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Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) Forming Leaf Galls on Ficus Microcarpa L

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Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) Forming Leaf Galls on Ficus Microcarpa L This article was downloaded by: [Ingenta Content Distribution - Routledge] On: 8 March 2011 Access details: Access Details: [subscription number 791963552] Publisher Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37- 41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Journal of Natural History Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t713192031 A new species of Josephiella (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) forming leaf galls on Ficus microcarpa L. (Moraceae) John W. Beardsleya; Jean-Yves Rasplusa a INRA, Laboratoire de Modélisation et Biologie Evolutive, 488 rue Croix de Lavit, F-34090 Montpellier, France, Online publication date: 03 December 2010 To cite this Article Beardsley, John W. and Rasplus, Jean-Yves(2001) 'A new species of Josephiella (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) forming leaf galls on Ficus microcarpa L. (Moraceae)', Journal of Natural History, 35: 1, 33 — 40 To link to this Article: DOI: 10.1080/002229301447871 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/002229301447871 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. Journal of Natural History, 2001, 35, 33–40 A new species of Josephiella (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) forming leaf galls on Ficus microcarpa L. (Moraceae) JOHN W. BEARDSLEY1 and JEAN-YVES RASPLUS* INRA, Laboratoire de ModeÂlisation et Biologie Evolutive, 488 rue Croix de Lavit, F-34090 Montpellier, France (Accepted 30 November 1999) A second species of Josephiella Narendran, J. microcarpae, is described and ® gured, based on specimens reared in Hawaii, California and the Canary Islands. This wasp develops in galls on the leaves of Ficus microcarpa L., a widely cultivated ornamental banyan tree that is native to South-East Asia and adjacent islands. It has not been found on any other hosts. Both sexes are described, and males, which are apparently all fully winged, are relatively rare. We postulate that this wasp is a recent introduction into Hawaii, California and the Canary Islands, from an unknown location in South-East Asia, where Ficus microcarpa is native. Keywords: Agaonidae, Epichrysomallinae, Josephiella, new species, pest, Ficus, Moraceae. Introduction In May 1989, the ® rst author noticed for the ® rst time the presence of small, pustule-like galls on the leaves of a common ornamental Ficus tree, F. microcarpa L. (® gure 1) on the campus of the University of Hawaii in Honolulu. Specimens of an Epichrysomallinae agaonid wasp that emerged from galled leaves held in the laboratory were identi® ed as possibly a species of Camarothorax by E. Grissell at the US National Museum in Washington, DC (Beardsley, 1992). Specimens were Downloaded By: [Ingenta Content Distribution - Routledge] At: 17:07 8 March 2011 sent also to Z. BoucÏ ek at the Natural History Museum in London. BoucÏ ek (1997: 119) referred brie¯ y to the species stating `...one species of Acophila Ishii (Epichrysomallinae), found recently in Hawaii, is believed to produce galls on the leaves of a Ficus’. In September 1997, the same wasp was discovered forming leaf galls on F. microcarpa at Santa Ana, California by J. N. Nisson (Anon., 1998). In October 1997, the species had spread as far as the Canary Islands (Spain), where it was found causing heavy infestation on foliage of cultivated F. microcarpa in Tenerife 1Present address: 1026 Oak Dale Lane, Arcadia, CA 91006, USA. *To whom correspondence is addressed; email: [email protected]. Journal of Natural History ISSN 0022-2933 print/ISSN 1464-5262 online Ñ 2001 Taylor & Francis Ltd http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals 34 J. W. Beardsley and J.-Y. Rasplus Fig. 1. Galls of Josephiella microcarpae sp. n. on foliage of Ficus microcarpa L. (A) Twig with infested leaves. (B) Upper (left) and lower surfaces of F. microcarpa leaves bearing fresh (unemerged) galls. (C) Enlarged view of J. microcarpae emergence holes on lower surface of old gall cluster. (J. L. Nieves-Aldrey, personal communication) . Because F. microcarpa is widely cultivated as an ornamental shade tree throughout the tropics and subtropics of the world, and because the leaf galls of this wasp sometimes produce unsightly deformed foliage and occasionally defoliation, we believe that it will develop into a signi® cant Downloaded By: [Ingenta Content Distribution - Routledge] At: 17:07 8 March 2011 pest in many places. Generic placement Narendran (in Narendran and Sheela, 1993) described the genus Josephiella, with a single included species, J. malabarensis Narendran, reared from leaf galls of Ficus bengalensis in India. That wasp apparently was the ® rst species of Epichrysomallinae described which develops within leaf galls; all previously described species for which hosts are known inhabit ® g syconia. However another species, Leeuweniella Wcophila FerrieÁ re, 1929 which is an Epichrysomallinae, despite its description in Perilampidae, develops in galls on twigs of Ficus recurva Blanco (FerrieÁ re, 1929 ). The new species possesses most of the diagnostic characters cited by Narendran and de® ning Josephiella: Female with subglobose head. Bilobed clypeus. Supraclypeal area well delimited, subquadrate. Antenna inserted above the ocular A new species of Josephiella 35 line. Antennal formula 11(1)53 (the annellus hardly visible in J. microcarpae). Scape short not reaching the median ocellus. Occipital carina absent (in dried specimens of J. microcarpae, the occiput may be partly collapsed and a consequent crease misinterpreted as a carina). Axillar grooves shallow or obliterated. Tarsi four- segmented. Stigmal vein longer than marginal vein. Stigmal vein at an angle of about 90ß . Marginal fringe present. Josephiella clearly diŒers from Acophila in having four-segmented tarsi (vs ® ve- segmented), bilobed clypeus (vs truncate). Antennae inserted above the ocular line (vs inserted below the ocular line). Occipital carina absent (vs clearly visible). Scutellum without distinct punctures (vs with punctures). Marginal vein about as long as the stigmal (vs marginal clearly longer than the stigmal). Stigmal vein at an angle of about 90ß (vs stigmal vein at an angle less than 90ß ). Marginal fringe present (vs absent). The closest genus to Josephiella is Odontofroggatia Ishii. In the key to genera of Nearctic Agaonidae (BoucÏ ek, 1997), couplet 10(8) should be altered as follows to allow identi® cation of these genera: 10(8) Stigmal vein at a right angle to wing margin and about as long as marginal vein, the postmarginal vein very short and stub-like; body brown to yellow, shiny; tarsi 4-segmente. d. EPICHRYSOMALLINAE, 10¾ ± Stigmal vein more or less at an acute angle to wing margin and shorter, etc. 11 10¾ (10) Female: head transverse. Antennal formula 1163, scape long, reaching the median ocellus. Supraclypeal area not delimited. Scutellum bearing 2Ö 2 setae. Axillar grooves well marked. Male: mandible long and falcate. Petiole apparent, some- times with a ventral hook or lateral teeth . Odontofroggatia Ishii ± Female: head subglobose (® gure 3C ). Antennal area formula 11(1)53 (® gure 2A), the annellus hardly visible in J. microcarpae; scape short, not reaching the median ocellus. Supraclypeal area well delimited, subquadrate (® gure 2B). Scutellum bearing at least 2Ö 3 setae. Axillar grooves shallow or obliterated (® gure 2D). Male: mandible normal. Petiole short . Josephiella Narendran In the key to the Oriental genera of Epichrysomallinae (Narendran and Sheela, 1996), the new species described here will run to the genus Josephiella only with di culty. In the ® rst couplet of their key these authors refer to the relative widths of the anterior margin of the scutellum and posterior margin of the midlobe of the mesoscutum. In the new species described below, the sutures that de® ne these sclerites Downloaded By: [Ingenta Content Distribution - Routledge] At: 17:07 8 March 2011 are weakly developed, and not easily seen; they are well de® ned in the type species. However, in specimens of the new species in which the axillary sutures are discernible, they intersect the transscutal articulation close together near the midline, as in the type species of Josephiella. The species described here shares another important, apparently apomorphic character with the type species of Josephiella: the unusual habit of developing within leaf galls. Josephiella microcarpae, sp. n. (® gures 2± 4) Female (Wgure 4B). Length of holotype 2.2 mm. Body uniformly dark brown; antennae and legs, including coxae, mostly pale yellow, femora slightly darkened, pretarsi dark; wings hyaline, veins pale yellow-brown, semi-transparent; mouthparts pale. Body weakly sclerotized, gaster and mesosoma tending to collapse and shrivel 36
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