I M N a M E N D E R R E P U B L I
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Evolution of Russian, Syrian, and Iranian Actions Against the Jihadist Movements and Turkish-U.S
ISPSW Strategy Series: Focus on Defense and International Security Issue The Evolution of Russian, Syrian, and Iranian Actions Against the No. 394 Jihadist Movements and Turkish-U.S. Responses Jan 2016 Yossef Bodansky The Evolution of Russian, Syrian, and Iranian Actions Against the Jihadist Movements and Turkish-U.S. Responses Yossef Bodansky January 2016 Abstract Almost three months into the Russian military intervention in Syria and Iraq - a clear strategy has emerged. Russia is spearheading a regional allied effort to consolidate tangible gains - to stabilize the lines before Winter freezes the fighting. When fighting resume in early Spring 2016, the Jihadist forces will no longer be able to threaten the Fertile Crescent of Minorities and the buffer areas surrounding Shiite Iraq. Emboldened, better equipped and retrained - the forces allied with Russia will then be able to go on the strategic offensive under a unified master-plan. In mid-October, the Kremlin clarified that the Russian strategic-political objectives in Syria are to stabilize and consolidate the Assad administration as the key to defeating the Jihadist forces, as well as to compel the US-led West to accept and acknowledge this reality. For the Kremlin, all anti-Assad forces are terrorists. In mid-November, Putin returned to Moscow from the G-20 summit convinced that any attempt to deal with Obama was an exercise in futility and that a major face-off, even crisis, over Syria was only a question of time. Hence, the Kremlin resolved to seize the strategic initiative. Thus, the Russian military intervention has already had a profound impact on the region’s strategic-political posture. -
Iraq Tribal Study – Al-Anbar Governorate: the Albu Fahd Tribe
Iraq Tribal Study AL-ANBAR GOVERNORATE ALBU FAHD TRIBE ALBU MAHAL TRIBE ALBU ISSA TRIBE GLOBAL GLOBAL RESOURCES RISK GROUP This Page Intentionally Left Blank Iraq Tribal Study Iraq Tribal Study – Al-Anbar Governorate: The Albu Fahd Tribe, The Albu Mahal Tribe and the Albu Issa Tribe Study Director and Primary Researcher: Lin Todd Contributing Researchers: W. Patrick Lang, Jr., Colonel, US Army (Retired) R. Alan King Andrea V. Jackson Montgomery McFate, PhD Ahmed S. Hashim, PhD Jeremy S. Harrington Research and Writing Completed: June 18, 2006 Study Conducted Under Contract with the Department of Defense. i Iraq Tribal Study This Page Intentionally Left Blank ii Iraq Tribal Study Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CHAPTER ONE. Introduction 1-1 CHAPTER TWO. Common Historical Characteristics and Aspects of the Tribes of Iraq and al-Anbar Governorate 2-1 • Key Characteristics of Sunni Arab Identity 2-3 • Arab Ethnicity 2-3 – The Impact of the Arabic Language 2-4 – Arabism 2-5 – Authority in Contemporary Iraq 2-8 • Islam 2-9 – Islam and the State 2-9 – Role of Islam in Politics 2-10 – Islam and Legitimacy 2-11 – Sunni Islam 2-12 – Sunni Islam Madhabs (Schools of Law) 2-13 – Hanafi School 2-13 – Maliki School 2-14 – Shafii School 2-15 – Hanbali School 2-15 – Sunni Islam in Iraq 2-16 – Extremist Forms of Sunni Islam 2-17 – Wahhabism 2-17 – Salafism 2-19 – Takfirism 2-22 – Sunni and Shia Differences 2-23 – Islam and Arabism 2-24 – Role of Islam in Government and Politics in Iraq 2-25 – Women in Islam 2-26 – Piety 2-29 – Fatalism 2-31 – Social Justice 2-31 – Quranic Treatment of Warfare vs. -
Informations Sur Les Tribus Irakiennes De La Région De Tikrit Et Leur Implication Dans Les Événements De 2003-2007
IRAK Note 4 juillet 2014 Informations sur les tribus irakiennes de la région de Tikrit et leur implication dans les événements de 2003-2007 Avertissement Ce document a été élaboré par l’Ofpra en vue de fournir des informations aux agents chargés du traitement des demandes de protection internationale. Il ne prétend pas faire le traitement exhaustif de la problématique, ni apporter de preuves concluantes quant au fondement d’une demande de protection internationale particulière. Il ne doit pas être considéré comme une position officielle de l’Ofpra ou des autorités françaises. Ce document, rédigé conformément aux lignes directrices communes à l’Union européenne pour le traitement de l’information sur le pays d’origine (avril 2008) [cf. http://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/documents/Lignes_directrices_UE.pdf], se fonde principalement sur des renseignements puisés dans des sources qui sont à la disposition du public. Toutes les sources utilisées sont référencées. Elles ont été sélectionnées avec un souci constant de recouper les informations. Le fait qu’un événement, une personne ou une organisation déterminée ne soit pas mentionné(e) dans la présente production ne préjuge pas de son inexistence. La reproduction ou diffusion du document n’est pas autorisée, à l’exception d’un usage personnel, sauf accord de l’Ofpra en vertu de l’article L. 335-3 du code de la propriété intellectuelle. Irak – Informations sur les tribus de Tikrit et les événements de 2003-2007 Sommaire 1. Les tribus arabes dans la société irakienne..................................................... 3 2. Les tribus de la province de Salah ad-Din (Tikrit) ............................................ 4 3. La province de Salah ad-Din (Tikrit) sous Saddam Hussein .............................. -
Download the Transcript
1 KURDS-2016/12/05 THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION KURDS - A BEACON OF HOPE OR HARBINGER OF MORE CHAOS? Washington, D.C. Monday, December 5, 2016 PARTICIPANTS: KEMAL KIRIŞCI TUSIAD Senior Fellow and Turkey Project Director, Center on the United States and Europe The Brookings Institution AYŞEGUL AYDIN Associate Professor of Political Science, University Colorado-Boulder NICHOLAS DANFORTH Senior Policy Analyst, National Security Program, Bipartisan Policy Center SONER CAGAPTAY Beyer Family Fellow Director, Turkish Research Program, The Washingtonian Institute * * * * * ANDERSON COURT REPORTING 706 Duke Street, Suite 100 Alexandria, VA 22314 Phone (703) 519-7180 Fax (703) 519-7190 2 KURDS-2016/12/05 P R O C E E D I N G S MR. KIRIŞCI: Well, I decided to be a bad boy and get up and speak from here other than do what I was told to do which was sit in my chair. So, I apologize for that. Welcome to our panel to launch Ayşegül Aydın and Cem Emrence. Her paper, “Two Routes to an Impasse: Understanding Turkey’s Kurdish Policy.” Part and parcel to our Turkey project policy papers, it’s the tenth one. We’re very proud of it. We’re also very happy that we feel that it’s a very timely paper. As you know, both Turkey and the region around Turkey, especially Syria and Iraq, are experiencing considerable (inaudible) and instability at some human cost as well as destruction, especially in Iraq and Syria. And all this is coinciding with a time when we’re wondering what shape the next administration’s foreign policy towards the region is going to take, what form it’s going to take. -
Anthropologyofir3011fiel.Pdf
Publications of FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ANTHROPOLOGICAL SERIES Volume 30 CHICAGO, U.S.A. 1940-1949 THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF IRAQ PART I, NUMBER 1 THE UPPER EUPHRATES BY HENRY FIELD CURATOR OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY ANTHROPOLOGICAL SERIES FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOLUME 30, PART I, NUMBER 1 MAY 31, 1940 PUBLICATION 469 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS CONTENTS PAGE List of Illustrations 5 Preface 7 I. Introduction 13 II. The Land and the People 17 III. The Physical Anthropology of the Dulaim and the Anaiza ... 32 Anthropometric Methods and Technique 32 List of Anthropometric Abbreviations 33 The Dulaim 33 The Anaiza 54 Ram-faced Types among the Dulaim and the Anaiza 73 IV. Additional Anthropometric Data from Iraq 75 Arabs of the Kish Area 76 Iraq Army Soldiers 83 Ba'ij Beduins 86 Summary by Sir Arthur Keith 89 V. The Tribes and Sub-Tribes of the Upper Euphrates 91 Appendices 103 A. The Population of Iraq by Major C. J. Edmonds 103 B. Land Tenure in Iraq by Sir Ernest Dowson 106 C. Notes on General Health of the Kish Arabs 110 D. Anthropometric Data from Royal Hospital, Baghdad, by Dr. B. H. Rassam 122 E. Individuals Measured in Royal Hospital, Baghdad, by Winifred Smeaton 131 F. Mammals from Iraq by Colin C. Sanborn 156 G. Notes on Insects from Iraq 163 H. Plants Collected by the Expedition by Paul C. Standley . .165 Glossary 198 Bibliography 199 Indexes 204 Tribes Referred to in Chapter V 204 Dulaimis Illustrated in Plates 207 Anaiza Tribesmen Illustrated in Plates 207 Tribal Names Appearing on Map of Iraq (A) 208 Tribal Names Appearing on Map of Iran (B) 212 General 214 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PLATES 1. -
West Mosul: Perceptions on Return and Reintegration Among Stayees, Idps and Returnees
IOM IRAQ WEST MOSUL PERCEPTIONS ON RETURN AND REINTEGRATION AMONG STAYEES, IDPS AND RETURNEES JUNE 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary 4 Introduction 6 Methodology 10 A. Background 13 A.1. A Brief Demographic History of Mosul Before ISIL 13 A.2. Mosul During and After ISIL Rule 15 A.3. Current Demographic Composition 18 B. The Context of IDPs 22 B.1. Trauma and Conflict-Related Grievances 22 B.2. Stigmatization of Suspected ISIL Affiliates 23 B.3. Perceptions of IDPs and Variation in the Timing of Departure 24 B.4. How Do IDPs Perceive Stayers? 26 B.5. What Do IDPs from West Mosul Think of Return? 27 C. Constraints on Return 28 ABOUT IOM C.1. Economic Constraints 28 C.2. Houses Destroyed or Unlawfully Occupied by Other Residents 28 The International Organization for Migration (IOM) is the United Nations Migration Agency. IOM is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrants and society. As an intergovernmental C.3. Looting and Crime 29 organization, IOM acts with its partners in the international community to: assist in meeting the operational C.4. Slow Reconstruction, Poor Quality of Services, and Lack of Compensation 29 challenges of migration; advance understanding of migration issues; encourage social and economic development C.5. Fears of Revenge Against ISIL-Affiliated IDPs 30 through migration; and uphold the human dignity and well-being of migrants. D. Overview of Conditions in 3 IDP Camps Near Mosul 32 D.1. Haj Ali Camp 32 IOM DISCLAIMER D.1.1. Services 32 D.1.2. -
The Aesthetics of Global Protest: Visual Culture and Communication
PROTEST AND SOCIAL MOVEMENTS Jenzen & Korkut (eds) Jenzen McGarry, Erhart, Eslen-Ziya, The Aesthetics of Global Protest Edited by Aidan McGarry, Itir Erhart, Hande Eslen-Ziya, Olu Jenzen, and Umut Korkut The Aesthetics of Global Protest Visual Culture and Communication The Aesthetics of Global Protest Protest and Social Movements Recent years have seen an explosion of protest movements around the world, and academic theories are racing to catch up with them. This series aims to further our understanding of the origins, dealings, decisions, and outcomes of social movements by fostering dialogue among many traditions of thought, across European nations and across continents. All theoretical perspectives are welcome. Books in the series typically combine theory with empirical research, dealing with various types of mobilization, from neighborhood groups to revolutions. We especially welcome work that synthesizes or compares different approaches to social movements, such as cultural and structural traditions, micro- and macro-social, economic and ideal, or qualitative and quantitative. Books in the series will be published in English. One goal is to encourage non- native speakers to introduce their work to Anglophone audiences. Another is to maximize accessibility: all books will be available in open access within a year after printed publication. Series Editors Jan Willem Duyvendak is professor of Sociology at the University of Amsterdam. James M. Jasper teaches at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York. The Aesthetics of Global Protest Visual Culture and Communication Edited by Aidan McGarry, Itir Erhart, Hande Eslen-Ziya, Olu Jenzen, and Umut Korkut Amsterdam University Press Cover illustration: With permission of Seamus Travers, Travers Photography, Dublin, Ireland. -
Syria: from Non-Religious and Democratic Revolution to ISIS Fabrice Balanche
Syria: From Non-Religious and Democratic Revolution to ISIS Fabrice Balanche To cite this version: Fabrice Balanche. Syria: From Non-Religious and Democratic Revolution to ISIS. Hérodote - Revue de géographie et de géopolitique, Elsevier Masson/La Découverte, 2016, pp.123-142. halshs-03177113 HAL Id: halshs-03177113 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03177113 Submitted on 22 Mar 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Hérodote 2016/1 (No 160-161) Syria: From Non-Religious and Democratic Revolution to ISIS By Fabrice Balanche[1] In 2011, there was general agreement that Bashar al-Assad would fall like a ripe fruit after a few months of fighting and that the Syrian revolution was peaceable, non- religious, and democratic. There was no risk of radicalization, for Syrian civil society would supposedly oppose any moves in such a direction. In July 2012, Bassma Kodmani, a member of the Syrian National Coalition, confirmed that her organization had a plan to prevent any drift toward communitarianism in Syria. Certainly, she conceded, there was a risk of this happening, but the Syrian National Coalition should be trusted to prevent it. -
PKK's Friends and Foes in the Middle East Since 1999
PKK’s Friends and Foes in the Middle East Since 1999 Tomáš Kaválek, Miroslav Mareš This article illustrates the Kurdistan Workers’ Party’s (PKK) relation- ship with regional actors since 1999. The PKK maintains relations with Iran, Syria, Russia, Iraq, the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan and the US. On the other hand, the PKK has strained relations with Turkey, the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) in Iraq, and rebel groups in Syria. At the same time, PKK’s affiliate in Syria has received military support from the US and European support since October 2015. It is argued that the PKK and its affiliates are unlikely to become strategic allies of the US since it maintains ties with the pro-Assad camp. This article further shows that contemporary allegiances of the PKK are a result of a longer-term shift initially triggered by the Syrian war. PKK’s cur- rent position in the regional conundrum recalls its Cold War alliances stretching back to the 1980s and 1990s and reflects on PKK’s priority – armed struggle in Turkey. Keywords: Kurdistan Workers’ Party, Party of the Free Life of Kurdistan, war in Syria, Democratic Union Part, Turkey, Kurdistan Region of Iraq PKK’s complex web of relations The insurgency organization the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK)1 is one of the main proponents of Kurdish nationalist ambitions in the Middle East. During almost forty years of its existence, it has man- aged to build and maintain a prominent position among the Kurds. At the onset of 2017, the PKK is arguably stronger than ever in its orga- nizational history. -
Covered in Dust, Veiled by Shadow: the Siege and Destruction of Aleppo
COVERED IN DUST, VEILED BY SHADOW: THE SIEGE AND DESTRUCTION OF ALEPPO 1 Authors: Kaitlyn Degnan Zachary Lucas Sean Mills Contributing Authors: Additional Research By: Jordan Charnetsky Brittany Clark Cintia Garcia Samantha Netzband Kseniia Guliaeva Ethan Peterson Margaret Mabie Samuel Miller Joe Railey William Salage Cover Artwork By: Jeff Passetti Visuals By: Margaret Mabie Syrian Accountability Project Leadership Project Leader: Professor David M. Crane, Former Chief Prosecutor, Special Court of Sierra Leone Executive Director: Zachary Lucas Chief Registrar: Kaitlyn Degnan Chief Investigator: Sean Mills 2 Table of Contents Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 5 Methodology ................................................................................................................................................. 5 Introduction- What is the city of Aleppo? .................................................................................................... 6 Aleppo During the War ................................................................................................................................. 9 2012- The War Reaches Aleppo ............................................................................................................... 9 2013- The Conflict Escalates .................................................................................................................... 9 2014- Aleppo under Fire -
From Al-Qaeda in Iraq to Islamic State: the Story of Insurgency in Iraq and Syria in 2003- 2015 Tomáš Kaválek* Abstract: Keyw
From al-Qaeda in Iraq to Islamic State: The Story of Insurgency in Iraq and Syria in 2003- 2015 Tomáš Kaválek* Abstract: Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) currently controls vast territories in Iraq and Syria with estimated population up to 5 million people. In June 2014, ISIS made a move to conquer Sunni areas of Iraq in provinces like Ninawa, Salah ad-Din, and al- Anbar. Until May 2015, there had been no significant military success combating ISIS. This paper argues that renewed Sunni insurgency in Iraq was indeed brewing for several years. ISIS campaign is described within the framework of the concept of insurgency. The text provides a comprehensive narrative of ISIS’ and its organizational predecessors’ insurgency in Iraq and Syria in the period of 2003-2015. As a conceptual background it utilizes a lifespan of insurgencies that argues that each insurgency must pass from proto-insurgency to large scale insurgency phase, and finally to a “conventional stage” when insurgency is strong enough to meet counterinsurgent in open battlefield. A lifespan of ISIS insurgency indeed reached tipping point and entered “conventional stage” in June 2014 when it assumed control over key Sunni areas of Iraq. Keywords: Abu Bakr al-Bahdadi, Abu Mus’ab az-Zarqawi, al-Qaeda in Iraq, AQI, insurgency, Islamic State, IS, ISIS, Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham * Tomáš Kaválek is currently a Ph. D. candidate of political science at the Faculty of Social Studies of Masaryk University in Brno, Czech Republic. He also works as a Middle East and North Africa analyst for a Prague-based think-tank Association for Internationl Affairs (AMO). -
Christians in the Nineveh Plains: Focusing on Possible Self-Governance for Minorities
E-ISSN: 2522 – 7130 P-ISSN: 2410 – 1036 گۆڤاری زانكۆی راپەڕین Journal of University of Raparin Christians in the Nineveh Plains: Focusing on Possible Self-Governance for Minorities Zaianddin Mawlood Khidhir Department of International Relations Actual classification, Institute of International, Political and Regional Studies, Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary. E-mail: [email protected] Rostovanyi Zsolt Department of International Relations Actual classification, Institute of International, Political and Regional Studies, Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary. E-mail: [email protected] Zubir Rasul Ahmed Department of international relations, College of political science, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Kurdistan, Iraq. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: A deeply complicated situation characterizes Mesopotamia and its neighborhood, with a lasting solution to the fate of minorities in the region yet to be comprehended. In this secondary study, the central purpose is to investigate issues and the fate of Christians in the Nineveh Plains, ranging from their dream for self-governance to the displaced nightmare. Particularly, the study seeks to gain insight into prospects of self-governance for minorities, shedding light on some of the platforms that the affected communities could exploit to realize this dream, as well as major hurdles that they might encounter. The study’s specific objectives include the examination of the current degree of success in Iraqi minorities’ quest for self-governance, some of the challenges facing the community, and some of the feasible solutions that are worth embracing. From the findings, some of the challenges facing the Iraqi minorities’ quest for self-governance is seen to include the militia harassment and land seizures against minorities, translating into irritation.