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Aim1903childshistory | the Child's History of Australia. First Part / By PUPLISHED PRICE, SIXPENCE. THE CHILD’S HISTORY OF AUSTRALIA B y a . I. M. FIRST PART. , , ^ S y d n e y Brooks and Co., Limited, 17 CaSTEEREAGH STREET. 1903. DO EXLIBBIS PRENTICE cowoZ^3.-72. ^:, •• I • ::y ' ■v;.. ; .■ V; v.f: : .-/sLiv THE CHILD'S HISTORY OF AUSTRALIA By a . I. M. F IR ST P A R T S y d n e y ; W illiam Brooks and Co , Limited, 17 C a s t l e r e a o h S t r e e t . inoi. •fJJON UNIV. UftRAM Parents and teachers using this little book, are advised, when practicable, to use a large atlas or wall map to point out the places named. The little maps in the book to be used as much as possible. The experienced teacher using a blackboard, of course, needs no advice ; but we hope that to many families in the far off bush the forthcoming series may be of service. “ The many not the few.” ■ ' a.?' a , : -■ ' THE CHILD’S HISTORY OF AUSTRALIA. B y a . I. M. CHAPTER I. Australia, the country in which we live, is often called “ a new country.” England is called the Old, or Mother Country. Now, I will tell you why this is : Long ago, people on the other side of tlie world, had strange ideas of this part, where we live. Some thought there was nothing but water — the big ocean to the south of the East Indies. Others thought it was quite likely there was a big country here, but that it was too far off to trouble about. There were some funny old charts and maps. Not a bit like the ones we have now. Any of you who live near or have been to the coast on a visit and looked on the grand, blue sea, have seen the Pacific Ocean. Pacific means calm or peaceful. This ocean did not seem as rough, to those who first named it, as the other seas near the old, or first well-known part of the world. b THE CHILD S HISTORY OF AUSTRALIA. Now I must tell you about some of the brave men who first came to this part of the world. The first of whom I must tell was a brave man of Spain. This man’s name was De Quiros. He had been for one trip first, which made him think that there was a great south land to be found if folks would only try to send a ship to search. De Quiros would not rest till something was done. He asked King Philip of Spain many times to help him with ships and money to go to look for it, but De Quiros had to wait for many years. A t last, the King got tired of being asked many times and gave in thus far. He said that, though he could not give any money himself to send a ship, he would order the Governor of Peru to lit out some ships. De Quiros took the King of Spain’s orders to Peru, and very soon two ships were got. 1605. As well as two big ships, there was a small one called the “ Zabra.” The large vessels were called the Capitana ” and the Alniirante.” De Quiros anchored in a bay of a large island, which he named Terra Australis del Esperitu Santo —which means Southern Land of the Holy Spirit. This place is in the New Hebrides group. THE c h i l d 's h is t o r y OE AUSTRALIA. 7 Torres, wlio had the command of one of the ships, continued the voyage, passed through tlie strait which bears his name, then made tlie first maps of New Guinea. Torres knew that he had found an island, but De Quiros found it very large and thought it to be a continent. De Quiros was a very fine man and a great explorer. The Spaniards consider him only second to Columbus. I must tell you, if you do not know, that Columbus discovered America. Try and remember this De Quiros had a hard time ; he wanted hel]i and could not get it. About fifty letters were written, asking more help from those in power in Spain. Poor De Quiros was kept waiting for very long. He died in Panama in 1609. He had dreadful trials. Once his sailors rose against him, and sailed off with one of the three ships to Mexico. It was very sad, poor De Quiros dying after all his trouble before he could see any reward of his labours. 8 THE c h i l d ’s h is t o r y OF AUSTRALIA. A Dutch vessel called the ‘‘Leewin,” which means Lioness, sailed from Cape Leewin to King George’s Sound in 1602. As you find these places on the map of Australia you will think with me, my child, how strange it is that the name of this captain has been lost. In 1605, about the same time as De Quiros came to this part of the world, the Dutch ship Duyfhen ” or ‘‘D ove” sailed from Java. This vessel was sent to explore the coast of New Guinea. We do not know the name of the captain of the “ Dove,” but we know that he sailed into the Gulf of Carpentaria to a point called Cape “ Keerweer” (or Turnagain). 1605. Some of the crew were killed by blacks. They went away without knowing that they had found a great island continent. These were some of the first, if not the very first, Europeans to come here. They left no letters nor papers. In 1616, Dirk Hartog came to Australia. Dirk Hartog Island, in Shark Bay, is named after him. THE c h i l d ’s h is t o r y OF AUSTRALIA. 9 We know very little of Hartog or his travels. One of our historians (Mr. George Collingridge) tried hard to get full accounts, but without success. It has been found out, though, that French travellers on a boat called the “ Naturaliste ” found a plate, in 1802, recording a Dutch discovery made in 1616, on the West coast of Australia. Tliey took a copy of the writing, and then fixed the plate upon a new post in the same place. It was made of metal—some say tin and some say lead. In 1623, Jan Carstens sailed to explore the Coasts found by the Duyfhen ” or Dove.” The New Guinea blacks killed Carstens and many of his men ; but his ship kept on her way under the command of those who were left. F ind on the mar— England, Australia, East Indies, Pacific Ocean, Spain, Peru, New Hebrides, Torres Straits, New Guinea, America, Mexico, Cape Leewin, King George s Sound, Java, Gulf of Carpen- taria. Cape “ Keerweer ” (or Turnagain), Dirk Hartog Island, Shark Bay. Peter Nuyts entered the Australian Bight in the year 1627. What a long time ago that must seem to a little boy or g irl; but when you are grown up, and 10 THE c h i l d ’s h is t o r y OF AUSTRALIA. read about older countries and the histories of Greece and Rome, you will know that, though it is nearly three hundred years ago since Peter Nuyts came out here to Australia, still, in the history of the WO) Id, that is a very short time. He came into the Australian Bight about the same time that General Carpentier sailed round the Gulf at the north—now called the Gulf of Carpentaria. Some say that the Gulf was called after Carpentier, Governor-General of Batavia. Tlius you see, my dear little boy, that by degrees, all the north and west sides were sailed round by the time of which we are learning. The Dutch are the people who live in Holland. As such a number came here in these early days, you will, no doubt, think it strange that after all this we are not Dutch people in this country. By and bye you shall hear how it was that we came to be British people in Australia. When you get older, too, you shall learn how the great English nation has always been best of all modern countries at colonizing. Colonizing means forming new countries and settling them. In America there were many Spanish, Dutch, and French colonists, but the English speaking race prevailed in the end. THE c h i l d ’s h is t o r y OF AUSTRALIA. 11 One reason that the Dutch did not care to people tins country was that they judged it by the coasts they saw. The coast line, where the Dutch came, is dry and barren. The people came and looked at it, and did not stay when they saw how bare and dreary it looked. The great wealth of Australia came in the end from her wool. Also from the discovery of gold and other minerals. When the Dutch came they made maps of the coast, and they can really claim to be the hrst discoverers. It does seem strange that they missed making Australia their own. For some years Australia was called New Holland, after the country of the Dutch. The first man who gave any account to the world of Australia, and who really got to know the natives, was William Dam pier. This man gave up the wild, roving life he had led in the W^est Indies, and joined the “ Cygnet.” His friend.
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