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Challenges in Human-Computer Interaction Design for Mobile Devices

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Challenges in Human-Computer Interaction Design for Mobile Devices Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2009 Vol I WCECS 2009, October 20-22, 2009, San Francisco, USA Challenges in Human-Computer Interaction Design for Mobile Devices Kuo-Ying Huang * Abstract—Designs in human-computer interaction (HCI) aim to create interactive products that are easy and enjoyable to use. Mobile devices play an important role in the modern society. However, owing to the multidisciplinary nature of HCI and the They are being used by people of all walks of life for various different value systems of interface users from various purposes. They can be found in the fields of education, backgrounds and experiences, it is highly challenging for entertainment, medicine, communication service, military designers to create applications which are usable and affordable systems, and so on. Due to the multidisciplinary nature of to such a heterogeneous set of users. Nowadays, more and more people are heard complaining about the bad interaction design of HCI, designing user interfaces for mobile devices poses mobile devices. Is this problem caused by the bad design of several interaction challenges [3]. Some of these challenges products or by the users’ ignorance of the logics of human- are hardware-related, while the others software-related. machine interaction design? This paper aims to explore the human-computer interaction challenges in designing applications in both hardware and software for mobile devices. It also makes II. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM an attempt to investigate the principles for designing mobile interfaces that result in greater user acceptance and figure out possible solutions to the problems with interaction designs for Owing to the fast development in the digital technology, the mobile devices. operation of human-computer interface is becoming more and more complicated. Consequently, to catch up with the speedy Keywords: Human-computer interaction, mobile interface, mobile and fleeting transformation, the user of digital interactive device, interaction design. products can only keep on learning various operating interfaces, programming languages, and development environments. Nowadays, in our daily lives, we can hear more I. INTRODUCTION and more people complaining about the bad design in interaction interface. Is this problem caused by the bad design Human-computer interaction (HCI) is the study of the of the interactive products or by the shortage of users’ interaction between people and computers [1]. Such knowledge about the logics of the human-machine interaction interaction is mainly done at the user interface. One of the design? major concerns of professional practitioners in the field of HCI is the design of interactive computing systems for human Most researchers in HCI take interest in developing new use. As a result, it is a basic goal of HCI designers to make design methodologies, experiencing with new hardware computers more usable and more receptive to the user’s needs. devices, prototyping new software systems, and exploring new To provide the best possible interface within given constraints, paradigms for interaction. Designs in HCI aim to create user the HCI designers are supposed to develop systems that interfaces which can be operated with ease and efficiency. minimize the barrier between the human’s cognitive model of Many digital products that require users to interact with them what users want to accomplish and the computer’s to accomplish their tasks have not necessarily designed with understanding of the users’ task [2]. the users in mind. The designer always claims how usable the products are; however, an even more basic requirement is that Interaction between users and computers occurs at the user the interface should allow the user to carry out relevant tasks interface, including both hardware and software. Interaction completely. In other words, the design must be both usable design means designing interactive products to support people and useful for the user and it must be a user-centered design. in their everyday and working lives. Because HCI concerns a human and a machine in conjunction with each other, Current mobile computing devices such as palmtop designing a user interface requires knowledge on both the computers, Personal Digital Assistants (PAD), and mobile human and the machine side. On the one side, information phones have a problem in common—attempting to provide about communication theory, graphic disciplines, social users with powerful computing services and resources through sciences, cognitive psychology, etc. are needed; on the other small interfaces [4]. As is usually the case with mobile side, techniques in computer graphics, operating systems, devices, limited screen size makes it difficult to efficiently programming languages, etc. are required. present information and help users navigate to and from the information they want. And since mobile devices are often *Graduate School of Computer and Information Sciences, Nova required to possess multiple functionalities, the convergence Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314-7796, USA. Email: of electronics, computing, and communication is becoming a [email protected] ISBN:978-988-17012-6-8 WCECS 2009 Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2009 Vol I WCECS 2009, October 20-22, 2009, San Francisco, USA must in the mobile industry. In addition, because mobile B. Use of Mobile Devices devices need to operate with limited battery charge, how to deal with the power consumption has also become one of the Mobile devices are increasingly being used by different most important issues for system designers. types of people. In medicine, for instance, PDAs are used to record symptoms for patients and to support the cardiologist in Therefore, it is very crucial for interface designers to make the medical decision-making process and have been proven to efforts to develop interactive mobile products that are easy to help both diagnosis and pharmacy selection [5]. Besides, they learn, effective to use, and provide an enjoyable user are also used to improve the effectiveness of communication experience. Nowadays, mobile devices are widely used by between the patient and the hospital during follow-up different types of people who have different goals of operating treatments. such interactive products. Designing applications for usable and useful mobile devices to meet the requirement of different In education, mobile devices are being used in different types of interface users encounter a couple of challenges. schools and universities for specific applications under the Users, designers, and technical practitioners should cooperate name of mobile learning or m-learning. M-learning is the use and collaborate to contribute to its success. of mobile or wireless devices for learning while the learner is on the move. It has been found that m-learning has more Based on the problems in HCI design for mobile devices advantages compared to electronic learning or e-learning [6, mentioned above, this paper addresses the following research 7]. And they are also used in cooperative educational activities questions: where teachers and students can collaborate by using common mobile devices to transfer information between each other [8]. 1. What are the major challenges of designing interactive Other common educational applications for mobile devices products for mobile devices? include electronic dictionaries, translators, scientific 2. What are the possible solutions to such problems in calculators, remote presentation controls, etc. developing a good user-centered design for mobile computing devices? Another important use of mobile devices is that in 3. What are the principles of user interface design for mobile entertainment. People are widely using mobile devices for devices? playing music, watching movies, playing games, and so on. 4. What are the new trends in mobile industry in the near For example, mobile games have been increasingly used by future? people of various backgrounds to the extent that nowadays we can hardly find a mobile phone that does not have some video games installed in it by the manufacturer. III. MOBILE DEVICES Global Positioning System (GPS) is another well-known use Mobile devices can be defined in different ways when they of mobile devices. It is a satellite navigation system owned are looked at from different perspectives. They can be defined and operated by the U.S. Department of Defense and available in terms of the services they offer or based on the level of for general use around the world [9]. A GSP receiver is used functionality connected with the devices. According to Sharp to get the signal from the orbital satellite to pinpoint the et al. [2], they refer to the devices that are handheld and geographic location. It can be a personal computer, a laptop or intended to be used while on the move. Nowadays, mobile palmtop, a watch, a mobile phone, or a PDA. Some PDA- devices are being used by different people for various based GPS systems, for example, have been found to be very purposes. useful for geological mapping projects in remote regions and in situations where there is limited power supply [10]. A. Types of Mobile Devices C. Operating Systems for Mobile Devices A mobile device refers to a pocket-sized computing device, typically having a small display screen, a small keypad with Several operating systems developed by different companies miniature buttons or a touch screen with stylus of input. and programmers are being used to run mobile devices. One of Examples of mobile devices include mobile computers like them is Microsoft Windows Mobile, which is a compact handheld or palmtop PC and personal digital assistant (PDA), operating system developed and owned by Microsoft handheld game consoles such as Nintendo DS and Game Boy Corporation. Windows Mobile has been updated several times, Advance, media recorders like digital still camera (DSC) and with the current version being Windows Mobile 6.1, which digital audio recorders, and communication devices such as was announced on April 1, 2008 [11]. Windows Mobile 6.1 is mobile phones, cordless phones and pagers.
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