DOCSLIB.ORG

Hydrological Modeling of the High Flow in Maritza River Basin in August 2005 Analysis of the Influence of the Topolnitza Reservoir

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Hydrological Modeling of the High Flow in Maritza River Basin in August 2005 Analysis of the Influence of the Topolnitza Reservoir HYDROLOGICAL MODELING OF THE HIGH FLOW IN MARITZA RIVER BASIN IN AUGUST 2005 ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE TOPOLNITZA RESERVOIR Eram Artinian National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology of Bulgaria – regional centre Plovdiv [email protected] Abstract High waters that streamed down the beds of nearly all rivers of Maritza river basin and especially down the bed of Topolnitza river from the fourth till the seventh day of August 2005 were an event of major influence upon all aspects of life in this region of Bulgaria. They were caused by the extreme amount of rainfall in the areas of Ihtiman, Kostenets, Dolna Banya etc., in the North-West part of the river basin on the fourth and the fifth day of August and in the Rhodopy and the Gornotrakiyska valley regions on the following days. The high water stream itself caused overflow of the rivers Mativir, Topolnitza and Maritza in a number of areas downstream of their river beds and caused substantial material damages and even took away a human life. In the Rhodopi region, the waters of Chepinska, Cherna, Shirokolashka and Chepelarska rivers also caused substantial disruption of their river banks. Supporting walls and other items of infrastructure were pulled down at many places. Large areas of road covering sank down. Considerable material damages were caused in the towns of Smolyan, Velingrad and Chepelare. To find the numerical expression of the approximate flow in the river network near the city of Plovdiv for the purposes of this research, the physical processes in the ground layer of the atmosphere, in the ground – under ground combination and in the river network for the period from the first till the tenth of August were simulated. Streamflow is calculated for profiles with monitored river flow and in separate, additional profiles like outlets of rivers to Maritza (Ochushnitza, Yadenitza, Luda Yana, Vacha). The purpose of this analysis is to explain the genesis of the high wave rather than to give a precise numerical expression of its existence. Therefore, the numerical results achieved during the modeling shall be considered as tentative. Due to the decisive influence of the artificial lake of Topolnitza over the hydrological processes in the river beds of the rivers Topolnitza and Maritza, an evaluation was made in this research of the influence of the Topolnitza reservoir over the maximum water quantities that flew down through the cities of Pazardzhik and Plovdiv. The natural water feed at the wall of the artificial lake of Topolnitza was simulated. The daily average flow of the Maritza river at the city of Pazardzhik and at the city of Plovdiv was simulated on the following three conditional hypothesis: A) natural flow down the whole basin with the exclusion of the Vacha cascade; B) Evaluation of the regulative influence of the artificial lake of Topolnitza by data given by “Irrigation systems” PLC; C) option with closed valves of the artificial lake. Numerical models adapted for the basin of Maritza were used for the simulation. These models have been developed by CNRM Météo-France and “Ecole de Mines de Paris” (France). The first organization is a research center at the National Institute of Meteorology of France and there the ISBA (Interface Soil Biosphere Atmosphere) scheme has been developed. The second one is the Higher Institute of Mining – Paris, where the hydrological and hydro geological method Modcou has been developed. The scheme and the model are consecutively connected and are usually used jointly for hydrological modeling and prognosis on national scale in France, Canada and other countries. Representation of the ISBA scheme: The ISBA scheme simulates the single dimensional model of the interface between atmosphere and soil. It includes the influence of the periodical vegetation at the calculation of the actual evaporation, which in general, consists of evaporation from the soil surface, from the foliar mass and transpiration of vegetation. The soil characteristics are given as parameters through the mechanical composition of the types of soil. The scheme calculates the water contents and height (thickness) of the snow pack and respectively the snow piling and the snow melting during the autumn – spring period. The problem solved by the scheme ISBA (figure 1) is to determine the water quantity for surface flow (Qr) and the infiltration (D) by given values of: quantity of rainfall, temperature of air, moisture of air, and other meteorological parameters, variable in space and time. Figure 1: scheme of joint application ISBA – Drainage reservoirs – Modcou During the modeling of the processes at the surface of the Maritza river basin, the single dimensional scheme ISBA (Noilhan and Mahfouf, 1995) is applied on 638 cells with dimensions of 8x8 kilometers. The scheme uses input data with different intervals in time and calculations are performed at intervals of 5 minutes. Representation of the hydrological model Modcou Modcou is a hydrodynamic hydrological and hydro geological model with distributed parameters (Ledoux, 1980). The problem solved by the model is to transport the calculated water volumes through the mathematically represented river network and in the end to calculate the average daily flow amount at certain points of the river network without prejudice to whether monitoring was carried out there or not. The hydrological network is represented by a tree-like network of cells (figure 2). Each one of them receives the surface and the soil water flow and transfers it to the next cell down the river. The flow velocity is determined by isochronal zones (Ledoux, et al. 1989) – with equal times of runoff to the river mouth. On the grounds of a numerical model of the terrain for each call, the time for runoff to the outlet of the cachement area is calculated as part of the maximum runoff time. Figure 2: The network of cells of the hydrological model and hydrographic network of the Maritza river basin to the city of Edirne. The part of the basin near the city of Plovdiv is given in blue. Simulation is made at the points with red color where streamflow measurements are also available. The maximum runoff time is calibrated in an experimental way. The network of surface cells for the Maritza river basin comprises of total 11661 cells with dimensions from 1x1 kilometer to 4x4 kilometers and 2387 of those are river cells. The time interval of the model by which the outflow is calculated is one day an in this research, the average twenty four hour outflow (m3/sec) is calculated for 77 of the river cells. Hydrological modeling of the river flow for the Maritza river basin down to the city of Plovdiv. Preparation of the input data In this particular case the values of temperature, air humidity, wind velocity and radiation, necessary for the input of the system are received as output data from a short-term meteorological model ALADIN, used by the National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology (NIMH) for meteorological prognosis. In previous research works it was pointed out that the output fields from ALADIN for temperature and humidity of the near the ground air at time intervals of three hours, as well as those for the sun and air radiation and wind velocity may be used for hydrological modeling (Noilhan, 2002; Artinyan, et al. 2003). The necessary space fields of rainfall are received by space interpolation of the combined rainfall measuring measurements, carried out for the period from the first to the seventh of August by the monitoring networks of NIMH and “Irrigation systems” PLC. These round the clock sums of rainfall quantities (from 07:30 a.m. till 07:30 a.m. of the next day) were critically analyzed. For the purpose of not omitting of measurements and to achieve a satisfactory density of the actually measured values of rainfall quantities, in some cases the data were logically corrected. For the achievement of a space field, rainfall measurements were interpolated by the technology of “point” krigging. This technology gives advantage to experimental values, whilst the “block” krigging gives advantage to the general characteristics of the field and smooths the iso-lines. It must be pointed out that it is technologically impossible and not necessary for the interpolated field to reflect with absolute precision each one of the measured values. Practical experience shows that the field of rainfall has an ultimately uneven distribution in space. Different measurement points in one and the same area show substantially different valued of the measured rainfall quantities for one and the same time. In such cases, prior to the interpolation of the respective points, they are assigned their average values. Such are the cases with Ihtiman and Etropole, where the data given by NIHM and “Irrigation systems” PLC are substantially different for some of the days between the fourth and the seventh of August. Calibration of the system with drainage reservoirs and maximum runoff time At the calibration of the system with drainage reservoirs (SDR) for long periods of time – two and more years, parameters are determined which reflect the average status of soil humidity, rainfall with average intensity and low to average high waters. In this particular case, the intense (extreme) rainfall in the Topolnitza basin and the upper stream of Maritza (above the town of Belovo), the SDR parameters for the above named areas had to be calibrated once again. The daily average streamflow quantities calculated by NIMH, which strictly reflect the direct measurements of the flow, were used as base. It was determined that the maximum runoff time to the city of Edirne, which is an important parameter for the high wave that went downstream is a little over five days, but not as the prior to that determined six days for low and average waters.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A New Approach for Purification of Recombinant
    Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment ISSN: 1310-2818 (Print) 1314-3530 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tbeq20 Phytoplankton Based Assessment of the Ecological Status and Ecological Potential of Lake Types in Bulgaria S. Cheshmedjiev, D. Belkinova, R. Mladenov, I. Dimitrova-Dyulgerova & G. Gecheva To cite this article: S. Cheshmedjiev, D. Belkinova, R. Mladenov, I. Dimitrova-Dyulgerova & G. Gecheva (2010) Phytoplankton Based Assessment of the Ecological Status and Ecological Potential of Lake Types in Bulgaria, Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 24:sup1, 14-25, DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2010.10817803 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2010.10817803 © 2010 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC Published online: 15 Apr 2014. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 107 Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tbeq20 PHYTOPLANKTON BASED ASSESSMENT OF THE ECOLOGICAL STATUS AND ECOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF LAKE TYPES IN BULGARIA S. Cheshmedjiev1, D. Belkinova2, R. Mladenov2, I. Dimitrova-Dyulgerova2, G. Gecheva2 1SI Eco Consult Ltd., Sofia, Bulgaria 2University of Plovdiv “Paisij Hilendarski”, Faculty of Biology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria Correspondence to: Ivanka Dimitrova-Dyulgerova E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Research has been carried out of the main characteristics of phytoplankton communities in order to assess the ecological status and ecological potential of the types of lakes in Bulgaria, according to the requirements of WFD 2000/60/EC. Eighty lakes/reservoirs have been researched on the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria. The assessment was made on the basis of four main metrics (phytoplankton biovolume; Algae Groups Index; transparency, chlorophyll a) and three additional metrics (% Cyanobacteria; intensity of algal “bloom” and presence of toxic species).
    [Show full text]
  • Species Composition and Toxic Potential of Cyanobacteria in Some Western Rhodopes Dams
    ECOLOGIA BALKANICA 2018, Vol. 10, Issue 2 December 2018 pp. 111-121 Species Composition and Toxic Potential of Cyanobacteria in Some Western Rhodopes Dams Ivanka I. Teneva1*, Diyana Y. Basheva1, Tsvetelina R. Mladenova1, Plamen S. Stoyanov1, Detelina S. Belkinova2, Rumen D. Mladenov1 1 – University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, Faculty of Biology, Department of Botany and Teaching Methods in Biology, Plovdiv, BULGARIA 2 – Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, BULGARIA *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract. Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes with cosmopolitan distribution. They are major producers of primary biomass and free oxygen in most of the freshwater and marine biomes on the planet. Under certain conditions of the environment, these organisms can evolve massively and cause the so-called "water blooms". Very often these blooms are toxic due to the ability of some cyanobacteria to produce dangerous toxins (cyanotoxins) with hepatotoxic, neurotoxic or dermatotoxic effects. This determines the cyanobacteria as an ecological risk for the aquatic ecosystems as well as a threat for the health of animals and humans. Climate changes also lead to an increase in the percentage of cyanobacterial blooms. Therefore, the investigation of the species composition of this group in the Bulgarian reservoirs, the tracking of the blooms frequencies as well as the assessment of their toxic potential is of great importance. Unfortunately, such data at this stage are scarce. This study presents data on the species composition and toxic potential of Cyanobacteria during the summer months of 2017 in five reservoirs (Batak, Dospat, Shiroka polyana, Golyam Beglik and Krichim dams) in the Western Rhodope Mountain.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigation on the Regime of Pchelinski Bani Mineral
    Pentchev P. et al. HYDROGEOLOGY OF THE DOLNA BANYA THERMAL WATER BASIN 50 years University of Mining and Geology “St. Ivan Rilski” Annual, vol. 46, part І, Geology and Geophysics, Sofia, 2003, рр.281-286 HYDROGEOLOGY OF THE DOLNA BANYA THERMAL WATER BASIN Pavel Pentchev Vassil Zahariev Boryana Deneva University of Mining and Geology University of Mining and Geology University of Mining and Geology "St. Ivan Rilski" "St. Ivan Rilski" "St. Ivan Rilski" Sofia 1700, Bulgaria Sofia 1700, Bulgaria Sofia 1700, Bulgaria E-mail:[email protected] E-mail:[email protected] Email:[email protected] ABSTRACT The study is devoted to mineral water occurrences at Kostenets, Dolna Banya, Momin prohod, Pchelinski bani, revealed within the Kostenets graben depression. Specific geological, hydrogeological and hydrochemical conditions of the above mentioned occurrences of mineral water are the reasons for treated them as parts of a common hydrogeological structure, denoted as Dolna Banya thermal water basin. Scope and boundaries of the basin are delineated. A description of individual mineral water occurrences is presented. The discharge of each of them is assessed on actual measurements and observations of discharge regime. The total outflow of mineral water from the occurrences of the Dolna Banya thermal water basin recently amounts to 53 l/s. The hydrochemical characteristic of mineral waters is presented as well as regularities in the distribution of composition and temperature. A conceptual computer model of the Dolna Banya thermal water basin is compiled and it is used for determining the cathcment areas for each of the mineral water occurrences. The model confirms hydraulic connection between specific parts of the basin and in the meanwhile studies the determination of Kostenets occurrence of mineral water as an autonomous part of the basin.
    [Show full text]
  • Company Profile
    www.ecobulpack.com COMPANY PROFILE KEEP BULGARIA CLEAN FOR THE CHILDREN! PHILIPPE ROMBAUT Chairman of the Board of Directors of ECOBULPACK Executive Director of AGROPOLYCHIM JSC-Devnia e, ECOBULPACK are dedicated to keeping clean the environment of the country we live Wand raise our children in. This is why we rely on good partnerships with the State and Municipal Authorities, as well as the responsible business managers who have supported our efforts from the very beginning of our activity. Because all together we believe in the cause: “Keep Bulgaria clean for the children!” VIDIO VIDEV Executive Director of ECOBULPACK Executive Director of NIVA JSC-Kostinbrod,VIDONA JSC-Yambol t ECOBULPACK we guarantee the balance of interests between the companies releasing A packed goods on the market, on one hand, and the companies collecting and recycling waste, on the other. Thus we manage waste throughout its course - from generation to recycling. The funds ECOBULPACK accumulates are invested in the establishment of sustainable municipal separate waste collection systems following established European models with proven efficiency. DIMITAR ZOROV Executive Director of ECOBULPACK Owner of “PARSHEVITSA” Dairy Products ince the establishment of the company we have relied on the principles of democracy as Swell as on an open and fair strategy. We welcome new shareholders. We offer the business an alternative in fulfilling its obligations to utilize packaged waste, while meeting national legislative requirements. We achieve shared responsibilities and reduce companies’ product- packaging fees. MILEN DIMITROV Procurator of ECOBULPACK s a result of our joint efforts and the professionalism of our work, we managed to turn AECOBULPACK JSC into the largest organization utilizing packaging waste, which so far have gained the confidence of more than 3 500 companies operating in the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Research Division Country Profile: Bulgaria, October 2006
    Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Country Profile: Bulgaria, October 2006 COUNTRY PROFILE: BULGARIA October 2006 COUNTRY Formal Name: Republic of Bulgaria (Republika Bŭlgariya). Short Form: Bulgaria. Term for Citizens(s): Bulgarian(s). Capital: Sofia. Click to Enlarge Image Other Major Cities (in order of population): Plovdiv, Varna, Burgas, Ruse, Stara Zagora, Pleven, and Sliven. Independence: Bulgaria recognizes its independence day as September 22, 1908, when the Kingdom of Bulgaria declared its independence from the Ottoman Empire. Public Holidays: Bulgaria celebrates the following national holidays: New Year’s (January 1); National Day (March 3); Orthodox Easter (variable date in April or early May); Labor Day (May 1); St. George’s Day or Army Day (May 6); Education Day (May 24); Unification Day (September 6); Independence Day (September 22); Leaders of the Bulgarian Revival Day (November 1); and Christmas (December 24–26). Flag: The flag of Bulgaria has three equal horizontal stripes of white (top), green, and red. Click to Enlarge Image HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Early Settlement and Empire: According to archaeologists, present-day Bulgaria first attracted human settlement as early as the Neolithic Age, about 5000 B.C. The first known civilization in the region was that of the Thracians, whose culture reached a peak in the sixth century B.C. Because of disunity, in the ensuing centuries Thracian territory was occupied successively by the Greeks, Persians, Macedonians, and Romans. A Thracian kingdom still existed under the Roman Empire until the first century A.D., when Thrace was incorporated into the empire, and Serditsa was established as a trading center on the site of the modern Bulgarian capital, Sofia.
    [Show full text]
  • Good Practices in Target Libraries from Plovdiv District
    Good Practices in Target Libraries from Plovdiv District 4 September 2011, Plovdiv, Ivan Vazov Public Library LIST OF MEETING PARTICIPANTS No. Name Organization/Institution Settlement 1. Ana Belcheva Municipal administration Rakovski Rakovski 2. Angelina Stavreva Ivan Vazov Public Library, Methodology Dept. Plovdiv 3. Ani Sirakova Library at Sts. Cyril and Methodius PC Parvomay 4. Anka Bekirova Library at Iskra Public Chitalishte Kaloyanovo 5. Apostol Stanev Library at Sokolov Public Chitalishte Panicheri 6. Valya Stoyanova Library at N.Y. Vaptsarov Public Chitalishte Stamboliyski 7. Vasilka Bahchevanska Library at Vasil Kolev Public Chitalishte Trilistnik 8. Vaska Mincheva Library at Probuda Public Chitalishte Krichim 9. Vaska Tonova Ivan Vazov Public Library, Children’s Dept. Plovdiv 10. Velizar Petrov Regional Information Center Plovdiv 11. Vera Endreva Library at Hristo Botev Public Chitalishte Zlatitrap 12. Vera Kirilova NAWV Plovdiv 13. Gergana Vulcheva Library at Ivan Vazov Public Chitalishte Iskra 14. Gyurgena Madzhirova Library at Lyuben Karavelov Public Chitalishte Kurtovo Konare 15. Daniela Kostova Municipal administration Asenovgrad Asenovgrad 16. Darina Markova Library at Hristo Botev Public Chitalishte Dabene 17. Dzhamal Kichukov “Zora” Library Laki 18. Dimitar Minev Ivan Vazov Public Library, Director Plovdiv 19. Dobrinka Batinkova Library at N.Y. Vaptsarov Public Chitalishte Kuklen 20. Donka Kumanova Library at Sts. Cyril and Methodius PC Shishmantsi 21. Elena Atanasova Library at Ivan Vazov Public Chitalishte Plovdiv 22. E lena Batinkova Library at Samorazvitie Public Chitalishte Brestnik 23. Elena Mechkova Library at N.Y. Vaptsarov Public Chitalishte Topolovo 24. Elena Raychinova Library at Ivan Vazov Public Chitalishte Sopot 25. Emilia Angelova Library at Sts. Cyril and Methodius PC Parvomay page 1 No.
    [Show full text]
  • Luftwaffe Airfields 1935-45 Bulgaria
    Luftwaffe Airfields 1935-45 Luftwaffe Airfields 1935-45 Bulgaria By Henry L. deZeng IV General Map Edition: November 2014 Luftwaffe Airfields 1935-45 Copyright © by Henry L. deZeng IV (Work in Progress). (1st Draft 2014) Blanket permission is granted by the author to researchers to extract information from this publication for their personal use in accordance with the generally accepted definition of fair use laws. Otherwise, the following applies: All rights reserved. No part of this publication, an original work by the authors, may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of the author. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. This information is provided on an "as is" basis without condition apart from making an acknowledgement of authorship. Luftwaffe Airfields 1935-45 Airfields Bulgaria Introduction Conventions 1. For the purpose of this reference work, “Bulgaria” generally means the territory belonging to the country on 6 April 1941, the date of the German invasion and occupation of Yugoslavia and Greece. The territory occupied and acquired by Bulgaria after that date is not included. 2. All spellings are as they appear in wartime German documents with the addition of alternate spellings where known. Place names in the Cyrillic alphabet as used in the Bulgarian language have been transliterated into the English equivalent as they appear on Google Earth. 3. It is strongly recommended that researchers use the search function because each airfield and place name has alternate spellings, sometimes 3 or 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Espaço E Economia, 10 | 2017 Alternative Tourism in Bulgaria – General Characteristics 2
    Espaço e Economia Revista brasileira de geografia econômica 10 | 2017 Ano V, número 10 Alternative tourism in Bulgaria – general characteristics Turismo alternativo na Bulgária – características gerais Le tourisme alternatif en Bulgarie : traits générales Turismo alternativo en Bulgaria: características generales. Milen Penerliev Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/espacoeconomia/2921 DOI: 10.4000/espacoeconomia.2921 ISSN: 2317-7837 Publisher Núcleo de Pesquisa Espaço & Economia Electronic reference Milen Penerliev, « Alternative tourism in Bulgaria – general characteristics », Espaço e Economia [Online], 10 | 2017, Online since 17 July 2017, connection on 19 April 2019. URL : http:// journals.openedition.org/espacoeconomia/2921 ; DOI : 10.4000/espacoeconomia.2921 This text was automatically generated on 19 April 2019. © NuPEE Alternative tourism in Bulgaria – general characteristics 1 Alternative tourism in Bulgaria – general characteristics Turismo alternativo na Bulgária – características gerais Le tourisme alternatif en Bulgarie : traits générales Turismo alternativo en Bulgaria: características generales. Milen Penerliev 1 Alternative tourism is a form of tourism which represents an alternative to the conventional mass tourism. Its forms are small-scale, low-density, divided into forms practiced in urban (religious, cultural, business) and rural areas. Alternative tourism is an attempt to preserve, protect and improve the quality of the existing resource base, which is fundamental for tourism itself. Alternative tourism is featured by active encouragement and care for the development of additional andspecific attractions as well the infrastructure, which are based on the local resources, while at the same time aiding the latter. It has an impact on the quality of life in the region, improves the infrastructure and increases the educational and cultural level of the local community.
    [Show full text]
  • Vladimir Paounovsky
    THE B ULGARIAN POLICY TTHE BB ULGARIAN PP OLICY ON THE BB ALKAN CCOUNTRIESAND NN ATIONAL MM INORITIES,, 1878-19121878-1912 Vladimir Paounovsky 1.IN THE NAME OF THE NATIONAL IDEAL The period in the history of the Balkan nations known as the “Eastern Crisis of 1875-1879” determined the international political development in the region during the period between the end of 19th century and the end of World War I (1918). That period was both a time of the consolidation of and opposition to Balkan nationalism with the aim of realizing, to a greater or lesser degree, separate national doctrines and ideals. Forced to maneuver in the labyrinth of contradictory interests of the Great Powers on the Balkan Peninsula, the battles among the Balkan countries for superiority of one over the others, led them either to Pyrrhic victories or defeats. This was particularly evident during the 1912-1913 Balkan Wars (The Balkan War and The Interallied War) and World War I, which was ignited by a spark from the Balkans. The San Stefano Peace Treaty of 3 March, 1878 put an end to the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878). According to the treaty, an independent Bulgarian state was to be founded within the ethnographic borders defined during the Istanbul Conference of December 1876; that is, within the framework of the Bulgarian Exarchate. According to the treaty the only loss for Bulgaria was the ceding of North Dobroujda to Romania as compensa- tion for the return of Bessarabia to Russia. The Congress of Berlin (June 1878), however, re-consid- ered the Peace Treaty and replaced it with a new one in which San Stefano Bulgaria was parceled out; its greater part was put under Ottoman control again while Serbia was given the regions around Pirot and Vranya as a compensation for the occupation of Novi Pazar sancak (administrative district) by Austro-Hun- - 331 - VLADIMIR P AOUNOVSKY gary.
    [Show full text]
  • Xerotyphlops Vermicularis (MERREM, 1820), in the West Bulgarian Rhodope Mountains: Rediscovery After More Than 100 Years
    200 SHORT NOTE HERPETOZOA 27 (3/4) Wien, 30. Jänner 2015 SHORT NOTE Xerotyphlops vermicularis (MERREM, 1820), in the west Bulgarian Rhodope Mountains: rediscovery after more than 100 years The Eurasian Blind Snake, Xerotyph - lops vermicularis (MERREM, 1820), the only representative of the snake family Typhlo - pidae (Scolecophidia) in Europe (gRil- liTSCH & gRilliTSCH 1993), is found in the southern parts of the Balkan Peninsula, specifically in former yugoslavia (Croatia, FyR Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia), Albania, Bul garia, greece and Turkey (gRilliTSCH & gRilliTSCH 1993; gASC et al. 1997; gRilliTSCH et al. 1999) where it represents a chorotype element of the Turano-Mediterranean fauna (JABlONSki et al. 2012). However, the recent molecular data show that this traditionally accepted species is probably a species complex, since some populations from the Middle East show deep genetic divergences indicating their separate evolution since the end of Middle and late Miocene (kORNiliOS et al. 2012). This species prefers xerothermic habitats with deep, dry and soft (sandy) soil where it can burrow, typically rocky slopes with low, sparse bush vegetation, open areas with stones as well as cultivated fields (gRil liTSCH & gRilliTSCH 1993). The known edge of its distribution in the east of the Balkans is formed by several localities on Bulgarian territory (see BESH- kOv & NANEv 2006; STOJANOv et al. 2011), from where it was originally published only at the beginning of the 20th century (kOvA- CHEv 1912; CHiCHkOFF 1914). in Bul garia, this species has a scattered distribution at altitudes below 500 m above sea level. it is found only in the southern parts of the coun- try where it persisted from an earlier more extended distribution.
    [Show full text]
  • Do Public Fund Windfalls Increase Corruption? Evidence from a Natural Disaster Elena Nikolovaa Nikolay Marinovb 68131 Mannheim A5-6, Germany October 5, 2016
    Do Public Fund Windfalls Increase Corruption? Evidence from a Natural Disaster Elena Nikolovaa Nikolay Marinovb 68131 Mannheim A5-6, Germany October 5, 2016 Abstract We show that unexpected financial windfalls increase corruption in local govern- ment. Our analysis uses a new data set on flood-related transfers, and the associated spending infringements, which the Bulgarian central government distributed to mu- nicipalities following torrential rains in 2004 and 2005. Using information from the publicly available audit reports we are able to build a unique objective index of cor- ruption. We exploit the quasi-random nature of the rainfall shock (conditional on controls for ground flood risk) to isolate exogenous variation in the amount of funds received by each municipality. Our results imply that a 10 % increase in the per capita amount of disbursed funds leads to a 9.8% increase in corruption. We also present suggestive evidence that more corrupt mayors anticipated punishment by voters and dropped out of the next election race. Our results highlight the governance pitfalls of non-tax transfers, such as disaster relief or assistance from international organizations, even in moderately strong democracies. Keywords: corruption, natural disasters, governance JEL codes: D73, H71, P26 aResearch Fellow, Central European Labour Studies Institute, Slovakia and associated researcher, IOS Regensburg, Germany. Email: [email protected]. We would like to thank Erik Bergl¨of,Rikhil Bhav- nani, Simeon Djankov, Sergei Guriev, Stephan Litschig, Ivan Penkov, Grigore Pop-Eleches, Sandra Sequeira and conference participants at the 2015 Annual Meeting of the European Public Choice Society, Groningen, the 2015 American Political Science Association, San Francisco and seminar participants at Brunel, King's College workshop on corruption, and LSE for useful comments, and Erik Bergl¨ofand Stefka Slavova for help with obtaining Bulgarian rainfall data.
    [Show full text]
  • Annex REPORT for 2019 UNDER the “HEALTH CARE” PRIORITY of the NATIONAL ROMA INTEGRATION STRATEGY of the REPUBLIC of BULGAR
    Annex REPORT FOR 2019 UNDER THE “HEALTH CARE” PRIORITY of the NATIONAL ROMA INTEGRATION STRATEGY OF THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA 2012 - 2020 Operational objective: A national monitoring progress report has been prepared for implementation of Measure 1.1.2. “Performing obstetric and gynaecological examinations with mobile offices in settlements with compact Roma population”. During the period 01.07—20.11.2019, a total of 2,261 prophylactic medical examinations were carried out with the four mobile gynaecological offices to uninsured persons of Roma origin and to persons with difficult access to medical facilities, as 951 women were diagnosed with diseases. The implementation of the activity for each Regional Health Inspectorate is in accordance with an order of the Minister of Health to carry out not less than 500 examinations with each mobile gynaecological office. Financial resources of BGN 12,500 were allocated for each mobile unit, totalling BGN 50,000 for the four units. During the reporting period, the mobile gynecological offices were divided into four areas: Varna (the city of Varna, the village of Kamenar, the town of Ignatievo, the village of Staro Oryahovo, the village of Sindel, the village of Dubravino, the town of Provadia, the town of Devnya, the town of Suvorovo, the village of Chernevo, the town of Valchi Dol); Silistra (Tutrakan Municipality– the town of Tutrakan, the village of Tsar Samuel, the village of Nova Cherna, the village of Staro Selo, the village of Belitsa, the village of Preslavtsi, the village of Tarnovtsi,
    [Show full text]