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© in This Web Service Cambridge University Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02617-9 - Life Beyond Earth: The Search for Habitable Worlds in the Universe Athena Coustenis and Thérèse Encrenaz Index More information Index abiotic 23 Big Bang 6, 13, 23, 215 absorption 212, 213, 238, Biota 52–53, 153, 159 abundance 6, 8, 12, 47 black body radiation 64, 151, 210 accretion 4, 5, 30, 217 Brahe, Tycho 168 adaptive optics 79 Braille see under asteroids aerosol 149–153 brown dwarf 214, 216, 217 albedo 64 Bruno, G. 179 ALH84001 see under meteorite amino acid 33, 35, 36–41 Canali 15, 95–97 Amor asteroids see under asteroids carbon 6, 8, 14, 20, 22–23 Amphiphile 24–25 cycle 62 Anaxagoras 42, 179 isotopes 47 Anaximander 1 life based on 22, 23 angular momentum 114, 246 carbon dioxide 14, 20 Antarctic dry valley 52, 54 carbon monoxide 32, 38, 39, 48, 90, 110, 111, Antoniadi 95, 96 176, 182 Apollo (missions) 115, 249 Cassini, J-D. 118, 157, 159 Apollo 11 249 Cassini–Huygens (mission) 68, 82, 115, 118, Apollo asteroids see under asteroids 121, 122, 144, 146–150, 152–157, 159, Archaea 25, 53 166, 167, 267 Arecibo Observatory see under observatories Callisto 17, 64, 125, 127, 128, 131, 132, 134, Aristarcus 1 135, 140, 143, 144, 158, 266 Aristotle 1, 42 cell 25, 27–29 Arrhenius 42 Centaurs 117, 118 asteroids 116–120, 265 Ceres 116 Amor 116 CETI (Communication with Extraterrestrial Aten 116 Intelligence) 52, 272 Apollo 116, 118 Challenger see under space shuttles Braille 118 Chandrayaan-1 115 main belt 11, 114, 116–117, 119–120 Chang, S. 40 Itokawa 118 Charon 114, 184, 245 Masursky 118 Charylko see under trans-Neptunian Mathilde 118 objects (TNO) astrometry 188–190, 207–208 chirality 41, 43–45 Aten asteroids see under asteroids Chiron 117, 237 Atoms 20–22, 148, 202, 229 chlorophyll 234 ATV (Automated Transport Vehicle, ISS) 253 chondrites 32, 74, 159 chromatography 38, 98, 99, 151 Bacteria 25–30, 55–56, 128 Churyumov–Gerasimenko see under comets Bada, J. 32, 38–39 circumstellar habitable zone (CHZ) 60, 77, 78 Bar-Nun, A. 40 civilization 16, 75–77, 269, 270, 272 Bepi–Colombo (mission) 86 Clarke, A. 267 Bessel, F. W. 188 Clementine (mission) 115 281 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02617-9 - Life Beyond Earth: The Search for Habitable Worlds in the Universe Athena Coustenis and Thérèse Encrenaz Index More information 282 index climate 12, 32, 126, 225, 247–248, 250, 262 Earth 1–3, 8, 12, 19, 20 collapse, of nebula 5, 6, 9, 13, 196, 197 atmosphere 13 Columbia see under space shuttles early 26, 32, 38 comets 41, 75, 113, 114, 120, 123, 167–180 evolution 27, 39–41 Churyumov–Gerasimenko 75, 179, 237 formation 7, 27 Halley 75, 113, 114, 168–174, 177, 178, 186, oceans 33 Hyakutake 113, 114, 177 primitive 27, 36 Oort 120, 171, 176, 177 primordial 27 Tempel 1 175 terrestrial life 3, 19, 20, 22, 25–27, 29–35, Copernican revolution 2, 187 42, 44–59 Copernicus 79 eccentricity 78, 180, 183, 185, 218, 219 coronagraphy 238 ecopoiesis 260–264 CoRoT (mission) 81, 201, 203–206, 220, ecosphere 60 221, 239 Edgeworth, K. 180 cosmology 1, 231, 235 E-ELT (European Extremely Large Telescope) Cosmos 1, 35, 51, 58, 61, 119, 261 245, 246, 248 craters 73, 86, 87, 91, 92, 97, 103, 104, 114, Einstein, A. 193, 206 131–134, 139, 140, 155 elements 3, 6–8, 12, 20, 22, 23, 47, 66, 70 cryovolcanism 63, 131, 140, 144, 153, 154, abundance ratio 6–8, 12, 47 164, 165 cosmic abundance 6, 8, 47, 69, 102, 196 Curiosity see under Mars Science Laboratory solar system abundance 6, 7, 12, 13, 113, cyanobacteria 26, 27, 34 in meteorites 107 cyanogens 149 ELIPS (European Programme for Life and Cyrano de Bergerac 89 Physical sciences in Space) 253 ELT (Extremely Large Telescope) 235, 236, 248 Darwin 43, 50, 59 emission spectra 172, 201, 210–214, 230 Darwinian process 59 enantiomer 44–46, 166 Darwinian evolution 43, 59 Enceladus 17, 35, 56, 62, 63, 65, 123, 125, 128, Deimos 121 130, 144, 145, 159, 161–165, 167, 176, deep-sea vents 53, 54, 124, 128, 136, 153, 184, 210, 238, 244, 245 159, 161 energy 15, 23–25, 37, 50, 59 Deep Impact (mission) 175 metabolism 15, 24, 48, 50 Deep Space 1 (mission) 128 kinetic 34 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) 24, 28, 29, 33, sources 3, 19, 122, 127, 129, 136, 138, 142, 39, 44, 52, 57, 59, 125, 181, 273 143, 146, 152, 227 DNA world 33 environments, extreme 51_57, 65, 78, 82 eukaryotes 25, 27–29 enzyme 29, 33, 45, 46, 50, 53, 59, 193 function 24, 52 Epicurus 1, 187 prokaryotes 25, 27–29, 34 Epoxi (mission) 175 life 33, 52, 57, 59 equilibrium 10, 64, 210, 225, 226 protein 24, 28, 31, 33–37, 44, 52 thermodynamic 50, 58, 211 structure 52, 57, 59 Erathosthenes 1 DNA–RNA 24, 33, 39 Eris see under trans-Neptunian objects (TNO) deuterium 6, 13, 91, 105, 113, 177, 215, 217 Eros 118 deuterium/hydrogen (D/H) ratio 12–14 ESA (European Space Agency) 86, 165 denaturing, of protein 52 ethane 148, 153, 156, 167, 267 diffraction 89 eukaryote 25–29 Doppler 188–189, 192, 205, 227 Europa 17, 54–57, 63, 65, 67, 122–128, Drake, F. 76, 77, 272 130–138, 140, 142–144, 160, 164–166, Drake formula 76, 89, 140 244, 245, 266 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02617-9 - Life Beyond Earth: The Search for Habitable Worlds in the Universe Athena Coustenis and Thérèse Encrenaz Index More information index 283 ExoMars 105, 237 Hartley 2 114, 175, 177, 178 exploration 142–145, 165–168, 235–238, Haute Provence Observatory see under 249–250 observatories extrasolar planets (exoplanets) 2, 187–235 Hayabusa (spacecraft) 118–119 exo-Earth 203 helium 6, 8, 9, 13, 22, 197 ocean planet (waterworlds) 129, 140, 142 Herschel (mission) 81, 114, 177 super-Earth 203, 205, 218, 223, 225 Hertzsprung–Russell diagram 245 extremophiles 52, 67, 260, 275, 278 Hoyle, F. 43, 179 HST (Hubble Space Telescope) 5, 80, 81, 182, Flammarion 2, 85, 187 197, 200, 202, 229, 231 Fontenelle 89, 187 Huygens, C. 187 fossils 64 Huygens probe 68, 122, 144–157, 167 hydrogen 6, 8, 9, 20–23, 30, 31, 35, 38, Gaia theory 43 40, 50, 65, 73, 112, 156, 177, 197, GAIA (mission) 208, 239 215, 226 galactic habitable zone (GHZ) 78 hydrophilic molecules 24 galaxy 61, 76, 78, 81, 140, 206, 208, 214, 256 hydrophobic molecules 24 Galilean satellite 122, 125, 131–134, 143, 238 hydrothermal vent 53, 54, 124, 128, 136, 153, Galileo, Galilei 187 159, 161 Galileo (mission) 82, 89, 115, 117, 118, 121, Hyakutake see under comets 124, 132, 135, 137, 139, 140, 141 Ganymede 17, 54, 56, 65, 123–125, 127, 128, icy giants 9, 13, 66, 67, 122 130–135, 139–144, 158, 164–165, 245, Ida 117, 118 266 imaging, of exoplanets 209–213 gas giants 9, 66, 124, 129, 142, 227, 265 infrared radiation 151, 201, 210 Gaspra 118 infrared spectroscopy 80, 91, 118, 184, 210, genes 28, 51, 57 228, 230, 231–233 giant planets 6, 9–11, 13, 14, 30, 35, 54, 56, 66 Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) see under glycine 37, 45, 175 observatories GMT (Giant Magellan Telescope) 235 interstellar medium 12, 13, 45, 69–73, 75, 110, Goldilocks 60, 181 113, 168, 173, 174, 179 gravity 5, 8, 9, 30, 112, 130, 143, 157, 188 International Space Station (ISS) 250–254 Green bank Observatory see under Itokawa see under asteroids Observatories Io 130–134 greenhouse effect 32, 64, 65, 69, 78, 94, 111, isotopes 12–14, 47, 48 150, 151, 161, 226, 262–268 fractionation 14, 47, 166 ratio 12–14, 47, 48 habitability 59–64 definition 59, 64 Jewitt, D. 116, 180 requirements 19, 59, 78 JUICE (Jupiter and Icy satellite Explorer) 133, habitat 59–75 140–144, 237, 245 habitable conditions 2, 19, 20, 59–69 Juno 116, 237 habitable worlds 17, 19, 59–75, 82, 95, 121 Jupiter 6,7, 9, 10, 13, 17, 63, 65, 73, 82, 113, habitable zone 59–69 114, 116, 117, 121, 122, 125–127, 130, Haldane 34, 36, 42 131, 133, 135, 137, 139–141, 143, 164, Hale–Bopp 75, 113–114, 173–174, 177–178 171, 189, 190, 192, 195, 198–201, Halley, E. 75 209–212, 215, 216, 218–220, 227, Halley, comet see under comets 229–232, 23è, 238, 240, 244, 245, 266 HARPS (High Accuracy Radial velocity JWST (James Webb Space Telescope) 235, Planet Searcher) 192–193, 196, 205 239, 240 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02617-9 - Life Beyond Earth: The Search for Habitable Worlds in the Universe Athena Coustenis and Thérèse Encrenaz Index More information 284 index Kant, I. 4, 187, 196 Mariner 4 97 Kasting, J. 32 Mariner 9 97, 100 Kelvin (Lord) 42, 113 Mariner 10 86 Kepler (mission) 61, 81, 201, 204–206, 227 Mars 9, 94–110 Khare, B. 152 atmosphere 14, 67, 81, 87, 88, 97, 99, 100, Kuiper, G. 155 105, 110 Kuiper Airborne Observatory (KAO) see exploration 47, 85, 95, 99, 102, 105, 107, 116 under observatories habitability 65, 95, 225, 245, Kuiper Belt 11, 79, 114, 120, 171, 176–181, life 46, 47, 62, 63, 77, 94–110 199, 237, 244 water 14, 17, 54–57, 62–65, 99–111 Marsden, B.
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