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The Songhua River Basin Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report Project Number: 33177 September 2005 People’s Republic of China: Songhua River Basin Water Quality and Pollution Control Management – Situational Analysis Prepared by SOGREAH Consultants / WL Delft Hydraulics For Songliao River Basin Water Resources Protection Bureau This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGLIAO RIVER BASIN WATER RESOURCES PROTECTION BUREAU SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY AND POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT TA N° 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS SEPTEMBER 2005 2 340107.R4.V2 & PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGLIAO RIVER BASIN WATER RESOURCES PROTECTION BUREAU SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT TA 4061 PRC FINAL REPORT: VOLUME 2: SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS IDENTIFICATION N° : 2340107.R4.V2 ATE EPTEMBER D : S 2005 This document has been produced by the Consortium SOGREAH Consultants/Delft Hydraulics as part of the ADB Project Preparation TA (Job Number: 2340107). This document has been prepared by the project team under the supervision of the Project Director following Quality Assurance Procedures of SOGREAH in compliance with ISO9001. APPROVED BY Index DATE AUTHOR CHECKED BY PURPOSE OF MODIFICATION (PROJECT MANAGER) BYN,TZJ,CSN, A First Issue 29/9/05 BXM,ZPY,WSZ, BYN,TZJ,BH GDM LHY,ZX,SG,BH Index CONTACT ADDRESS DISTRIBUTION LIST 1 SLRBWRPB (Mr LI Zhiquan, Ms Bai Yan) [email protected] ; [email protected]; [email protected] The Asian Development Bank (Robert 3 [email protected], [email protected] Wihtol, Sergei Popov) [email protected], 4 SOGREAH (Head Office) 5 DELFT (Head Office) [email protected] PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 2: SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS CONTENTS SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS 1. INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................1 1.1. THE SONGHUA RIVER BASIN...................................................................... 1 1.2. SCOPE OF THE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ................................................ 2 1.3. IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS......................................................... 3 1.4. PURPOSE & SCOPE OF THIS REPORT....................................................... 3 1.5. LAYOUT OF THE REPORT............................................................................ 3 2. ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATION OF SRB..........................................................5 2.1. GEOGRAPHIC FEATURES............................................................................ 5 2.1.1. LOCATION AND EXTENT...........................................................................................5 2.1.2. LANDFORMS...............................................................................................................5 2.2. SOILS EROSION AND SALINIZATION ......................................................... 6 2.3. CLIMATE ........................................................................................................ 6 2.3.1. TEMPERATURE ..........................................................................................................6 2.3.2. RAINFALL....................................................................................................................6 2.3.3. EVAPORATION ...........................................................................................................7 2.3.4. WIND ............................................................................................................................7 2.4. RIVER SYSTEM.............................................................................................. 9 2.4.1. SONGHUA SUB-SYSTEMS ........................................................................................9 2.4.2. MAJOR SONGHUA TRIBUTARIES ..........................................................................10 2.4.3. GENERAL HYDROLOGY OF THE SYSTEM............................................................11 2.5. WETLANDS & BIODIVERSITY .................................................................... 12 2.5.1. AN EXCEPTIONAL BIODIVERSITY..........................................................................12 2.5.2. CONSERVATION MEASURES .................................................................................12 2.6. CONCLUSIONS: MAIN ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES .................................. 13 2.6.1. POLLUTION OF SURFACE & GROUND WATER....................................................13 2.6.2. FLOODING AND SEASONAL DROUGHT................................................................13 2.6.3. SOIL EROSION & ALKALINISATION......................................................................14 2.6.4. THREATS TO WETLANDS .......................................................................................15 3. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SITUATION IN SRB ...............................................16 3.1. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................... 16 3.2. ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ........................................................................... 16 3.2.1. NORTHEAST OLD INDUSTRY BASE ......................................................................18 3.2.2. NORTHEAST FOOD PRODUCTION BASE..............................................................18 3.2.3. SOCIAL SITUATION..................................................................................................19 3.2.4. POVERTY PROFILE..................................................................................................21 3.2.5. GENDER PROFILE....................................................................................................23 3.2.6. MINORITY PROFILE..................................................................................................23 3.3. SOCIAL IMPACTS OF WATER POLLUTION.............................................. 24 3.3.1. IMPACTS ON PUBLIC HEALTH ...............................................................................24 3.3.2. IMPACTS ON EMPLOYMENT...................................................................................25 3.3.3. IMPACTS ON POVERTY...........................................................................................25 SOGREAH / DELFT –SEPTEMBER 2005 PAGE I PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 2: SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS 3.3.4. WATER POLLUTION AND NORTHEAST OLD INDUSTRY BASE..........................26 3.3.5. WATER POLLUTION AND NORTHEAST FOOD BASE ..........................................26 4. SRB WATER RESOURCES ........................................................................28 4.1. WATER RESOURCES PLANNING.............................................................. 28 4.2. SURFACE WATER RESOURCES ............................................................... 28 4.2.1. HYDROLOGICAL & RUNOFF OBSERVATION NETWORK....................................28 4.2.2. PRECIPITATION, EVAPORATION & RUNOFF........................................................29 4.2.3. ANNUAL AND INTER-ANNUAL VARIATION OF RUNOFF.....................................29 4.2.4. AVERAGE RIVER FLOWS........................................................................................30 4.3. GROUNDWATER RESOURCES.................................................................. 31 4.3.1. REGIONAL HYDRO-GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS..................................................31 4.3.2. SHALLOW GROUNDWATER RESOURCES............................................................32 4.4. TOTAL ANNUAL WATER RESOURCES IN SRB........................................ 32 4.5. PRESENT SITUATION OF WATER UTILIZATION IN SRB......................... 33 4.5.1. WATER SUPPLY CAPACITY IN SRB.......................................................................33 4.5.2. PRESENT STATUS OF WATER UTILIZATION........................................................34 4.5.3. PAST TRENDS IN WATER UTILIZATION ................................................................35 4.6. WATER RESOURCES UTILIZATION LEVEL AND EFFICIENCY ............... 36 4.6.1. LEVEL OF UTILIZATION...........................................................................................36 4.6.2. WATER UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY.........................................................................37 4.7. MAIN ISSUES ABOUT WATER RESOURCES............................................ 38 5. SRB WATER QUALITY SITUATION.............................................................39 5.1. WATER QUALITY MONITORING ................................................................ 39 5.1.1. MONITORING ORGANIZATION IN SRB .................................................................39 5.1.2. MONITORING ACTIVITIES........................................................................................40 5.1.3. MONITORING RIVER SECTIONS.............................................................................43 5.1.4. LABORATORY FACILITIES......................................................................................46 5.1.5. DATA PROCESSING, STORAGE & COMMUNICATION.........................................49 5.2. WATER QUALITY STANDARDS & PLANNING TOOLS............................. 51 5.2.1. WATER QUALITY
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