Parthian Stations by 1 Isidore of Charax
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The Politics of Parthian Coinage in Media
The Politics of Parthian Coinage in Media Author(s): Farhang Khademi Nadooshan, Seyed Sadrudin Moosavi, Frouzandeh Jafarzadeh Pour Reviewed work(s): Source: Near Eastern Archaeology, Vol. 68, No. 3, Archaeology in Iran (Sep., 2005), pp. 123-127 Published by: The American Schools of Oriental Research Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25067611 . Accessed: 06/11/2011 07:31 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The American Schools of Oriental Research is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Near Eastern Archaeology. http://www.jstor.org The Parthians (174 BCE-224CE) suc- , The coins discussed here are primarily from ceeded in the the Lorestan Museum, which houses the establishing longest jyj^' in the ancient coins of southern Media.1 However, lasting empire J0^%^ 1 Near East.At its Parthian JF the coins of northern Media are also height, ^S^ considered thanks to the collection ruleextended Anatolia to M from ^^^/;. housed in the Azerbaijan Museum theIndus and the Valley from Ef-'?S&f?'''' in the city of Tabriz. Most of the Sea to the Persian m Caspian ^^^/// coins of the Azerbaijan Museum Farhang Khademi Gulf Consummate horsemen el /?/ have been donated by local ^^ i Nadooshan, Seyed indigenoustoCentral Asia, the ? people and have been reported ?| ?????J SadrudinMoosavi, Parthians achieved fame for Is u1 and documented in their names. -
Look Back Through the Millennia and You'll Find Women in Power Even in Humanity's Earliest Days. Here's a Look at Seven Po
LHOSSINE/CREATIVE COMMONS NATIONAL PALACE MUSEUM / PUBLIC DOMAIN CREATIVE COMMONS GUSTAVO JERONIMO/CREATIVE COMMONS GEVORK NAZARYAN/CREATIVE COMMONS INDIA POST Look back through the millennia and you’ll find women Women in power even in humanity’s earliest days. Here’s a look at seven powerful queens and in their accomplishments. PUBLIC DOMAIN History WOMEN IN HISTORY | AFRICAN LEGEND Dihya, Berber Warrior Queen Dihya was born into the Jarawa Zenata tribe in the 7th century and eventually ruled a free Berber state in north Africa that stretched from the Aures Mountains to the oasis of Gadames. She is usually described as very tall with a lot of hair, which may mean she wore her hair long and in dread- locks. The Ancient History Encyclopedia says she was a black, African queen who dressed as royals of ancient Numidia in a loose tunic or robe, sometimes belted, with sandals. FIGHTING THE ARABS Dihya was also referred to in Arabic sources as al Kahina, meaning the soothsayer, because of her alleged ability to foresee the future. She fought off the armies of the Umayyad Dynasty, led by Hasan bin al-Nu’man, who marched from Egypt and met her near Meskiana in 698 (modern day Algeria). It’s said she beat him so badly that he fled to Libya for five years. However, Hasan eventually returned and, helped by a captured officer, defeated Dihya near Tabarka in modern Tunisia near the Algerian border. History dis- agrees on whether she died a warrior’s death in battle or took poison to prevent capture, but it likely occurred in the late 690s or early 700s. -
Patria Persorum, India Dimirica-Evilat and India Thermantica-Elamitis in the Cosmographia of Ravennas Anonymus
D. T. POTTS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF THE ANCIENT WORLD, NEW YORK UNIVERSITY PATRIA PERSORUM, INDIA DIMIRICA-EVILAT AND INDIA THERMANTICA-ELAMITIS IN THE COSMOGRAPHIA OF RAVENNAS ANONYMUS SUMMARY This study examines the toponyms largely within the Iranian sphere (excluding Central Asia) that are recorded in the Cosmographia of the Anonymous Geographer of Ravenna. Previous identifications are examined and evaluated. Based upon the most probable toponymic identifications, the internal logic of sequences of toponyms is considered, and these sequences are compared with those of the older Tabula Peutingeriana. Keywords: Ravennas Anonymus; Persia; historical geography; India Dimirica; Thermantica; Elamitis; Patria persorum. RÉSUMÉ La présente contribution analyse les toponymes en rapport large avec la sphère iranienne (à l’exclusion de l’Asie centrale) qui sont répertoriés dans la Cosmographia du Géographe Anonyme de Ravenne. Les indentifications antérieures sont réexaminées et évaluées. Sur la base des identifications toponymiques les plus probables, on étudie la logique interne des séquences des toponymes, puis on compare ces séquences avec ceux présents dans la Tabula Peutingerina, plus ancienne que la Cosmographia. Mots clés : Anonyme de Ravenne ; Perse ; géographie historique ; India Dimirica ; Thermantica ; Elamitis ; Partia persorum. * * * The Cosmographia, written at Ravenna in the early eighth century by an unidentified author commonly referred to as the Anonymous Geographer of Ravenna, or Ravennas Anonymus (hereafter Rav.), has been an object of study since the 17th century. Many scholars have clearly demonstrated Rav.’s debt to the Tabula Peutingeriana (hereafter Tab. Peut.), Cl. Ptolemy’s Geography, Jordanes’ Getica, the Chronicle of Fredegar, the Annales regni Francorum, Roman maps and itineraries, various writers known and unknown (e.g. -
Augustan Poets on the Roman-Parthian Treaty of 20 Bc
Classica Cracoviensia vol. XX (2017), pp. 5-44 https://doi.org/10.12797/CC.20.2017.20.01 TOMASZ BABNIS JAGIELLONIAN UNIVERSITY, KRAKÓW AUGUSTAN POETS ON THE ROMAN-PARTHIAN TREATY OF 20 BC ABSTRACT: From the moment Rome established contacts with the Parthian empire in the 1st century BC, its relations with the eastern neighbour became one of the most important points of Roman foreign policy. Attempts to subjugate Parthia ended in Rome’s crushing defeat at Carrhae in 53 BC. Having taken over power in the Roman Republic, Octavian Augustus became much more active in his oriental policy, wishing to erase the shame brought upon Rome by the defeat. The peace treaty signed in 20 BC was the Emperor’s diplomatic success and was presented as a great triumph by the Roman propaganda. In this paper, I analyse several frag- ments referring to this agreement in the works of the Augustan poets Horace, Propertius and Ovid. The works, written over almost three decades, present this event from various perspectives. On the one hand, they show a strong intermixture of politics and literature, and on the other hand, great talent and artistic skill of the poets writing creatively about issues which were current in Rome at the time. KEY WORDS: Augustan age, Augustan poetry, Romano-Parthian relations, Roman- Parthian treaty of 20 BC, Iran in Latin poetry 1. INTRODUCTION Towards the end of his life, when Emperor Augustus was writing his political biography, commonly known as the Res Gestae Divi Augusti or – in reference to the location, where its first copy was found – the 6 TOoASs oAoNIS Monumentum Ancyranum, alongside the numerous achievements of the long decades of his rule over the Imperium Romanum, he included a mention of the Roman-Parthian treaty of 20:1 Parthos trium exercitum Romanorum spolia et signa reddere mihi suppli- cesque amicitiam populi Romani petere coegi. -
Marek Jan Olbrycht the Genealogy of Artabanos II (AD 8/9-39
Marek Jan Olbrycht The genealogy of Artabanos II (AD 8/9-39 Miscellanea Anthropologica et Sociologica 15/3, 92-97 2014 Miscellanea Anthropologica et Sociologica 2014, 15 (3): 92–97 Marek Jan Olbrycht1 The genealogy of Artabanos II (AD 8/9–39/40), King of Parthia One of the most controversial issues in the Parthian history of the early 1st century AD is the lineage of Artabanos II. The resolution of this problem determines the image of Parthian his- tory in the 1st century AD, moulded to a large extent by an internecine struggle for the legiti- mation of rival parties’ claim to power. After the death of Phraates IV (37–3/2 BC) Parthia was ravaged by domestic wars. The power of his son, Phraates V (Phraatakes), turned out to be rather ephemeral. He was succeeded by one Orodes III, an Arsacid but of unknown line- age, who reigned for a short time, and this by Vonones I, son of Phraates IV. Eventually a new order initiated by Artabanos II (ca. 8–39/40), the adversary of the descendants of Phraates IV, emerged out of the chaos of war and political turmoil. The time when Artabanos’s an- cestral house rose to a high position in Parthia seems to be located somewhere within the turbulent first decade or so of the reign of Phraates IV. We may put forward a hypothesis that a branch of the Arsacids which survived the turmoil of the Sinatrukid period lived among the Dahae. It was from this line that Artabanos II was descended. -
Long Distance Trade and the Parthian Empire: Reclaiming Parthian Agency from an Orientalist Historiography
Western Washington University Western CEDAR WWU Graduate School Collection WWU Graduate and Undergraduate Scholarship Spring 2018 Long Distance Trade and the Parthian Empire: Reclaiming Parthian Agency from an Orientalist Historiography Evan J. (Evan Jeffery) Jones Western Washington University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Jones, Evan J. (Evan Jeffery), "Long Distance Trade and the Parthian Empire: Reclaiming Parthian Agency from an Orientalist Historiography" (2018). WWU Graduate School Collection. 692. https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/692 This Masters Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the WWU Graduate and Undergraduate Scholarship at Western CEDAR. It has been accepted for inclusion in WWU Graduate School Collection by an authorized administrator of Western CEDAR. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Long Distance Trade and the Parthian Empire: Reclaiming Parthian Agency from an Orientalist Historiography By Evan Jones Accepted in Partial Completion of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in History ADVISORY COMMITTEE Dr. Steven Garfinkle, Chair Dr. Roger Thompson Dr. Tristan Goldman GRADUATE SCHOOL Dr. Gautam Pillay, Dean Master’s Thesis In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a master’s degree at Western Washington University, I grant to Western Washington University the non-exclusive royalty-free right to archive, reproduce, distribute, and display the thesis in any and all forms, including electronic format, via any digital library mechanisms maintained by WWU. I represent and warrant this is my original work and does not infringe or violate any rights of others. -
Ancient Syria: a Three Thousand Year History
OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 11/20/2013, SPi ANCIENT SYRIA OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 11/20/2013, SPi OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 11/20/2013, SPi ANCIENT SYRIA a three thousand year history TREVOR BRYCE 1 OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 11/20/2013, SPi 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, ox2 6dp, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © Trevor Bryce 2014 The moral rights of the author have been asserted First Edition published in 2014 Impression: 1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Control Number: 2013942192 ISBN 978–0–19–964667–8 Printed in Italy by L.E.G.O. -
Parthians in the Oxus Valley
PARTHIANS IN THE OXUS VALLEY. STRUGGLE FOR THE GREAT INDIAN ROAD It is impossible to appreciate how the Great Indian Road functioned without understanding the political situation and the cultural interactions of the peoples who lived along it from the Indus valley to the Caspian Sea in the period following the disintegration of the Graeco-Bactrian kingdom and the foundation of the Kushan state. In that period the most powerful groups were the Parthian kingdom and the Great Yuezhi, the immediate successors of the Graeco-Bactrians, through whose territories the main land routes and the waterway along the Oxus either crossed or passed nearby. Closely linked to the Oxus route was a number of nomadic tribes, chiefly the Parni and Dahae,1 who inhabited the vast region extending from the Caspian Sea to the Oxus and controlled the main route that ran across the Karakum desert along the Kelif Uzboi and the Uzboi proper. Moreover, by the end of the 2nd century BC, diplomatic and commercial relations had been established between Han China and the Parthian kingdom, which inaugurated another transcontinental route – the Silk Road. Mithridates I (171/170–138 BC), who was most responsible for the growth of Parthia as a dominant power with his conquests in the West, between 160 and 150 BC seized the Graeco- Bactrian satrapies of Aspiones and Touriva, probably situated in the north-western part of present-day Afghanistan on the Oxus. One cannot help but to regard Mithridates’ war in Bactria as the first attempt by the Parthians to take control of one of the key stretches of the Great Indian Route along the Oxus. -
Cumulative Index
Cumulates Indexes For: Ancient Civilizations: Almanac Ancient Civilizations Ancient Civilizations: Reference Library Biographies Ancient Civilizations Reference Library Cumulative Index combines the indexes to Ancient Civilizations: Almanac and Ancient Civilizations: Biographies. Civilization Civilizations Ancient Ancient Civilizations: Almanac (two volumes) focuses on twelve civilizations and cultures—from the rise of the ancient Egyptians and Sumerians to the fall of the Romans in A.D. 476. While concentrating on each culture’s unique history and customs, Ancient Civilizations: Almanac also highlights the similarities between cultures that existed thousands of years—and sometimes thousands of miles—apart from each other. The set includes more than 110 black-and-white photographs, maps that place the civilizations in geographic context, and numerous sidebar boxes that offer up in-depth coverage of high interest topics. Ancient Civilizations: Biographies presents the life stories of thirty-eight individuals who had a great influence on the ancient civilization in which they lived. The biographies span from the beginning of Sumerian civilization in 3500 B.C. to the decline of the Teotihuacán around A.D. 750. Well-known historical figures, such as Greek philosopher Aristotle and Persian emperor Xerxes, are featured, as well as lesser-known figures, such as Celtic queen Boadicea and Egyptian ruler Hatshepsut. More than 50 black-and-white illustrations and photographs enliven the text, while sidebars in every entry focus on high-interest topics. Cumulative Index Ancient Civilizations Reference Library L • X • Stacy A. McConnell, Index Coordinator U s AC-Almnc.V1tpgs 10/28/99 3:34 PM Page 1 Ancient Civilizations Almanac AC-Almnc.V1tpgs 10/28/99 3:34 PM Page 3 Egypt–India VOLUME 1 Ancient Civilizations Almanac Judson Knight Stacy A. -
Thea Musa, Roman Queen of Parthia
0320-07_Iran_Antiq_43_11_Strugnell 09-01-2008 14:59 Pagina 275 Iranica Antiqua, vol. XLIII, 2008 doi: 10.2143/IA.43.0.2024051 THEA MUSA, ROMAN QUEEN OF PARTHIA BY Emma STRUGNELL (University of Melbourne) Abstract: This article considers the ancient and modern evidence for recon- structing the life of Thea Musa, Roman Queen of Parthia. This singular woman rose to prominence in Parthia just prior to the turn of the millennium, and is iden- tified as a gift of Augustus himself to King Phraates IV. Through this gift Augus- tus sought to undermine Parthian succession. Yet incredibly, Musa receives no specific mention in any Latin source. It is argued that the omission of her narra- tive is deliberate and an indication of the vexation felt by Augustus at his failure to maintain the so-called ‘Parthian Peace’ first negotiated in 20 BC. Musa’s ascen- dance in Parthia marks a resurgence of Parthian claims to the disputed territory of Armenia. Outright war is averted only by the intervention of Gaius Caesar. The decision to send the Parthian heirs to Rome, it is argued, should not be interpreted as Parthian acceptance of Roman hegemony, but rather as part of Musa’s desire to ensure her political position and that of her son, Phraataces. Keywords: Thea Musa, Phraates IV, Augustus, Parthian Standards This paper takes as its subject the remarkable life of Thea Musa, Roman Queen of Parthia. This singular woman is the first Parthian Basilíssa, and the first woman to be deified within her own lifetime1. Musa in fact held such a position of political authority that she, and not her husbands, seems to have directed Parthian foreign policy. -
The Parthian Stations
Copyright 1 9 14 by the Co mm ercial Museum Philade lphia The illustration on the title page is ofa tetradrachm o f Tiridates II in the Parthian Co llection of the British Museum . P A R TH I A N S TA TI O N S I S I D O R E O F C H A R A X f b ‘ lLC MJI n u kL AN ACCOUN T OF TH E OV ERLAN D TRADE ROUT E BET\VEEN TH E LEVAN T AN D I N DIA IN TH E I ST C UR . F R EN T Y B . C TH E G E E TEXT W IT A T AN ATI O N R K , H R SL A N D CO MM E NTARY BY L E . S A . M . WI FR D H CHOFF, Secreta o t/1c Commercia l Mm eum P/zi/ d l ry f , a elj bia PHILAD ELPHIA PUBLISHED BY THE CO MMERCIAL MUSEUM 1 9 14 I ZIAQP OT X AP AKHN OT ETAOMOI HAP OI K OI ’ Mea ovro'ra p la s xa i Ba Mvma s a xoivoc ’ ' ' A7ro7\7twma n 809 a xoiv oc Ny ' X a wuf'n 80 a xa k 9 xoivm . ' 1 S a x M 7 5“ xoivoc B . ' ' Ka a 8 m a oiv o Xc p B n 79 x c . ' ’ M 3ta 7 1 vw 0 0 0 h n s 39 ci 54 30 5 f. ' ' P a ' m v afa a oivoc m y fis Mn s x y . -
Parthian Stations by Isidore of Charax
CHoFF PARTHIAN STATIONS BY ISIDORE OF CHARAX AN ACCOUNT OF THE OVERLAND TRADE ROUTE BETWEEN THE LEVANT AND INDIA IN THE FIRST CENTURY B. C. THE GREEK TEXT, WITH A TRANSLATION AND COMMENTARY BY WILFRED H. SCHOFF, A. M. S~cr~/ary of/he Commercial Museum, PlLiladelphia PHILADELPHIA: PUBLISHED BY THE COMMERCIAL MUSEUM 1914 1IIIIirl\im~134066 IDI[~nlllll THE PARTHIAN STATIONS OF ISIDORE OF CHARAX Copyright 1914 by the Commercial Museum Philadelphia The illustration on the title page is of a tetradrachm of Tiridates II in the Parthian Collection of the British Museum. PARTHIAN STATIONS BY ISIDORE OF CHARAX AN ACCOUNT OF THE OVERLAND T-RADE ROUTE BET\VEEN THE LEVANT AND INDIA IN THE FIRST CENTURY B. C. THE GREEK TEXT, WITH A TRANSLATION AND COMMENTARY BY vVILFRED H. SCHOFF, A. M. Secretary of the C ommercitll Museum, Philadelphia PHILADELPHIA: PUBLISHED BY THE COMMERCIAL MUSEUM 1914 2 12IA!lPOT XAPAKHNOT ~TA®MOI TIAP®IKOI M€U07rOTa/J-{a~ Kat Ba(3vAwvta~ uXOtvo/, po a'. , A7rOA.AWVuinSo~ uXOtvo/, Ary'. XaAwvtnSo~ UXOtVOt Ka'. M1]Ua~ uxo£vo/, K(3'. Ka/J-(3aS1]vij~ uXOtvo/, Aa'. M 17Ua~ Tij~ llvw UXOtVOt A1]'. tParytavij~ M1]Sta~ uXOtVO£ V1]'. Xoap1]vij~ uXo£vo£ £0'. KOP.{'(Tr7Vij~ uXOtVO£ vr/. tTp/Cavtac; UXO£VOf., r. , AUTaV1]vij~ uXOtVO£ r. TIapOv1]vijc; uXOtVO£ Kl. ,A 7raVapKn/c17vryc; uX0'ivo£ K". Mapry£avij, uX0'ivo£ A'. , Ap€£ac; O"X0{,fJO£ A'. , Avavryc; O"X0'ivo£ vl. Zaparyry£avijc; O"X0'ivo£ /Ca'. ~a/Cao"Tavij~ O"X0'ivo£ ~ry'. 'ApaxwO"ta, O"XO£VOL AS-'. to/J-OV uXOtvo/, wvr/.