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Right Realist Theories of Crime and Deviance Year 13

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Right Realist Theories of Crime and Deviance Year 13 Crime and Deviance- SOCIOLOGY Year 13: Paper 3 Right Realist Theories of Crime and Deviance Similarities: Right and Left Realism Right Realist Explanations EVALUATION Realists see crime as a real problem. 1 Biosocial Wilson and Herrnstein- Crime is linked to Strengths:** 1 Theory biology- predi.sposing factors lead to 1 a) -New York crime eg extroversion and aggression or cleaned up the Both emerged in the 1970s and 1980s. 2 they lack intelligence. subways. Socialisation Murray- socialization in the nuclear family b) -This led to a 50% Argue that there has been a significant rise in the crime 2 and the will prevent crime. Crime is caused by the fall in homicide rate. 3 rate- especially in street crime, burglary and assault. underclass emergence of an underclass- lone parents don’t provide role models and rely on the c) -Situational state- boys turn to street crime. crime Are concerned about the widespread fear of crime and prevention has 4 about the impact of crime on it’s victims. Rational Criminals make a cost benefit analysis been successful. 3 Choice theory before committing crime- this is a rational d) -Increased use of Argue that other theories have failed to offer realistic choice. imprisonment in 5 solutions to the problem of crime and they propose The costs of crime= prison, loss of job, the USA has led to what they regard as practical policies to reduce it. loss of family a reduction in The benefits = money, possessions-cars, crime / a houses, clothes, status. deterrent for Differences Right and Left realism others. Right Realist Solutions to Crime Right • share a New Right or neo-conservative Weaknesses:** 2 a) Marxists- 1 Situational Crime happens because of ; realists outlook. overemphasis on 1 Crime -motivated offender • Believe in rolling back the welfare state. control-ignores Prevention -suitable target (victim, • Believe in a zero tolerance approach to poverty property) crime. b) Assumes offenders -absence of a “capable act rationally- • Believe in a “short, sharp, shock” guardian” (police officer, KATZ- seductions approach to dealing with young neighbour, resident) of crime and offenders. -Based on rational choice LYNG- edgework- -eg Target hardening -locks suggest crime is a Left • Share a socialist outlook- Left wing Environmental -Based on a zero tolerance thrill. 2 realists politics. 2 Crime approach c) Interactionism- • Favour dealing with the deeper structural Prevention -Broken Windows- Wilson and ignores free will causes of crime eg poverty Kelling- remove signs of crime eg d) Lilly (2002) IQ differences account • Believe in tackling the risk factors that graffiti, rough sleepers. for less than 3% of may lead to criminal behaviour in the -Design out crime eg Port differences in future. Authority Bus terminal offending. Part of sociological explanations of crime, deviance, social order and social control- part one of Realist Theories of Crime- also see the powerpoint on Left Realism. **Further evaluation on ppt and in the lesson on crime prevention and social control. Key Vocabulary is highlighted in bold here- can be found on Left realist theories of crime KO. Crime and Deviance- SOCIOLOGY Year 13: Paper 3 Left Realist Theories of Crime and Deviance Left Realist Explanations : LEA and YOUNG* EVALUATION of the Left Realist Solutions to Crime Relative Relative deprivation refers to inequality: the Explanation The Square To tackle crime need to 1 Deprivation idea that people are deprived (materially or 1 of Crime understand relationships Strengths: otherwise) compared with others in society. between offender, victim, 1 • It addresses the need for crime Relative deprivation and individualism are public and state a “lethal combination.”- reduces to be taken seriously. informal controls in communities • It offers practical solutions. Social and -Favour; • It considers the victim. 2 Community -Accountable policing- not Subculture In response to relative deprivation people • It explains why crime can Crime military style stop and 2 may form subcultures with their own norms increase when standard of Prevention search eg PCCs living improves. and values . Some may join criminal -Tackling long term risk subcultures, others may join religious factors eg poverty and poor Weaknesses: subcultures. education eg Perry pre Criminal subcultures still share the values 2 • Feminists- malestream and goals of mainstream society- they criminology- can’t explain School Project commit crime to obtain material wealth. crimes against women. -Multi-agency approach – eg • Marxists-ignores the power of PACT teams Marginalisation Marginalised members of society lack the ruling class-Henry and -Tackling deprivation eg 3 clear goals and organisations to Milovanovic (96) It is New Deal, Race Audit represent them. guilty of accepting the Unemployed youths feel excluded and so ruling class definition of commit crime and political exclusion may crime as street crime EVALUATION of the Left Realist lead to rioting. committed by the poor. Solutions to Crime • Interactionists:It doesn’t Left Realist Explanations: YOUNG consider offenders’ Strengths- motives 1 -New Deal helped to secure jobs for • It over-predicts crime more than 250,000 young people under 4 Late modernity There has been a shift in society from the amongst those suffering New Labour. and exclusion Golden Age of capitalism (stable, from relative deprivation. -Perry Pre School project – reduction in secure, promoting social inclusion) to • It only looks at inner – lifelong offendingdue to better late modern society (unstable, city and street crime- employment and education. insecure and based on social this will lead to exclusion) Weaknesses- inaacuracies in our This shift has made crime worse. 2 -Long term effects take time and money to understanding of Eg more hate crime, more relative reap the benefits- some Governments not patterns of offending. deprivation, relative deprivation willing to take the risk- prefer Right Realist downwards as people are denied the policies. “glittering prizes”. -ASBOs did not bring communities together. Part of sociological explanations of crime, deviance, social order and social control- part two of Realist Theories of Crime- also see the powerpoint on Right Realism. .
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