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Geology of Hawaii Reefs
11 Geology of Hawaii Reefs Charles H. Fletcher, Chris Bochicchio, Chris L. Conger, Mary S. Engels, Eden J. Feirstein, Neil Frazer, Craig R. Glenn, Richard W. Grigg, Eric E. Grossman, Jodi N. Harney, Ebitari Isoun, Colin V. Murray-Wallace, John J. Rooney, Ken H. Rubin, Clark E. Sherman, and Sean Vitousek 11.1 Geologic Framework The eight main islands in the state: Hawaii, Maui, Kahoolawe , Lanai , Molokai , Oahu , Kauai , of the Hawaii Islands and Niihau , make up 99% of the land area of the Hawaii Archipelago. The remainder comprises 11.1.1 Introduction 124 small volcanic and carbonate islets offshore The Hawaii hot spot lies in the mantle under, or of the main islands, and to the northwest. Each just to the south of, the Big Island of Hawaii. Two main island is the top of one or more massive active subaerial volcanoes and one active submarine shield volcanoes (named after their long low pro- volcano reveal its productivity. Centrally located on file like a warriors shield) extending thousands of the Pacific Plate, the hot spot is the source of the meters to the seafloor below. Mauna Kea , on the Hawaii Island Archipelago and its northern arm, the island of Hawaii, stands 4,200 m above sea level Emperor Seamount Chain (Fig. 11.1). and 9,450 m from seafloor to summit, taller than This system of high volcanic islands and asso- any other mountain on Earth from base to peak. ciated reefs, banks, atolls, sandy shoals, and Mauna Loa , the “long” mountain, is the most seamounts spans over 30° of latitude across the massive single topographic feature on the planet. -
Photographing the Islands of Hawaii
Molokai Sea Cliffs - Molokai, Hawaii Photographing the Islands of Hawaii by E.J. Peiker Introduction to the Hawaiian Islands The Hawaiian Islands are an archipelago of eight primary islands and many atolls that extend for 1600 miles in the central Pacific Ocean. The larger and inhabited islands are what we commonly refer to as Hawaii, the 50 th State of the United States of America. The main islands, from east to west, are comprised of the Island of Hawaii (also known as the Big Island), Maui, Kahoolawe, Molokai, Lanai, Oahu, Kauai, and Niihau. Beyond Niihau to the west lie the atolls beginning with Kaula and extending to Kure Atoll in the west. Kure Atoll is the last place on Earth to change days and the last place on Earth to ring in the new year. The islands of Oahu, Maui, Kauai and Hawaii (Big Island) are the most visited and developed with infrastructure equivalent to much of the civilized world. Molokai and Lanai have very limited accommodation options and infrastructure and have far fewer people. All six of these islands offer an abundance of photographic possibilities. Kahoolawe and Niihau are essentially off-limits. Kahoolawe was a Navy bombing range until recent years and has lots of unexploded ordinance. It is possible to go there as part of a restoration mission but one cannot go there as a photo destination. Niihau is reserved for the very few people of 100% Hawaiian origin and cannot be visited for photography if at all. Neither have any infrastructure. Kahoolawe is photographable from a distance from the southern shores of Maui and Niihau can be seen from the southwestern part of Kauai. -
Topographic History of the Maui Nui Complex, Hawai'i, and Its Implications for Biogeography1
Topographic History ofthe Maui Nui Complex, Hawai'i, and Its Implications for Biogeography 1 Jonathan Paul Price 2,4 and Deborah Elliott-Fisk3 Abstract: The Maui Nui complex of the Hawaiian Islands consists of the islands of Maui, Moloka'i, Lana'i, and Kaho'olawe, which were connected as a single landmass in the past. Aspects of volcanic landform construction, island subsi dence, and erosion were modeled to reconstruct the physical history of this complex. This model estimates the timing, duration, and topographic attributes of different island configurations by accounting for volcano growth and subsi dence, changes in sea level, and geomorphological processes. The model indi cates that Maui Nui was a single landmass that reached its maximum areal extent around 1.2 Ma, when it was larger than the current island of Hawai'i. As subsi dence ensued, the island divided during high sea stands of interglacial periods starting around 0.6 Ma; however during lower sea stands of glacial periods, islands reunited. The net effect is that the Maui Nui complex was a single large landmass for more than 75% of its history and included a high proportion of lowland area compared with the contemporary landscape. Because the Hawaiian Archipelago is an isolated system where most of the biota is a result of in situ evolution, landscape history is an important detertninant of biogeographic pat terns. Maui Nui's historical landscape contrasts sharply with the current land scape but is equally relevant to biogeographical analyses. THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS present an ideal logic histories that can be reconstructed more setting in which to weigh the relative influ easily and accurately than in most regions. -
Hawaii's , Kaho`Olawe Island Section 319 Success Story
Section 319 NONPOINT SOURCE PROGRAM SUCCESS STORY Restoring Native Vegetation Reduces SedimentHawaii Entering Coastal Waters Dry environmental conditions combined with a long history of human Waterbody Improved land use have resulted in severe erosion on Kaho`olawe. Much of the island has been reduced to barren hardpan, and sediment-laden runoff affects nearshore water quality and threatens the coral reef ecosystem. Efforts to minimize erosion and restore native vegetation in two watersheds on Kaho`olawe (Hakioawa and Kaulana) have reduced the amount of sediment entering the stream/gulch systems and coastal waters and have improved the quality of coastal waters, coral reef ecosystems and native wildlife habitat. Problem The island of Kaho`olawe, the smallest of the eight main Hawaiian Islands, is approximately 7 miles southwest of Maui. Kaho`olawe lies within the rain shadow of the volcanic summit of Maui. The island has a unique history. Evidence sug- gests that Hawaiians arrived as early as 1000 A.D. Kaho`olawe served as a navigational center for voyaging, an agricultural center, the site of an adze quarry, and a site for religious and cultural ceremo- nies. More recently, Kaho`olawe was used as a penal colony, a ranch (1858–1941), and a bombing range Figure 1. A lack of vegetation leads to excessive erosion by the U.S. Navy (1938–1990). The island was also on Kaho’olawe, which in turn home to as many as 50,000 goats during a 200-year causes sediment loading into period (1793–1993). Throughout the ranching period, adjacent marine waters. uncontrolled cattle and sheep grazing caused a substantial loss of soil through accelerated erosion. -
Lei Pūpū 'O Ni'ihau
FEATURING lei pūpū ‘o ni’ihau This Valentine’s Day, gift your special someone their very own piece of Hawai’i from the island of Ni’ihau. Known as “The Forbidden Island,” Ni’ihau is home to a particular group of precious shells that have been used in the customs and traditions of native artisans. Ni’ihau’s highly skilled artisans have developed a shell lei due to the fact that the drier climate of the island is not suit- able for fresh flower leis, unlike the other islands. The art of making these highly intricate leis,lei pūpū o’ Ni’ihau, over generations, has created a fine art so valuable that its craft is protected by law. Producing specialty jewelry that sells as a luxury, a Ni’ihau Shell Lei can be worth as much as $40,000 USD. Various factors determine the price of one of these leis, such as the style of the lei (casual or dressy), color, size and type of individual shells, and of course, the quality of the stringing and length of the lei as a whole. Stringing is one of the major factors, as it is the most tedious and time consuming; each small, precious shell is individually sewn to create these intri- cate Ni’ihau Shell Leis, requiring a high level of skill, technique and patience from an artisan. Retailers working directly with Ni’ihau artisans: Oahu Nā Mea Hawai’i (Ward Warehouse in Honolulu) Bishop Museum Shop Pacifica (Honolulu) Honolulu Academy of Arts Gift Shop (Honolulu) Kauai Waimea Canyon General Store/Forever Kauai (Kekaha) Ni’ihau Helicopters (Kaumakani) Mariko (Hanapēpē) JJ Ohana (Hanapēpē) Kauai Fine Arts (Hanapēpē) Hawaiian Trading Post (Lāwa’i) Kaua’i Museum Gift Shop (Līhu’e) Kauai Gold (Coconut Marketplace) Maui Maui Ocean Center (Ma`alaea) Big Island Harbor Gallery (Kawaihae) A $25,000 multi-strand lei, made of momi and kahelelani shells. -
Sampling Program on Oahu and Maui: Hawaii’S Bio-Sampling Program
Implementing a Commercial Fisheries Bio- Sampling Program on Oahu and Maui: Hawaii’s Bio-Sampling Program December 2020 Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council 1164 Bishop St., Ste. 1400 Honolulu, Hawaiʻi, 96813 A technical report of the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council 1164 Bishop Street, Suite 1400, Honolulu, HI 96813 Prepared by Cassandra Pardee and John Wiley, Poseidon Fisheries Research. Cover Photo: Researchers remove gonads while providing outreach on the project to community members at the Kōkua Fishing Tournament in April 2019 (Photo credit: Zachary Yamada) © Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council 2020. All rights reserved. Published in the United States by the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council ISBN# 978-1-944827-79-3 Funding for this project was provided by the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council through a cooperative agreement with the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program, Award Number NA17NMF441025.1 Suggested Citation: Pardee, C. and J. Wiley. 2020. Implementing a Commercial Fisheries Bio-Sampling Program on Oahu and Maui: Hawaii’s Biosampling Program. Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council, Honolulu, Hawaii. Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council ● www.wpcouncil.org DECEMBER 2020 HAWAII’S BIO-SAMPLING Prepared by PROJECT Cassandra Pardee & John Wiley Final Technical Report Through the Hawaii Bio-Sampling Program we have measured over 11,000 commercially caught reef fish from markets on Oahu and Maui. We have also sampled over 1,000 fish from 9 species for longevity, growth and reproduction studies. The goal of the Bio-Sampling project is to gather local demography and catch data to better inform stock assessment scientists and fishery managers. -
The Hawaiian Islands –Tectonic Plate Movement
Plate Tectonics Worksheet 2 L3 MiSP Plate Tectonics Worksheet #2 L3 Name _____________________________ Date_____________ THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS – TECTONIC PLATE MOVEMENT Introduction: (excerpts from Wikipedia and http://pubs.usgs.gov/publications/text/Hawaiian.html) The Hawaiian Islands represent the last and youngest part of a long chain of volcanoes extending some 6000 km across the Pacific Ocean and ending in the Aleutian Trench off the coast of Alaska. This volcanic chain consists of the small section Hawaiian archipelago (Windward Isles, and the U.S. State of Hawaii), the much longer Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (Leeward Isles), and finally the long Emperor Seamounts. The Leeward Isles consist mostly of atolls, atoll islands and extinct islands, while the Emperor Seamounts are extinct volcanoes that have been eroded well beneath sea level. This long volcanic chain was created over some 70 million years by a hot spot that supplied magma, formed deep in the earth’s interior (mantle), that pushed its way through the earth’s surface and ocean cover forming volcanic islands. As the Pacific Plate was moved by tectonic forces within the Earth, the hot spot continually formed new volcanoes on the Pacific Plate, producing the volcanic chain. The direction and rate of movement for the Pacific Plate will be determined with the help of the approximate age of some of the Hawaiian volcanoes and distances between them. Procedure 1: 1. Using the data provided in Table 1 , plot a graph on the next page that compares the age of the Hawaiian Islands and reefs to their longitude. 2. Label the island (reef) name next to each plotted point. -
January 21, 2021: COVID-19 Update
Total Passenger Count HTA COVID-19 UPDATE (excluding flights from Canada) (Issued: 1/21/21 @ 4:30pm) 50,000 Reason for Trip by Arrival 40,000 Honolulu Kahului Kona Lihue Grand Airport - Transpacific Screened 30,000 (HNL) (OGG) (KOA) (LIH) Total Passengers as of 01/20/21 20,000 Airline Crew 363 180 85 7 635 10,000 Connecting Flight (Transit) 275 12 4 1 292 - Corporate Meeting 3 4 2 0 9 Essential Worker 89 30 8 3 130 Honeymoon 3 3 2 0 8 Incentive Trip 1 2 0 0 3 Intended Resident 105 23 16 0 144 2019 2020 2021 Military or Federal Government 186 2 1 3 192 Other 49 24 9 0 82 Domestic Passenger Count Other Business 61 23 14 2 100 40,000 Pleasure/Vacation 1,363 1,542 476 25 3,406 Returning Resident 789 132 77 17 1,015 30,000 Sports Event 18 0 0 0 18 20,000 To Attend School 15 0 1 0 16 10,000 To Get Married 7 2 0 0 9 Transit 1 0 0 0 1 - Visiting Friends or Relatives 503 147 126 7 783 Grand Total 3,831 2,126 821 65 6,843 Source: Safe Travels program developed by the State of Hawaii Office of Enterprise Technology Services Note: The data is preliminary and subject to change 2019 2020 2021 Footnotes for COVID-19 Cases Novel Coronavirus in Hawaii COVID-19 Positive Cases *As a result of updated information, one case on Oahu was International Passenger Count removed from the counts. -
West Maui Region (Lahaina Aquifer Sector)
WEST MAUI REGION (LAHAINA AQUIFER SECTOR) This is a synopsis of work in progress for the Lahaina aquifer sector for further public input. Analysis is ongoing and the information below has not been reviewed by the Board of Water Supply, County Council or the State Commission on Water Resource Management. Preliminary findings are subject to change based on input and further analysis. PLANNING BOUNDARIES The Water Use and Development Plan (WUDP) allocates water to land uses and water users consistent with the Maui Island Plan. The WUDP uses hydrologic units for presentation and analysis consistent with state requirements for updating the plan. Unlike other areas of Maui, the West Maui Community Plan and Lahaina aquifer sector boundaries are the same, and the various public water systems are contained within their boundaries. The region also encompasses the Lahaina and Ka‘anapali moku and underlying ahupua‘a as discussed later. WATER RESOURCES IN THE LAHAINA AQUIFER Climate, hydrology, geology and human activities affect the water cycle and the surface and ground water systems which are interconnected. The fresh ground water system contains dike-impounded water in the mountainous interior part of the aquifer and a freshwater lens floating on saltwater; fresh water generally moves from the dike- impounded water body to the freshwater-lens system in volcanic rock and then to the ocean. Most of the public water supply in west Maui is pumped from this freshwater lens. Most streams on West Maui Volcano receive groundwater discharge from the dike-impounded water body, but much of this water is diverted for offstream uses. -
Kaho`Olawe Community Plan (1995)
KAHO`OLAWE COMMUNITY PLAN (1995) Maui County Council TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PART I INTRODUCTION TO THE KAHO`OLAWE COMMUNITY PLAN A. Purpose of the Kaho`olawe Community Plan.................................................. 1 B. The Role of the Community Plan in the Planning Process.............................. 1 C. The 1992 Community Plan Update ................................................................... 2 PART II DESCRIPTION OF THE REGION AND ITS PROBLEMS AND OPPORTUNITIES A. Planning Area Description................................................................................. 5 B. Identification of Major Problems and Opportunities of the Region................ 8 C. Interregional Issues .............................................................................................10 PART III POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS, IMPLEMENTING ACTIONS AND STANDARDS FOR THE KAHO`OLAWE REGION A. Intended Effect of the Kaho`olawe Community Plan.......................................11 B. Goals, Objectives, Policies and Implementing Actions...................................12 Land Use Environment Cultural Resources Economic Activity Population, Housing and Design Physical Infrastructure Government and Social Infrastructure C. Planning Standards.............................................................................................23 PART IV IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS ........................................................26 PART V LAND USE MAP.................................................................................................30 -
Aloha Hawaii! Oahu, the Big Island, and Maui
ALOHA HAWAII! OAHU, BIG ISLAND, AND MAUI with Women of the Midwest W! ! & M)%& Travel Solo Together March 8-16, 2022 CO | IA | KS | MN | MO | NE Dear Women of the Midwest, I’m thrilled to return to Hawaii and be your ambassador on this special trip! This exceptional tour will take us to three of my favorite islands; Oahu, the Big Island, and Maui. Nearly 2,000 miles from the nearest continent, Hawaii has always lured travelers seeking paradise, and there is enough beauty and activity in Hawaii to fill more vacations than we could take in a lifetime. During our Hawaiian adventure, we will enjoy waterfalls, gaze at an active volcano and discover black, green, and white sand beaches. The colorful countryside with its small towns and scenic drives, farmers’ markets, craft fairs, and gift shops that carry wonderful island keepsakes, are just some of the highlights of this trip and the things we will experience together. Oh, and make sure to bring your floral dress for our special luau celebration with the locals.A luau, a Polynesian and ancient Hawaiian ritual, is a popular social gathering meant to unite the people of a town in celebration of a significant life event, achievement, war victory, or launching of a new canoe. With our knowledgeable local tour guide, we will sip and savor the foods and drinks, learn about the history and unique Hawaiian lifestyle, but most importantly, I will personally make sure you enjoy this once-in-a-lifetime journey to the fullest. Let’s travel to get to learn the true meaning of Aloha Hawaii! Come join me, solo or two-by-two, enjoy with girlfriends, or make new friends - even share a room with a new friend - we will introduce you ahead of time! Sincerely, Ann K. -
MAUI NUI DESTINATION MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN 2021–2023 Contents
MAUI NUI DESTINATION MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN 2021–2023 Contents 2 I. INTRODUCTION 20 VI. MOLOKA‘I DESTINATION MANAGEMENT 2 Purpose of the Plan ACTION PLAN 4 Formation of the DMAP 20 Moloka‘i Tourism Situation Analysis 5 Implementation Framework 22 Vision for Moloka‘i’s Tourism 6 II. OVERVIEW OF TOURISM IN HAWAI‘I 22 Moloka‘i Destination Management Actions 6 Overall Trends 28 Moloka‘i Tourism Hotspots 7 Tourism Forecast 30 VII. LĀNA‘I DESTINATION MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN 7 Resident Sentiment 30 Lāna‘i Tourism Situation Analysis 8 III. GOAL 32 Vision for Lāna‘i’s Tourism 8 IV. OBJECTIVES 32 Lāna‘i Destination Management Actions 10 V. MAUI DESTINATION MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN 38 Lāna‘i Tourism Hotspots 10 Maui Tourism Situation Analysis 12 Vision for Maui Tourism 39 Acknowledgement 12 Maui Destination Management Actions 41 Glossary 18 Maui Actions for Future Consideration 42 Sources 18 Maui’s Tourism Hotspots 1 I. Introduction PURPOSE OF THE PLAN In 2019, the Hawaiian Islands received a record high of 10.4 million visitors. While this brought in $17.75 billion in total visitor spending to Hawai‘i’s businesses, generated $2.07 billion in taxes, and supported 216,000 jobs statewide, it also put pressure on some of our destinations and communities. This situa- tion is not unique to Hawai‘i. Other popular destinations—from Venice, Italy to Machu Picchu, Peru, to Kyoto, Japan—have also felt the negative efects of tourism, which not only impacts residents’ quality of life but also the quality of the visitor experience. 2 MAUI NUI DESTINATION MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN 2021–2023 In recognition of these challenges, the Hawai‘i Tour- The idea of “regenerative tourism” gained momentum ism Authority (HTA), in partnership with the coun- in 2020, as the global COVID-19 pandemic increased ties and the respective visitor bureaus, initiated the awareness of tourism’s opportunities and vulnerabili- process of developing community-based Destination ties.