energies Article Electrical-Loss Analysis of Power-Split Hybrid Electric Vehicles Andrea Bonfiglio 1 ID , Damiano Lanzarotto 1, Mario Marchesoni 1, Massimiliano Passalacqua 1, Renato Procopio 1,* and Matteo Repetto 2 1 Department of Electrical, Electronic, Tlc Engineering and Naval Architecture (DITEN), University of Genoa, via all’Opera Pia 11a, 16145 Genova, Italy; a.bonfi
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[email protected]; Tel.: +39-010-353-2730 Received: 28 September 2017; Accepted: 12 December 2017; Published: 15 December 2017 Abstract: The growing development of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) has seen the spread of architectures with transmission based on planetary gear train, realized thanks to two electric machines. This architecture, by continuously regulating the transmission ratio, allows the internal combustion engine (ICE) to work in optimal conditions. On the one hand, the average ICE efficiency is increased thanks to better loading situations, while, on the other hand, electrical losses are introduced due to the power circulation between the two electrical machines mentioned above. The aim of this study is then to accurately evaluate electrical losses and the average ICE efficiency in various operating conditions and over different road missions. The models used in this study are presented for both the Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) architecture and the Discontinuously Variable Transmission (DVT) architecture. In addition, efficiency maps of the main components are shown.