANK BANNED IMF REVISED UP ITS CRYPTOCURRENCY PAYMENTS GLOBAL GROWTH

he Central Bank of the Republic FORECAST Tof Turkey (CBRT) banned the use of cryptocurrencies and MF revised its World Economic crypto assets in payments for Outlook and upgraded its global goods and services due to the I GDP growth forecast on 6 April possible irrevocable damage 2021. IMF expects the world and significant transaction economy to grow by 6% in 2021, risks. The ban also prohibits up from 5.5% foreseen in its companies handling payments January forecast and projects a and electronic fund transfers from stronger recovery in 2022 up from processing transactions involving 4.2% to 4.4%. cryptocurrency platforms. The Mexico (5%), Russia (3.8%), Brazil According to the IMF, (3.7%), South Africa (3.1%), Saudi relevant decision concerning the to any regulation and supervision possible illegal use without the advanced economies’ GDP growth Arabia (2.9%) and Nigeria (2.5%). ban has been published in the mechanisms nor a central regulatory authorisation of their holders is expected to be higher, up from Additional fiscal support Official Gazette dated 16 April 2021. authority, causing irrevocable risks. were among the reasons stated 4.3% to 5.1% in 2021, and from in a few large economies, the In an explanatory statement, Moreover, the danger of illegal by the CBRT. The restriction on 3.1% to 3.6% for the next year. anticipated vaccine-powered the CBRT underscored that the actions due to the cryptocurrencies’ cryptocurrencies came into effect Among the advanced economies, recovery in the second half of crypto assets are neither subject anonymous structures, and their on 30 April 2021. the US and Spain are projected 2021, and continued adaptation to grow both by 6.4% and are of economic activity to subdued followed by France (5.8%), the UK mobility played an important role (5.3%) and Canada (5%). in the upward revision by the IMF. “HALLOUMI/HELLIM” GRANTED EU GDP growth estimations for However, still high uncertainty the emerging markets are 6.7% and surrounds the world economic 5% for 2021 and 2021, respectively, outlook, related to the path of the GEOGRAPHICAL PROTECTION versus 6.3% and 5% projected pandemic, the effectiveness of in January. Among emerging policy support to provide a bridge n 12 April 2021, the world the Green Line Regulation to allow economies, highest expectations to vaccine-powered normalization, famous Cypriot cheese hellim cheese produced by the O are for India (12.5%), China (8.4%) and the evolution of financial “Halloumi/Hellim” was registered as Turkish Cypriot community to be and Turkey (6%), followed by conditions. a Protected Designation of Origin exported to the EU. (PDO) in the EU. The iconic white Although the registration of rubbery-textured cheese known as Halloumi/Hellim has been welcomed “the white gold of Cyprus” entered by EU officials as a confidence TWO NEW PRODUCTS FROM TURKEY the list of products protected building measure, there are some by the EU both under its Turkish uncertainties concerning the RECEIVED EU PDO STATUS name “Hellim” and its Greek name implementation of the package “Halloumi”. The registration aims adopted by the European to protect the name “Halloumi/ Commission. The TRNC Presidency, in Hellim” against imitation and a statement prior to the completion misuse across the EU by limiting of the registration process, indicated its production geographically to that the final versions of the texts the island of Cyprus. It implies caused concern among the Turkish were not shared with the Turkish that only the cheese produced in Cypriot community. Thanks to the Cypriot side and that their demands Cyprus according to the traditional efforts of the Turkish Cypriot side for more clarity on certain aspects recipe would be allowed to be and objections raised by Greek were left unanswered. Moreover, the marketed in the EU. Moreover, Cypriot producers on the sheep statement pointed to ambiguities as part of the package adopted and goat milk mixture the cheese concerning how controls would by the Commission, the Green should contain, the Greek Cypriot be carried out in practice and how Line Regulation governing the Administration had to withdraw sanitary and food safety inspections movement of people, goods and the initial application. A second to allow for trade through the services across the Green Line will application was submitted in July Green Line would be undertaken. ayramiç White (Bayramiç With the latest addition, the be amended paving the way for 2014 for registering the product Furthermore, the arbitrary practices BBeyazı) and Taşköprü Garlic number of Turkish products registered the Turkish Cypriots to export the under the names “Halloumi/Hellim”. and obstacles created by Greek (Taşköprü Sarımsağı) were granted in the EU’s PDO list and obtained a hellim cheese they produce to The Turkish Cypriot side had voiced Cypriot officials in trade through EU Protected Designation of geographical indication in the EU has the EU market. The Commission reservations about the appointment the Green Line Regulation are Origin (PDO) status and registered reached 7, while 18 more products has pledged to provide additional of the body to carry out controls another cause for concern in the in the list of products protected submitted for a PDO registration support to the Turkish Cypriot for PDO specifications. A common TRNC. In addition, the new product by the EU after publication in await approval from the European dairy sector for reaching EU food understanding on the subject was specification which would require the Official Journal of the EU on Commission. The other agricultural and animal safety standards. In reached between the two sides the Halloumi/Hellim to be exported 16 April 2021. Produced in the products of Turkey registered addition, it has proposed setting during a visit by the then European to the EU to contain at least 51% Bayramiç district of Çanakkale as PDO in the EU are; Gaziantep up a bi-communal Working Group Commission President Jean Claude- sheep’s and goat’s milk mixture has province, Bayramiç White is a Baklava (Gaziantep Baklavası), Aydın dedicated to Halloumi/Hellim to Juncker on 16-17 July 2015. Under been met with concern by dairy special kind of white nectarine Fig (Aydın İnciri), Malatya Apricot review the implementation of the the common understanding, an producers on both sides. Currently, having a special smell and flavour (Malatya Kayısısı), Milas Olive Oil (Milas package. The measures foreseen in internationally accredited body the cheese produced on both with a taste between apricot and Zeytinyağı) and Aydın Chestnut (Aydın the package are expected to take called “Bureau Veritas” was to sides of the island is largely made plum. Similarly, being peculiar to Kestanesi) Moreover, the application effect on 1 October 2021. be tasked with undertaking the from cow’s milk, the Turkish Cypriot the Taşköprü district of Kastamonu for the registration of Araban Garlic The Greek Cypriot necessary controls regarding PDO producers argue that it would take province, Taşköprü Garlic, with an (Araban Sarımsağı), which is known Administration’s unilateral specifications and simultaneous to at least 10 years to comply with the intense smell and more bitterness with its large teeth and high aroma application for registering the the registration of Halloumi/Hellim milk mixture specification and thus abounds in mineral matters and and produced in Araban district of common Cypriot delicacy under as a PDO, the Commission was to they have asked for an additional vitamins and is known with its Gaziantep province, to the EU’s PDO the name “Halloumi” in 2009, had present a proposal for amending 10-year transition period until 2034. benefits for health. list was submitted in early April.

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HIGH-LEVEL EXCHANGES

UKRAINIAN PRESIDENT ZELENSKY AMBITIOUS EMISSION REDUCTION TARGETS ANNOUNCED AT THE VISITED TURKEY AMID ESCALATING LEADERS SUMMIT ON CLIMATE TENSIONS WITH RUSSIA

n 10 April 2021, Turkish President ORecep Tayyip Erdoğan met with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky who was paying an official visit to Turkey for the 9th Meeting of the High-Level Strategic Cooperation Council between Turkey and Ukraine. The official visit took place at a time when the tension between Russia and Ukraine has been rising. In early April, Russia deployed S President Joe Biden hosted Brazil, and the announcement of troops along the Ukrainian border, Ua virtual climate summit the recently agreed EU Climate Law Donbass where government forces on 22 and 23 April 2021 on were the highlights of the summit. and Russian-backed separatists have the basis of the Minsk Agreements that has been intensified with the occasion of Earth Day. The While the host of the summit, the been fighting occasionally since dating back to 2014 and expressed reciprocal dialogue and work. Leaders Summit on Climate not US, announced a 50% net emission 2014. Turkey’s readiness to provide all In the Joint Declaration issued only brought together heads reduction by 2030 compared Speaking at the joint press the necessary support. Reiterating following the 9th Meeting of the of state and government, but to 2005 levels, one of the most conference held after the one- its policy of non-recognition of High-Level Strategic Cooperation also representatives from several ambitious climate targets has been on-one meeting and the 9th Crimea’s annexation and defending Council, the parties highlighted international organisations, declared by the UK. The UK vowed Meeting of the High-Level Strategic the territorial integrity and that the friendship built on good businesses, subnational to cut back its emissions by 78% Cooperation Council, President sovereignty of Ukraine, President neighbourliness and mutual governments, and indigenous by 2035. Erdoğan stated that as a country Erdoğan underlined his support respect and pledged to increase communities from 40 countries. The Turkish President Recep Tayyip prioritising peace in the Black Sea, for the Crimean Platform, Ukraine’s cooperation and coordination main objective of the summit was Erdoğan was one of the 40 leaders to demonstrate that “the US is back” invited to the summit. During his Turkey did not favour increased initiative that aims to bring the in the areas of economy, trade, in the fight against the climate speech at the summit, President tension in the region. President international community together tourism, security, defense industry, crisis by putting forward economic Erdoğan reminded of Turkey’s 2030 Erdoğan highlighted that the on Crimea. science, education and youth. opportunities for the future, as well climate target which pledges to current crisis between Ukraine For his part, Ukrainian President Affirming the two countries’ as asserting the need for enhanced reduce emissions by 21% lower and Russia should be resolved by Zelensky specified that the strategic willingness to increase cooperation global cooperation and ambition. than the business-as-usual scenario diplomatic and peaceful means. In partnership between Ukraine and in peace and stability, it was The new and more ambitious and stated that Turkey has been this regard, President Erdoğan also Turkey celebrated its 10th anniversary stated that the two states adhere climate targets by major economies exerting great efforts to reduce the stressed that the escalation should this year and that success is a themselves to the principles and such as the US, the UK, Canada and impact of climate change. be ended through dialogue on prominent result of a relationship rules of international law.

FOREIGN MINISTER ÇAVUŞOĞLU FOREIGN MINISTER ÇAVUŞOĞLU HAD ATTENDED THE NORTH ATLANTIC EXCHANGES WITH HIS EU COUNTERPARTS COUNCIL MEETING

n April, Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlüt outstanding issues between Athens and Ankara. IÇavuşoğlu held meetings with his Maltese Describing the accusations as unacceptable, and Greek counterparts in Ankara and visited Foreign Minister Çavuşoğlu underscored that oreign Minister Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu completed within a few months. Bucharest for the Turkey-Poland-Romania outstanding issues could be resolved through Fvisited Brussels to attend the NATO Under a February 2020 deal between Trilateral Foreign Ministers Meeting. On 13 April constructive dialogue and stated that provocative Council Meeting on 14 April 2021. Prior to the former US administration under 2021, Foreign Minister Çavuşoğlu came together language should be avoided. the meeting, Foreign Minister Çavuşoğlu Trump and the Taliban, the US forces with Malta’s Foreign and European Affairs Foreign Minister Çavuşoğlu paid a two-day came together with his counterparts from were foreseen complete their withdrawal Minister Evarist Bartolo. During the meeting, visit to Bucharest on 22 and 23 April to attend the Framework Nations of the Resolute by May 2021. The Biden administration the two foreign ministers discussed the recent the Trilateral Meeting of the Foreign Ministers Support Mission to evaluate the recent is planning to complete the withdrawal developments in the region including in Libya, of Turkey, Poland and Romania. In the context developments in Afghanistan. from Afghanistan by 11 September 2021, Cyprus and the Eastern Mediterranean, as well as of the visit, Foreign Minister Çavuşoğlu came During the NATO Council Meeting, the 20th anniversary of the 9/11 terrorist Turkey-EU relations and bilateral ties. together with his Romanian, Polish and Georgian Foreign Minister Çavuşoğlu underlined attacks. On 15 April, Foreign Minister Çavuşoğlu met counterparts and was received by Romanian the need for a comprehensive strategy for Together with his counterparts from with Greek Foreign Minister Nikos Dendias who President Klaus Iohannis. During the foreign Afghanistan and pointed to the Afghan other allies, Foreign Minister Çavuşoğlu paid a one-day working visit to Ankara and was ministers meeting, the ministers emphasized Peace Conference to be held in Istanbul in met with US State Secretary Antony also received by President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. that the trilateral mechanism had produced cooperation with Qatar and the UN. It was Blinken and Defense Secretary Lloyd The joint press conference after the meeting, many cooperation projects and discussed the announced after the meeting that forces Austin. It was stated that withdrawal did which began on a conciliatory tone with Foreign NATO Foreign Ministers Meeting, NATO Summit, under the Resolute Support Mission in not imply an abandonment of Afghanistan Minister Çavuşoğlu describing their meeting Ukraine, Black Sea, Syria and Afghanistan. Foreign Afghanistan would start withdrawing by 1 and that the developments in the country as very positive, turned into a tense exchange Minister Çavuşoğlu also participated in the May and that all drawdown is going to be would continue to be closely monitored. as the Greek Foreign Minister Dendias used the Turkey-Georgia-Poland-Romania-Ukraine Foreign occasion to repeat Greece’s complaints regarding Ministers Meeting.

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EXPERT VIEW THE 2019-2020 EP TURKEY REPORT AND ITS REFLECTIONS ON THE FUTURE OF TURKEY-EU RELATIONS The AFET Committee adopted the 2019-2020 Turkey Report which is the first report prepared by the new Rapporteur Nacho Sánchez Amor and the first Turkey Report to be voted in the new Parliament elected in May 2019.

Selvi EREN the report states that modernisation IKV Junior Researcher Three Main Areas of Backsliding in should be strictly conditional on the Relations the developments concerning the The 2019-2020 EP Report Copenhagen criteria on one hand, and states that in recent years Turkey-EU its non-discriminatory implementation relations have been characterised on the other hand. Linking the he first Turkey Report prepared by regression in three main areas: a modernisation of the Customs by Nacho Sánchez Amor, who backsliding in fundamental rights, Union to the implementation of the Tserves as the Turkey Rapporteur regressive institutional reforms and Additional Protocol, in other words in the 9th term of the EP covering an assertive foreign policy with to the condition that Turkey opens its the period 2019-2024, was adopted an increasingly anti-EU narrative. ports to vessels from the Greek Cypriot by the Committee on Foreign Affairs Following the submitted amendments, Administration of Southern Cyprus, (AFET) of the Parliament on 21 April recent developments concerning the the 2019-2020 EP Report extends 2021. The 2019-2020 Turkey Report, a tension in the Eastern Mediterranean the scope of the political blockage draft of which was submitted to the The EP reports for Turkey, which are dialogue and mutual understanding did have a negative impact on these preventing the opening of 14 chapters Committee on 11 November 2020, was subject to intense discussions in the EP between Turkey and European evaluations. Therefore, Turkey’s foreign and closing of all to further trade discussed by the AFET Committee in plenary after the preparation phase in societies, is the normative power policy towards Greece and the Greek integration between Turkey and the the past few months and 698 proposed the AFET Committee and submission of the accession negotiations over Cypriot Administration was added EU. amendments have been presented for of many amendment proposals, can Turkey, which might be interpreted as to the final report as an element that The 2019-2020 Report, which the 6-page-long document. The next be read as a reflection of the interest contradictory to a suggestion stated negatively affected the accessions does not present a positive projection step for the EP Turkey Report, following shown by the member countries in the in previous articles recommending a negotiations. Moreover, these main with regard to the future of Turkey-EU the completion the Committee phase, comments on Turkey-EU relations. formal suspension of the accession three developments indicated in detail relations, invites the parties to consider will be the EP plenary and the scope After examining the content and negotiations if the “current negative throughout the report are described as their own motivations, indicating a of the report will be presented for the subtitles of the 2019-2020 EP Report, a trend is not urgently and consistently a reason for the EU to doubt Turkey’s deeply negative view of the EP vis-à- approval of EP members elected in May general and detailed assessment of the reversed”. Stressing that “the accession commitment to the EU membership vis Turkey’s accession negotiations. 2019. Similar to the 2018 Turkey Report, accession process has been presented process is still the most powerful tool bid. The report is highly critical on However, arguments about the recommending a formal suspension under five headings and 34 items in to exercise normative pressure on fundamental rights and freedoms, evolution of bilateral relations into of accession negotiations, the current total. With 698 proposed amendments and constructive dialogue with the democracy, the rule of law, and the a transactional model would be a report reiterates this proposal on the during the discussion phase in the Government of Turkey, and that it is separation of powers. It is stated that fundamental values-oriented deviation grounds that backsliding in accession AFET Committee, the scope of the also the best framework to sustain shortcomings in the aforementioned for both the EU and Turkey, which negotiations increased even further. final version of the 2019-2020 Report the democratic and pro-European areas are causing the strategic goal of can be read as a warning sign for Stating that “Turkey-EU relations have published on 4 May has expanded aspirations of Turkish society and full EU membership to look unreliable Turkey to take concrete steps in the reached a historical low point”, the to 77 items with additional remarks promote convergence with the EU in the eyes of the EU. accession negotiations, as the EU is 2019-2020 Report recommends that regarding recent domestic and foreign and its Member States on policies If a positive assessment regarding also not willing to formally suspend the parties review their motivations and policy developments in Turkey. and standards, including fundamental Turkey-EU relations is mentioned Turkey’s EU membership bid. Within find alternatives instead of the current In the general assessment part rights and democratic values”, although in the report, it is related to the the scope of its sui generis story, mechanisms which are clearly not of the report, which mostly preserved a transactional relationship seems modernisation of the Turkey-EU Turkey is a candidate country with a functioning in terms of the accession key concepts from the draft, it is convenient according to the recent Customs Union and updating the 18 Customs Union covering industrial process. emphasized that the bilateral relations developments in bilateral relations, the March Turkey-EU Statement. The EP goods, which is the highest level have deteriorated to a point that 2019-2020 Turkey Report argues that it report, which praises Turkey as usual of integration with the EU for any What’s in One of the Most they can no longer be carried out can never replace the normative power for its tackling of the refugee crisis candidate country. Accordingly, it is of Controversial EP Reports? within the framework of the accession for democratisation and pro-European and its crucial role in hosting nearly 4 great importance for Turkey to return The non-binding EP reports negotiations, and therefore a different aspirations. million refugees, demands a continuity to its reform agenda of alignment with prepared for each EU candidate country type of relationship might need to be In that context, one might say that of cooperation on the migration the Copenhagen criteria in order to are both an answer and an evaluation considered. Nevertheless, the Turkey these two statements, which appear issue. Concerning the Customs eliminate the possibility of losing the showing how developments are Rapporteur, who does not make any to be contradictory, actually reflect Union, it is once again stressed that its gains acquired through years-long interpreted from the perspective of positive statements in the report the confusion experienced by the EU modernisation will have positive effects efforts since Turkey-EU relations cannot the Parliament, following the annual concerning the accession negotiations, institutions about the best model that for both parties since it will pave the go beyond the stage reached due to country reports published by the still expresses the importance of will not harm democracy, human rights way for a renewed dialogue, creating various reasons. The return of the lost European Commission. Likewise, the Turkey as a strategic partner for the and the rule of law when dealing with more jobs while boosting cooperation political will in this direction can bring EP report, which expresses how the EU in political, economic and foreign Turkey, and underline the fact that a and trade within the framework of the Turkey-EU relations, which have failed developments in the candidate country policy terms. Thus, the Union wishes to transactional model for relations would European Green Deal. to go beyond the sanctions, funding are perceived by member countries and establish the best possible relationship be not only a backsliding for Turkey but However, two fundamental cuts and transactional daily rhetoric in citizens, as the Parliament represents to avoid risking to lose Turkey as a also detrimental for the EU’s normative conditions are strictly required to recent years, again within the scope of people from 27 Member States, also strategic partner. On the other hand, power as an anchor for rule of law, achieve the full potential of the the accession negotiations and restore reflects the political, economic and another item that draws attention democratic principles and fundamental Customs Union with its modernised an environment of dialogue in which social aspects of the candidacy process. to the value of the continuation of a rights and freedoms. scope and mechanisms. Accordingly, the parties speak the same language.

On behalf of IKV: Istanbul Office Preparation for Publication Art Director Printing House: Ayhan Zeytinoğlu Esentepe Mahallesi Harman Sokak Melis Çinçinoğlu Ankara Ofset Editor -in- Chief: TOBB Plaza No: 10 Kat: 7-8 Editor Büyük Sanayi 1. Cadde

Assoc. Prof. Çiğdem Nas 34394 Levent Istanbul/Turkey Belma Özgen Necatibey İş Hanı Alt Kat No:

5 6 General Director

9 1 Graphic Designer Editorial Directors: Phone: +90 212 270 93 00 Levent Akbay 93/43-44 Yeliz Şahin Fax: +90 212 270 30 22 Cem Demir İskitler - Ankara / TURKEY MAY 2021 No: 72 MAY General Assistant Director Selvi Eren E-mail: [email protected] Umutcan Akbay

 ISSUE 72 . May 2021