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INDEX

All locations are Athens unless otherwise specified.

Aalto, Alvar, 385–387, 389 on shield of Athena Parthenos, 167, Acropolis, 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 189 179, 182, 263, 266, 268 Frankish Tower, 120, 346 on Temple of Athena Nike, 29 Mycenaean, 9–21, 23, 26 on west metopes of Parthenon, 29, 167, Periklean rebuilding of, 15, 51–57 178–183, 189, 252, 266 preservation of monuments, 3, 4, Amazons, 18, 29, 168, 189, 207. See also 165–166, 199, 300, 318–319 Amazonomachy sculpture from, 4 Amphitrite, 29, 168, 244, 250 wall of, 20, 21 animals. See sacrifices Acropolis Museum, 166, 226, 230, 344 Antiope, 178. See also Hippolyte new museum, 165 Apadana reliefs. See Persepolis sculpture in, 241, 245, 254 aparchai (aparche), 44, 57, 60 Aegina, Temple of Aphaia, 71, 101, 119, Aphrodite, 18, 168, 185, 188, 205, 206, 120, 121, 122, 124, 128, 131, 133, 216, 240, 272 136, 365 apobatai (apobates race), 213, 221 aegis. See Athena Apollo, 38, 60, 168, 205, 216, 218, 240, Aeschylus, Persians, 37 251, 268, 303, 317. See also Pheidias; Aglauros (daughter of Kekrops), 249 Temple of Apollo Agora, 1, 10, 17, 32, 52, 70, 80, 101, 179, Apollodorus, 243 184, 206, 211, 212, 219, 295–296,298, Library, 169 387 Archaios Neos, 22, 23, 24, 26, 78, 79, 86, Agorakritos, Nemesis by, 238, 240 114, 136, 283 akroteria (akroterion), 161, 253–254, 267 archˆe, 38, 39, 40–45, 46, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, Alaric, 296. See also Visigoths 60, 61, 62, 101–146 Alkamenes, 231–232 architects, 88–95, 108–111. See also Prokne and Itys by, 20 Iktinos; Kallikrates; Mnesikles Alkibiades, 281 modern. See Aalto; Berlage; Klenze; Le Amazonomachy, 178. See also Amazons; Corbusier; Strickland wall paintings architecture, modern, influence of as allusion to Persian Wars, 29, 182, 268 Parthenon on, 366–393

423

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424 efh Index

Archon Basileus, 204 Athena Parthenos, 28 Areopagos/Areopagus, 45, 178, 294, 348 Agora token, 5 Ares, 168, 205, 206. See also Temple of Ares base of, 167, 268 Aristophanes, cult status, lack of, 284 Knights, 204, 252 Nike in hand of, 29, 263, 264, 265, 266, Wasps, 51 267, 268, 278, 284, 285, 287 arrephoroi (arrephoros), 60 sandals of, 267 Artemis, 28, 168, 205, 218, 240 shield of, 29, 167, 182, 263, 266, 268. See Brauronia, 13, 28 also Amazonomachy sanctuary of, 14, 28 statue of. See Pheidias statue of. See Praxiteles treasury of, 54, 57, 206, 279 temples of. See Ephesos; Korkyra Athena Polias, Asklepieion, 307 altar of, 21 Asklepios, temple of. See Epidauros cult statue of, 22, 24, 28, 204 Athena, 10, 16, 20, 23, 24, 28, 42, 44, 60, priestess of, 204 61, 168, 190, 209, 243, 244, 251, 252, temples of. See Archaios Neos; 261, 272, 284, 286, 295, 296, 299, 332 Erechtheion aegis of, 169, 188, 245 Athena Promachos, 294, 385 birth of, 233, 234–236 removal to Constantinople, 299 and Christianity, 309–310 statue of. See Pheidias contest with Poseidon, 28, 233, 235, athlothetai, 206 242–243, 244 Attalid group, 18, 29 cult of, 242–243 Attalos I of Pergamon, 18, 29 on frieze, 172–173, 205, 206, 221 dedications of. See Attalid group on metopes, 168, 169, 172–173, Attalos II of Pergamon, 18 185–186, 188, 190, 267 Monument of, 18, 19 on pediment, east, 172–173, 225, 233, aulos. See musicians 234–236, 242, 267 autochthony, 244, 269 on pediment, west, 28, 225, 233, 235, 242, 244–245, 246, 249–250 Basel, Skulpturhalle, 164, 254 and Erichthonios, 249 Basil II. See Byzantine bishops festivals of. See Panathenaia Bassai, Temple of Apollo, 87, 90–91, 176 and Herakles, 169, 170 Berlage, Henri, 373 and heroes, 244 Boutes, 243 Homeric Hymn to, 235 Brauron, stoa of, 124 nature of, 172–173, 269 building accounts of Parthenon, 53–57 and Nike, 172–173, 244, 249, 267. See Byzantine bishops: also Athena Parthenos Basil II, 307, 309, 312 peplos of, 28, 60, 204, 208, 216, 217, Constans II, 302, 307 226, 235, 252, 310 Marinos, 309 and Poseidon (statue group), 20, 28 Theodosios, 308 relationship to Zeus, 268 statues of. See Athena Polias; Pheidias; Carrey, Jacques, 4, 226, 240 Varvakeion drawings of, 4, 165, 174, 201, 210, temple of. See Archaios Neos 226, 238, 244, 246, 248, 249, 250, in vase painting, 185, 235, 242, 244 251 and Zeus (statue group), 28 carving techniques, 162, 178, 231 Athena Hygieia, shrine of, 13 Caryatids, 104, 243. See also Erechtheion Athena Nike, priestess of, 92. See also Nike; cavalcade, 211, 212, 215 Temple of Athena Nike cavalry, 211, 213, 252

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Index egh 425

Centauromachy, 167, 267 of eponymoi, 206 on sandals of Athena Parthenos, 267 of gods, 188, 238–240, 250 on south metopes, 173–178, 267, 307 of kanephoroi, 208 Chalkotheke (bronze depot), 14, 16, 19, 28 of priests, 203, 217 chariots, 4, 18, 161, 169, 171, 172, 211, 212, 213, 214, 231, 235, 240, 244, ekklesia, 45–46, 52 249, 250, 252, 310 elders. See thallophoroi Choniates, Michael (Metropolitan of Eleusinian, Athens), 294, 308, 310, 311, 312 goddesses, 238, 240 Christianity, effect of, 294–317 Mysteries, 52, 248 church, Parthenon converted to, 300–317 eleutheria, 37, 115 Cicero, 266 Elgin, Lord, 4, 165, 200, 226, 230, 261, cisterns, 20 321, 333 color. See polychromy Elgin Marbles, 1–2, 4, 166, 174, 225, 321 Committee for the Preservation of the Ephesos, Acropolis Monuments. See Celsus Library, 37, 115, 142 Acropolis colonnaded portico, 142 Constans II. See Byzantine bishops Temple of Artemis, 117, 121 Corinth, Temple of Apollo, 118, 121 Tetragonos Agora, 156 Cyriac of Ancona, 199, 220, 316, 317, Ephialtes, 45 332 Ephoros (historian), 270 Cyzicus, Temple of Apollo, 303 Epidauros, Temple of Asklepios, 230, 278 Darius the Great, 35 tholos, 141 Deinomenes, statues of Io and Kallisto by, episkopos, 219, 262, 308 18 epistatai, 56 Delian League, 37–39, 44, 60 eponymai, 208 Delos, Temple of Apollo, 85, 94 eponymoi (eponymous heroes), 19, 206, Delphi, 207 Knidian Lesche, 184, 219 Erechtheion, 12, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 28, 78, Siphnian Treasury, 104, 119, 124 79, 86, 94, 138, 186, 204, 207, 218, tholos, 141 233, 243, 252, 354, 368 Demeter, 52, 60, 116, 205, 238 architects of, 94, 111 Demetrios of Alopeke (sculptor), 13 caryatid porch (Porch of the Maidens), monument of Kephisodotos, 13 25, 26, 104, 138 demos, 41, 45, 47, 48, 49, 53, 56, 58, 59 church, converted to, 301 demosion, 54 as cult space, 243 design of Parthenon, 74–88, 112–117, date of, 111, 136 127–138, 139–142 North Porch, 12, 111, 137, 138 Didyma, Temple of Apollo, 116 refinements of, 104, 111, 136–138, 143 Dio Chrysostom, 266 relation to Parthenon, 9–26, 28, 136, Diodoros, 270, 282 137, 138, 143 Dionysos, 168, 205, 216, 238, 240. See also relation to Propylaia, 136, 143, 368 Great Dionysia; Theater of Dionysos Erechtheum. See Erechtheion dipteral (temples), 73, 74 Erechtheus, 243, 244, 246, 248, 250, 251, dokimasia, 211, 216 252 drapery, 160, 181, 207, 250, 251 ergasterion, 310 dress, Erichthonios, 249, 263 of cavalry, 211 Eros, 168, 170, 172, 185, 188, 206, 216, of eponymai, 208 240

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Eumolpos, 248 Herakles, 168, 169, 170, 172, 176, 190, Euripides, Erechtheus, 246, 248 225 Eurymedon (river), 39 Herculius (proconsul of Illyricum), 241, euthynteria, 16 299 heritage debate. See repatriation Foce del Sele, Temple of Hera, 73 Hermes, 168, 205, 206, 218, 244, 249 foundations of Parthenon, 9, 10–22, 69, Herodotos, 35, 36, 58, 62, 241, 242, 101, 102, 106, 366 307 Frankish Tower. See Acropolis Herulian sack of Athens, 295, 296, frieze. See Ionic frieze 299 Hesiod, 270 Gauls, 18 Hestia, 240 Giants, 18, 23, 29, 167 hierophant, 248 Gigantomachy, hieros gamos, 188 on metopes, east, 29, 168–172, 173, 235, hipparchs, 211 266 Hippodameia, 173, 174 on pediment, east, 29, 235, 250 Hippolyte, 178. See also Antiope on pediment of Archaios Neos, 23 Homer, 268 on shield of Athena Parthenos, 29, 167, Homeric Hymn to Athena, 235 263, 266, 268 ring composition, 190 on Temple of Athena Nike, 29, 250 hoplites, 35, 38 in vase painting, 169 hydriai, 250, 281 gorgoneion, 245, 268 hydriaphoroi, 209 gorgons. See Medusa Hygieia. See Athena Hygieia Graces, 240 Hymettos, Mount, 236, 352 Great Dionysia, 60 Greenough, Horatio, 372 ideology of Parthenon, 25–29, 61–62 Iktinos, 30, 67, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, Hadrian, 101–108, 111, 112, 114, 144, 219 Library of, 297 inscriptions, 15, 24, 53, 58, 271, pedimental sculpture (misidentified as), 279–285, 296, 298, 307, 308, 316, 4, 227 322 Stoa of, 302 inventories, 279–287 Hebe, 174, 188, 205, 206, 216, 307 Io, statue of, See Deinomenes hecatomb, 209 Ionic frieze, 28, 29, 199–221, 261, 307 Hekate, 238 design of, 213–218 hekatompedon, 283, 284 drawings of, 4 Helios, 161, 168, 169, 235, 236, 269 execution of, 218–220 Hellenotamiai (Treasurers of the Greeks), influence on later art, 2 38, 53, 57 meaning of, 220–221 Hephaisteion (Temple of Hephaistos), 1, in photography, 353 17, 70, 80, 90, 94, 101, 113, 114, 120, refinements of, 110, 124, 125 122, 123, 124, 128, 129, 130, 131, removal of, 4, 136, 261, 305, 311 134, 144, 145, 218, 252, 301, 365 reuse of, 344 Hephaistos, 168, 205, 216, 235, 243, 249, second frieze, 5 268, 310. See also Hephaisteion size of, 1, 159 Hera, 35, 36, 168, 188, 205, 216, 241, 242, subject of, 201–213, 235, 281 299, 307 Iphikrates (general), portrait of, 18 temples of. See Foce del Sele; Samos Iris, 188, 205, 244, 246, 250 Herakleides, 114 Isocrates, 178

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Justinian, 299 appearance of, 160–162 date of, 159–160 Kallias. See Peace of Kallias defacement of, 3, 306–307, 365 Kallikrates, 67, 68, 88, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, designers of, 159 109–111, 219 drawings of, 4 Kallisto, statue of. See Deinomenes east, 29, 168–173, 235, 240, 266, 267. See kanephoroi, 208 also Gigantomachy kanoun, 207 north, 28, 29, 183–190, 235. See also Karpion, 88, 108–110, 114, 144 Sack of Troy Kekrops, 104, 227, 238, 243, 244, 249, 250, preservation of, 185 251 removal of, 4 Kephisodotos (general), 13 scholarship concerning, 162–164 monument of. See Demetrios of sculptors of, 159 Alopeke south, 29, 68, 76, 173–178, 209, 267. See Kimon, 39, 43, 45, 58 also Centauromachy kithara-players, 45, 209 themes of, 167–168, 190–191 Kleisthenes, reforms of, 45, 48, 209 west, 29, 178–183, 266. See also Klenze, Leo von, 379, 380–381 Amazonomachy kolossopoioi, 139 Mnesikles, 109–111, 133–136, 141, Konon (general), 20 145–146 and Timotheos, monument of, 20 Morosini, Francesco, 3–4, 226, 321 Kore, 52, 238 Mosque, Parthenon converted to, kourotrophos, 238, 269 317–320, 322–324, 336 Korkyra, Temple of Artemis, 73 musicians, 201, 209 Kreousa, 251 aulos-players, 201 Kritias and Nesiotes, Tyrannicides salpinx-players, 217 (sculpture group), 219 trumpet-players, 217 Kritios Boy, 106 naiskos (naiskoi), 26 Lachares, 274 Nemesis. See Agorakritos Le Corbusier, 370–378, 385, 387–392 Nesiotes. See Kritias Leokhares, 22 Nike. See also Athena; Athena Nike; Athena Zeus by, 22 Parthenos; Temple of Athena Nike Lucian, 273 akroteria, 161, 267 Lysander, 284 on Ionic frieze of Parthenon, 205 Lysippos, 139 on metopes of Parthenon, 168, 169, 170, 172, 267 Marathon, 16, 26, 220 on pediments of Parthenon, 244, 249, battle of, 35, 37, 39, 220. See also wall 267 paintings Nike Temple Decree, 92, 93, 94 Mardonius, 36, 37 Nikias. See Peace of Nikias Marinos, Bishop. See Byzantine bishops marshals, 206, 207, 208, 209, 211, 214, Oath of Plataia, 51, 52 216 Old Oligarch, 45 Medusa, 271 Old Temple of Athena. See Archaios Neos Megara, 43–44, 274 Older Parthenon, 16, 23, 26, 68–74, 78–79, Mehmet the Conqueror, 294, 317, 318 92 metics (metoikoi), 44, 49, 59, 208, 210 Olympia, Temple of Zeus, 10–22, 71–72, metopes of Parthenon, 1, 159, 261, 101, 119, 120, 128, 131, 144, 175, 306–307, 365 176, 231–232, 366

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Olympos, Mount, 167, 169, 172, 233, 235, Pheidias, 95, 109–110, 112, 219, 271, 274, 238, 248, 268 278 opisthodomos, 24–25, 84–86, 136, 283, Athena Parthenos (chryselephantine) 303–304 by, 20, 29, 53, 68, 72, 110, 114, 115, Ovid, 174 139, 167, 184, 219, 241, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266–267, 268–271, Paestum, Temple of Poseidon, 123, 373 272–274, 277, 278, 279, 282, 284, Palladion, 185–186 298 Panainos, 219 Athena Promachos (bronze) by, 12, 21, Panathenaia, 60, 206, 211–213, 235, 252, 25, 26, 29, 219, 278, 299 281, 296, 299 Apollo (bronze) by, 18 Great (quadrennial), 44, 60, 204, 209, Periklean building program, role in, 78, 235 88, 105, 110, 115, 219–220, 262 Panathenaic, self-portrait on shield of Athena prize amphorae, 213 Parthenos, 266 procession, 15–16, 28, 61, 209, 210, 213, workshop of, 219, 225, 232, 271 281 Zeus (chryselephantine) by, 110, 219, Panathenaic Way, 10–11, 189, 212, 215 240, 263, 268, 278 Pandora, 5 phialai, 185, 201, 281, 311, 318 Pandrosos, 209, 243, 249, 263, 264, 268, photographers: 269 Beato, Felice, 342, 344 Pausanias, 18, 20, 22, 89, 90, 175, 184, Bonfils, F´elix, 344, 354 219, 225, 232, 263, 272, 274, 276 Bridges, Reverend George W., 340 Peace of Kallias, 39, 51 Frith, Francis, 348 pediments of Parthenon, 28, 225–226, Gros, Baron Jean-Baptiste Louis, 261 337–338 defacement of, 306–307, 365 Konstantinou, Dimitrios, 344–346 design of, 230–234 Lotbini`ere, Joly de, 335, 337, 338 east, 234–242, 267. See also Margaritis, Philippos, 338, 339–340 Gigantomachy Moraitis, Petros, 347–348 history of, 226–230 Normand, Alfred-Nicolas, 340–341 west, 28, 242–253. See also Perraud, Philibert, 338 Amazonomachy Prangey, Joseph-Philibert Girault de, Peirithoos, 164, 174 337 Peisistratids, 48, 58 Robertson, James, 342–344 Pella hydria, 5, 244, 246, 249, 250, 281 Steichen, Edward, 356 Pentelikon, Mount, 352 Stillman, William James, 349–354 peplos,185,188,237,238,241,252.See also photography of Parthenon, 331–356. See Athena also photographers Pergamon, Altar of Zeus, 169, 225 albumen prints, 339–348. See also Beato; Perikles, 25, 46, 47–48, 50, 51, 52, 53, Bonfils; Frith; Konstantinou; 56–57, 58, 61, 92, 208, 219, 266, 270, Moraitis; Robertson 274 calotypes, 340–342. See also Bridges; funeral oration. See Thucydides Margaritis; Normand Persepolis, Apadana reliefs, 221 daguerreotypes, 334–339. See also Gros; Persian sack of Athens (480 BC), 23–24, 26, Lotbini`ere; Margaritis; Perraud; 51, 52, 68, 106, 178, 283 Prangey Persian Wars, 26, 35–38, 41, 103–104, 167, Pindar, 270 182, 251. See also Amazonomachy, 29, Nemean Ode (fourth), 216 182, 268 Plataia, 220. See also Oath of Plataia

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Plato, 106, 114, 116, 138–139, 140, 319, salpinx. See musicians 320 Samos, Temple of Hera, 74 Pliny, 139, 219, 263–264, 272, 279 sculptors. See Agorakritos; Alkamenes; Plutarch, 47, 56–57, 89, 92, 114, 262, 270, Kritias and Nesiotes; Leokhares; 276, 278, 281 Lysippos; Pheidias; Polykleitos; Perikles, 25, 51–52, 56, 88, 92, 219 Praxiteles; Timotheos Pnyx, 46 Siphnian Treasury. See Delphi polychromy, 2, 159, 160, 388 skaphephoroi (tray bearers), 209 Polygnotos, 184 skiagraphia, 138–139 Polykleitos, 106, 108, 112, 113 Slavic invasion. See Herulian sack of Canon of, 106, 113 Athens Porch of the Maidens. See Erechtheion Sophokles, 284 Poseidon, 4, 52, 168, 169, 170, 171, 205, Sounion, Temple of Poseidon, 90, 94, 351 206, 225, 242, 243–244, 245–246, sphinx, 263, 264–265, 268 250, 252, 332 Stillman, William James. See and Athena (statue group), 20, 28 photographers contest with Athena, 28, 171–172, 233, Stoa Poikile (painted colonnade), 179, 235, 242–243, 244, 246 184, 219. See also wall paintings cult of, 242, 244 Battle of Marathon painting, 219 Hippios, 243, 252 stools, 203, 204–205, 206, 208, 217, 251, Post-Herulian Wall, 296 281 Praxiteles, Artemis (bronze) by, 18 Strabo, 89, 110, 114 Praxithea, 251, 252 Strickland, William, 178, 379, 381–383 pre-Parthenon. See Older Parthenon Stuart and Revett, 2, 332, 363, 364, 381, Priene, Temple of Athena, 141 383 Proklos, 295, 296, 297, 310 symmetriai, 105–106, 108, 110, 115, 126 Prokne and Itys. See Alkamenes pronaos, 78, 80, 82–86, 90, 91, 119, 122, Temple of Aphaia. See Aegina 131–132, 133, 136, 143, 283, 303, Temple of Apollo. See Bassai; Corinth; 311 Cyzicus; Delos; Didyma Propylaia, 9, 10–14, 21, 109–111, 133–136, Temple of Ares, 94 139, 141, 143, 145–146, 212, 368 Temple of Artemis. See Ephesos; Korkyra propylon, 14–15, 19 Temple of Asklepios. See Epidauros Temple of Athena Nike, 9, 21, 26, 29, 79, reconstruction of Parthenon, 9, 298–300 86, 92, 93–94, 111, 240 refinements of Parthenon, 101–146 Amazonomachy on, 29 columns, thickening of, 124 Gigantomachy on, 29, 250 corner contraction, 124–127 refinements of, 138 curvature, 118–120 Temple of Athena Polias. See Archaios Neos; entasis, 121–122 Erechtheion inclination, 122–124 Temple of Hephaistos. See Hephaisteion repatriation, 333 Temple of Hera. See Foce del Sele; Samos Romantic Hellenism, 364–372 Temple of Poseidon. See Paestum; Roxanne (wife of Alexander the Great), Sounion 284 Temple of Roma and Augustus, 18, 22, 29 Temple of Zeus. See Olympia Sack of Troy, 28, 61, 167, 183–190, 316 thallophoroi (elders), 210, 218 sacrifices, animal, 29, 201, 209, 217, 296 Theater of Dionysos, 18, 114 Salamis, 37 Themistokles, 37, 295 battle of, 39, 220 Theodosian Code, 300

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Theodosios, Bishop. See Byzantine Visigoths, 294, 296. See also Alaric bishops Vitruvius, 88, 89, 101–105, 108–111, 112, Theodosius I, 296, 299, 300, 324 114, 115, 116, 124–127, 130, 132, theoxenia, 206 140, 141–142, 367 Theseus, 174, 176, 177, 178, 182, 190 tholos. See Delphi; Epidauros wall paintings, Thucydides, 2, 39, 40, 47, 53, 61–62, 114, Amazonomachy, 179, 184 270, 274, 282 Battle of Marathon (Stoa Poikile), Funeral Oration of Perikles, 48, 50, 53 219 thymiaterion (thymiateria), 208 Timotheos, monument of Konon and, 20 Xanthippos (father of Perikles), 18 tray bearers. See skaphephoroi Xenophon, Hipparchikos, 211 Trojan War. See Sack of Troy Xerxes, 35–36, 37, 62 Tyrannicides. See Kritias and Nesiotes Zeus, 168, 169, 171–172, 188, 205, 225, Varvakeion statuette of Athena, 263, 233, 235, 241, 242, 243–244, 246, 266 249, 268 vase painters, 136, 175, 185 and Athena (statue group), 28 Peleus Painter, 171 Polieus, 21 Painter of the Woolly Satyrs, 177, 179, sanctuary of, 21–22, 28 181 statues of, 274. See also Leokhares; Venetian bombardment of 1687, 3–4, 165, Pheidias 226, 320–321, 322 temples of, 73–74, 124. See also Olympia

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