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Home , African giant squirrel, African ground squirrel, Anomalure, Aquatic genet, Barbary ground squirrel, Cryptochloris

THE KINGDON FIELD GUIDE TO AFRICAN

By Jonathan Kingdon

ACADEMIC PRESS Harcourt Brace & Company, Publishers SAX DIEGO LONDON BOSTON NEW YORK SYDNEY TOKYO TORONTO V CONTENTS

Preface and Acknowledgements vi Checklist of vii Introduction 1

Mammals 5 8 111 Insectivores 137 Elephant , or Sengis 147 Hares 152 159 Carnivores 215 Scaly Ant-eaters 288 Aardvark 294 296 Proboscids 302 Odd-toed Ungulates 309 Even-toed Ungulates 323

The African Environment 447 Physical 447 Climate 448 Vegetation 451 The Past 455 455 Species 456 Conservation 457

Further Reading 459 Glossary 460 vii CHECKLIST OF SPECIES

MAMMALIA 5 PRIMATES PRIMATES 8 Old World monkeys and apes Catarrhini 8 Man and apes Hominidae 9 Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes 10 or 'pygmy' chimpanzee Pan paniscus 12 Gorilla Gorilla gorilla 15 Monkeys Cercopithecoidea 17 Colobid monkeys Colobidae 18 Olive colobus Procolobus verus 19 Red colobus Piliocolobus 20 Zanzibar red colobus Piliocolobus kirkii 21 Iringa red colobus Piliocolobus gordonorum 22 Tana River red colobus Piliocolobus rufomitratus 22 Tshuapa red colobus Piliocolobus tholloni 23 Central African red colobus Piliocolobus oustaleti 24 Pennant's red colobus Piliocolobus pennanti 24 Preuss's red colobus Piliocolobus preussi 25 Western red colobus Piliocolobus badius 25 Pied colobus Colobus 26 Black colobus Colobus satanus 26 Western pied colobus Colobus polykomos 27 pied colobus Colobus angolensis 28 Geoffroy's pied colobus Colobus vellerosus 29 Guereza colobus Colobus guereza (syn. C. abyssinicus) 29 Cheek-pouch monkeys Cercopithecidae 31 Baboons Papio 32 Sacred baboon Papio hamadryas 33 baboon Papio papio 34 Olive baboon Papio anubis 34 Yellow baboon Papio cynocephalus 35 Chacma baboon Papio ursinus 36 Gelada Theropithecus gelada 36 Mandrill Mandrillus sphinx 38 Drill Mandrillus leucophaeus 40 Drill-mangabeys Cercocebus 42 Red-capped mangabey Cercocebus torquatus 43 Sooty mangabey Cercocebus atys 43 Agile mangabey Cercocebus agilis 44 Tana mangabey Cercocebus galeritus 45 Sanje mangabey Cercocebus sanjei 45 Golden-bellied mangabey Cercocebus chrysogaster 46 Baboon-mangabeys Lophocebus 47 Grey-cheeked mangabey Lophocebus albigena 47 Black mangabey Lophocebus aterrimus 48 Barbary macaque Macaca sylvanus 49 Guenons and allies Cercopithecinae 50 Allen's swamp monkey Allenopithecus nigroviridis 54 Northern talapoin Miopithecus ogouensis 55 Southern talapoin Miopithecus talapoin 56 Patas monkey Cercopithecus (Erythrocebus) patas 57 viii

Savannah monkeys Cercopithecus (aethiops) superspecies 58 Grivet monkey Cercopithecus (a.) aethiops 60 Tantalus monkey Cercopithecus (a.) tantalus 60 Vervet monkey Cercopithecus (a.) pygerythrus 61 Callithrix monkey Cercopithecus (a.) sabaeus 61 Bale monkey Cercopithecus (a.) djamdjamensis 62 L'Hoest's monkeys Cercopithecus (I'hoesti) superspecies 63 L'Hoest's monkey Cercopithecus (I'h.) i'hoesti 64 Preuss's monkey Cercopithecus (I'h.) preussi 65 Sun-tailed monkey Cercopithecus (I'h.) solatus 66 Salonga monkey Cercopithecus dryas 66 Diana monkey Cercopithecus diana 67 De Brazza's monkey Cercopithecus neglectus 69 Mona monkeys Cercopithecus (mona) superspecies 70 Mona monkey Cercopithecus (m.) mona 72 Campbell's monkey Cercopithecus (m.) campbelli 72 Lowe's monkey Cercopithecus (m.) /owe/ 73 Dent's monkey Cercopithecus (m.) denti 74 Wolf's monkey Cercopithecus (m.) wolfi 75 Crowned monkey Cercopithecus (m.) pogonias 76 -faced monkey Cercopithecus hamlyni 77 Gentle monkeys Cercopithecus (nictitans) superspecies 79 Putty-nosed monkey Cercopithecus (n.) nictitans 80 Gentle monkey Cercopithecus (n.) mitis 80 Cephus monkeys Cercopithecus (cephus) superspecies 82 Moustached monkey Cercopithecus (c.) cephus 84 Sdater's monkey Cercopithecus (c.) sclateri 84 Red-eared monkey Cercopithecus (c.) erythrotis 85 Red-tailed monkey Cercopithecus (c.) ascanius 85 Lesser spot-nosed monkey Cercopithecus (c.) petaurista 87 Nigerian white-throat monkey Cercopithecus (c.) erythrogaster 88 Prosimians Strepsirhini 89 Lorisids Loridae (previously Lorisidae) 90 Potto Perodicticus potto 90 Calabar angwantibo Arctocebus calabarensis 91 Golden angwantibo Arctocebus aureus 92 Galagos or bushbabies Galagonidae (previously Galagidae) 93 Greater galagos Otolemur 96 Greater galago Otolemur crassicaudatus 97 Silver galago Otolemur argentata 97 Small-eared galago Otolemur garnetti 98 Mwera galago Otolemur sp. nov.? 98 Needle-clawed galagos Euoticus 99 Elegant needle-clawed galago Euoticus elegantulus 100 Pallid needle-clawed galago Euoticus pallidus 100 galagos Galago (Sciurocheirus) 101 Allen's squirrel galago Galago alleni 102 Lesser galagos Galago 102 galago Galago senegalensis 103 South African galago Galago moholi 103 Somali galago Galago gallarum 104 Spectacled galago Galago matschiei (syn. G. inustus) 104 Dwarf galagos Galagoides 105 Roller callers (Relictual east coast dwarf galagos) 105 Rondo galago Galagoides sp. nov. "rondoensis" 106 Matundu galago Galagoides sp. nov. "udzungwensis" 106 Usambara galago Galagoides sp. nov.? orinusl 107 Incremental callers (East coast small galagos) 107 Zanzibar galago Galagoides zanzibaricus 107 Mozambique galago Galagoides granti 108 Crescendo callers (Equatorial dwarf galagos) 108 Demidoff's galago Galagoides demidoff 108 Thomas's galago Galagoides thomasi 109

BATS CHIROPTERA 111 Fruit bats Megachiroptera, Pteropodidae 111 Flying (2 species) 113 Straw-coloured fruit helvum 113 Rousette bat, Egyptian fruit bat aegyptiacus 114 Mountain fruit bat Stenonycteris lanosus 114 Angola fruit bat Lissonycteris angolensis 115 Collared fruit bats (3 species) 115 Epauletted fruit bats (6 species) 116 Hammer bat Hypsignathus monstrosus 116 Singing fruit bats (3 species) 117 Dwarf epauletted fruit bats (2 species) 118 Tear-drop fruit bats Scotonycteris (2 species) 118 Golden fruit bat argynnis 118 Flying calf Nanonycteris veldkampi 119 Benguela fruit bat Plerotes anchietae 119 Nectar bats Macroglossinae 119 Nectar bat woermanni 120

Insect bats Microchiroptera 120 -tailed bats Rhinopomatidae 122 Mouse-tailed bats Rhinopoma (2 species) 122 Sheath-tailed bats Emballonuridae 123 African sheath-tailed bat Coleura afra 123 Tomb bats Taphozous (5 species) 123 Black bat Saccolaimus peli 124 Slit-faced bats Nycteridae 124 Slit-faced bats Nycteris (10 species) 124 large-winged bats Megadermatidae 124 Heart-nosed bat Qardioderma cor 125 Yellow-winged bat Lavia frons 125 Horseshoe bats Rhinolophinae 126 Horseshoe bats Rhinolophus (21 species) 126 -nosed bats Hipposiderinae 126 Leaf-nosed bats Hipposideros (13 species) 126 Trident leaf-nosed bats Asellia (2 species) 127 Percival's trident bat Cloeotis percivali 127 Persian leaf-nosed bat Triaenops persicus 128 Vesper bats Vespertilionidae 128 Hairy bats Myotis (12 species) 129 Woolly bats Kerivoula (8 species) 130 Barbastelle bats Barbastella (2 species) 130 Butterfly bats Chalinolobus (syn. Glauconycteris) (9 species) 131 X

Serotine bats Eptesicus (13 species) 131 Tropical long-eared bats Laephotis (4 species) 132 Moloney's flat-headed bat Mimetillus moloneyi 132 Noctules Nyctalus{3 species) 132 Schlieffen's twilight bat Nyctecius schlieffeni 132 Hempriche's long-eared bat Otonycteris hemprichii 132 Pipistrelles Pipistrellus (16 species) 132 Northern long-eared bat Plecotus austriacus 133 Evening bats Scotoecus (2 species) 133 House bats Scotophilus (5 species) 133 Long-fingered bats Miniopterus (4 species) 134 Free-tailed bats Molossidae 134 bats Tadarida (5 species) 134 Wrinkle-lipped bats Chaerophon (10 species) 135 Mops free-tailed bats Mops (12 species) 135 "Winged-rat' free-tailed bats Myopyerus (2 species) 135 Flat-headed bats Mormopterus (2 species) 136 East African flat-headed bat Platymops setiger 136 Giant mastiff bat Otomops martiensseni 136

INSECTIVORES INSECTIVORA 137 shrews Tenrecidae, Potamogalinae 137 Potamogale velox 137 Mount Nimba otter shrew lamottei 138 Ruwenzori otter shrew Mesopotamogale ruwenzorii 138 Golden moles Chrysochloridae 138 Narrow-headed golden moles (4 species) 139 Yellow golden obtusirostris 139 Forty-toothed golden moles (5 species) 140 Cape golden moles (3 species) 140 Giant golden moles (2 species) 140 Cryptic golden moles (2 species) 140 Desert Eremitalpa granti 140 141 African hedgehogs (4 species) 141 Long-eared hedgehogs (2 species) 142 Shrews Soricidae 142 Mouse shrews (12 species) 143 Mole shrews (2 species) 143 Congo shrew Congosorex polli 143 Musk shrews (4 species) 143 Climbing shrews (10 species) 144 Ruwenzori shrew Ruwenzorisorex suncoides 144 somereni 144 shrews (3 species) 145 White-toothed shrews (103 species) 145

ELEPHANT SHREWS, OR SENGIS MACROSCELIDEA 147 Soft-furred elephant shrews Macroscelidinae 147 Lesser elephant shrews Elephantulus (10 species) 148 Four-toed elephant shrew Petrodromus tetradactylus 149 Round-eared elephant shrew Macroscelides proboscideus 149 Giant elephant shrews Rhynchocyoninae 150 Chequered elephant shrew Rhynchocyon cirnei 151 Zanj elephant shrew Rhynchocyon petersi 151 Golden-rumped elephant shrew Rhynchocyon chrysopygus 152 xi

HARES LAGOMORPHA 152 Hares Leporidae 152 True hares Lepus 153 Cape hare Lepus capensis 154 Scrub hare Lepus saxatilis (syn. L. crawshayi) 154 Starck's hare Lepus starcki 155 Riverine rabbit Bunolagus monticularis 155 Common rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus 156 grass-hare Poelagus marjorita 156 Rock hares Pronolagus 157 Smith's red rock hare Pronolagus rupestris 157 Natal red rock hare Pronolagus crassicaudatus 158 Jameson's red rock hare Pronolagus randensis 158

RODENTS RODENTIA 159 Sciuridae 160 Ground squirrels 160 Barbary Atlantoxerus getulus 160 Unstriped ground squirrel Xerus rutilus 161 Striped ground squirrel Euxerus erythropus 161 South Geosciurus inauris 161 Damara ground squirrel Geosciurus princeps 162 African pygmy squirrels Myosciurini 162 African pygmy squirrel Myosciurus pumilio 163 Rope squirrels Funisciurus 163 Ribboned rope squirrel Funisciurus lemniscatus 164 Lunda rope squirrel Funisciurus bayoni 164 Thomas's rope squirrel Funisciurus anerythrus 164 Fire-footed rope squirrel Funisciurus pyrropus 165 Red-cheeked rope squirrel Funisciurus leucogenys 166 Lady Burton's rope squirrel Funisciurus isabella 166 Kintampo rope squirrel Funisciurus substriatus 166 Congo rope squirrel Funisciurus cong/cus 166 Carruther's mountain squirrel Funisciurus carruthersi 167 Bush squirrels Paraxerus 167 Cooper's mountain squirrel Paraxerus cooperi 168 Tanganyika mountain squirrels Paraxerus lucifer 168 Lushoto mountain squirrel Paraxerus vexillarius 169 Red-bellied coast squirrel Paraxerus palliatus 169 Smith's bush squirrel Paraxerus cepapi 169 Ochre bush squirrel Paraxerus ochraceus 169 Striped bush squirrel Paraxerus flavovittis 170 Green squirrel Paraxerus poensis 170 Boehm's squirrel Paraxerus boehmi 171 Alexander's dwarf squirrel Paraxerus alexandri 171 Giant and sun squirrels Protoxerini 171 Ruwenzori Heliosciurus ruwenzori 172 Heliosciurus gambianus (incl. punctatus) 172 Zanj sun squirrel Heliosciurus undulatus 173 Mutable sun squirrel Heliosciurus mutabilis 173 Red-legged sun squirrel Heliosciurus rufobrachium 173 Western palm squirrel ebi 173 Biafran Bight palm squirrel Epixerus wilsoni 174 Protoxerus stangeri 174 Slender-tailed squirrel Protoxerus aubinnii 174 xii

Anomalures Anomaluridae 175 Lord Derby's derbianus 176 Pel's anomalure Anomalurus peli 177 Lesser anomalure Anomalurus pusillus 177 Beecroft's anomalure Anomalurus beecrofti 178 Zenker's Idiurus zenkeri 178 Long-eared flying mouse Idiurus macrotis 179 scaly-tall Zenkerella insignis 179 Spring hares 180 Spring hare Pedetes capensis 180 Gundls Ctenodactylidae 181 Gundls Ctenodactylus (2 species) 181 Senegal gundl Felovia vae 182 Fringe-eared gundi Massouteria mzabi 182 Pectinator Pectinator spekei 182 Dormice Myoxidae (syn. Gliridae) 182 African dormice Graphiurus (14 species) 183 Eastern orchard dormouse Eliomys melanurus 183 Bathyergidae 184 Dune blesmols Bathyergus (2 species) 184 Common blesmols Cryptomys (7 species) 185 Cape Georychus capensis 185 Silky blesmol Heliophobius argenteocinereus 185 Sand-puppy (Naked mole-rat) Heterocephalus glaber 186 Hystricidae 186 Crested Hystrix cristata 187 South African porcupine Hystrix africaeaustralis 187 Brush-tailed porcupine Atherurus africanus 188 Cane-rats Thryonomyidae 188 Savannah cane-rat Thryonomys swinderianus 189 Marsh cane-rat Tbryonomys gregorianus 189 Dassie rat Petromuridae 190 Dassie rat Petromus typicus 190 Jerboas 190 Desert jerboas Jaculus (2 species) 190 Four-toed jerboa Allactaga tetradactyla 191 Rat-like rodents 191 Pseudo- Mystromyinae 192 White-tailed mouse Mystromys albicaudatus 192 Maned rat Lophiomyinae 192 Crested (Maned) rat Lophiomys imhausi 192 Gerbils Gerbillinae 193 Gerbils (51 species) 193 Dwarf gerbil Desmodilliscus braueri 194 Bushy-tailed jird Sekeetamys calurus 194 Jirds (3 species) 194 Fat sand-rats (2 species) 194 Tatera (Naked-soled) gerbils Tatera (11 species) 195 Taterillus gerbils Taterillus (8 species) 195 Hairy-footed gerbil Gerbillurus (4 species) 195 Namaqua gerbil Desmodillus auricularis 196 Fat-tailed gerbil Pachyuromys duprasi 196 Walo Amodillus imbellis 196 XIII

Dendromurines Dendromurinae 196 Climbing mice Dendromus (11 species) 197 Giant climbing mouse Megadendromus nicolausi 197 Velvet climbing mouse Dendroprionomys rousseloti 197 Dollman's climbing mouse Prionomys batesi 197 Large-eared mouse Malacothrix typica 198 Link rat Deomys ferugineus 198 Fat mice Steatomys (6 species) 198 mouse Leimacomys buettneri 199 Pouched rats Cricetomyinae 199 Lesser pouched rat Beamys hindei 199 Giant pouched rats Cricetomys (2 species) 199 Pouched mice Saccostomus (2 species) 200 Pygmy rock mice Petromyscinae 200 Pygmy rock mice Petromyscus (4 species) 200 Delaney's mouse Delanymys brooksi 201 Groove-toothed rats Otomyinae 201 Groove-toothed rats Otomys (12 species) 201 Whistling rats Parotomys (2 species) 201 Root-rats Rhizomyidae 202 Root-rats Tachyoryctes (11 species) 202 Mole-rats Spalacinae 202 Palestine mole-rat Nannospalax ehrenbergi 202 Murid rats and mice 203 Spiny mice Acomys (11 species) 205 Brush-furred mice Lophuromys (9 species) 205 Uranomys mouse Uranomys ruddi 205 Broad-headed stink mice Zelotomys (2 species) 205 Velvet rat Colomys goslingi 205 Long-footed rats (5 species) 206 Soft-furred rats Praomys (9 species) 206 African wood mice Hylomyscus (8 species) 206 De Balsac's mouse Heimyscus fumosus 207 Multimammate rats Mastomys (8 species) 207 Meadow rats Myomys (6 species) 207 Ethiopian meadow rats Stenocepha/emys (2 species) 208 Wurch mouse Muriculus imberbis 208 Common mice Mus (20 species) 208 Long-tailed field mouse sylvaticus 208 Narrow-footed woodland mice Grammomys (11 species) 209 Acacia rats Thallomys (4 species) 209 Shaggy swamp rats Dasymys (5 species) 210 Bush-rats (10 species) 210 Target rat Stochomys longicaudatus 210 Rusty-nosed rats Oenomys (2 species) 211 Mount Oku mouse Lamottemys okuensis 211 Broad-footed thicket rats Thamnomys (2 species) 211 Dephua mice (2 species) 211 Hump-nosed mice (6 species) 212 Four-striped grass mouse pumilio 212 Zebra mice Lemniscomys (10 species) 213 Unstriped grass rats (5 species) 213 Creek rats (5 species) 213 Mill rat dybowski 213 Dega rat harringtoni 214 xiv

CARNIVORES 215 and allies 217 Common (Golden) jackal aureus 218 Side-striped jackal Canis adustus 218 Black-backed jackal Canis mesomelas 219 Ethiopian wolf Canis simensis 220 Red vulpes 221 Ruppell's fox Vulpes rueppelli 222 Cape fox Vulpes chama 223 Sand fox (Pale fox) Vulpes pallida 223 Royal (Hoary) fox Vulpes cana 223 Fennec fox Vulpes zerda 224 Bat-eared fox Otocyon megalotis 224 Wild Lycaon pictus 226 Mustelids 228 '' 228 Mustela nivalis 229 Polecat Mustela putorius 229 Libyan striped weasel libyca 229 Zorilla Ictonyx striatus 230 Striped (White-naped) weasel Poecilogale albinucha 231 Ratel (Honey ) Mellivora capensis 232 Lutrinae 233 Swamp otter congica 234 African dawless otter Aonyx capensis 234 Common otter lutra 236 Spot-necked otter Lutra maculicollis 237 Herpestidae 238 Ichneumon (Egyptian) ichneumon 240 Long-snouted mongoose Herpestes naso 241 Slender mongoose Herpestes sanguinea 241 Small grey mongoose Herpestes pu/veru/enta 242 Dwarf mongoose parvula 242 Somali dwarf mongoose Helogale hirtula 244 Savannah mongoose Do/oga/e dybowski 244 Selous's mongoose Paracynictis selousi 244 Cynictis pencil lata 245 Suricate () Suricata suricata 246 Banded mongoose mungo 247 Gambian mongoose Mungos gambianus 248 Cusimanses 248 Cusimanse Crossarchus obscurus 249 Flat-headed cusimanse Crossarchus platycephalus 250 Alexander's cusimanse Crossarchus alexandri 250 Ansorge's cusimanse Crossarchus ansorgei 251 Liberiictis kuhni 251 Atilax paludinosus 252 White-tailed mongoose Ichneumia albicauda 252 Meller's mongoose Rhynchogale melleri 253 Four-toed or dog mongooses 254 Bushy-tailed mongoose Bdeogale crassicauda 255 Sokoke dog mongoose Bdeogale omnivora 256 Black-legged mongoose Bdeogale nigripes 257 Jackson's mongoose Bdeogale jacksoni 257 Hyaenids Hyaenidae 258 Striped hyaena Hyaena hyaena 259 Brown hyaena Hyaena brunnea 260 Spotted hyaena Crocuta crocuta 261 XV

Aardwolves Protelinae 264 Proteles cristata 264 Genets and civets 266 Genets Genetta 266 Common Genetta genetta (and allies) 267 Blotched genet Genetta tigrina (ind. macu/ata and allies) 268 Miombo genet Genetta angolensis 269 Servaline genet Genetta servalina 269 Giant servaline genet Genetta victoriae 269 Ethiopian genet Genetta abyssinica 270 Hausa genet Genetta thierryi 270 Johnston's genet Genetta johnstoni 271 Central African linsang richardsoni 271 West African linsang Poiana leightoni 272 Civettictis civetta 272 Aquatic genet Osbornictis piscivora 273 African palm civets Nandininae 274 Nandinia binotata 275 Cats 276 Wild cat sylvestris 276 Black-footed cat Felis nigripes 277 Sand cat Felis margarita 278 Swamp cat Felis chaus 278 cat Felis serval 279 Felis caracal 280 Golden cat Felis aurata 281 Leopard pardus 282 Lion Panthera leo 284 Cheetah jubatus 286

SCALY ANT-EATERS PHOLIDOTA 288 Pangolins Manidae 288 Long-tailed pangolin Uromanis tetradactyla 289 Tree pangolin Phataginus tricuspis 290 Giant pangolin Smutsia gigantea 291 Ground pangolin Smutsia temminckii 292

UNGULATES UNGULATA 293

AARDVARK TUBULIDENTATA 294 Aardvark Orycteropodidae 294 Aardvark, Orycteropus Orycteropus afer 294

HYRAXES HYRACOIDEA 296 Hyraxes Procavidae 296 Rock hyraxes Procavia (5 species) 297 Bush hyraxes Heterohyrax (3 species) 299 Tree hyraxes Dendrohyrax (3 species) 300

PROBOSCIDS PROBOSCIDEA 302 Elephants Elephantidae 303 African elephant Loxodonta africana 305 XVI

ODD-TOED UNGULATES PERISSODACTYLA 309 Horses Equidae 309 African horses Equus 310 Wild ass Equus africanus 310 Common zebra Equusquagga 311 Mountain zebra Equus zebra 314 Grevy's zebra Equus grevyi 316 Rhinoceroses Rhinocerotidae 318 Browse (Black) rhinoceros Diceros bicornis 319 Grass (White) rhinoceros Ceratotherium simum 321

EVEN-TOED UNGULATES ARTIODACTYLA 323 Hippopotamuses Hippopotamidae 324 Hippopotamus Hippopotamus amphibius 325 Pygmy hippopotamus Hexaprotodon liberiensis 327 Pigs Suidae 328 Wild boar Sus scrofa 329 Bush pig Potamochoerus larvatus 330 Red river hog Potamochoerus porcus 331 Giant hog Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 332 Desert warthog Phacochoerus aethiopicus 334 Common warthog Phacochoerus africanus 335 Chevrotains Tragulidae 336 Water chevrotain Hyemoschus aquaticus 337 Deer Cervidae 338 Red deer Cervus elaphus 338 Giraffes Giraffidae 339 Giraffe Giraffa camelopardalis 341 Okapi Okapia johnstoni 345 Bovids, horned ungulates Bovidae 346 Bovines Bovinae 347 Oxen Bovini 348 African buffalo Syncerus caffer 348 Spiral-horned bovines Tragelaphini 350 Bushbuck Tragelaphus scriptus 352 Bongo Tragelaphus euryceros 353 Sitatunga Tragelaphus spekei 354 Nyala Tragelaphus angasi 356 Lesser kudu Tragelaphus imberbis 357 Mountain nyala (Gedemsa) Tragelaphus buxtoni 359 Greater kudu Tragelaphus strepsiceros 360 Derby's eland Taurotragus derbianus 362 Eland Taurotragus oryx 363 Antelopes, goats and sheep Antelopinae 365 Duikers Cephalophini 367 Bush duiker Sylvicapra grimmia 368 Forest duikers Cephalophus 369 Blue duiker Cephalophus monticola 370 Maxwell's duiker Cephalophus maxwelli 371 Ader's duiker Cephalophus adersi 372 Natal duiker Cephalophus natalensis 373 Harvey's duiker Cephalophus harveyi 374 Ruwenzori red duiker Cephalophus rubidus 374 Red-flanked duiker Cephalophus rufilatus 375 XVII

Black-fronted duiker Cephalophus nigrifrons 375 Zebra duiker Cephalophus zebra 376 White-bellied duiker Cephalophus leucogaster 377 Peter's duiker Cephalophus callipygus 377 Black duiker Cephalophus 378 Abbot's duiker Cephalophus spadix 378 Yellow-backed duiker Cephalophus silvicultor 379 Ogilby's duiker Cephalophus ogilbyi 380 Bay duiker Cephalophus dorsalis 381 Jentink's duiker Cephalophus jentinki 382 Dwarf antelopes Neotragini 383 Royal antelope Neotragus pygmaeus 384 Dwarf antelope Neotragus batesi 384 Suni Neotragus mosc/iatus 385 Cape grysbok Raphicerus melanotis 386 Sharpe's grysbok Raphicerus sharpei 387 Steinbuck Raphicerus campestris 387 Oribi Ourebia ourebi 388 Klipspringer Oreotragus oreotragus 390 Beira Dorcatragus megalotis 392 Dikdiks Madoqua 393 Salt's dikdik Madoqua saltiana 395 Silver dikdik Madoqua piacentinii 395 Kirk's dikdik Madoqua kirkii 396 Guenther's dikdik Madoqua guentheri 397 Rheboks Peleini 398 Rhebok Pelea capreolus 398 Reduncines, kobs Reduncini 399 Mountain reedbuck Redunca fulvorufula 400 Bohor reedbuck Redunca redunca 401 Southern reedbuck Redunca arundinum 402 Kob Kobus kob 403 Puku Kobus.vardoni 404 Lechwe Kobus leche 405 Nile lechwe Kobus megaceros 406 Waterbuck Kobus ellipsiprymnus 407 Gazelline antelopes Antilopini 409 Gazelles Gazella 409 Dorcas gazelle Gaze/fa dorcas 410 Speke's gazelle Gazella spekei 411 Red-fronted (Thomson's) gazelle Gazella rufifrons 411 Rhim gazelle Gazella leptoceros 412 Cuvier's gazelle Gazella cuvieri 413 Grant's gazelle Gazella granti 413 Soemmerring's gazelle Gazella soemmerringi 415 Dama gazelle Gazella dama 416 Dibatag Ammodorcas clarkei 416 Gerenuk Litocranius walleri 418 Springbucks Antidorcini 419 Springbuck Antidorcas marsupialis 420 Alcelaphines, topi and allies Alcelaphini 422 Impala Aepyceros melampus 422 Hirola Beatragus hunteri 424 Bontebok, Blesbok Damaliscus dorcas 425 Topi, Tiang, Tsessebe Damaliscus lunatus 427 Kongoni (Hartebeest) Alcelaphus buselaphus (inc. lichtensteinii) 429 xviii

Brindled gnu, or wildebeest Connochaetes taurinus 431 White-tailed gnu (Black wildebeest) Connochaetes gnou 433 Horse-like antelopes Hippotragini 435 Roan antelope Hippotragus equinus 436 Sable antelope Hippotragus niger 437 Scimitar-horned oryx Oryx dammah 439 Beisa oryx Oryx beisa 439 Southern oryx (Gemsbok) Oryx gazella 441 Addax Addax nasomaculatus 442 Sheep and goats Caprini 443 Barbary sheep (Aoudad) Ammotragus lervia 444 Nubian ibex Capra ibex 445