On This Incredible Biking Adventure You Will Be

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

On This Incredible Biking Adventure You Will Be Introduction: Rodopi Mountains with their highest again. There is a cave waterfall - one On this incredible biking adventure you will peak Golyam Perelik (2191m a.s.l.) are of the be immersed into the heart of the the oldest mountains on the Balkan highest underground waterfalls in gorgeous Rodopi Mountains, which Peninsula. Europe, 42 m high. provide excellent conditions for mountain Plovdiv (160 m a.s.l.) ranks as the Trigrad (1250 m a.s.l.) is a small biking. Plenty of off-road tracks are waiting second Bulgarian city in population and village in the central part of the to be discovered amidst the greenery of size. The old town of Plovdiv is one of Rodopi Mountains, neighbouring to the land of the mythical musician and the oldest European towns contemporary Trigrad Gorge, famous for its 250 m singer Orpheus who entranced people, to Troy and Mikena. high cliffs animals and plants with his magical music. Bachkovo Monastery is the second Yagodina Cave is among the longest On this tour you will be able to cycle on largest Bulgarian monastery. caves in Bulgaria (more than 10 000 different terrains, dirt, macadam, and Chepelare (1100 m a.s.l.) is a ski resort m mapped so far), considered to be isolated asphalt roads and paths. Also you that has Bulgaria's only ski and one of the most beautiful in Europe will be riding through forests, along deep snowboard equipment factory. with its outstanding stalactites, gorges, on ridges and hillsides. Remote The Wonderful Bridges (1450 m a.s.l.) stalagmites, columns, ponds and tiny villages with unique architecture and are 2 unique rock formation (about 40 m cave pearls in them. natural phenomena will add even more high) covering an area of 40,3 hectares. Itinerary flavour to the tour. As well as, meet Pamporovo (1650 m a.s.l.) is a modern Day 1. Arrival at Sofia or Plovdiv hospitable people, and experience local ski resort in the heart of the Rodopi Airport and transfer to Plovdiv for traditions and customs. Mountains. overnight (2 hours from Sofia). The Rodopi Mountains with the highest Shiroka Luka (1060 m a.s.l.) Numerous /dinner/ peak Goliam Perelik at 2191 m a.s.l, are houses preserving the typical Rodopean Day 2. The morning starts with a the southernmost mountains in Bulgaria. architecture, speech, songs and customs transfer deep into the mountains few The mountains border with Greece and of local people have given the village the kilometers after Studenets vacation are known to be the widest massif in status of an architectural, ethnographic area. The starting point is around 35 Bulgaria. Geologically they are the oldest and folklore reserve. km south of Plovdiv, located at 1390 land on the Balkans. This area is Gela village (1500 m a.s.l.) is one of the m a.s.l. The route begins on a dirt abundant with coniferous woods. The most ancient settlements in the Rodopi road, slightly downhill. It goes into the landscape is soft and oval. It also consists Mountains, being more than 3300 years shades of a lush mixed forest. An of rolling hills, high ridges and deep river old. Gela is believed to be the birth place uphill ride follows and then another valleys snaking alongside river basins. of the legendary musician Orpheus. descent, until you arrive at a remote This massif is home to 70% of the world’s Chairski lakes (1600 m a.s.l.) are and quiet village – Dobralak. From minerals, as well as 600 caves. A wide formed by land sliding. They are here you’ll encounter an isolated variety of plant and animal species can be declared protected area due to the asphalt road until the end of the found only here in Europe. The climate is presence of some rare plants, growing cycling stage for the day. For the next mild and pleasant throughout the year with within the peat there. 8-10 km, on the right, you’ll be able to more than 275 sunny days. The summer The Devil's Throat Cave has its name enjoy beautiful panoramic views over temperatures are never too from the fact that if you let something the green Rodopi Mountains. Next high, and the winter ones never to low. flow in the cave river it never comes out there is a climb into the village of Special highlights: Iavrovo, and after another 11 km, Penguin Travel DMC-Bulgaria 1 Address: 9 Orfej Str., 1421 Sofia, BULGARIA; Phone: +35924001050; E-mail: [email protected] only downhill cycling until we come to the picturesque Zornitsa village. Cycling by some magnificent sweeping last stop of the day at 375 m a.s.l. Cycling down to Zornitsa and its 3 remote panoramic views. The road then finishes at King Assen’s fortress built in neighbourhoods is a real pleasure. At descends to Kasaka hamlet and the the 11th-12th centuries. King Assen was about 1700 m a.s l. you will be enjoying village of Mougla. The next natural one of the most magnificent kings from the some fantastic panoramic vistas over the landmarks are the serene Chairski Second Bulgarian Kingdom. After visiting Southern Rodopi. Few kilometres after Lakes. They are home to some rare the fortress we go to the Bachkovo Zornitsa you arrive at the main road plant species. After 12 km of downhill Monastery by car. Afterwards we will Plovdiv-Smolyan (1100 m a.s.l.). There cycling along Livadnitsa River you’ll proceed to the overnight destination in the you will be collected by the driver who meet the driver and finish the day at village of Brestnik at the foots of Rodopi will take you to accommodation in the 1040 m a.s.l. The drive will take us Mountains. town of Smolyan (37 km transfer). through the marvellous Trigrad Gorge Cycling specifics: Distance: 41,2 km Smolyan is the largest town in the with its 250 m high cliffs. A few (25,6 miles); uphill cycling: 500 m (1,640 Central Rodopi Mountains, and is kilometres further on we will stop to ft); downhill cycling: 1000 m (3,280 ft); situated in one of its most scenic areas. visit The Devil’s Throat Cave with its cycling time: 4 hrs Cycling specifics: Distance: 29 km (18 underground waterfall. This amazing /breakfast, dinner/ miles); uphill cycling: 350 m (1,148 ft); spectacle is actually one of the Day 3. You begin again on the support downhill cycling: 800 m (2,624 ft); cycling highest underground waterfalls in vehicle travelling 29 km south of Plovdiv. time: 5 hrs Europe. Finally, we travel for another The starting point is where the asphalt /breakfast, dinner/ 2 km to our accommodation in the road ends few kilometres before Lilkovo Day 5. Having visited the beautiful village of Trigrad. village (at 900 m a.s.l.). After some gentle Smolyan Lakes we continue about 15 km Cycling specifics: Distance: 37 km uphill biking you arrive at the beginning of uphill to the starting point of the day - few (23 miles); uphill cycling: 600 m the hamlet of Plochnik. At this point the kilometres away from the highest peak of (1,968 ft); downhill cycling: 850 m terrain changes to dirt road and leads the mountains – Goliam Perelik peak (2,788 ft); cycling time: 6 hrs directly to Lilkovo. Next you ascend until (2191 m a.s.l.) – a place where the /breakfast, dinner/ you arrive at an open space - the asphalt road ends at 1970 m a.s.l. In the Day 7. Before lunch you will ride a Hadzhiitsa countryside. Further up you beginning you cycle back downhill on the circuit route. First you start from the ascend to the Popova Rock countryside asphalt until you reach the main road hotel in Trigrad (1280 m a.s.l) to where you can stop for lunch. At the top of Smolyan – Stoykite. On the way you’ll be reach the village of Vodni Pad at a rise is Persenk hut (1750 m a.s.l) where surrounded by awesome panoramas. 1350 m a.s.l. and finally to come back you can have a coffee break. Then you Then the dirt track weaves through a to the hotel in Trigrad. The village of begin a downhill ride towards Orehovo dense forest. After a short while you Vodni Pad is situated near the Greek village. Once you reach the village of arrive at the Studenets hut and the border; you may see the border fence Orehovo you bike downstream alongside famous Pamporovo ski resort. Then the 200 m away from the village centre. the Oreshitsa River. The route follows the terrain changes as we join an isolated The track to the village climbs for the river until we finish at the village of Hvoina asphalt road. To reach the highest point first stage up to 1600 m a.s.l, and (at 700 m a.s.l.). From here you’ll be for the day you bike uphill for about 6 km then descends amidst meadows and collected by the driver and taken to the until you arrive at the Mechi Peak area at green forests. From Vodni Pad to town of Chepelare (21 km transfer). 1850 m a.s.l. From this point on you will Trigrad the track descends slightly Chepelare is Bulgaria’s highest town and be able to experience breath-taking following the route of the Trigrad is situated at a height of 1150 m.a.s.l. mountain landscapes. It is also from here River.
Recommended publications
  • Xerotyphlops Vermicularis (MERREM, 1820), in the West Bulgarian Rhodope Mountains: Rediscovery After More Than 100 Years
    200 SHORT NOTE HERPETOZOA 27 (3/4) Wien, 30. Jänner 2015 SHORT NOTE Xerotyphlops vermicularis (MERREM, 1820), in the west Bulgarian Rhodope Mountains: rediscovery after more than 100 years The Eurasian Blind Snake, Xerotyph - lops vermicularis (MERREM, 1820), the only representative of the snake family Typhlo - pidae (Scolecophidia) in Europe (gRil- liTSCH & gRilliTSCH 1993), is found in the southern parts of the Balkan Peninsula, specifically in former yugoslavia (Croatia, FyR Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia), Albania, Bul garia, greece and Turkey (gRilliTSCH & gRilliTSCH 1993; gASC et al. 1997; gRilliTSCH et al. 1999) where it represents a chorotype element of the Turano-Mediterranean fauna (JABlONSki et al. 2012). However, the recent molecular data show that this traditionally accepted species is probably a species complex, since some populations from the Middle East show deep genetic divergences indicating their separate evolution since the end of Middle and late Miocene (kORNiliOS et al. 2012). This species prefers xerothermic habitats with deep, dry and soft (sandy) soil where it can burrow, typically rocky slopes with low, sparse bush vegetation, open areas with stones as well as cultivated fields (gRil liTSCH & gRilliTSCH 1993). The known edge of its distribution in the east of the Balkans is formed by several localities on Bulgarian territory (see BESH- kOv & NANEv 2006; STOJANOv et al. 2011), from where it was originally published only at the beginning of the 20th century (kOvA- CHEv 1912; CHiCHkOFF 1914). in Bul garia, this species has a scattered distribution at altitudes below 500 m above sea level. it is found only in the southern parts of the coun- try where it persisted from an earlier more extended distribution.
    [Show full text]
  • GUIDELINE Integrated River Basin Analysis Model
    GUIDELINE Integrated River Basin Analysis Model JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND WATER THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA Study on Integrated Water Management in the Republic of Bulgaria Integrated River Basin Analysis Model January 2008 i Table of Contents page 1. Purpose of the Model Developed in the Study 1 2. MIKE11 Model and Simple Model 3 3. Modeling Environment 5 4. Modeling Cycle 7 5. Modeling Layer 10 6. Definition of Terms Related to Flow Conditions 15 7. Input Data for the Model 16 8. MIKE11 Water Quantity Model 26 9. MIKE11 Water Quality Model 34 10. Simple Model 38 List of Annexes Annex 1 List of Catchments Annex 2 Step-by-step Guideline for MIKE11-RR (NAM) Model Annex 3 Step-by-step Guideline for MIKE11-HD Model Annex 4 Model Setup for MIKE11 Model for EABD and WABD Rivers Annex 5 Practical Guideline for Use of MIKE11 Water Quantity Model Annex 6 Practical Guideline for Use of MIKE11 Water Quality Model Annex 7 Manual for Simple Model_ver_Permit Annex 8 Manual for Simple Model_ver_Demand Annex 9 Supplementary Material ii 1. Purpose of the Model Developed in the Study The model developed in the study can be utilized for the following purposes. • Assessment for existing condition • Planning such as long term strategy for water management, program measures The following figure shows the data for preparation of river basin management plan and its implementation. There are several kinds of data to be handled as follows. • Level 1: Core Data • Level 2: Waterbodies Data • Level 3: Monitoring Data • Level 4: Basic Analysis Data • Level 5: Spatial Distribution Analysis Data • Level 6: Water Management Plan Data 1.
    [Show full text]
  • SPA Pakages in Spa Hotel Orpheus
    25 Vitosha blvd.,1000 Sofia, Bulgaria, Tel.: + 359 2 989 04 33, 989 04 13, 980 62 27, Fax: +359 2 989 97 77, E-mail: [email protected] www.incomingbulgaria.com SPA pakage in Bulgaria – Spa hotel Orpheus ***** Spa hotel Orpheus ***** (www.orpheus-spa.com) is located in the town of (distance from Sofia to Devin – 200 km). Spa hotel Orpheus is a very good hotel and has all the facilities of a 4 star. The hotel has 2 restaurants, a piano bar, an eco bar, 2 conference halls, a big SPA-center, which is one of the most exclusive in Bulgaria, 3 outdoor swimming pools (one is designed for children), two indoor swimming pools, one of them with Olympic, etc. PACKAGE PRICE PER PAX (VALID FOR A GROUP OF 6 – 12 PAX) ACCORDING TO THE ACCOMMODATION IN Spa hotel Orpheus ***** ROOM PRICE Per pax in dbl room 512 EUR Per pax in dbl deluxe room 567 EUR Per pax in junior suite 584 EUR Per pax in sgl room 635 EUR CHD up to 12 years old + 2 adults OR CHD up to 12 years old + 1 adult OR PACKAGE PRICE PER PAX (VALID FOR A GROUP OF 13 – 24 PAX) ACCORDING TO THE ACCOMMODATION IN Spa hotel Orpheus ***** ROOM PRICE Per pax in dbl room 478 EUR Per pax in dbl deluxe room 533 EUR Per pax in junior suite 550 EUR Per pax in sgl room 601 EUR CHD up to 12 years old + 2 adults OR CHD up to 12 years old + 1 adult OR PACKAGE PRICE PER PAX (VALID FOR A GROUP OF 25 – 32 PAX) ACCORDING TO THE ACCOMMODATION IN Spa hotel Orpheus ***** ROOM PRICE Per pax in dbl room 462 EUR Per pax in dbl deluxe room 517 EUR Per pax in junior suite 534 EUR Per pax in sgl room 585 EUR CHD
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Organic Pollutants Accumulation in Fish from Maritsa River Basin (Bulgaria)
    ECOLOGIA BALKANICA 2017, Vol. 9, Issue 1 June 2017 pp. 19-27 Assessment of Organic Pollutants Accumulation in Fish from Maritsa River Basin (Bulgaria) Vesela M. Genina1,2*, Marin I. Marinov3 1 -University of Plovdiv, Faculty of Biology, 24 Tsar Asen Str., Plovdiv 4000, BULGARIA 2 - Executive Environmental Agency - Plovdiv, 1 Perushtitsa Str., Plovdiv 4000, BULGARIA 3 - East Aegean River Basin Directorate Plovdiv, 35 Yanko Sakazov Str., Plovdiv 4000, BULGARIA * Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract. Two selected fish species were sampled from 5 sites within the Maritsa River Basin in the period 2013-2014 with the aim to assess the effects of pesticide industry and intensive agriculture. Sampling sites were located in the middle of the Maritsa River Basin (near Plovdiv City, Bulgaria) and the watersheds of the Chepelarska and Stryama Rivers. Methods for analysis of certain priority substances and specific pollutants were applied in order to establish trends in the accumulation in fish, as required by the Directive 2008/60/EC and Directive 2008/105/EC. The reported data for organic pollutants are the first for the studied river basin. The selection of indicators (priority substances and specific pollutants) provides particular guidelines for planning future monitoring for assessment of river chemical and ecological status. Key words: fish, Maritsa River, PCBs, OCPs, PAHs. Introduction similar chemical structure. РСВs had been Maritsa River is the largest on the derived for their very high flash points and Balkan Peninsula; it is the biggest river in were widely deployed as fire-extinguishing terms of discharge volume and the third agents, electrical insulators and plasticizers, longest river in Bulgaria.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydrological Modeling of the High Flow in Maritza River Basin in August 2005 Analysis of the Influence of the Topolnitza Reservoir
    HYDROLOGICAL MODELING OF THE HIGH FLOW IN MARITZA RIVER BASIN IN AUGUST 2005 ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE TOPOLNITZA RESERVOIR Eram Artinian National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology of Bulgaria – regional centre Plovdiv [email protected] Abstract High waters that streamed down the beds of nearly all rivers of Maritza river basin and especially down the bed of Topolnitza river from the fourth till the seventh day of August 2005 were an event of major influence upon all aspects of life in this region of Bulgaria. They were caused by the extreme amount of rainfall in the areas of Ihtiman, Kostenets, Dolna Banya etc., in the North-West part of the river basin on the fourth and the fifth day of August and in the Rhodopy and the Gornotrakiyska valley regions on the following days. The high water stream itself caused overflow of the rivers Mativir, Topolnitza and Maritza in a number of areas downstream of their river beds and caused substantial material damages and even took away a human life. In the Rhodopi region, the waters of Chepinska, Cherna, Shirokolashka and Chepelarska rivers also caused substantial disruption of their river banks. Supporting walls and other items of infrastructure were pulled down at many places. Large areas of road covering sank down. Considerable material damages were caused in the towns of Smolyan, Velingrad and Chepelare. To find the numerical expression of the approximate flow in the river network near the city of Plovdiv for the purposes of this research, the physical processes in the ground layer of the atmosphere, in the ground – under ground combination and in the river network for the period from the first till the tenth of August were simulated.
    [Show full text]
  • Salmо Trutta Fario, Linnaeus, 1758) from the TAMRASHKA RIVER, BULGARIA
    Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science. Vol. LXIII, No. 1, 2020 ISSN 2285-5750; ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5769; ISSN Online 2393-2260; ISSN-L 2285-5750 HELMINTHS AND HELMINTH COMMUNITIES OF THE BROWN TROUT (Salmо trutta fario, Linnaeus, 1758) FROM THE TAMRASHKA RIVER, BULGARIA Diana KIRIN, Mariya CHUNCHUKOVA, Dimitrinka KUZMANOVA, Viliana PASKALEVA Agricultural University of Plovdiv, Department of Agroecology and Environmental Protection, 12 Mendeleev Blvd., Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria Corresponding author email: [email protected] Abstract Ecoparasitological examinations of brown trout from the Tamrashka River, Aegean Water Basin, Bulgaria were carried out. Five species of helminths, one Trematoda species (Nicolla skryabini (Iwanitzky, 1928) Ślusarski, 1972) and four Nematoda species (Rhabdochona hellichi (Šramek, 1901) Chitwood, 1933; Raphidascaris acus (Bloch, 1779); Salmonema ephemeridarum (Linstow, 1872) Moravec, Santos et Brasil-Sato, 2008; Schulmanela petruschewskii (Shulman, 1948) Ivashkin, 1964) are determined. S. еphemeridarum was distinguished with the highest prevalence (50%). It is a core species for the helminth communities of the brown trout from the studied river ecosystem. Sch. petruschewskii is a new parasite species of brown trout and S. t. fario is a new host record for Sch. petruschewskii in Bulgaria. The Tamrashka River is a new habitat for N. skryabini, Rh. hellichi, R. аcus, S. еphemeridarum and Sch. petruschewskii as parasites of the brown trout in Bulgaria. Key words: Aegean Water Basin, helminths, helminth
    [Show full text]
  • RIVER ECOLOGY Authors: Stoyan Mihov, Ivan Hristov Translation: Katya Ancheva Design Concept © Twist Advertising Printed at Geosoft EOOD
    BOOKLET EN 2011 Conservation Biodiversity Sustainability RIVER ECOLOGY Authors: Stoyan Mihov, Ivan Hristov Translation: Katya Ancheva Design Concept © Twist Advertising Printed at Geosoft EOOD Cover photo: © Daniel Petrescu © Text 2011 WWF Danube Carpathian Programme All rights reserved. WWF-DCPO Ottakringer Straße 114-116 1160 Vienna, Austria Phone: +43 1 524 54 70 Fax: +43 1 524 54 70-70 [email protected], www.panda.org/dcpo WWF-Bulgaria WWF-România 38 Ivan Vazov Str., floor 2, apt. 3-4, Str. Ioan Caragea Vodă nr. 26A, 010537, 1000 Sofia sector 1, Bucureşti Phone: +359/2 950 50 40, +359/2 950 50 41 Tel: +40 21 317 49 96 Phone /fax: +359/2 981 66 40 Fax: +40 21 317 49 97 [email protected], www.wwf.bg [email protected], www.wwf.ro CONTENT INTRODUCTION . 05 THE RIVER AT LENGTH . 05 Sinuosity . 06 Riffles and pools . 06 THE RIVER AT WIDTH . 07 Horizontal structure of the river corridor . 07 Riverbed (bottom) . 07 Floodplain . 08 RIVERS IN DEPTH . 11 Vertical structure of the river corridor . 11 THE RIVER IN TIME . 12 Processes occurring in river corridors . 12 River runoff and flooding . 12 Sediment transport . 13 Riverbed processes . 14 RIPARIAN VEGETATION . 16 RIVER BIOCORRIDORS . 18 WATER QUALITY . 19 Suspended solids . 19 Dissolved oxygen . 19 Water temperature . 20 pH . 20 Nutrients . 20 Toxic (poisonous) substances . 21 ANTHROPOGENIC CHANGES IN RIVER CORRIDORS AND THEIR IMPACTS . 21 River straightening . 21 Gravel extraction . 23 Interruption of the river continuum by dams, hydropower stations, artificial lakes, trout thresholds . 25 Stream management – water intake . 26 Cutting down riparian vegetation, “clearing” river beds .
    [Show full text]
  • AZB Suppl 12 Bl 05 Pehlivanov Et Al.Indd
    ACTA ZOOLOGICA BULGARICA Research Article Acta zool. bulg., Suppl. 12, 2018: 93-100 Effects of Small Hydropower Plants on Fish Communities in Bulgarian Rivers: Case Studies Luchezar Z. Pehlivanov*, Apostolos I. Apostolou & Boris K. Velkov Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Street, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria Abstract: Surveys of the state of fish fauna upstream and downstream eight small hydropower plants (SHPPs) situ- ated on middle and upper courses of rivers of East and West Aegean Sea basins in Bulgaria were carried out. Sampling of fish with electricity was performed complying with the Standard EN 14011. Assessment of the ecological state of the surveyed rivers was done using the Bulgarian Fish Based Index and the Trout River Index. In the middle courses of the rivers Arda and Vacha (meta-/hyporithron covering the Maritsa barbel zone), no specific negative impacts of the surveyed SHPPs on the fish fauna were found. In the epi-/metarithron zones of some tributaries of the Struma river (Trout and Maritsa barbel habitats), more pronounced barrier effect were found downstream than upstream. In other cases, local factors and human activities probably have more pronounced effect on the state of the fish community upstream and down- stream the SHPPs than the expected barrier effect. Key words: fish fauna, Small Hydropower Plant, impact, barrier effect, local pressures Introduction The impact of small hydropower plants (SHPPs) (in diverted SHPPs). Significant deterioration of the on the river ecosystems are widely discussed be- main physical and chemical parameters of the wa- cause they are widespread and increasing in num- ter (such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and bers (Lucas & Marmulla 2000, Lucas & Baras conductivity) seems to be not a typical effect of the 2001, Steinmetz & Sundqvist 2014).
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Assessment Final Feasibility Study Plovdiv 03/2011 04/2010
    Volume V – Environmental assessment Final Feasibility Study Plovdiv 03/2011 04/2010 Technical Assistance for Preparation of Integrated Water Measures in Plovdiv and Dobrich EuropeAid/124488/D/SV/BG Volume V Environmental Assessment Final Feasibility Study Plovdiv - FINAL VERSION PUBLISHED UPON APPROVAL BY PROJECT STEERING COMMITTEE ON 08.04.2011 in association with Kocks Consult GmbH Pecher Dahlem Plejades Pecher + Vassilev Final Feasibility Study Plovdiv Volume V– Environmental Assessment Table of Contents: 1. Objectives of the investment project 3 2. Need for investment project 5 3. Reconstruction, upgrade and extension of the existing UWWTP Plovdiv 15 3.1. Dimensioning parameters of the reconstruction, upgrade and extension of the existing UWWTP Plovdiv. 15 4. Current environmental conditions in the region. Impact of the investment project facilities on the environmental components and the factors, influencing it. 35 4.1. Ambient air 38 4.2. Geological structure. Ground waters. 54 4.2.1. Geological structure, engineering-geological and hydrogeological conditions 54 4.3. Surface waters 60 4.4. Earth and soils 63 4.5. Biodiversity. Protected areas and protected zones. 67 4.6. Landscape 71 4.7. Cultural heritage 71 4.8. Waste 71 4.9. Harmful physical factors 71 4.10. Hazardous substances 72 4.11. Health and hygiene aspects of the environment 72 5. Features of the potential impact on the environment 73 5.1. Impact on people and their health 74 5.2. Impact on air quality 75 5.3. Impact on water 75 5.4. Forecast for potential impact on geological environment, existing buildings, other structures and environmental components 75 5.5.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 6 DRAINAGE BASIN of the MEDITERRANEAN SEA
    253 CHAPTER 6 DRAINAGE BASIN OF THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA This chapter deals with the assessment of transboundary rivers, lakes and groundwaters, as well as selected Ramsar Sites and other wetlands of transboundary importance, which are located in the basin of the Mediterranean Sea. Assessed transboundary waters in the drainage basin of the Mediterranean Sea Transboundary groundwaters Ramsar Sites/wetlands of Basin/sub-basin(s) Recipient Riparian countries Lakes in the basin within the basin transboundary importance Ebro Mediterranean Sea AD, ES, FR Rhone Mediterranean Sea CH, FR, IT Lake Geneva, Genevese aquifer (FR, CH), Jurassic Lake Geneva/Lac Léman wetland area Lake Emosson limestones and marnes of the Jura Mountains, Jurassic Limestones of the Jura Mountains - Doubs basin, Jurassic limestones of the Jougnena and Orbe basins, Glacio-fluvial formations of Gex region, Sedimentary terrain of Geneva (molasses and form), Jurassic Limestones below Gex region (FR, CH) Po Mediterranean Sea AT, CH, FR, IT Lake Lugano, Folded terrain of the Cenise Lake Maggiore et Po Basins(FR, IT) Isonzo/Soča Mediterranean Sea IT, SI Rabeljski rudnik aquifer, Kobariški stol aquifer, Osp-Boljunec, Brestovica, Vrtojbensko polje (Aquifer system of Gorica-Vipava valley, Alluvial gravel aquifer of Vipava and Soča rivers) (IT, SI) Krka Mediterranean Sea BA, HR Krka (BA, HR) Neretva Mediterranean Sea BA, HR, ME Bileća Reservoir/ Neretva Right coast, Trebišnjica/ Bilećko Lake Neretva Left coast (BA, HR), Bileko Lake (BA, ME) Drin Mediterranean Sea AL, GR, Kosovoa, Lake
    [Show full text]
  • Terrain Ruggedness Analysis of the Western Rhodope Mountains (South Bulgaria)
    SocioBrains ISSN 2367-5721, JOURNAL HOMEPAGE: WWW.SOCIOBRAINS.COM INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC REFEREED ONLINE JOURNAL WITH IMPACT FACTOR ISSUE 59, JULY 2019 TERRAIN RUGGEDNESS ANALYSIS OF THE WESTERN RHODOPE MOUNTAINS (SOUTH BULGARIA) Abstract: In recent decades, the increasingly widespread use of GIS technology in terrain modeling has given new and wider opportunities.Terrain ruggedness is one of most important morphographic features of the local topography and is widely used in modern GIS based geomorphology. Terrain ruggedness is a parameter that quantifies surface roughness through consideration of absolute elevations in the surrounding of a given raster cell. It plays an important role in determining how local positive and negative landforms interact with its environment. The scarcity of such type of research for the territory of the Western Rhodope Mountains determines the actuality of this study. The main goal of present research is to investigate and evaluate the relief ruggedness variability within the Western Rhodope Mountains based on the contemporary GIS technology. The research is based on a 30х30m spatial resolution global digital elevation model (DEM) extracted from ASTER missions. Elevation data are analyzed and visualized using free GIS software. The results obtained show low heterogeneity of the relief and largely confirm the traditional views of the morphographic pattern of the study region. Author information: Rosen Iliev Keywords: PhD Western Rhodopes, Terrain ruggedness, Institute for Space Research and Technology mountains, GIS, morphographic, Bulgaria Bulgarian Academy of Sciences [email protected] Bulgaria 1. INTRODUCTION he use of the contemporary geographic information technologies (digital image processing, GIS, global positioning systems (GPS)) in geomorphological research increased in the last decades.
    [Show full text]
  • A Summarized Analysis of the Current State of Areas Affected by the Snowfalls in the Republic of Bulgaria and a Forecast for the Development of the Situation
    A summarized analysis of the current state of areas affected by the snowfalls in the Republic of Bulgaria and a forecast for the development of the situation Over the past few days the hydrometeorological situation in the country became complicated due to the heavy snowfalls and the rising river levels mainly in southern Bulgaria. The heavy snows and snowdrifts disconnected part of the transport infrastructure in the country and some settlements were cut off from the world, which required the use of Red Cross teams in order to supply the destitute population with food and water. The heavy wet snow caused power outages due to fallen trees, which cut off the power lines. Over 400 settlements in the districts of Kardzhali and Haskovo were left without electricity, there have been landslides on the roads which were closed to traffic, impeding motor vehicle movement. Due to the complicated situation in some areas there have been serious accidents. The blizzard interrupted the railway traffic in a number of railway sections due to damaged overhead lines. The fallen trees and rocks have also led to traffic disruption in some areas. Passenger transport is provided by buses. Following the snowfall, an intensive thawing has started as well as increasing of river levels. Ropotamo River has overflowed again flooding large areas in the Burgas municipality. About 200 cubic meters per second have been drained from the Studen Kladenets reservoir since 17:00 on 7/3/2015. The Ivaylovgrad reservoir is overflowing as it cannot contain the water influx from the Studen Kladenets reservoir. Discharging of large quantities of water can pose a risk of flooding vast areas in Northern Greece, bordering the region of Krumovgrad and Ivaylovgrad.
    [Show full text]