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Autobiographic Self-Construction in the Letters of Emily Dickinson

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Autobiographic Self-Construction in the Letters of Emily Dickinson University of Wollongong Theses Collection University of Wollongong Theses Collection University of Wollongong Year Autobiographic self-construction in the letters of Emily Dickinson Lori Karen Lebow University of Wollongong Lebow, Lori K, Autobiographic self-construction in the letters of Emily Dickinson, PhD thesis, Department of English, University of Wollongong, 1999. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/2 This paper is posted at Research Online. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/2 NOTE This online version of the thesis may have different page formatting and pagination from the paper copy held in the University of Wollongong Library. UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGONG COPYRIGHT WARNING You may print or download ONE copy of this document for the purpose of your own research or study. The University does not authorise you to copy, communicate or otherwise make available electronically to any other person any copyright material contained on this site. You are reminded of the following: Copyright owners are entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. A reproduction of material that is protected by copyright may be a copyright infringement. A court may impose penalties and award damages in relation to offences and infringements relating to copyright material. Higher penalties may apply, and higher damages may be awarded, for offences and infringements involving the conversion of material into digital or electronic form. Autobiographic Self-Construction in the Letters of Emily Dickinson A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY From The University of Wollongong by Lori Karen Lebow, MA, Hons English Studies Program, 1999. Emily Dickinson circa 1847-48 Daguerreotype made in South Hadley Reproduced with the pennission of Amherst College Library TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE ABSRACT i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ii GUIDES TO THE READER: ABBREVIATIONS iii LIST OF FIGURES, TABLES AND ILLUSTRATIONS iv PREFACE iv INTRODUCTION: Epistolary Autobiographics and the Letters of Emily Dickinson 1 I. Historical Background 2 II. Gender and Genre 5 III. Producing a Textual Self 10 IV. Epistolary Autobiographics 14 V. Emily Dickinson's Epistolary Autobiographics 19 VI. Chapters 26 CHAPTER ONE: Self as Letter Writer 31 I. Nineteenth-Century Letter Writing in New England 32 II. Explicit Comments About Letter Genre 37 III. Techniques to Bridge Distance 41 IV. Composing Letters and Semiotics 48 V. Faithful Correspondent 56 CHAPTER TWO: Self as Intimate Friend 72 I. Epistolary Friendship 73 II. Affection 77 III. Uniqueness 82 IV. Loyalty and Support 84 V. Epistolary Intimacy Effects 89 VI. Friendship Case Studies 105 CHAPTER THREE: Self as Storyteller 117 I. News Reporter 119 II. Dickinson's Character Roles: Hero and Victim 124 III. Atmospheric Settings: The I of the Beholder 133 IV. Preserving Character Through Scripted Dialogue 140 V. Telling Linguistic Tricks 144 CHAPTER FOUR: Self as Thinker 150 I. Historic and Cultural Background 151 II. Defining a Thinking Identity 153 III. Faith and Doubt, Time and Eternity 162 IV. Textual Construction of Immortality 169 CHAPTER FIVE: Self as Writer 181 I. Self-Definition 182 II. Imagery and Style 191 III. Self as Poet 212 CONCLUSION 219 APPENDICES 231 BIBLIOGRAPHY 259 AUTOBIOGRAPHIC SELF-CONSTRUCTION IN THE LETTERS OF EMILY DICKINSON CANDIDATE: Lori Lebow DEGREE: PhD DEPARTMENT: English Studies Program, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia SUPERVISORS: Dr Anne Lear and Dr Anne Collett Abstract Emily Dickinson’s collected correspondence creates an autobiographical record of her textual self-construction. Despite her reclusive lifestyle, correspondence permitted communication with a dispersed and select readership. Her epistolary personae construct this accessible presence despite her physical withdrawal. This dissertation explores how her interpersonal textual strategies closely follow the kinds of interactions sought in face-to-face encounters to form intimate, lasting friendships. The complex philosophical issues associated with self-consciousness and identity are enacted and discussed in Dickinson's letters because her textual self-construction became a significant relational activity. Identity construction and role-play allowed her to speak in a society that pressured women to remain silent. Her roles as letter- writer, storyteller, intimate confidante, thinker, and poet will be closely examined here. Besides these epistolary personae, her innovative linguistic style transformed letter genre by combining poetry and prose to create a unique textual voice which allowed her to articulate her experience as a woman aspiring to literary achievement. Close textual analysis reveals how epistolary interaction influences the texts and writers who engage in it, as well as the interpretive challenges for readers who attempt to chart these textual companionships over time through access to the collected letters. By recording her ideas in epistolary text, Dickinson left to posterity a detailed portrait of her complex and passionate identity. §§§ ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the University of Wollongong for granting me the University Postgraduate Award enabling me to pursue work on this project, and the Department of Schools Education for approving my study leave. I am indebted to University of Wollongong English Studies Program for providing me with teaching and research opportunities that profoundly influenced my own studies. The University Post Graduate Office generously contributed funding for my attendance in the 1998 American Literature Association Conference in San Diego, allowing me to participate in the enriching discussions about Dickinson work in progress. My supervisors, Dr Anne Lear and Dr Anne Colette offered expert help and efficient guidance. The interest and active support I received from Dr Gerry Turcotte, Dr Dorothy Jones, Dr Kate Newey, Dr Paul Sharrad, and Dr Graham Barwell has been invaluable. The Arts Faculty Reference Librarians under the direction of Lynn Wright comprised a tireless and enthusiastic network whose expertise and social grace distinguished their work and contributed to the pleasure of research. Among the many dedicated librarians, my special gratitude to Catriona McGurk, Susan Jones, and Helen Mandl for service beyond duty. Bob Corderoy materially assisted in developing my computer skills, and generously extended his expertise to assist in producing graphics for this dissertation. The academics and enthusiasts of the two major email discussion groups devoted to Emily Dickinson (the Dickinson Emweb and DICKNSON-List) and the generosity of members of the Emily Dickinson International Society afforded unstinting answers to my questions and helpful guidance in my reading. I would particularly like to thank the editors of the Emily Dickinson Journal, Suzanne Juhasz and Lynne Spear, for their patience and perseverance with what I dubbed the “indefinite article from Oz.” Their care and dedication contributed to my development as a writer and progress as a scholar by showing me “ … Heights … [I] never saw—” [P446]. I would also like to thank John Lancaster, Curator Special Collections of Amherst College Library, and members of the library staff, for granting me access to the letters of Emily Dickinson in their possession during my brief but unforgettable visit to Amherst early in my research. The helpful and cooperative expedition with which they met my requests contributed to the atmosphere of supportive assistance that I encountered throughout my research. Special gratitude is owed to my email friends, Dr Tim Morris and Patricia Sierra, whose encouragement, expertise, and unfailing sense of humour made the work a privilege and a pleasure. Also of great help was Dr Jim Fraser who facilitated my acquisition of documents and texts essential to my work. My friends have demonstrated the finest qualities defining interpersonal relationships by offering their tolerant interest and nutritional supplements, as well as emotional support. Special thanks to Sue Bromham, Tony Parro, Dr Robin and Margaret Yarrow, Kate Morris, Sharon Duke, and Greg Ratcliffe. Finally, I would like to thank my family for their patience and energetic dedication. They were special forces on the North American continent, contacts with Dickinson scholars and knowledgeable advisors about the intricacies of academia, as well as enthusiastic research assistants, field workers, and converts to the joys and wonders of Dickinson's texts. Cindy Fogg, Tom Flaherty, Tasha Lebow, and my dear mother, Bella would not have done this without me. Need I add, I could not have done this without them. §§§ GUIDES TO THE READER ABBREVIATIONS: The following abbreviations are used throughout: Letters The Letters of Emily Dickinson. 3 vols. ed. Thomas H. Johnson and Theodora Ward. Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1958. Citations are indicated with L and the Johnson Number in brackets. For example: Letter Number 60 appears [L60]. Page references for Letter citations appear in parenthesis. Poems The Poems of Emily Dickinson: Including Variant Readings Critically Compared with All Known Manuscripts. 3 vols. ed. Thomas H. Johnson. Cambridge, Mass: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1955. Citations are indicated with P and the Johnson Number in parenthesis. For example: Poem Number 60 appears (P60) Life The Life of Emily Dickinson. Richard Sewall. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard UP, 1974. YH The Years and Hours of Emily Dickinson.
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