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Base Station Antenna Selection for LTE Networks
White paper Base station antenna selection for LTE networks Ivy Y. Kelly, Ph.D. technology development strategist, Sprint Martin Zimmerman, Ph.D. Base Station Antenna engineering director, CommScope Ray Butler, MSEE Wireless Network Engineering vice president, CommScope Yi Zheng, Ph.D. Base Station Antenna senior engineer, CommScope December 2017 Contents Executive summary 3 Antenna overview 3 LTE fundamentals 3 Selecting the optimum antenna for your network 5 Conclusion 6 References 6 About the authors 7 commscope.com 2 Executive summary Rapid mobile data growth is requiring the industry to use more sophisticated, higher-capacity access technologies like LTE, which supports many advanced antenna techniques. LTE requires precise containment of RF signals used to transmit mobile data, which can only be accomplished with high-performance antennas. This paper gives an overview of antennas and their application in practical configurations for various types of LTE antenna techniques. Antenna overview Antenna parameters can be separated into two categories, as shown The first LTE specification is part of 3GPP Release 8, which was below. Primary parameters (Table 1) are those specifically mentioned frozen in December 2008. LTE-Advanced generally refers to the LTE when defining the type of antenna used in a particular application. features that are found in Release 10 and beyond. LTE-Advanced For a given antenna vendor, the primary parameters are enough to features include CA, eight-layer DL transmission, four-layer UL identify a specific model that can be used. Secondary parameters transmission, and enhanced inter-cell interference coordination (Table 2) are those that impact performance and can be used to (eICIC).2 Release 10 features are just now being deployed. -
Federal Communications Commission § 90.665
Federal Communications Commission § 90.665 § 90.656 Responsibilities of base sta- where within their authorized MTA, tion licensees of Specialized Mobile provided that: Radio systems. (1) The MTA licensee affords protec- (a) The licensees of base stations that tion, in accordance with § 90.621(b), to provide Specialized Mobile Radio serv- all sites for which applications were ice on a commercial basis of the use of filed on or prior to August 9, 1994. individuals, Federal government agen- (2) The MTA licensee complies with cies, or persons eligible for licensing any rules and international agreements under either subparts B or C of this that restrict use of frequencies identi- part will be responsible for exercising fied in their spectrum block, including effective operational control over all the provisions of § 90.619 relating to mobile and control stations that com- U.S./Canadian and U.S./Mexican border municate with the base station. The areas. base station licensee will be respon- (3) The MTA licensee limits its field sible for assuring that its system is op- strength at any location on the border erated in compliance with all applica- of the MTA service area in accordance ble rules and regulations. with § 90.671 and masks its emissions in accordance with § 90.669. (b) Customers that operate mobile (b) In the event that the authoriza- units on a particular Specialized Mo- tion for a previously authorized co- bile Radio system will be licensed to channel station within the MTA licens- that system. A customer that operates ee’s authorized spectrum block is ter- temporarily on more than one system minated or revoked, the MTA licens- will be deemed, when communicating ee’s co-channel obligations to such sta- with the other system, to be tempo- tion will cease upon deletion of the fa- rarily licensed to the other system and cility from the Commission’s licensing for that temporary period, the licensee record. -
SCS PACTOR 4 (Pdf)
1. Introduction 1 Introduction 1.1 SCS P4dragon, the next Generation Thank you for purchasing the SCS P4dragon DR7800 high performance HF radio modem. SCS modems are the original PACTOR mode modems developed by the people who have created all PACTOR modes. From SCS and SCS representatives, you will receive the best possible support and benefit from the concentrated knowledge of the PACTOR engineers who invented PACTOR. With the introduction of the P4dragon DR7800 modem, SCS also announces PACTOR-4 as a new mode of high performance data transmission over HF frequencies. P4dragon stands for high sophisticated algorithms of communication engineering and high computation power of the PACTOR modems of the fourth generation. 1.2 Packaging list This is a complete list of hardware and software supplied with the SCS P4dragon: • 1 x P4dragon DR7800 High Performance HF-Radio Modem • 1 x Installation Guide • 1 x SCS CD-ROM • 1 x 8 pole DIN cable • 1 x 13 pole DIN cable • 1 x USB cable • 1 x RJ45 Patch cable (with installed “network option”) 1.3 Requirements to operate a PACTOR Modem A transceiver capable of switching between transmit and receive within 20 ms. Most modern transceivers fulfill this requirement. A computer that provides an USB interface or Bluetooth capability. An appropriate terminal program to operate with a USB or Bluetooth virtual COM port. 1.4 About this installation guide This installation manual contains only relevant information about the installation of your SCS P4dragon modem and popular applications like HF email. You can find complete documentation and detailed descriptions of the command set of the P4dragon in the electronic version of the complete manual (PDF format) on the SCS CD-ROM supplied with your modem. -
Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) Handbook 2018 I CONTENTS
FOREWORD This handbook has been produced by the Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA), and is intended for use on ships that are: • compulsorily equipped with GMDSS radiocommunication installations in accordance with the requirements of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea Convention 1974 (SOLAS) and Commonwealth or State government marine legislation • voluntarily equipped with GMDSS radiocommunication installations. It is the recommended textbook for candidates wishing to qualify for the Australian GMDSS General Operator’s Certificate of Proficiency. This handbook replaces the tenth edition of the GMDSS Handbook published in September 2013, and has been amended to reflect: • changes to regulations adopted by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) World Radiocommunications Conference (2015) • changes to Inmarsat services • an updated AMSA distress beacon registration form • changes to various ITU Recommendations • changes to the publications published by the ITU • developments in Man Overboard (MOB) devices • clarification of GMDSS radio log procedures • general editorial updating and improvements. Procedures outlined in the handbook are based on the ITU Radio Regulations, on radio procedures used by Australian Maritime Communications Stations and Satellite Earth Stations in the Inmarsat network. Careful observance of the procedures covered by this handbook is essential for the efficient exchange of communications in the marine radiocommunication service, particularly where safety of life at sea is concerned. Special attention should be given to those sections dealing with distress, urgency, and safety. Operators of radiocommunications equipment on vessels not equipped with GMDSS installations should refer to the Marine Radio Operators Handbook published by the Australian Maritime College, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia. No provision of this handbook or the ITU Radio Regulations prevents the use, by a ship in distress, of any means at its disposal to attract attention, make known its position and obtain help. -
GENERAL AVIATION ANTENNAS Clearly Better Performance—At Any Altitude
GENERAL AVIATION ANTENNAS Clearly better performance—at any altitude. RAMI antennas are known for their streamlined aesthetics, great value, and for what really matters when you're navigating at 24,000 feet: reliable performance. By maintaining our focus on antennas and keeping all of our design and manufacturing in house, the improvements will just keep on coming. COM VOR/LOC/GS Transponder/DME Transponder Marker Beacon GPS Antenna Diplexers/Splitter Base Station ELT Ground Vehicular Cable Assemblies COM AV‐10 Frequency: 118–137 MHz The AV‐10 is designed for high‐performance aircraft applications. It exhibits excellent electrical characteristics and incorporates an efficient aerodynamic 4‐bolt mounting base. The antenna essentially matches the styling of the communication antennas currently used on most singles and light twins. The antenna is designed to operate at speeds up to 350 mph and altitudes up to 50,000 ft. It has a drag force of 2.70 lb @ 250 mph. This antenna is a direct replacement for the CI 121. Antenna AV‐17 Frequency: 118–137 MHz The AV‐17 is designed specifically for mounting to the underside of an aircraft, providing an excellent radiation pattern for air‐to‐ground communications. It has a 4‐bolt mounting base and is low in profile. The antenna is designed to operate at speeds up to 350 mph and altitudes up to 50,000 ft. It has a drag force of 0.66 lb @ 250 mph. This antenna is a direct replacement for the CI 122. AV‐529 Frequency: 118–137 MHz The AV‐529 is designed for broadband communications (118‐137 MHz). -
TRB Straight to Recording for All Airport Advisories at Non-Towered
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD TRB Straight to Recording for All Airport Advisories at Non-Towered Airports ACRP is an Industry-Driven Program ✈ Managed by TRB and sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). ✈ Seeks out the latest issues facing the airport industry. ✈ Conducts research to find solutions. ✈ Publishes and disseminates research results through free publications and webinars. Opportunities to Get Involved! ✈ ACRP’s Champion program is designed to help early- to mid- career, young professionals grow and excel within the airport industry. ✈ Airport industry executives sponsor promising young professionals within their organizations to become ACRP Champions. ✈ Visit ACRP’s website to learn more. Additional ACRP Publications Available Report 32: Guidebook for Addressing Aircraft/Wildlife Hazards at General Aviation Airports Report 113: Guidebook on General Aviation Facility Planning Report 138: Preventive Maintenance at General Aviation Airports Legal Research Digest 23: A Guide for Compliance with Grant Agreement Obligations to Provide Reasonable Access to an AIP-Funded Public Use General Aviation Airport Synthesis 3: General Aviation Safety and Security Practices Today’s Speakers Dr. Daniel Prather, A.A.E., CAM DPrather Aviation Solutions, LLC Presenting Synthesis 75 Airport Advisories at Non-Towered Airports ACRP Synthesis 75: Airport Advisories at Non- Towered Airports C. Daniel Prather, Ph.D., A.A.E., CAM DPrather Aviation Solutions, LLC California Baptist University C. Daniel Prather, Ph.D., A.A.E., CAM Principal Investigator • Founder, DPrather Aviation Solutions, LLC • Current Founding Chair and Professor of Aviation Science, California Baptist University • Former Assistant Director of Operations, Tampa International Airport • Instrument-rated Private pilot ACRP Synthesis 75 Topic Panel Kerry L. -
Choosing a Ham Radio
Choosing a Ham Radio Your guide to selecting the right equipment Lead Author—Ward Silver, NØAX; Co-authors—Greg Widin, KØGW and David Haycock, KI6AWR • About This Publication • Types of Operation • VHF/UHF Equipment WHO NEEDS THIS PUBLICATION AND WHY? • HF Equipment Hello and welcome to this handy guide to selecting a radio. Choos- ing just one from the variety of radio models is a challenge! The • Manufacturer’s Directory good news is that most commercially manufactured Amateur Radio equipment performs the basics very well, so you shouldn’t be overly concerned about a “wrong” choice of brands or models. This guide is intended to help you make sense of common features and decide which are most important to you. We provide explanations and defini- tions, along with what a particular feature might mean to you on the air. This publication is aimed at the new Technician licensee ready to acquire a first radio, a licensee recently upgraded to General Class and wanting to explore HF, or someone getting back into ham radio after a period of inactivity. A technical background is not needed to understand the material. ABOUT THIS PUBLICATION After this introduction and a “Quick Start” guide, there are two main sections; one cov- ering gear for the VHF and UHF bands and one for HF band equipment. You’ll encounter a number of terms and abbreviations--watch for italicized words—so two glossaries are provided; one for the VHF/UHF section and one for the HF section. You’ll be comfortable with these terms by the time you’ve finished reading! We assume that you’ll be buying commercial equipment and accessories as new gear. -
VHF Base Station Transceiver 75 Watt VHF Transceiver Type DCB 9140 IP
DATA SHEET DATA VHF Base Station Transceiver 75 Watt VHF Transceiver Type DCB 9140 IP The Danphone VHF base station transceiver type DCB 9140 IP is specifically designed to operate in the marine VHF band. The latest feature include built-in Voice over IP and DSC modem controlled via LAN. KEY FEATURES • GMDSS compliant • Voice over IP • Remote-control over IP • Built-in DSC modem option • Choice of single or dual receivers • Specifically designed and manufactured for 24/7 operation The transceiver connects with LAN, antenna and • Fully scalable from small ports to large power supply. national coastal radio systems In addition to VoIP and remote-control over IP, the • Proven and tested for operation under DCB9140 transceiver allows for local control via optional display and handset. harsh environments Nato Stock number: 5825-22-632-0324 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Danphone item number: 152.2024.001 CONNECTIONS LED INDICATORS • LAN • Green: power and health • RS422 • Red: TX • 13.2VDC • Green: Sq. RX2 • Auxiliary connector • Green: Sq: RX1 • TX antenna • RX antenna GENERAL TRANSMITTER RECEIVER REMOTE SETTINGS Frequency range RF output power RX sensitivity Channels 156 – 163 MHz 1-75 Watt adjustable Better than -117 dBm / 20 dB All international marine channels (up to 174 MHz upon request) SINAD before duplexer. Better than -119 dBm / 12 dB SINAD before duplexer Operating modes Spurious emission Spurious response Transmitter power level Duplex, Semi-Duplex, Simplex < -85 dB Relative Carrier Better than 80 dB 1–75 Watt Duty cycle Adjacent channel -
LMR Systems Are Terrestrially-Based, Wireless Communications Systems
THE LAND MOBILE RADIO (LMR) BACKGROUND SUMMARY LMR systems are terrestrially-based, wireless communications systems commonly used by federal, state, local, tribal, and territorial emergency responders, public works companies, and even the military to support voice and low-speed data communications. LMR systems have been deployed since the 1930s to support mission-critical voice communications. Over time, many public safety agencies have migrated from basic LMR systems to more advanced communications systems. LMR systems typically consist of handheld portable radios, mobile radios, base stations, a network, and repeaters. • Handheld portable radios are carried by public safety personnel and tend to have a limited transmission range. • Mobile radios are often located in vehicles and use the vehicle’s power supply and a larger antenna, providing a greater transmission range than handheld portable radios. • Base station radios are located in fixed positions, such as public safety answering points or dispatch centers, and tend to have the most powerful transmitters. • A network is required to connect the different base stations to the same communications system. • Repeaters are used to increase the effective communications range of handheld portable radios, mobile radios, and base station radios by retransmitting received radio signals. For decades, first responder public safety communications has been synonymous with push-to-talk (PTT) voice service provided by Land Mobile Radio (LMR) technology, i.e., the two-way radios used by police, fire, medical, and other emergency management personnel. Many agencies have moved from basic, conventional systems to more complex trunked systems. Conventional radio systems have dedicated frequencies and channels assigned to individual groups of users. -
UMTS); Requirements on Ues Supporting a Release-Independent Frequency Band (3GPP TS 25.307 Version 5.3.0 Release 5)
ETSI TS 125 307 V5.3.0 (2004-09) Technical Specification Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Requirements on UEs supporting a release-independent frequency band (3GPP TS 25.307 version 5.3.0 Release 5) 3GPP TS 25.307 version 5.3.0 Release 5 1 ETSI TS 125 307 V5.3.0 (2004-09) Reference RTS/TSGR-0225307v530 Keywords UMTS ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http://www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. -
MMM7210 WCDMA/GSM/EDGE Transceiver
Freescale Semiconductor Document Number: MMM7210 Data Sheet: Technical Data Rev. 2.2, 07/2010 MMM7210 MMM7210 LGA–170 WCDMA/GSM/EDGE Ordering Information Transceiver Device Device Marking Package MMM7210B MMM7210 170 pin LGA 1 Introduction Contents 1 Introduction . .1 The MMM7210 transceiver is a highly integrated 2 Features . .2 transceiver that supports 3GPP WCDMA/GSM/EGPRS 3 MMM7210 Signal Description . .3 wireless standards. The digital input/output of the 4 Electrostatic Discharge Characteristics . .8 MMM7210 interfaces directly to a baseband processor 5 Electrical Characteristics . .9 using either Freescale legacy interface (FLI) or standard 6 MMM7210 Applications Circuit . .27 3G DigRF interfaces. 7 Package Information and Pinout . .30 8 Product Documentation . .33 The MMM7210 receiver has five independent RF inputs which encompass all wireless band combinations. Each path supports three primary modes of operation: a reduced current and gain state to support WCDMA with an external LNA and interstage SAW, an EGPRS mode in which the LNA is connected directly to a SAW, and a high linearity mode to support WCDMA operation when directly matched to a duplexor. The three different modes provide approximately the same input impedances such that, even though the input match is optimized for one mode, all three modes are usable. Multi-mode RF inputs are converted to a common baseband path which is shared between WCDMA and EGPRS. This common baseband path is optimized for die area and current consumption through the use of a Freescale reserves the right to change the detail specifications as may be required to permit improvements in the design of its products. -
Part 80 VHF Transceivers
PartPart 8080 -- VHFVHF TransceiversTransceivers andand MarineMarine RadarsRadars Andy Leimer Equipment Authorization Branch Federal Communications Commission Office of Engineering and Technology Laboratory Division ScopeScope B3B3 –– MaritimeMaritime ServicesServices MaritimeMaritime PresentationPresentation ScopeScope TCBs have been able to review these applications and may continue to do so The US Coast Guard regularly reviews Granted applications and contacts the FCC if there are issues – this may result in an Audit Presentation intended to clarify Maritime issues and review process May 2005 TCB Workshop 2 ScopeScope B3B3 –– MaritimeMaritime ServicesServices GMDSSGMDSS OverviewOverview The Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) is an international system which uses terrestrial and satellite technology and ship-board radio-systems to ensure rapid, automated, alerting of shore based communication and rescue authorities, in addition to ships in the immediate vicinity, in the event of a marine distress. GMDSS is the general “umbrella” that cover many Maritime radio services May 2005 TCB Workshop 3 ScopeScope B3B3 –– MaritimeMaritime ServicesServices GMDSSGMDSS OverviewOverview (Cont.)(Cont.) May 2005 TCB Workshop 4 ScopeScope B3B3 –– MaritimeMaritime ServicesServices GMDSSGMDSS –– RadioRadio CommunicationsCommunications MF (including DSC) – 2 MHz Band HF (including DSC and telex) – 4, 6, 12,16, 18, 22, and 25 MHz Bands VHF (including DSC) – 156 to 162 MHz May 2005 TCB Workshop 5 ScopeScope B3B3 –– MaritimeMaritime ServicesServices