781097.En Pe 425.157

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

WRITTEN QUESTION E-3133/09 by Marco Cappato (ALDE) and Marco Pannella (ALDE) to the Commission Subject: Abrogation of Fiji's 1997 Constitution On Friday, 10 April 2009, Fiji's President Ratu Josefa Iloilo announced his decision to abrogate Fiji’s 1997 Constitution, to dismiss all magistrates, judges and other judicial officers, to assume executive power and to delay elections until 2014. President Iloilo’s actions were prompted by an Appeal Court ruling of the previous day which found that the existing Fijian Interim Administration led by Commodore Frank Bainimarama had governed illegally since coming to power in a military coup in 2006. The Court ruled that the Interim Administration should be replaced immediately and that elections should be held promptly. On 11 April 2009, President Iloilo reappointed Commodore Bainimarama as Prime Minister and declared a 30-day state of emergency, implementing emergency regulations that limit freedom of speech, curb media reporting, expand police powers and give soldiers immunity from prosecution for using armed force to break up processions, meetings or assemblies. Since the imposition of the state of emergency, Fiji's military government has expelled three foreign journalists, detained without charge several Fijian residents, including the President of Fiji's Law Society, and placed officers in every newsroom to monitor what is being published. Can the Commission state: 1. whether it considers that these actions jeopardise the Fijian Interim Administration’s credibility to fulfil its obligations under Article 9 of the ACP-EC Cotonou Agreement, concerning respect for human rights, democratic principles and the rule of law, 2. what action it has taken and/or will take in order to urge the Interim Administration of Fiji to ensure the earliest possible restoration of respect for human rights and the rule of law and to abide by its previous commitments to holding free and fair parliamentary elections before the end of 2009, 3. what action it has taken and/or will take to urge the Interim Administration to end censorship of news media, to cease harassment of lawyers and other human rights defenders, and to release or bring credible charges against those who have already been detained? 781097.EN PE 425.157.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Fiji's Road to Military Coup, 20061
2. 'Anxiety, uncertainty and fear in our land': Fiji's road to military coup, 20061 Brij V. Lal Introduction If civilization is to survive, one is driven to radical views. I do not mean driven to violence. Violence always compromises or ruins the cause it means to serve: it produces as much wrong as it tries to remedy. The State, for example, is always with us. Overthrow it and it will come back in another form, quite possibly worse. It's a necessary evilÐa monster that continually has to be tamed, so that it serves us rather than devours us. We can't do without it, neither can we ever trust it.2 Fiji experienced the whole gamut of emotions over the course of a fateful 2006. The year ended on an unsettled note, as it had begun. Fiji was yet again caught in a political quagmire of its own making, hobbled by manufactured tensions, refusing to heed the lessons of its recent tumultuous past, and reeling from the effects of the coup. Ironies abound. A Fijian army confronted a Fijian government, fuelling the indigenous community's worst fears about a Fijian army spilling Fijian blood on Fijian soil. The military overthrow took place 19 years to the day after frustrated coup-maker of 1987 Sitiveni Rabuka had handed power back to Fiji's civilian leaders, Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau and Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, paving the way for the eventual return to parliamentary democracy. The 2006 coup, like the previous ones, deposed a democratically elected government. Perhaps more importantly, it peremptorily sidelined the once powerful cultural and social institutions of the indigenous community, notably the Methodist Church and the Great Council of Chiefs (GCC)3 ± severing with a startling abruptness the overarching influence they had exercised in national life.
[Show full text]
2016 Country Review
Fiji 2016 Country Review http://www.countrywatch.com Table of Contents Chapter 1 1 Country Overview 1 Country Overview 2 Key Data 4 Fiji 5 Pacific Islands 6 Chapter 2 8 Political Overview 8 History 9 Political Conditions 10 Political Risk Index 42 Political Stability 57 Freedom Rankings 72 Human Rights 84 Government Functions 87 Government Structure 92 Principal Government Officials 100 Leader Biography 101 Leader Biography 101 Foreign Relations 104 National Security 109 Defense Forces 111 Chapter 3 114 Economic Overview 114 Economic Overview 115 Nominal GDP and Components 117 Population and GDP Per Capita 118 Real GDP and Inflation 119 Government Spending and Taxation 120 Money Supply, Interest Rates and Unemployment 121 Foreign Trade and the Exchange Rate 122 Data in US Dollars 123 Energy Consumption and Production Standard Units 124 Energy Consumption and Production QUADS 125 World Energy Price Summary 126 CO2 Emissions 127 Agriculture Consumption and Production 128 World Agriculture Pricing Summary 130 Metals Consumption and Production 131 World Metals Pricing Summary 133 Economic Performance Index 134 Chapter 4 146 Investment Overview 146 Foreign Investment Climate 147 Foreign Investment Index 151 Corruption Perceptions Index 164 Competitiveness Ranking 175 Taxation 184 Stock Market 184 Partner Links 185 Chapter 5 186 Social Overview 186 People 187 Human Development Index 188 Life Satisfaction Index 192 Happy Planet Index 203 Status of Women 213 Global Gender Gap Index 215 Culture and Arts 225 Etiquette 227 Travel Information 228 Diseases/Health Data 237 Chapter 6 243 Environmental Overview 243 Environmental Issues 244 Environmental Policy 252 Greenhouse Gas Ranking 253 Global Environmental Snapshot 264 Global Environmental Concepts 275 International Environmental Agreements and Associations 289 Appendices 314 Bibliography 315 Fiji Chapter 1 Country Overview Fiji Review 2016 Page 1 of 327 pages Fiji Country Overview FIJI Fiji became independent in 1970 after nearly a century as a British colony.
[Show full text]
5. Fragments from a Fiji Coup Diary
DIVERSITY, IDENTITY AND THE MEDIA 5. Fragments from a Fiji coup diary ABSTRACT Fiji has endured four coups in the past 22 years. On 10 April 2009, President Ratu Josefa Iloilo suspended the Constitution, sacked the judi- ciary, postponed any general election until 2014 and appointed himself as head of state. He reinstated 2006 coup leader Commodore Voreqe Bainimarama as interim Prime Minister, who in turn reappointed his cabi- net in defiance of international condemnation. A censorship crackdown on the media and civil society followed. The author is a media educator and journalist who worked for a total of 11 years at the University of the South Pacific, including experiencing both the 2000 and the 2006 coups. He later returned to Fiji as social media educator for the National Council for Building a Better Fiji (NCBBF). The Council was critical of the media during the period it developed a draft of the People’s Charter. It recom- mended changes to the law to establish a Media Tribunal, which was also planned to encourage qualified local personnel for editorial, subeditorial and publisher positions; provide a wide diversity of local programmes for television media and develop community radio and community television through a media tax. While the People’s Charter was seen as a neces- sary and constructive contribution to the future of Fiji, the leadership of Bainimarama was questioned after the repeal of the constitution. This arti- cle, opening with the author’s open letter to Bainimarama after the Easter putsch, offers reflections from a coup diary. PATRICK CRADDOCK Media educator, New Zealand AN open letter to the interim regime leader of the Republic of Fiji: ear Commodore Voreqe Bainimarama, So—only good news can be reported.
[Show full text]
Fiji-The Government Should Respect
INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION OF JURISTS Commission internationale de juristes - Comisión Internacional de Juristas " dedicated since 1952 to the primacy, coherence and implementation of international law and principles that advance human rights " COMMUNIQUE DE PRESSE – COMUNICADO DE PRENSA Fiji Government Should Respect Rule of Law by Ending Emergency, Restoring Constitution and Judges, and Holding Timely Elections P 16th April 2009 The International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) condemns the purported abrogation of the R constitution in Fiji and the summary dismissal of the entire judiciary under the pretext of establishing a “New Legal Order.” On April 9 2009, Fiji’s three-member Court of Appeal unanimously ruled that the current E military regime had assumed power illegally following the coup in December 2006, and directed President Ratu Josefa Iloilo to replace the government of Commodore Frank Bainimarama with an interim administration until democracy could be restored through S free and fair elections held as soon as possible. Rather than comply with the Appeal Court’s judgement, on April 10 President Iloilo S purported to abrogate the constitution, reappointed Commodore Bainimarama to the post of prime minister for a period of 5 years, announced a “New Legal Order” under which all of Fiji’s judges would be replaced, and indicated that elections will not be held until September 2014. “By attacking the judiciary for fulfilling its role as guardian of the rule of law, the President of Fiji has erased the separation of powers and strengthened an unaccountable military R regime,” said Roger Normand, director of ICJ’s Asia Pacific Programme. In response, the Fiji Law Society has rejected the abrogation of the constitution and dismissal of judicial officers, calling on judges, magistrates and lawyers to continue E working at the courts, and for lawyers to silently protest outside the courthouses.
[Show full text]
The Experiences of Indo-Fijian Immigrant Women in California
LOOKING BACKWARD, MOVING FORWARD: THE EXPERIENCES OF INDO-FIJIAN IMMIGRANT WOMEN IN CALIFORNIA A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Anthropology San José State University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts by Ambrita Nand December 2015 © 2015 Ambrita Nand ALL RIGHTS RESERVED The designated Thesis Committee Approves the Thesis Titled LOOKING BACKWARD, MOVING FORWARD: THE EXPERIENCES OF INDO-FIJIAN IMMIGRANT WOMEN IN CALIFORNIA by Ambrita Nand APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY SAN JOSÉ STATE UNIVERSITY December 2015 Dr. Chuck Darrah Department of Anthropology Dr. James Freeman Department of Anthropology Dr. Roberto Gonzalez Department of Anthropology ABSTRACT LOOKING BACKWARD, MOVING FORWARD: THE EXPERIENCES OF INDO- FIJIAN IMMIGRANT WOMEN IN CALIFORNIA This study helps address gaps in knowledge concerning the lives of Indo-Fijian immigrant women in California and offers a space for their voices to be heard. The subsequent chapters investigate the lives of five Indo-Fijian immigrant women and their experiences upon migrating to Modesto, California. Using a qualitative research approach, data were collected through participant-observations, semi-structured in-depth interviews and informal conversations. The data are presented as anthropological silhouettes, a form of life-writing (the recording of events and experiences of a life), which explores each individual woman’s experience with life in Fiji to her eventual migration and transition to life in California. The study reveals heterogeneity amongst the women’s experiences and perspectives as well as commonalities that arise in their collective experiences as Indo-Fijian immigrant women residing in the city of Modesto. Overall, the anthropological silhouettes reveal that migration has led to shifts in the women’s identities and their prescribed gender roles.
[Show full text]
'We Need to Move Forward': Bainimarama
'WE NEED TO MOVE FORWARD': BAINIMARAMA Pacific Magazine 5 January 2007 Commodore Frank Bainimarama today assumed the position of Interim Prime Minister, a position he was appointed to by President Ratu Josefa Iloilo and which he will hold concurrently with his role as commander of Fiji's armed forces. After he was sworn in to office, Bainimarama in his first public statement as prime minister reiterated many of the same themes he has discussed in press conferences and press interviews during his month- long tenure as coup leader and acting president. These are his remarks, as released by the Fiji military: It is after careful and deliberate consideration, extensive discussions with my officers and humility that I accept the appointment by His Excellency of the position of Interim Prime Minister. When I was approached to take this position I was reminded of the mandate of the incoming Interim Government which His Excellency set out yesterday. I shall seek to uphold the mandate as set out by his Excellency and it will be the mandate that will guide the incoming Interim Government as a whole and the respective individuals who will be appointed as care taker Ministers. The mandate set out by his Excellency shall be the objective of the Interim Government. To reiterate the mandate, it is as follows: 1. To continue to uphold the Constitution; 2. Where necessary facilitate all legal protection and immunity, both criminal and civil, to the Commander, Officers and all members of the RFMF; 3. Give effect to the actions of the RFMF including the respective suspensions, dismissals and temporary removal from office of civil servants, CEO’s, those appointed by the Judicial Services and Constitutional Services Commissions, the Judiciary and Government appointed Board members; 4.
[Show full text]
Amnesty International Report 2001
Covering events from January - December 2000 FIJI Republic of the Fiji Islands Head of state: Ratu Josefa Iloilo (replaced Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara in July) Head of government: Laisenia Qarase (replaced Frank Bainimarama in July who replaced Mahendra Chaudhry in May) Capital: Suva Population: 0.77 million Official language: English Death penalty: retentionist A violent coup attempt in May led to widespread human rights abuses and a flagrant disregard for the rule of law. Scores of civilians, police and army officers were injured; some were killed. Thousands of Fijians of Indian ethnic origin were forced to leave their homes as a result of racist or opportunistic attacks and fear of violence. Decrees issued under martial law allowed for racial discrimination but preserved other basic human rights. These rights were, however, frequently violated during operations against suspected rebels. As many as six suspected rebels were reportedly beaten to death by soldiers following an attempted mutiny in November. Investigations into alleged human rights violations were hampered by fears of retaliation; no findings were made public. Political instability On 19 May an indigenous Fijian nationalist movement led anti-government demonstrations in the capital. During the demonstrations, members of the military's elite Counter Revolutionary Warfare Unit (CRWU) led by George Speight, a civilian, stormed parliament, and took Prime Minister Mahendra Chaudhry, his son and most government members of parliament hostage; the hostages were held for up to 56 days. The rebels declared the 1997 Constitution abrogated and ''appointed'' a president and government that ensured indigenous supremacy. The 1997 Constitution had removed previous guarantees, imposed after two military coups in 1987, of political dominance by indigenous Fijians.
[Show full text]
Update Report 17 April Fiji
17 April 2009 No. 4 FIJI Expected Council Action On April 20 the Council is expected to be briefed on the situation in Fiji by B.Lynn Pascoe, Under Secretary-General for Political Affairs. The briefing is likely to focus on the 10 April decision by Fiji’s interim government to scrap its constitution. This was a response to the 9 April ruling by Fiji’s Court of Appeal that the removal of the elected government in 2006 was unlawful and that the appointment of the interim government unconstitutional. Council members are also likely to discuss the future of the UN’s role in brokering political dialogue in Fiji. The briefing will take place under “Other Matters” following Pascoe’s briefing to the Council on the Middle East during consultations in the afternoon of 20 April. Historical Background There have been four coups d’état in Fiji since 1987. Two coups were in 1987, one in 2000 and the most recent on 5 December 2006. The December 2006 coup saw the commander of Fiji military forces, Josaia Voreqe Bainimarama, stage a military takeover against Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase, who had been installed by the military after a civilian coup d’état was squashed in 2000. Qarase eventually won two parliamentary elections giving legitimacy to his government. Following the 2006 coup, on 4 January 2007 the military announced that it was restoring executive power to former President Josefa Iloilo, who had endorsed the actions of the military. The next day, Iloilo named Bainimarama interim prime minister. The Council issued two press statements on the situation in Fiji in 2006.
[Show full text]
The Aftermath of the 2006 Fiji Coup1
4. ‘This process of political readjustment’: The aftermath of the 2006 Fiji Coup1 Brij V. Lal Democracy remains an article of faithÐalways. That is, it stands by the faith citizens have in themselves to arrive at proper decisions affecting their common future, and the faith they have in each other respecting that faith and its processes and outcomes. This renders democracy precarious because anyone at any time with sufficient resources can knock it over and down. All it takes is `bad faith.' That is, anyone can destroy democracy by simply losing faith in what it is by its very nature. Fiji Daily Post (editorial), 21 April 2007 However much I may sympathize with and admire worthy motives, I am an uncompromising opponent of violent methods even to serve the noblest of causes. Mahatma Gandhi `We consider that Fiji has reached a crossroads and that the government and all those empowered to make decisions in our constitutional democracy are unable to make these decisions to save our people from destruction', Commodore Josaia Voreqe (Frank) Bainimarama told Fiji at 6 pm on 5 December 2006. The military, which had `observed the concern and anguish of the deteriorating state of our beloved Fiji', had, therefore, `taken over the government as executive authority in the running of the country'. Those fateful words brought to a close the long-running saga of escalating tension and the mounting war of words between Laisenia Qarase's Soqosoqo Duavata ni Lewenivanua (SDL) government and the Republic of Fiji Military Forces (RFMF).2 The following day, President Ratu Josefa Iloilo met Commodore Bainimarama.
[Show full text]
Melanesia in Review: Issues and Events, 2007
Melanesia in Review: Issues and Events, 2007 Reviews of Papua New Guinea and head of state. A month earlier, Ratu West Papua are not included in this Josefa had been removed from that issue. offi ce because he had disassociated himself from the coup, on the advice Fiji of Roko Tui Bau and Vice President Fiji in 2007 was marked by cycles Ratu Joni Madraiwiwi. Bainimarama of conciliation and repression that had, at that time, said he was only echoed like seismic aftershocks from temporarily “stepping into the shoes the December 2006 coup. Steps were of the President” (Bainimarama 2006). taken by the new military-backed Now restored to offi ce, the eighty- government to reconfi gure the estab- six-year-old president lamented that lished order, by purges at the top of cultural reasons had prevented him the public service and throughout the from “fully performing [his] duties” boards of the state-owned corpora- on 5 December 2006, referring to the tions; by reconstruction of the Great anti-coup pressure from his sacked Council of Chiefs; and by reform of high-ranking deputy. But he said that the Fijian Affairs Board, the Native he “would have done exactly what the Land Trust Board, and the Fiji Devel- Commander of the rfmf, Commo- opment Bank. Although there was dore Josaia Voreqe Bainimarama did diplomatic disapproval for the over- since it was necessary to do so at the throw of Fiji’s elected government, the time” (Iloilo 2007). Read from a script new regime’s reformist credentials, as prepared by military offi cers who had, well as its anticorruption and antira- over the previous month, kept him cist platform, won it a fair number of virtually secluded from public contact, overseas admirers and some domes- the speech was carefully contrived to tic supporters.
[Show full text]
Fiji Before the Storm
Fiji Before the Storm Published by ANU E Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at http://epress.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Title: Fiji before the storm : elections and the politics of development / Brij V. Lal, editor. ISBN: 9781922144621 (pbk.) 9781922144638 (eBook) Includes bibliographical references and index. Subjects: Constitutional law--Fiji. Fiji--Politics and government--20th century. Fiji--Economic conditions. Other Authors/Contributors: Lal, Brij V. Dewey Number: 320.99611 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover photo courtesy of AP Photo/Edward Wray. This edition © 2012 ANU E Press Contents Tables and figures vi Glossary viii Contributors x Acknowledgments xi Map xii Chapter one The future of our past 1 Brij V. Lal Chapter two The Fiji Islands in transition: personal reflections 7 Sitiveni L. Rabuka Chapter three A time to change: the Fiji general elections of 1999 21 Brij V. Lal Chapter four Understanding the results of the 1999 Fiji elections 49 Robert Norton Chapter five Elections and the dilemma of indigenous Fijian political unity 73 Alumita Durutalo Chapter six Peripheral visions? Rabi Island in Fiji's general election 93 Teresia K. Teaiwa Chapter seven Land, Lome and the Fiji sugar industry 111 Padma Lal Chapter eight Inshore fisheries development in Fiji 135 Joeli Veitayaki Chapter nine Women and politics in Fiji 149 Chandra Reddy Chapter ten Economic challenges facing Fiji before the storm 161 Biman Prasad Chapter eleven Madness in May: George Speight and the unmaking of modern Fiji 175 Brij V.
[Show full text]
Fiji Islands Political Crisis: Background, Analysis, and Chronology
Order Code RS20690 Updated December 11, 2000 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Fiji Islands Political Crisis: Background, Analysis, and Chronology (name redacted) Analyst in Asian Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Summary On May 19, 2000, Fijian businessman George Speight and his followers took Prime Minister Mehendra Chaudhry, an ethnic Indian Fijian, and 30 government and parliamentary officials hostage in an attempt to return the political system to indigenous Fijian dominance. The Fiji military appointed an interim civilian government, negotiated the release of the hostages on July 14, 2000, and then arrested Speight on July 26, 2000. Although the interim civilian government expressed disapproval of Speight’s actions, it also indicated plans to create a new Constitution that bars Indo-Fijians from the position of Prime Minister. On November 16, 2000, the Fiji High Court found the formation of the interim government and abrogation of the 1997 Constitution illegal. The United States has demanded a swift restoration of democratic government in Fiji. Background Fiji’s Importance in the Region. The Republic of the Fiji Islands has the second largest population (813,000 persons)among Pacific Island states, after Papua New Guinea; and second highest per capita income, after the Cook Islands. Many observers regard the Fijian economy as one of the most viable and potentially prosperous in the region.1 Prior to the 1987 coups, described below, many political analysts regarded Fiji as a model of democratic, multi-ethnic government. Even in undemocratic periods, political violence has been relatively minimal and most human rights have remained protected.2 Fiji and Papua New Guinea are the only two South Pacific nations to have significant armed forces.
[Show full text]