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Progress According to David Hume and Adam Smith Ecem Okan Between history and analysis : progress according to David Hume and Adam Smith Ecem Okan To cite this version: Ecem Okan. Between history and analysis : progress according to David Hume and Adam Smith. Eco- nomics and Finance. Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2018. English. NNT : 2018PA01E050. tel-03041539 HAL Id: tel-03041539 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03041539 Submitted on 5 Dec 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Université Paris 1 Panthéon­Sorbonne École d’Économie de la Sorbonne PHARE ENTRE HISTOIRE ET ANALYSE : LE PROGRÈS SELON DAVID HUME ET ADAM SMITH / BETWEEN HISTORY AND ANALYSIS: PROGRESS ACCORDING TO DAVID HUME AND ADAM SMITH Thèse pour l’obtention du titre de Docteure en Sciences Économiques Présentée et soutenue publiquement le 4 décembre 2018 par Ecem Okan Sous la direction d’André Lapidus Professeur à l’Université Paris 1 Panthéon­Sorbonne COMPOSITION DU JURY : Daniel Diatkine, Professeur Émérite à l’Université d’Evry/ Paris­Saclay Laurent Jaffro, Professeur à l’Université Paris 1 Panthéon­Sorbonne André Lapidus, Professeur Émérite à l’Université Paris 1 Panthéon­Sorbonne (Directeur de recherche) Spencer Pack, Professeur au Connecticut College, États­Unis (Rapporteur) Nathalie Sigot, Professeure à l’Université Paris 1 Panthéon­Sorbonne Michel Zouboulakis, Professeur à l’Université de Thessalie, Grèce (Rapporteur) L’Université Paris 1 Panthéon­Sorbonne n’entend donner aucune approbation ni désapprobation aux opinions émises dans cette thèse ; ces opinions doivent être considérées comme propres à leur auteur. 2 REMERCIEMENTS Dans le premier essai du recueil que David Hume compose et transforme depuis la première édition de 1741 jusqu’à l’édition posthume de 1777, il établit une distinction entre la délicatesse de passion et la délicatesse de goût (E­DT). Selon lui, on ne peut guérir de la première, c’est­à­dire de notre trop grande sensibilité, qu’en cultivant la seconde, notre délicatesse de goût « qui nous permet de juger du caractère des hommes, des ouvrages de génie et des productions des arts nobles » (E­DT :5). Je voudrais remercier chaleureusement Daniel Diatkine et André Lapidus pour m’avoir ainsi permis de cultiver « ce goût plus élevé et plus raffiné » en me transmettant une partie de leur enthousiasme pour les « ouvrages de génie » de Hume et de Smith (E­DT :5). Leurs conseils, leurs encouragements et leur soutien m’ont permis de mener à bien la rédaction de ce travail. Qu’ils trouvent ici l’expression de ma profonde gratitude. Je suis reconnaissante à André Lapidus pour son ouverture intellectuelle et sa patience face à mes interrogations qui, souvent, ne se cantonnaient pas à ma seule recherche. L’achèvement et la forme de cette thèse doivent beaucoup à ses conseils et ses orientations. Je tiens également à remercier Daniel Diatkine pour m’avoir encouragée à m’engager dans un travail de recherche que je n’osais aborder. Il a été disponible aux moments où j’en avais le plus besoin et c’est à nos longues discussions que je dois d’avoir élargi mes perspectives de recherche. Je suis redevable à l’École doctorale Économie Panthéon Sorbonne (EPS) pour m’avoir donné l’opportunité de me consacrer sereinement à l’enseignement et à l’élaboration de ma thèse. Je tiens également à remercier les membres du laboratoire Phare, notamment Elodie Bertrand, Laurie Bréban, Jean Dellemotte, Laurent Jaffro et Nathalie Sigot dont les conseils et les encouragements m’ont aidée à avancer. J’exprime aussi ma gratitude aux organisateurs des séminaires des Après­Midis de Philosophie et Economie et d’Histoire de la Macroéconomie et des Théories Monétaires. Ces 3 séminaires ont été l’occasion de présenter mes travaux et, surtout, de recevoir des commentaires précieux qui m’ont permis d’améliorer ma thèse. Je remercie également les organisateurs de la Summer School on History of Economic Thought, Economic Philosophy and Economic History. Ces universités d’été annuelles ont contribué au bon déroulement de ma thèse. Outre les remarques fructueuses que j’ai reçues de mes discutants et, plus particulièrement, de Ragıp Ege et de Michel Zouboulakis, ces rencontres ont renforcé et développé ma motivation dans cet effort continu que requérait la poursuite régulière de mes recherches. Je suis aussi redevable à l’European Society for the History of Economic Thought, à l’Asociación Latinoamericana de Historia del Pensamiento Económico, ainsi qu’à l’International Adam Smith Society qui, en m’attribuant les Young Scholar Awards, m’ont permis de présenter mes travaux dans les conférences qu’elles organisaient. Plus généralement, je souhaite remercier les chercheurs que j’ai rencontrés pendant ces quatre années. Nos échanges sur Smith et Hume, ou encore sur la recherche en générale, m’ont encouragée dans mon travail, parfois au­delà de ce qu’ils pouvaient imaginer. Merci, particulièrement, à Mauricio Coutinho, José Edwards, Jerry Evensky, Aaron Garrett, Muriel Dal Pont Legrand et Scott Scheall. Lors de mes années à Phare, j’ai aussi rencontré des doctorants ou des jeunes docteurs qui ont facilité ma vie en thèse et ma vie en France tout court. Merci à Victor Bianchini, Lucy Brillant, Marie Daou et Alexandre Reichart pour leur disponibilité face à mes interrogations et pour leur amitié. L’ambiance de travail — ou parfois de loisir — à Phare a été une source de motivation continuelle pour moi. A ce titre, je voudrais notamment remercier les « doctorants extraordinaires » qui ont relu plusieurs fois les manuscrits. Ils m’ont accompagnée dans les moments de déprime, mais aussi dans les aventures joyeuses que nous avons entreprises à l’échelle mondiale, nationale ou encore très très locale. Je remercie Hélène Bénistand, Céline Bouillot, Adriana Calcagno, 4 Michael Gaul, Léon Guillot, Sonia Manseri, Cédric Philadelphe Divry, Thomas Ruellou, Sofia Valeonti, Paul Verger et Yara Zeineddine. Je voudrais exprimer ma gratitude à mes parents, Yakup et Fatma, et à ma sœur Çiğdem, pour leur soutien inconditionnel pendant toutes ces années passées loin d’eux. Je n’aurais pas pu réaliser cette thèse sans leur présence et leurs encouragements. Je remercie, enfin, Arif qui m’a accompagnée durant des années tout en faisant sa propre thèse. Merci à toi, pour tout. J’ai commencé en me référant à Hume. Je termine en lui empruntant ses mots une fois encore : “I have had some invitations, and some intentions of taking a trip to Paris; but I believe, it will be safer for me not to go thither, for I might probably settle there for life” (A William Robertson, 25 janvier 1759, L,1: 294). 5 AVERTISSEMENT Ce travail rassemble trois articles qui donnent lieu, chacun, à un chapitre séparé. Le chapitre 1 a vocation à être soumis à publication, au moins en partie. Le chapitre 2 prolonge la matière d’un article publié dans The European Journal of the History of Economic Thought en 2017. Enfin, le chapitre 3 est en révision pour The Adam Smith Review. En tant qu’articles ayant une problématique propre, ces chapitres peuvent faire l’objet d’une lecture indépendante. Pourtant, ils s’inscrivent l’un et l’autre dans un projet de mise en relation de l’analyse et de l’histoire dans la pensée de Hume et de Smith. 6 LISTE DES ABRÉVIATIONS Œuvres de David Hume A An Abstract of a Book lately Published; Entituled, A Treatise of Human Nature, &c. Wherein the Chief Argument of that Book is farther Illustrated and Explained in T. E Essays moral, political, and literary, Eugene F. Miller (ed.) Indianapolis: Liberty Classics (1994). Abbreviations of the individual essays cited in this study, with date of first publication: E­BG “Whether the British Government inclines more to Absolute Monarchy, or to a Republic” (1741) E­BP “Of the Balance of Power” (1752) E­BT “Of the Balance of Trade” (1752) E­CL “Of Civil Liberty” (1741) E­Co “Of Commerce” (1752) E­CR “A Character of Sir Robert Walpole” (1742; withdrawn after 1768) E­DT “Of the Delicacy of Taste and Passion” (1741) E­In “Of Interest” (1752) E­JT “Of the Jealousy of Trade” (1760) E­Mo “Of Money” (1752) E­NC “Of National Characters” (1748) E­OC “Of the Original Contract” (1748) 7 E­OG “Of the Origin of Government” (1777) E­PC “Of Public Credit” (1752) E­RA “Of Refinement in the Arts” (1752) E­RP “Of the Rise and Progress of the Arts and Sciences” (1742) E­SH “Of the Study of History” (1741; withdrawn after 1760) E­Ta “Of Taxes” (1752) EHU An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding, Tom L. Beauchamp (ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press (1999). EPM An Enquiry concerning the Principles of Morals, Tom L. Beauchamp (ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press (1998). HE The History of England from the Invasion of Julius Caesar to The Revolution in 1688, 6 vols., William B. Todd (ed.), Indianapolis: Liberty Classics (1983). L The Letters of David Hume, 2 vols, J. Y. T. Greig (ed.), Oxford: Clarendon Press (1932). NHR Natural History of Religion, T. L. Beauchamp (ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press (2007). T A Treatise of Human Nature, David F. Norton and Mary J. Norton (eds.), Oxford: Oxford University Press (2000). 8 Œuvres d’Adam Smith All references are to the Glasgow Edition of the Works of Adam Smith, published by Oxford University Press, Oxford and republished by Liberty Fund Press, Indianapolis.
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